Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-121-129
N. A. Pololzukhina, N. G. Mazepa, P. V. Pololzukhin, N. A. Yakunina
The creation of various varieties of spring soft wheat with a consistently high yield of highquality grain is the primary protection for ensuring food security where it is cultivated. Using interspecific and intraspecific solutions to solve these problems ensures their effectiveness. The purpose of the study was to adapt a variety of spring soft wheat to the conditions of Siberia and Kazakhstan based on the use of cytoplasms of other species. The object of the study is allocytoplasmic hybrids, allolinias, and varieties of spring soft wheat Melodiya and Voloshinka. Creation and evaluation of material at the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Omsk Agrarian Research Center” (formerly State Scientific Institution Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture) at all stages of the selection process, preliminary inclusions, and environmental tests in the supporting institution of the Sib Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture “Stepnoy,” as well as in LLP. Pushkin (Republic of Kazakhstan) by the methodology of the State Commission for Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops. Based on multiple selection and selective processing, the selected samples were identified based on economically valuable traits. Lines G 125/00 (sorting Melodiya) and G 140/00 (sorting Voloshinka), after receiving state variety testing, were included in the State registers of protected and approved for use selection achievements of Russia and Kazakhstan, as well as an introduction into agricultural production.
在种植软质小麦的地方，培育出各种优质高产的春季软质小麦品种是确保粮食安全的首要保障。利用种间和种内解决方案来解决这些问题可确保其有效性。本研究的目的是在利用其他物种细胞质的基础上，使春软质小麦品种适应西伯利亚和哈萨克斯坦的条件。研究对象是春软小麦 Melodiya 和 Voloshinka 的全细胞质杂交种、异株小麦和品种。在联邦国家预算机构 "鄂木斯克农业研究中心"（原国家科学机构西伯利亚农业研究所）的各阶段选育过程中、在西伯利亚农业科学研究所 "斯捷普诺伊 "的辅助机构以及在拉普兰进行的初选和环境试验中创造和评估材料。普希金（哈萨克斯坦共和国），采用国家农作物品种试验委员会的方法。在多重选择和选择性加工的基础上，根据有经济价值的性状确定了所选样本。品系 G 125/00（Melodiya 选种）和 G 140/00（Voloshinka 选种）在接受国家品种测试后，被列入俄罗斯和哈萨克斯坦国家保护和批准使用选育成果登记册，并被引入农业生产。
{"title":"Creation of spring soft wheat varieties adaptive to the conditions of Western Siberia and Northern Kazakhstan using cytoplasm of other species","authors":"N. A. Pololzukhina, N. G. Mazepa, P. V. Pololzukhin, N. A. Yakunina","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-121-129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-121-129","url":null,"abstract":"The creation of various varieties of spring soft wheat with a consistently high yield of highquality grain is the primary protection for ensuring food security where it is cultivated. Using interspecific and intraspecific solutions to solve these problems ensures their effectiveness. The purpose of the study was to adapt a variety of spring soft wheat to the conditions of Siberia and Kazakhstan based on the use of cytoplasms of other species. The object of the study is allocytoplasmic hybrids, allolinias, and varieties of spring soft wheat Melodiya and Voloshinka. Creation and evaluation of material at the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Omsk Agrarian Research Center” (formerly State Scientific Institution Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture) at all stages of the selection process, preliminary inclusions, and environmental tests in the supporting institution of the Sib Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture “Stepnoy,” as well as in LLP. Pushkin (Republic of Kazakhstan) by the methodology of the State Commission for Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops. Based on multiple selection and selective processing, the selected samples were identified based on economically valuable traits. Lines G 125/00 (sorting Melodiya) and G 140/00 (sorting Voloshinka), after receiving state variety testing, were included in the State registers of protected and approved for use selection achievements of Russia and Kazakhstan, as well as an introduction into agricultural production.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"53 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140695587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-95-111
A. Nugmanov, L. Titova, I. A. Bakin, A. V. Zhuravlev
Soil mulching is a common agricultural technique that reduces moisture loss, suppresses weeds, regulates soil temperature, and generally increases yield. Traditionally, low-density polyethylene is used for these purposes due to its mechanical and barrier properties, resistance to all forms of degradation, simple processing of cover soil, and low cost. However, using polyethylene has several artificial and environmental risks associated with difficult biodegradability, the difficulty of its removal after the harvest cycle, and final disposal. Therefore, there is great interest in the use of biodegradable mulch films. Two groups of materials most suitable for producing biodegradable coatings are polysaccharides of natural origin and biopolymers of synthetic origin. Technological methods for producing biopolymers from raw natural material by extraction from biomass and chemical or biotechnological methods are analyzed. Data are presented on the potential of biodegradable mulch materials of natural origin, films based on polysaccharides, synthetic polymers, and those applied as a solution for possible replacement of traditional mulch materials. A comparison was made of the compositions of biodegradable coatings, their properties, and their effects when used. The prospects and ways of introducing biodegradable film materials into agricultural practice are summarized.
{"title":"Biodegradable mulching materials for agriculture: technology and environmental safety","authors":"A. Nugmanov, L. Titova, I. A. Bakin, A. V. Zhuravlev","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-95-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-95-111","url":null,"abstract":"Soil mulching is a common agricultural technique that reduces moisture loss, suppresses weeds, regulates soil temperature, and generally increases yield. Traditionally, low-density polyethylene is used for these purposes due to its mechanical and barrier properties, resistance to all forms of degradation, simple processing of cover soil, and low cost. However, using polyethylene has several artificial and environmental risks associated with difficult biodegradability, the difficulty of its removal after the harvest cycle, and final disposal. Therefore, there is great interest in the use of biodegradable mulch films. Two groups of materials most suitable for producing biodegradable coatings are polysaccharides of natural origin and biopolymers of synthetic origin. Technological methods for producing biopolymers from raw natural material by extraction from biomass and chemical or biotechnological methods are analyzed. Data are presented on the potential of biodegradable mulch materials of natural origin, films based on polysaccharides, synthetic polymers, and those applied as a solution for possible replacement of traditional mulch materials. A comparison was made of the compositions of biodegradable coatings, their properties, and their effects when used. The prospects and ways of introducing biodegradable film materials into agricultural practice are summarized.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"109 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140695318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-75-85
A. Korobeinikov, L. Ashmarina, M. P. Kazantsev
In the conditions of Western Siberia, there is a problem of annual damage to grain crops by a complex of phytopathogens, which affects several qualities of seed material, such as germination, germination energy, etc. The conditions of grain formation and harvesting also influence these indicators. The accumulation of waste products of phytopathogens in grain leads to a deterioration in its organoleptic properties, a decrease in germination, and mycotoxins pose a danger to human health. Thus, processing seed material to protect it from diseases and pests is one of the most economical plant protection measures. At the same time, due to the many harmful properties of chemicals - such as environmental hazards and high processing costs - it becomes advisable to search for safer methods. In this work, natural adsorbents based on clays of various origins were used to study their effect on the phytosanitary state of grain seeds during post-harvest processing. The study examined such indicators of the phytosanitary state of seed material as the initial contamination of seeds before storage and the prevalence and indices of disease development in the tillering phase after treating seeds with various clays. The results showed that, in general, treatment with adsorbents has a beneficial effect on the phytosanitary condition of grain seeds. Treatment of spring wheat seeds with white clay led to significantly lower rates of prevalence and development of root rot. A similar result was obtained in an experiment with winter wheat when seeds were treated with red clay. On rye, a decrease in the development of root rot was observed when treated with white and yellow clays, and on barley – with white and red; in the experiment with yellow clay, no positive effect was observed on barley.
{"title":"Influence of treatment of grain seeds with natural adsorbents on the phytosanitary condition of seed material","authors":"A. Korobeinikov, L. Ashmarina, M. P. Kazantsev","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-75-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-75-85","url":null,"abstract":"In the conditions of Western Siberia, there is a problem of annual damage to grain crops by a complex of phytopathogens, which affects several qualities of seed material, such as germination, germination energy, etc. The conditions of grain formation and harvesting also influence these indicators. The accumulation of waste products of phytopathogens in grain leads to a deterioration in its organoleptic properties, a decrease in germination, and mycotoxins pose a danger to human health. Thus, processing seed material to protect it from diseases and pests is one of the most economical plant protection measures. At the same time, due to the many harmful properties of chemicals - such as environmental hazards and high processing costs - it becomes advisable to search for safer methods. In this work, natural adsorbents based on clays of various origins were used to study their effect on the phytosanitary state of grain seeds during post-harvest processing. The study examined such indicators of the phytosanitary state of seed material as the initial contamination of seeds before storage and the prevalence and indices of disease development in the tillering phase after treating seeds with various clays. The results showed that, in general, treatment with adsorbents has a beneficial effect on the phytosanitary condition of grain seeds. Treatment of spring wheat seeds with white clay led to significantly lower rates of prevalence and development of root rot. A similar result was obtained in an experiment with winter wheat when seeds were treated with red clay. On rye, a decrease in the development of root rot was observed when treated with white and yellow clays, and on barley – with white and red; in the experiment with yellow clay, no positive effect was observed on barley.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"25 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140696619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-51-58
A. I. Dolzhenko, Yuri A. Zubarev, A. V. Gunin
Sea buckthorn fruits (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) are valuable raw materials for the food and pharmaceutical industries due to the significant amount of oil in the fruit pulp and seeds, characterized by a unique combination of components. The primary substance of the oil is a complex of fatty acids, the composition of which has been well-studied for most genotypes. Still, studies have not been carried out in the group of sea buckthorn varieties of Altai selection. This study aimed to compare the fatty acid composition of the pulp of fruits and seeds of sea buckthorn selection by the Research Institute of Horticulture of Siberia, named after M.A. Lisavenko. The object of the study was the fruits of 13 sea buckthorn varieties belonging to the subspecies Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. mongolica, collected in 2014–2015. in the phase of full ripeness at the experimental sites of the Research Institute of Horticulture of Siberia, named after M.A. Lisavenko, is located in the forest-steppe of the Altai Territory. Determination of fatty acid composition was carried out in fruit pulp and sea buckthorn seeds using gas chromatography. Six fatty acids were identified in the fruit pulp of sea buckthorn, differing significantly in percentage. The predominant ones are palmitic (C16:0) and palmitoleic acids (C16:1), which account for more than 80% of all fatty acids. The most minor amounts are stearic (C18:0) and linolenic (C18:3) acids (2.32%). Sea buckthorn seed oil is dominated by unsaturated fatty acids (more than 90%): oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic acid, and cis-vaccenic acid (C18:1-n7) are present. The largest share on average for varieties is linoleic acid (40.93%). The content of palmitoleic acid in the seed oil was 0.29%, palmitic acid – 6.95%, and stearic acid – 2.04% of the total acids.
{"title":"Fatty acid composition of fruit pulp oil and seeds of sea buckthorn selection","authors":"A. I. Dolzhenko, Yuri A. Zubarev, A. V. Gunin","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-51-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-51-58","url":null,"abstract":"Sea buckthorn fruits (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) are valuable raw materials for the food and pharmaceutical industries due to the significant amount of oil in the fruit pulp and seeds, characterized by a unique combination of components. The primary substance of the oil is a complex of fatty acids, the composition of which has been well-studied for most genotypes. Still, studies have not been carried out in the group of sea buckthorn varieties of Altai selection. This study aimed to compare the fatty acid composition of the pulp of fruits and seeds of sea buckthorn selection by the Research Institute of Horticulture of Siberia, named after M.A. Lisavenko. The object of the study was the fruits of 13 sea buckthorn varieties belonging to the subspecies Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. mongolica, collected in 2014–2015. in the phase of full ripeness at the experimental sites of the Research Institute of Horticulture of Siberia, named after M.A. Lisavenko, is located in the forest-steppe of the Altai Territory. Determination of fatty acid composition was carried out in fruit pulp and sea buckthorn seeds using gas chromatography. Six fatty acids were identified in the fruit pulp of sea buckthorn, differing significantly in percentage. The predominant ones are palmitic (C16:0) and palmitoleic acids (C16:1), which account for more than 80% of all fatty acids. The most minor amounts are stearic (C18:0) and linolenic (C18:3) acids (2.32%). Sea buckthorn seed oil is dominated by unsaturated fatty acids (more than 90%): oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic acid, and cis-vaccenic acid (C18:1-n7) are present. The largest share on average for varieties is linoleic acid (40.93%). The content of palmitoleic acid in the seed oil was 0.29%, palmitic acid – 6.95%, and stearic acid – 2.04% of the total acids.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"4 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140697786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-66-74
E. P. Ivanova, A. Klykov
The authors used the field and laboratory research methods in 2009–2012 and 2018– 2020. On the meadow-brown bleached soil of the Primorsky Territory, the effect of seed inoculation with various strains of nodule bacteria Synorhizobium meliloty on the yield and feed productivity of alfalfa was studied. According to current guidelines, experimental research, records, and observations were carried out. Strains of nodule bacteria Synorhizobium meliloty were provided by the Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology”. In seven years of research, the positive role of the studied factor in increasing the yield, nutritional, and energy value of alfalfa was established. The total collection of green mass in three experiments in variants with inoculation of alfalfa seeds with rhizobia strains increased by 4.0–15.2%, and the collection of dry matter increased by 6.8–21.7%. The most significant increase in the yield of green mass and dry matter in experiments 1 and 2 was provided by the primary production strain 425a and experiment 3 – by production strain 415b. Regarding quality indicators, in experiments 1 and 2, production inoculant 425a had an advantage, and in experiment 3, the promising strain A1 and production strain 415b had an advantage. For adaptive intensification of forage production, the creation of stable agrophytocenoses with alfalfa with inoculation of seeds with virulent active strains of rhizobia (mainly the main production strains 425a and 415b) is shown.
{"title":"Prospects for the use of Sinorhizobium meliloty strains to increase the productivity of variegated alfalfa in the conditions of the Primorsky territory","authors":"E. P. Ivanova, A. Klykov","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-66-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-66-74","url":null,"abstract":"The authors used the field and laboratory research methods in 2009–2012 and 2018– 2020. On the meadow-brown bleached soil of the Primorsky Territory, the effect of seed inoculation with various strains of nodule bacteria Synorhizobium meliloty on the yield and feed productivity of alfalfa was studied. According to current guidelines, experimental research, records, and observations were carried out. Strains of nodule bacteria Synorhizobium meliloty were provided by the Laboratory of Ecology of Symbiotic and Associative Rhizobacteria of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology”. In seven years of research, the positive role of the studied factor in increasing the yield, nutritional, and energy value of alfalfa was established. The total collection of green mass in three experiments in variants with inoculation of alfalfa seeds with rhizobia strains increased by 4.0–15.2%, and the collection of dry matter increased by 6.8–21.7%. The most significant increase in the yield of green mass and dry matter in experiments 1 and 2 was provided by the primary production strain 425a and experiment 3 – by production strain 415b. Regarding quality indicators, in experiments 1 and 2, production inoculant 425a had an advantage, and in experiment 3, the promising strain A1 and production strain 415b had an advantage. For adaptive intensification of forage production, the creation of stable agrophytocenoses with alfalfa with inoculation of seeds with virulent active strains of rhizobia (mainly the main production strains 425a and 415b) is shown.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"82 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140695414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-59-65
T. V. Zubkova
The results of four years of research to determine the effectiveness of the integrated use of beet defecate, microbiological, and mineral fertilizers on the biological activity of the soil, yield, and oil content of spring rape are presented. The studies were carried out in the conditions of the Lipetsk region on leached chernozem in 2018–2021. The weather conditions of the studied years were very favorable for the development of rapeseed plants. The hydrothermal coefficient was 0.77 in 2018, 1.12 in 2019, 1.25 in 2020, and 1.78 in 2021. On average, the growing season for the options has lasted 111–118 days. A more extended period was noted in the variant with the introduction of a dose of defecate 12.6 t/ha, N140P70K100, against the background of treatment with Extrasol (118 days). The maximum degree of decomposition of flax cloth was established in the variant with doses of defecate fertilizer of 12.6 t/ha and mineral fertilizers N140P70K100 at a depth of application into the soil of up to 20 cm (more than 48%). The maximum average yield was observed against the background of 12.6 t/ha of defecate in the variant N140P70K100 + BSKa-3 (3.53 t/ha), N140P70K100 + Extrasol (3.40 t/ha) when applied in autumn and in the variants N140P70K100 + BSKa- 3 (3.43 t/ha), N140P70K100 + Extrasol (3.21 t/ha) when used in early spring. High oil content was noted in the variants by introducing a dose of defecate 12.6 t/ha and mineral fertilizers N90P40K50 against the background of treatments with microbiological fertilizers. The maximum fat content was noted in the defecate variant: 12.6 t/ha + N90P40K50 + Extrasol (42.5–42.7%).
{"title":"Biological activity of soil and productivity of spring rape depending on the application of fertilizers in the background of defect application in the forest-steppe conditions of the CCR (Central chernozem region)","authors":"T. V. Zubkova","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-59-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-59-65","url":null,"abstract":"The results of four years of research to determine the effectiveness of the integrated use of beet defecate, microbiological, and mineral fertilizers on the biological activity of the soil, yield, and oil content of spring rape are presented. The studies were carried out in the conditions of the Lipetsk region on leached chernozem in 2018–2021. The weather conditions of the studied years were very favorable for the development of rapeseed plants. The hydrothermal coefficient was 0.77 in 2018, 1.12 in 2019, 1.25 in 2020, and 1.78 in 2021. On average, the growing season for the options has lasted 111–118 days. A more extended period was noted in the variant with the introduction of a dose of defecate 12.6 t/ha, N140P70K100, against the background of treatment with Extrasol (118 days). The maximum degree of decomposition of flax cloth was established in the variant with doses of defecate fertilizer of 12.6 t/ha and mineral fertilizers N140P70K100 at a depth of application into the soil of up to 20 cm (more than 48%). The maximum average yield was observed against the background of 12.6 t/ha of defecate in the variant N140P70K100 + BSKa-3 (3.53 t/ha), N140P70K100 + Extrasol (3.40 t/ha) when applied in autumn and in the variants N140P70K100 + BSKa- 3 (3.43 t/ha), N140P70K100 + Extrasol (3.21 t/ha) when used in early spring. High oil content was noted in the variants by introducing a dose of defecate 12.6 t/ha and mineral fertilizers N90P40K50 against the background of treatments with microbiological fertilizers. The maximum fat content was noted in the defecate variant: 12.6 t/ha + N90P40K50 + Extrasol (42.5–42.7%).","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"30 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140696128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-86-94
L. V. Lyashcheva, I. A. Prok, I. A. Viktorova
The results of studies on the influence of zeolites of different fractions on the yield and quality of the Siberian early-ripening tomato fruits are presented. The subject of the survey is crushed zeolite from the Transcarpathian zeolite plant. It was revealed that the fractional composition of zeolites affects the timing of phenological phases in tomatoes. When planted in open ground on June 10, the age of the seedlings was 55 days. The time from planting to the beginning of flowering, on average over two years, was the shortest in the variant using zeolite fraction 1 mm (24 days) and the longest in the control (33 days). The first tomato harvest was done using a 1 mm fraction of zeolite on the 46th planting day. On average, mass harvest in variants with the addition of different types of zeolites occurred faster by seven days compared to the control. Standardity in all variants, including the control, was at a high level and ranged from 97.9 in the control to 98.9% in the variant, with the addition of zeolite fraction 1.5 mm during the period of mass fruiting and from 84.9 in the control to 98.0 % in the variant with the addition of zeolite fraction 1.5 mm when calculating the total yield. It has been proven that using zeolite substrates of the 1–1.5 mm fraction as a component for growing tomato plants in open ground on leached chernozem of the Northern Trans-Urals is an effective method. When zeolites of fractions 1 and 1.5 mm were included in the soil, the yield increased compared to the control by 3.5 and 3.9 kg per 1 m2, respectively. The average fruit weight was within the general requirements for the standard for this variety. However, within the variants, it ranged from 84 g in control to 141.5 g in the variant, adding a zeolite fraction of 1.5 mm. The addition of zeolite, especially the more significant fraction, smoothed out the lack of moisture, especially in 2021. In the variants with the addition of zeolites, the fruits were more important than the control by more than 1.5 times. There is a clear trend towards an increase in the dry matter content, including the number of sugars, in fruits and a decrease in the nitrate content.
{"title":"Influence of zeolites of different fractions on the yield and quality of tomatoes in the Northern Transural region","authors":"L. V. Lyashcheva, I. A. Prok, I. A. Viktorova","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-86-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-86-94","url":null,"abstract":"The results of studies on the influence of zeolites of different fractions on the yield and quality of the Siberian early-ripening tomato fruits are presented. The subject of the survey is crushed zeolite from the Transcarpathian zeolite plant. It was revealed that the fractional composition of zeolites affects the timing of phenological phases in tomatoes. When planted in open ground on June 10, the age of the seedlings was 55 days. The time from planting to the beginning of flowering, on average over two years, was the shortest in the variant using zeolite fraction 1 mm (24 days) and the longest in the control (33 days). The first tomato harvest was done using a 1 mm fraction of zeolite on the 46th planting day. On average, mass harvest in variants with the addition of different types of zeolites occurred faster by seven days compared to the control. Standardity in all variants, including the control, was at a high level and ranged from 97.9 in the control to 98.9% in the variant, with the addition of zeolite fraction 1.5 mm during the period of mass fruiting and from 84.9 in the control to 98.0 % in the variant with the addition of zeolite fraction 1.5 mm when calculating the total yield. It has been proven that using zeolite substrates of the 1–1.5 mm fraction as a component for growing tomato plants in open ground on leached chernozem of the Northern Trans-Urals is an effective method. When zeolites of fractions 1 and 1.5 mm were included in the soil, the yield increased compared to the control by 3.5 and 3.9 kg per 1 m2, respectively. The average fruit weight was within the general requirements for the standard for this variety. However, within the variants, it ranged from 84 g in control to 141.5 g in the variant, adding a zeolite fraction of 1.5 mm. The addition of zeolite, especially the more significant fraction, smoothed out the lack of moisture, especially in 2021. In the variants with the addition of zeolites, the fruits were more important than the control by more than 1.5 times. There is a clear trend towards an increase in the dry matter content, including the number of sugars, in fruits and a decrease in the nitrate content.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"29 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140696893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-14-24
D. Bochkarev, A. V. Stolyarov, A. N. Nikolsky, G. N. Kuznetsova, V. Bochkarev, A. G. Vishnyakov
The conducted systematic monitoring of weed infestation in flax crops over periods of different anthropogenic loads revealed that during systematic soil cultivation with plows under conditions of extensive farming, 65 species of crop weeds were found in the structure of the weed community with an average number of 125 pcs/m2. The highest density during this period was characterized by Chenopodium album L., Spergula arvensis L., Camelina alyssum (Mill.) Thell. Of the perennials, Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski and Sonchus arvensis L. were widespread. The level of anthropogenic load increased in the second half of the 30s. XX century led to a decrease in the weediness of flax crops to 86 pcs/m2. At the same time, the development of fallow lands and boundaries contributed to a slight expansion of the species composition of weeds due to the appearance of forest and meadow species on arable land. During this period, the most burdensome weed species were Spergula arvensis L. and Spergularia rubra (L.) J. Presl & C. Presl, Polygonum spp., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Equisetum arvense L., Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Besser , Linaria vulgaris Mill., Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. In modern conditions, along with the soil cultivation factor, the long-term use of herbicides from the 2,4-D group and their derivatives on the crops of dominant grain crops has played a significant role. This contributed to a change in species composition. A total of 73 species were identified in flax crops. On average, there were up to 62 weeds per unit area. The species resistant to 2,4-D had the highest population density: Galium aparine L., Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip., Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á. Löve, Galeopsis spp., from perennial segetal species - glyphosate-resistant Convolvulus arvensis L., Equisetum arvense L. Analysis of the results obtained using nonparametric statistics confirm that the technology of flax cultivation in the 20th century and the first quarter of the 21st century. Has a dominant influence on the species spectrum and the population density of individual weed species.
{"title":"Long-term monitoring of weed contamination in flax crops as a basis for developing an effective protection system","authors":"D. Bochkarev, A. V. Stolyarov, A. N. Nikolsky, G. N. Kuznetsova, V. Bochkarev, A. G. Vishnyakov","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-14-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-14-24","url":null,"abstract":"The conducted systematic monitoring of weed infestation in flax crops over periods of different anthropogenic loads revealed that during systematic soil cultivation with plows under conditions of extensive farming, 65 species of crop weeds were found in the structure of the weed community with an average number of 125 pcs/m2. The highest density during this period was characterized by Chenopodium album L., Spergula arvensis L., Camelina alyssum (Mill.) Thell. Of the perennials, Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski and Sonchus arvensis L. were widespread. The level of anthropogenic load increased in the second half of the 30s. XX century led to a decrease in the weediness of flax crops to 86 pcs/m2. At the same time, the development of fallow lands and boundaries contributed to a slight expansion of the species composition of weeds due to the appearance of forest and meadow species on arable land. During this period, the most burdensome weed species were Spergula arvensis L. and Spergularia rubra (L.) J. Presl & C. Presl, Polygonum spp., Amaranthus retroflexus L., Equisetum arvense L., Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Besser , Linaria vulgaris Mill., Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. In modern conditions, along with the soil cultivation factor, the long-term use of herbicides from the 2,4-D group and their derivatives on the crops of dominant grain crops has played a significant role. This contributed to a change in species composition. A total of 73 species were identified in flax crops. On average, there were up to 62 weeds per unit area. The species resistant to 2,4-D had the highest population density: Galium aparine L., Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip., Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á. Löve, Galeopsis spp., from perennial segetal species - glyphosate-resistant Convolvulus arvensis L., Equisetum arvense L. Analysis of the results obtained using nonparametric statistics confirm that the technology of flax cultivation in the 20th century and the first quarter of the 21st century. Has a dominant influence on the species spectrum and the population density of individual weed species.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"2 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140702589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-15DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-25-33
L. M. Vlasova, O. V. Popova
Seed dressing is a mandatory environmentally and cost-effective technique for cultivating spring barley in modern technologies. The work aimed to increase the efficiency of protection of spring barley by using tank mixtures of new insecticidal, fungicidal, and insectofungicidal protectants with micro fertilizers. The studies were conducted in 2021–2022. on crops of spring barley of the Grace variety in the forest-steppe conditions of Russia’s Central Black Earth Region (the soil is leached medium-loamy chernozem). It was established that the insectofungicide Armor Quadra (0.8 l/t) and a tank mixture of the Bombarda insecticide (1.0 l/t) with the Heraklion fungicide (1.0 l/t) when treating spring barley seeds were highly effective against a complex of pests: molding of seeds, root rot, striped flea beetles, grain flies. About pests, the effectiveness of the tank insectofungicidal mixture Bombarda (1.0 l/t) + Heraklion (1.0 l/t) corresponded to the level of individual use of the drug Bombarda (1.0 l/t). It was higher than the standard and the drug Armor Quadra (0 .8 l/t) against grain flea beetles by 6.8–8.5%, against grain flies – by 6.2–6.4%. Using the studied pesticides with microfertilizers Polishing (0.2 l/t) and MegamixPhosphorus (2.0 l/t) increased the field germination of spring barley seeds by an average of 5.0–6.0% relative to the control. The addition of microfertilizers increased the effectiveness of pesticides against root rot in the tillering phase by 4.5–7.0% and in the heading phase – by 4.8–6.8%. Results of evaluation of the insectofungicide Armor Quadra (0.8 l/t) and the insectofungicidal tank mixture Bombarda (1.0 l/t) + Heraklion (1.0 l/t) individually and in combination with Polishance microfertilizers (0.2 l/t ) and Megamix-Phosphorus (2.0 l/t) showed a positive effect of seed treatment on the formation of crop structure elements and the yield of spring barley. The addition of microfertilizers to the studied tank mixtures contributed to a significant increase in the yield of spring barley by an average of 3.0–4.7 c/ha, which made it possible in variants with seed treatment with the insectofungicide Armor Quadra (0.8 l/t) and the insectofungicidal mixture Bombarda (1 .0 l/t) + Heraklion (1.0 l/t) in combination with microfertilizers Polishing (0.2 l/t) and Megamix-Phosphorus (2.0 l/t) to obtain the most significant increases in grain yield compared to the control – 11.0–13.2 c/ha.
{"title":"Effectiveness of tank mixtures of protectants and micro fertilizers against a complex of pests and diseases of spring barley","authors":"L. M. Vlasova, O. V. Popova","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-25-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-25-33","url":null,"abstract":"Seed dressing is a mandatory environmentally and cost-effective technique for cultivating spring barley in modern technologies. The work aimed to increase the efficiency of protection of spring barley by using tank mixtures of new insecticidal, fungicidal, and insectofungicidal protectants with micro fertilizers. The studies were conducted in 2021–2022. on crops of spring barley of the Grace variety in the forest-steppe conditions of Russia’s Central Black Earth Region (the soil is leached medium-loamy chernozem). It was established that the insectofungicide Armor Quadra (0.8 l/t) and a tank mixture of the Bombarda insecticide (1.0 l/t) with the Heraklion fungicide (1.0 l/t) when treating spring barley seeds were highly effective against a complex of pests: molding of seeds, root rot, striped flea beetles, grain flies. About pests, the effectiveness of the tank insectofungicidal mixture Bombarda (1.0 l/t) + Heraklion (1.0 l/t) corresponded to the level of individual use of the drug Bombarda (1.0 l/t). It was higher than the standard and the drug Armor Quadra (0 .8 l/t) against grain flea beetles by 6.8–8.5%, against grain flies – by 6.2–6.4%. Using the studied pesticides with microfertilizers Polishing (0.2 l/t) and MegamixPhosphorus (2.0 l/t) increased the field germination of spring barley seeds by an average of 5.0–6.0% relative to the control. The addition of microfertilizers increased the effectiveness of pesticides against root rot in the tillering phase by 4.5–7.0% and in the heading phase – by 4.8–6.8%. Results of evaluation of the insectofungicide Armor Quadra (0.8 l/t) and the insectofungicidal tank mixture Bombarda (1.0 l/t) + Heraklion (1.0 l/t) individually and in combination with Polishance microfertilizers (0.2 l/t ) and Megamix-Phosphorus (2.0 l/t) showed a positive effect of seed treatment on the formation of crop structure elements and the yield of spring barley. The addition of microfertilizers to the studied tank mixtures contributed to a significant increase in the yield of spring barley by an average of 3.0–4.7 c/ha, which made it possible in variants with seed treatment with the insectofungicide Armor Quadra (0.8 l/t) and the insectofungicidal mixture Bombarda (1 .0 l/t) + Heraklion (1.0 l/t) in combination with microfertilizers Polishing (0.2 l/t) and Megamix-Phosphorus (2.0 l/t) to obtain the most significant increases in grain yield compared to the control – 11.0–13.2 c/ha.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140700126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-13DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-5-13
T. I. Alexandrova
The article presents long-term data on studying domestic plum varieties in an intensive garden. The study was conducted to determine the effect of leaf nutrition on the yield and quality of plums. Counts and observations were carried out in 2019–2021 on the site of the irrigated garden of the Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In this place, experience was laid in growing fruit trees. The garden was founded in 2014. The planting pattern is 5.0 m × 2.0 m. The research objects were the plum varieties Kubanskaya Spring, Renclad Altana, and Burbank; the study subjects were complex fertilizers Master, Aquarin, Ultramag Boron, and Ultramag Calcium. The studies were carried out on six typical trees of each variety in triplicate. The experimental data were processed using the variance analysis method according to B.A. Dospehov. The program and methodology for studying fruit, berry, and nut crops included accounts and observations. The highest yield was noted for the Burbank plum variety - 12.1 t/ha. Foliar feeding with complex fertilizer in the version using the drugs Aquarin, Ultramag Boron, and Ultramag Calcium provided the maximum average increase in yield. Among the studied varieties, the enormous weight and size of the fruit were found in the Kubanskaya Spring variety, which amounted to 55.2 g in the variant with the use of complex fertilizers Aquarin and Ultramag Bor together with Ultramag Calcium. Using foliar fertilizing with fertilizers containing macro- and microelements allows you to regulate fruiting quality
{"title":"The importance of foliar feeding in increasing the productivity of plum varieties in acute adrid conditions of the lower Volga region","authors":"T. I. Alexandrova","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-5-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-5-13","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents long-term data on studying domestic plum varieties in an intensive garden. The study was conducted to determine the effect of leaf nutrition on the yield and quality of plums. Counts and observations were carried out in 2019–2021 on the site of the irrigated garden of the Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In this place, experience was laid in growing fruit trees. The garden was founded in 2014. The planting pattern is 5.0 m × 2.0 m. The research objects were the plum varieties Kubanskaya Spring, Renclad Altana, and Burbank; the study subjects were complex fertilizers Master, Aquarin, Ultramag Boron, and Ultramag Calcium. The studies were carried out on six typical trees of each variety in triplicate. The experimental data were processed using the variance analysis method according to B.A. Dospehov. The program and methodology for studying fruit, berry, and nut crops included accounts and observations. The highest yield was noted for the Burbank plum variety - 12.1 t/ha. Foliar feeding with complex fertilizer in the version using the drugs Aquarin, Ultramag Boron, and Ultramag Calcium provided the maximum average increase in yield. Among the studied varieties, the enormous weight and size of the fruit were found in the Kubanskaya Spring variety, which amounted to 55.2 g in the variant with the use of complex fertilizers Aquarin and Ultramag Bor together with Ultramag Calcium. Using foliar fertilizing with fertilizers containing macro- and microelements allows you to regulate fruiting quality","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140707290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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