Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2023-69-4-304-312
T. N. Khamiruev, B. Bazaron, G. Goncharenko, N. B. Grishina
The results of a study of the genetic diversity of the Transbaikal horse breed based on the polymorphism of whey proteins TF, Es, and ALB in four herds of the Transbaikal region are presented. The Transbaikal horse belongs to the ancient aboriginal breeds and is most adapted to the local climatic conditions of dry, hot summers and frosty winters with little snow. It is unpretentious, hardy, and has a strong constitution. Research is aimed at preserving the breed’s genetic diversity by studying polymorphic variants of whey proteins, which are reliable genetic markers due to their codominant inheritance and comprehensive polymorphism. In the albumin locus, two alleles and three genotypes were identified. In the esterase locus, there are six alleles and 13 genotypes. In the transferrin locus - 7 alleles and 18 genotypes occur with different frequencies in the studied herds, which makes it possible to characterise their genotypic characteristics. Rarely encountered genotypes of the transferrin locus (less than 10 %) include eight genotypes: TFDD, TFDH, TFDI, TFDR, TFFI, TFFM, TFOR, TFR; esterase locus – 6 genotypes: EsGI, EsHH, EsHI, EsHO, EsII, EsGI. Based on the frequency of genotypes and alleles, homozygosity was calculated for each whey protein system and for the entire sample from the herd, the level of which ranges from 7.87 to 12.25 %. The overall homozygosity rate varies from 34.35 to 43.36 %, and the number of effective alleles (Na) in all herds is almost the same (2.30–2.91). Genetic variability ranges from 56.96–63.74 %. The index of gene similarity between herds is at the level of 0.8439–0.9058. The analysed herds form two subclusters: the first includes horses from the APC (Agricultural Production Cooperative) Livestock Breeding Farm named after. Kalinin and SPK “Rassvet”. In the second - animals from APC (Agricultural Production Cooperative) “Livestock Breeding Farm “Rodina” and AC (Agricultural Cooperative) “Taptanay”.
{"title":"Polymorphism of serum blood proteins of herd horses (Equus ferus caballus) of the transbaikal breed","authors":"T. N. Khamiruev, B. Bazaron, G. Goncharenko, N. B. Grishina","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2023-69-4-304-312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2023-69-4-304-312","url":null,"abstract":" The results of a study of the genetic diversity of the Transbaikal horse breed based on the polymorphism of whey proteins TF, Es, and ALB in four herds of the Transbaikal region are presented. The Transbaikal horse belongs to the ancient aboriginal breeds and is most adapted to the local climatic conditions of dry, hot summers and frosty winters with little snow. It is unpretentious, hardy, and has a strong constitution. Research is aimed at preserving the breed’s genetic diversity by studying polymorphic variants of whey proteins, which are reliable genetic markers due to their codominant inheritance and comprehensive polymorphism. In the albumin locus, two alleles and three genotypes were identified. In the esterase locus, there are six alleles and 13 genotypes. In the transferrin locus - 7 alleles and 18 genotypes occur with different frequencies in the studied herds, which makes it possible to characterise their genotypic characteristics. Rarely encountered genotypes of the transferrin locus (less than 10 %) include eight genotypes: TFDD, TFDH, TFDI, TFDR, TFFI, TFFM, TFOR, TFR; esterase locus – 6 genotypes: EsGI, EsHH, EsHI, EsHO, EsII, EsGI. Based on the frequency of genotypes and alleles, homozygosity was calculated for each whey protein system and for the entire sample from the herd, the level of which ranges from 7.87 to 12.25 %. The overall homozygosity rate varies from 34.35 to 43.36 %, and the number of effective alleles (Na) in all herds is almost the same (2.30–2.91). Genetic variability ranges from 56.96–63.74 %. The index of gene similarity between herds is at the level of 0.8439–0.9058. The analysed herds form two subclusters: the first includes horses from the APC (Agricultural Production Cooperative) Livestock Breeding Farm named after. Kalinin and SPK “Rassvet”. In the second - animals from APC (Agricultural Production Cooperative) “Livestock Breeding Farm “Rodina” and AC (Agricultural Cooperative) “Taptanay”.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140506086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2023-69-4-286-293
I. I. Sleptsov, S. A. Miroshnikov, A. N. Frolov
Chemical elements, as structural components of the body, influence physiological processes and functions of the organism, growth, productive and reproductive traits, resistance and others. In this regard, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different calcium concentrations in the wool of Holstein sires on the semen quality characteristics. The studies were conducted in conditions of Leningrad and Vologda regions on Holstein sires, 3–5 years old (n = 40). Calcium concentration in wool was determined by atomic emission and mass spectrometry (AES–ICP and MS–ICP). According to the results of this analysis and comparison with previously developed reference intervals, we formed four groups of sires: I – level of Ca concentration less than 25th percentile, II and IV – within 25–75th percentile (physiological norm: 1597–2926 mg/kg) and III – more than 75th percentile. As a result of this distribution, the Ca concentration in the wool of animals of Group II was higher by 75.9 % compared to Group I; in turn, individuals of Group IV exceeded Group III – by 27.9 %. According to the results of semen quality characteristics evaluation, it was found that in the group of sires with Ca level within the previously developed reference intervals, the concentration of spermatozoa was higher by 15.3 % and their activity – by 0.17 points in fresh semen in comparison with the group with its reduced level (below the 25th percentile). High Ca content (above the 75th percentile) in wool contributed to a 9.0 % decrease in the concentration of spermatozoa compared to its average values. Thus, the calcium concentration, assessed by its level in the fur, affects the concentration and activity of sperm. It is necessary to evaluate it to improve the quality characteristics of sperm systematically.
{"title":"Evaluation of the effect of calcium concentration in the wool of sires on se- men quality characteristics","authors":"I. I. Sleptsov, S. A. Miroshnikov, A. N. Frolov","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2023-69-4-286-293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2023-69-4-286-293","url":null,"abstract":" Chemical elements, as structural components of the body, influence physiological processes and functions of the organism, growth, productive and reproductive traits, resistance and others. In this regard, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different calcium concentrations in the wool of Holstein sires on the semen quality characteristics. The studies were conducted in conditions of Leningrad and Vologda regions on Holstein sires, 3–5 years old (n = 40). Calcium concentration in wool was determined by atomic emission and mass spectrometry (AES–ICP and MS–ICP). According to the results of this analysis and comparison with previously developed reference intervals, we formed four groups of sires: I – level of Ca concentration less than 25th percentile, II and IV – within 25–75th percentile (physiological norm: 1597–2926 mg/kg) and III – more than 75th percentile. As a result of this distribution, the Ca concentration in the wool of animals of Group II was higher by 75.9 % compared to Group I; in turn, individuals of Group IV exceeded Group III – by 27.9 %. According to the results of semen quality characteristics evaluation, it was found that in the group of sires with Ca level within the previously developed reference intervals, the concentration of spermatozoa was higher by 15.3 % and their activity – by 0.17 points in fresh semen in comparison with the group with its reduced level (below the 25th percentile). High Ca content (above the 75th percentile) in wool contributed to a 9.0 % decrease in the concentration of spermatozoa compared to its average values. Thus, the calcium concentration, assessed by its level in the fur, affects the concentration and activity of sperm. It is necessary to evaluate it to improve the quality characteristics of sperm systematically.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":" 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139620035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2023-69-4-294-303
E. Tarasenko, T. Konovalova, L. V. Osadchuk, O. Korotkevich, V. L. Petukhov, O. I. Sebezhko
One of the leading roles in the hormonal system of the body of pigs in terms of functional significance is played by the thyroid gland, which, through the hormone triiodothyronine, has a complex effect on all systems, organs and physiological processes while controlling the metabolism and energy in the animal’s body. The impact of maternal genotype on the concentration and variability of triiodothyronine in complete siblings of Landrace pigs was studied. For the study, blood serum samples were taken from 33 pigs using the vacuum method from the jugular vein. Blood samples were taken according to generally accepted practices. The studies were carried out in the laboratory of the biochemistry of the Novosibirsk State Agrarian University using the technique of competitive enzyme immunoassay with a set of reagents “Steroid ELISA-triiodothyronine” to quantify the concentration of triiodothyronine in blood serum. Enzyme immunoassay was performed on a Thermo Scientific Multiskan FC analyser. In pig breeding, the content of heavy metals in water, soil, feed, organs and tissues was constantly monitored. The concentration of chemical elements did not exceed the MPC level. Statistical processing of experimental data was carried out using standard methods of descriptive statistics and the statistical programming language or data analysis environment RStudio (using the functions: descrstats, summary, sd, read.table, write. table, aes). The strength of the influence of the genotype of mothers of the Landrace breed on the triiodothyronine content in complete siblings in the conditions of Western Siberia was established, which amounted to 4.6 %. In some mothers’ offspring, the triiodothyronine level was 1.9 and 1.8 times higher than in others. Two clusters of mothers were identified according to the concentration of triiodothyronine in complete siblings, which included three groups of mothers with an average level of 2.26 nmol/l and five groups with the attention of 1.30 nmol/l. The reference limits of the triiodothyronine level in Landrace pigs in the conditions of Western Siberia were established.
{"title":"Influence of mother’s genotype on the concentration and variability of triiodothyro- nine in landrace pigs","authors":"E. Tarasenko, T. Konovalova, L. V. Osadchuk, O. Korotkevich, V. L. Petukhov, O. I. Sebezhko","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2023-69-4-294-303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2023-69-4-294-303","url":null,"abstract":" One of the leading roles in the hormonal system of the body of pigs in terms of functional significance is played by the thyroid gland, which, through the hormone triiodothyronine, has a complex effect on all systems, organs and physiological processes while controlling the metabolism and energy in the animal’s body. The impact of maternal genotype on the concentration and variability of triiodothyronine in complete siblings of Landrace pigs was studied. For the study, blood serum samples were taken from 33 pigs using the vacuum method from the jugular vein. Blood samples were taken according to generally accepted practices. The studies were carried out in the laboratory of the biochemistry of the Novosibirsk State Agrarian University using the technique of competitive enzyme immunoassay with a set of reagents “Steroid ELISA-triiodothyronine” to quantify the concentration of triiodothyronine in blood serum. Enzyme immunoassay was performed on a Thermo Scientific Multiskan FC analyser. In pig breeding, the content of heavy metals in water, soil, feed, organs and tissues was constantly monitored. The concentration of chemical elements did not exceed the MPC level. Statistical processing of experimental data was carried out using standard methods of descriptive statistics and the statistical programming language or data analysis environment RStudio (using the functions: descrstats, summary, sd, read.table, write. table, aes). The strength of the influence of the genotype of mothers of the Landrace breed on the triiodothyronine content in complete siblings in the conditions of Western Siberia was established, which amounted to 4.6 %. In some mothers’ offspring, the triiodothyronine level was 1.9 and 1.8 times higher than in others. Two clusters of mothers were identified according to the concentration of triiodothyronine in complete siblings, which included three groups of mothers with an average level of 2.26 nmol/l and five groups with the attention of 1.30 nmol/l. The reference limits of the triiodothyronine level in Landrace pigs in the conditions of Western Siberia were established.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":" 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139618330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2023-69-4-313-318
A. I. Shevchenko, S. A. Shevchenko, E. Y. Zaborskikh, E. G. Buguev
In the conditions of a scientific and economic experiment in the mid-mountain zone of the Altai Republic, the effect on the growth performance of Simmental calves of the probiotic drug SBT-Lacto and the phytobiotic thyme extract, which were fed to the animals with milk in the first month of their life, was studied. Calves of the 1st experimental group received thyme extract from the 22nd to 42nd days of life, the 2nd group - SBT-Lacto from the 1st to 21st days, and the 3rd experimental group - SBT-Lacto from the 1st day. x to the 21st day and thyme extract from the 22nd to the 42nd day. It was found that the absolute increase in body weight in the 1st experimental group did not significantly exceed the control indicator by 5.20 %; in the 2nd experimental group, the excess was 12.49 % and was significant. The maximum effect was obtained in the 3rd experimental group. The absolute increase in body weight of animals in this group significantly exceeded the control indicator - by 16.92 %. Thus, sequential separate feeding of thyme extract and probiotics to calves had a more pronounced positive effect on their growth. The improvement in growth rates of calves in the experimental groups can be explained by the normalisation of the composition of the intestinal microflora under the influence of the probiotic drug SBT-Lacto and the activation of digestive processes by substances contained in the thyme extract. A synergistic effect was obtained with the combined sequential use of these factors.
{"title":"Probiotic preparation SBT-Lacto and phytobiotic thyme extract as growth stimulants in calves","authors":"A. I. Shevchenko, S. A. Shevchenko, E. Y. Zaborskikh, E. G. Buguev","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2023-69-4-313-318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2023-69-4-313-318","url":null,"abstract":" In the conditions of a scientific and economic experiment in the mid-mountain zone of the Altai Republic, the effect on the growth performance of Simmental calves of the probiotic drug SBT-Lacto and the phytobiotic thyme extract, which were fed to the animals with milk in the first month of their life, was studied. Calves of the 1st experimental group received thyme extract from the 22nd to 42nd days of life, the 2nd group - SBT-Lacto from the 1st to 21st days, and the 3rd experimental group - SBT-Lacto from the 1st day. x to the 21st day and thyme extract from the 22nd to the 42nd day. It was found that the absolute increase in body weight in the 1st experimental group did not significantly exceed the control indicator by 5.20 %; in the 2nd experimental group, the excess was 12.49 % and was significant. The maximum effect was obtained in the 3rd experimental group. The absolute increase in body weight of animals in this group significantly exceeded the control indicator - by 16.92 %. Thus, sequential separate feeding of thyme extract and probiotics to calves had a more pronounced positive effect on their growth. The improvement in growth rates of calves in the experimental groups can be explained by the normalisation of the composition of the intestinal microflora under the influence of the probiotic drug SBT-Lacto and the activation of digestive processes by substances contained in the thyme extract. A synergistic effect was obtained with the combined sequential use of these factors.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139620131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2023-69-4-319-326
F. Jan, V. Afonyushkin, V. Koptev, Y. Novik, L. Ermakova
The work was carried out at the pharmacogenomics laboratory of the Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and in the molecular biology sector of the Siberian Federal Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale DNA was provided by poultry farms of the Republic of Mordovia of the Russian Federation. In affected birds, inflammatory changes were observed in the larynx, upper part of the trachea and infraorbital sinuses, and fibrin clots were observed in the respiratory sacs. Pathological material was subcultured in brain heart broth in the presence of antibiotics. Analysis of subcellular localisation of the OR77 protein was carried out using the SignalP-6.0 method. The immune epitope database (IEDB) was used to search for B-dependent epitopes of the OR77 gene. Primers for cloning were designed, and cloning regions of the OR77 gene containing B-dependent epitopes were simulated by ligating BamHI and HindIII into the polylinker of the shuttle vector pBE-S. Experiments were carried out to clone the active epitope sequence of the O. rhinotracheale OR77 protein in Bacillus subtilis and use it orally to identify immune activity and other possible adverse reactions. Nucleotide sequence analysis was performed using the UniproUGENEv program. The amplification procedure was carried out. The prospect of the possible synthesis of a new, inexpensive, and effective vaccine against the pathogen O. rhinotracheale is described.
这项工作是在俄罗斯科学院西伯利亚分院化学生物学和基础医学研究所药物基因组学实验室和俄罗斯科学院西伯利亚联邦农业生物技术科学中心分子生物学部门进行的。犀牛鸟杆菌 DNA 由俄罗斯联邦莫尔多维亚共和国的家禽养殖场提供。在患病禽类的喉部、气管上部和眶下窦观察到炎症变化，在呼吸囊中观察到纤维蛋白凝块。病理材料在有抗生素存在的脑心肉汤中进行亚培养。使用 SignalP-6.0 方法对 OR77 蛋白的亚细胞定位进行了分析。免疫表位数据库（IEDB）用于搜索 OR77 基因的 B 依赖性表位。设计了用于克隆的引物，并通过将 BamHI 和 HindIII 连接到穿梭载体 pBE-S 的多连接体中，模拟了含有 B 依赖性表位的 OR77 基因克隆区。实验在枯草芽孢杆菌中克隆了鼻疽 OR77 蛋白的活性表位序列，并将其用于口服，以确定免疫活性和其他可能的不良反应。核苷酸序列分析使用 UniproUGENEv 程序进行。扩增程序已经完成。描述了可能合成一种新型、廉价且有效的鼻气管炎病原体疫苗的前景。
{"title":"Prospects for the creation of an oral vaccine against ornithobacteriosis of birders","authors":"F. Jan, V. Afonyushkin, V. Koptev, Y. Novik, L. Ermakova","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2023-69-4-319-326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2023-69-4-319-326","url":null,"abstract":" The work was carried out at the pharmacogenomics laboratory of the Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and in the molecular biology sector of the Siberian Federal Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale DNA was provided by poultry farms of the Republic of Mordovia of the Russian Federation. In affected birds, inflammatory changes were observed in the larynx, upper part of the trachea and infraorbital sinuses, and fibrin clots were observed in the respiratory sacs. Pathological material was subcultured in brain heart broth in the presence of antibiotics. Analysis of subcellular localisation of the OR77 protein was carried out using the SignalP-6.0 method. The immune epitope database (IEDB) was used to search for B-dependent epitopes of the OR77 gene. Primers for cloning were designed, and cloning regions of the OR77 gene containing B-dependent epitopes were simulated by ligating BamHI and HindIII into the polylinker of the shuttle vector pBE-S. Experiments were carried out to clone the active epitope sequence of the O. rhinotracheale OR77 protein in Bacillus subtilis and use it orally to identify immune activity and other possible adverse reactions. Nucleotide sequence analysis was performed using the UniproUGENEv program. The amplification procedure was carried out. The prospect of the possible synthesis of a new, inexpensive, and effective vaccine against the pathogen O. rhinotracheale is described.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139618481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2023-69-4-272-285
I. Samsonova, A. Plakhova
An information review of innovative methods for assessing the resources of honey-bearing lands is presented. The relevance and problems of their use are noted. Alternative strategies for determining the resource potential of honey-bearing lands are shown. Scientific methods of identifying honey plants are described: the study of vegetation, analysis of the chemical composition of honey and its properties, the use of drones to survey honey grounds, and the use of artificial intelligence to process large amounts of data about honey grounds. GPS (global positioning system) technologies, which allow accurate geospatial mapping of homelands, are currently the most widespread. The identification of honey plants to improve the food supply is carried out by various methods: floral analysis of vegetation, pollen analysis, informational analysis of vegetation, and observation of the behaviour of bees in hives. New techniques for determining the land’s honey reserves and the flowering intensity of honey plants are presented: collecting nectar samples and sugar content in nectar, which helps collect data on nectar productivity and nectar quality with greater accuracy and efficiency. RFID tags are widely used for producing and managing honey stocks, monitoring the condition of hives, and determining bee colonies’ productivity. Thanks to advances in technology and scientific research, many new approaches allow for more accurate and efficient selection of resource aspects of honey lands.
{"title":"Modern methods of assess- ing the resources of honeylands","authors":"I. Samsonova, A. Plakhova","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2023-69-4-272-285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2023-69-4-272-285","url":null,"abstract":" An information review of innovative methods for assessing the resources of honey-bearing lands is presented. The relevance and problems of their use are noted. Alternative strategies for determining the resource potential of honey-bearing lands are shown. Scientific methods of identifying honey plants are described: the study of vegetation, analysis of the chemical composition of honey and its properties, the use of drones to survey honey grounds, and the use of artificial intelligence to process large amounts of data about honey grounds. GPS (global positioning system) technologies, which allow accurate geospatial mapping of homelands, are currently the most widespread. The identification of honey plants to improve the food supply is carried out by various methods: floral analysis of vegetation, pollen analysis, informational analysis of vegetation, and observation of the behaviour of bees in hives. New techniques for determining the land’s honey reserves and the flowering intensity of honey plants are presented: collecting nectar samples and sugar content in nectar, which helps collect data on nectar productivity and nectar quality with greater accuracy and efficiency. RFID tags are widely used for producing and managing honey stocks, monitoring the condition of hives, and determining bee colonies’ productivity. Thanks to advances in technology and scientific research, many new approaches allow for more accurate and efficient selection of resource aspects of honey lands.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139619033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2023-69-4-327-333
A. S. Donchenko, S. A. Papkov, E. V. Rudoy
The article analyses deep agrarian transformations in Russia in the early 1920s. With the participation of the People’s Commissariat of Agriculture and its people’s commissars - V. G. Yakovenko and A. P. Smirnova. An explanation is given for revising the Bolshevik model of Russian development in 1921, expressed in the transition to the NEP as a policy of partial “retreat to state capitalism.” Economic priorities and the main elements of the new agricultural policy are noted: allowing trade and financial freedom for peasants, restoring money circulation, diversity of forms of land use in the countryside, renting land, and using hired labour while maintaining a state monopoly on land. In the context of the ongoing transformations, the participation of the People’s Commissars of Agriculture and their role and influence in restoring Russian agriculture in the search for effective ways to develop the industry is considered. The most important facts of the personal biography of the People’s Commissars are reproduced. Against the backdrop of the consistent implementation of NEP in agriculture, there are also relapses from the Civil War era in the form of the final destruction of large landowner farms. Despite this, on the eve of the completion of the restoration process and the victory of the collectivisation course, the People’s Commissariat of Agriculture supported state support for individual solid farms and their cooperation. It advocated the exclusion of administrative measures concerning the peasantry.
文章分析了 20 世纪 20 年代初俄罗斯深刻的农业变革。农业人民委员会及其人民委员--V.G. Yakovenko 和 A. P. Smirnova。对 1921 年修改布尔什维克的俄罗斯发展模式做出了解释，该模式在向新经济政策过渡时被表述为部分 "退回到国家资本主义 "的政策。报告指出了新农业政策的经济优先事项和主要内容：允许农民贸易和金融自由、恢复货币流通、农村土地使用形式的多样性、土地租赁、使用雇佣劳动，同时保持国家对土地的垄断。在当前变革的背景下，考虑了农业人民委员的参与及其在恢复俄罗斯农业、寻求有效的农业发展途径方面的作用和影响。文中再现了人民委员个人传记中最重要的事实。在农业始终如一地执行新经济政策的背景下，也出现了内战时期的倒退，即大地主农场最终被摧毁。尽管如此，在完成恢复进程和集体化进程取得胜利的前夕，农业人民委员 会还是支持国家对个体实体农场及其合作的支持。它主张排除与农民有关的行政措施。
{"title":"People’s commissars of agriculture of the RSFSR in the era of the new eco- nomic policy (1921-1928)","authors":"A. S. Donchenko, S. A. Papkov, E. V. Rudoy","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2023-69-4-327-333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2023-69-4-327-333","url":null,"abstract":" The article analyses deep agrarian transformations in Russia in the early 1920s. With the participation of the People’s Commissariat of Agriculture and its people’s commissars - V. G. Yakovenko and A. P. Smirnova. An explanation is given for revising the Bolshevik model of Russian development in 1921, expressed in the transition to the NEP as a policy of partial “retreat to state capitalism.” Economic priorities and the main elements of the new agricultural policy are noted: allowing trade and financial freedom for peasants, restoring money circulation, diversity of forms of land use in the countryside, renting land, and using hired labour while maintaining a state monopoly on land. In the context of the ongoing transformations, the participation of the People’s Commissars of Agriculture and their role and influence in restoring Russian agriculture in the search for effective ways to develop the industry is considered. The most important facts of the personal biography of the People’s Commissars are reproduced. Against the backdrop of the consistent implementation of NEP in agriculture, there are also relapses from the Civil War era in the form of the final destruction of large landowner farms. Despite this, on the eve of the completion of the restoration process and the victory of the collectivisation course, the People’s Commissariat of Agriculture supported state support for individual solid farms and their cooperation. It advocated the exclusion of administrative measures concerning the peasantry.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":" 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139619132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2023-69-4-186-193
E. A. Kishnyaykina, K. V. Zhuchaev, Yu. V. Knyazeva, V. A. Soloshenko, V. I. Ermolaev
The research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of using the Mustala adsorbent in feeding chickens of the parent flock of the Ross 308 cross. The work was carried out at an enterprise for raising a broiler parent flock. A control and experimental group of hens of the parent flock of the Ross 308 cross were formed at the age of 40 weeks (in the control group - 9303 heads, in the experimental group - 9278) with floor housing. The birds in the experimental group were fed Mustal adsorbent at a dose of 1.5 kg/t of feed; the drug was not included in the diet of the birds in the control group. During the growing period, the leading zootechnical indicators were determined: gross harvest, hatching harvest, number of commercial chickens, and safety, which were calculated according to generally accepted methods in poultry farming. It was found that the birds of the experimental group exceeded the control group in terms of the gross number of eggs and the yield of hatching eggs by 0.24 and 0.20 %, respectively. Mustala adsorbent made it possible to increase the yield of commercial chickens by 0.8 % and increase safety in the experimental group by 0.02 %. Profit from product sales in the experimental group is 2.21 % higher than in the control group.
{"title":"Influence of adsorbent on the productive qualities of Ross 308 parent flock chickens","authors":"E. A. Kishnyaykina, K. V. Zhuchaev, Yu. V. Knyazeva, V. A. Soloshenko, V. I. Ermolaev","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2023-69-4-186-193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2023-69-4-186-193","url":null,"abstract":" The research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of using the Mustala adsorbent in feeding chickens of the parent flock of the Ross 308 cross. The work was carried out at an enterprise for raising a broiler parent flock. A control and experimental group of hens of the parent flock of the Ross 308 cross were formed at the age of 40 weeks (in the control group - 9303 heads, in the experimental group - 9278) with floor housing. The birds in the experimental group were fed Mustal adsorbent at a dose of 1.5 kg/t of feed; the drug was not included in the diet of the birds in the control group. During the growing period, the leading zootechnical indicators were determined: gross harvest, hatching harvest, number of commercial chickens, and safety, which were calculated according to generally accepted methods in poultry farming. It was found that the birds of the experimental group exceeded the control group in terms of the gross number of eggs and the yield of hatching eggs by 0.24 and 0.20 %, respectively. Mustala adsorbent made it possible to increase the yield of commercial chickens by 0.8 % and increase safety in the experimental group by 0.02 %. Profit from product sales in the experimental group is 2.21 % higher than in the control group.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"21 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139529367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2023-69-4-201-212
E. P. Krasnolobova, S. Veremeeva, S. V. Kozlova, N. A. Cheremenina, N. Tatarnikova, I. M. Milshtein
Consideration and analysis of diseases of wild bird species is complicated, especially those listed in the Red Book. This work aimed to identify the pathomorphological features of the manifestation of aspergillosis in the mute swan and to assess the impact of this disease on the microbiocenosis of the lungs and the morphological structure of organs without cavities. The scientific work was conducted at the Department of Anatomy and Physiology of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals. The object of study was the internal organs of a mute swan delivered for a post-mortem autopsy to determine the cause of death of the bird. All internal organs were examined pathoanatomically, and morphometry was performed and carried out bacteriological and mycological studies of the lungs according to traditional methods in microbiological practice. Histological study of such internal organs as the liver, kidneys and spleen was carried out using the generally accepted method. As a result of the analyses, it was established that a characteristic feature of the pathomorphological manifestation of aspergillosis was a topical lesion of the respiratory system with the formation of multiple tumour-like foci of two types in the lungs anddestructive changes in the structure of the tissue of the liver, kidneys and spleen. Congestive venous hyperemia is expressed in all organs, which indicates chronic heart failure. In the liver and kidneys, there are pronounced signs of tissue necrosis, which is a sign of the toxic effects of this disease on the body. In the spleen of the mute swan, the growth of red pulp may indicate an increase in the functioning of the immune system in this pathology. Five types of microorganisms from different subkingdoms were isolated from the mute swan’s lungs. Taking into account the peculiarities of the development of pathological changes and the degree of priority of one or another type of microorganism in the formation of lung pathology in birds, it has been established that Aspergillus fumigatus is the leading pathogen in the development of pathological changes in the lungs of the mute swan.
{"title":"Pathomorphological changes in the organs in aspergillosis in the shouter swan (clinical case)","authors":"E. P. Krasnolobova, S. Veremeeva, S. V. Kozlova, N. A. Cheremenina, N. Tatarnikova, I. M. Milshtein","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2023-69-4-201-212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2023-69-4-201-212","url":null,"abstract":" Consideration and analysis of diseases of wild bird species is complicated, especially those listed in the Red Book. This work aimed to identify the pathomorphological features of the manifestation of aspergillosis in the mute swan and to assess the impact of this disease on the microbiocenosis of the lungs and the morphological structure of organs without cavities. The scientific work was conducted at the Department of Anatomy and Physiology of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals. The object of study was the internal organs of a mute swan delivered for a post-mortem autopsy to determine the cause of death of the bird. All internal organs were examined pathoanatomically, and morphometry was performed and carried out bacteriological and mycological studies of the lungs according to traditional methods in microbiological practice. Histological study of such internal organs as the liver, kidneys and spleen was carried out using the generally accepted method. As a result of the analyses, it was established that a characteristic feature of the pathomorphological manifestation of aspergillosis was a topical lesion of the respiratory system with the formation of multiple tumour-like foci of two types in the lungs anddestructive changes in the structure of the tissue of the liver, kidneys and spleen. Congestive venous hyperemia is expressed in all organs, which indicates chronic heart failure. In the liver and kidneys, there are pronounced signs of tissue necrosis, which is a sign of the toxic effects of this disease on the body. In the spleen of the mute swan, the growth of red pulp may indicate an increase in the functioning of the immune system in this pathology. Five types of microorganisms from different subkingdoms were isolated from the mute swan’s lungs. Taking into account the peculiarities of the development of pathological changes and the degree of priority of one or another type of microorganism in the formation of lung pathology in birds, it has been established that Aspergillus fumigatus is the leading pathogen in the development of pathological changes in the lungs of the mute swan.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"23 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139529051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-15DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2023-69-4-173-185
O. Zayko, T. Konovalova, O. Korotkevich, V. L. Petukhov, O. I. Sebezhko, E. E. Glushchenko
The results of a study of copper levels in the skeletal muscles of cattle, sheep, pigs and yaks, carried out on clinically healthy animals raised in the Siberian region, are presented. The living conditions of the animals corresponded to the standard ones depending on the species. Elemental analysis of muscle tissue samples was performed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectral analysis. Data processing was done using Microsoft Office Excel and the R programming language in the data analysis environment RStudio version 2023.03.1 (RStudio, PBC). In most cases, the distribution did not correspond to normal, and the variances were not homogeneous. Based on the average value and median, a descending ranked series of copper content in tissue was established: cattle < yaks < sheep < pigs, in numerical terms based on the median: 1.57: 1.29: 1.02: 1.0. The medians for copper in cattle, yaks, sheep and pigs were 1.40; 1.15; 0.024; 0.91; 0.89 mg/kg, respectively, reference intervals are 0.40–2.13, 0.30–2.16, 0.39–1.43 and 0.28–1.47 mg/kg. The most significant range of variability,based on the standard deviation and the ratio of extreme variants, is characteristic of cattle. Based on the Kruskal-Walli’s test, muscle copper accumulation differed significantly between species (H = 18.277, df = 3, p < 0.001). Pairwise comparison showed significant differences in the pairs “cattle – pigs”, “cattle – sheep” and “pigs – yaks”. Two clusters were identified based on the similarity of copper accumulation: cattle - yaks and sheep - pigs. The results can serve as an approximate physiological norm for the concentration of copper in the skeletal muscles of animals of different species and confirm the genotype’s influence on the organism’s cumulative abilities.
{"title":"Interspecific features of copper accumulation and variability in the skeletal muscle of farm animals","authors":"O. Zayko, T. Konovalova, O. Korotkevich, V. L. Petukhov, O. I. Sebezhko, E. E. Glushchenko","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2023-69-4-173-185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2023-69-4-173-185","url":null,"abstract":" The results of a study of copper levels in the skeletal muscles of cattle, sheep, pigs and yaks, carried out on clinically healthy animals raised in the Siberian region, are presented. The living conditions of the animals corresponded to the standard ones depending on the species. Elemental analysis of muscle tissue samples was performed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectral analysis. Data processing was done using Microsoft Office Excel and the R programming language in the data analysis environment RStudio version 2023.03.1 (RStudio, PBC). In most cases, the distribution did not correspond to normal, and the variances were not homogeneous. Based on the average value and median, a descending ranked series of copper content in tissue was established: cattle < yaks < sheep < pigs, in numerical terms based on the median: 1.57: 1.29: 1.02: 1.0. The medians for copper in cattle, yaks, sheep and pigs were 1.40; 1.15; 0.024; 0.91; 0.89 mg/kg, respectively, reference intervals are 0.40–2.13, 0.30–2.16, 0.39–1.43 and 0.28–1.47 mg/kg. The most significant range of variability,based on the standard deviation and the ratio of extreme variants, is characteristic of cattle. Based on the Kruskal-Walli’s test, muscle copper accumulation differed significantly between species (H = 18.277, df = 3, p < 0.001). Pairwise comparison showed significant differences in the pairs “cattle – pigs”, “cattle – sheep” and “pigs – yaks”. Two clusters were identified based on the similarity of copper accumulation: cattle - yaks and sheep - pigs. The results can serve as an approximate physiological norm for the concentration of copper in the skeletal muscles of animals of different species and confirm the genotype’s influence on the organism’s cumulative abilities.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"26 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139529299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：