Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-204-211
A. Krivoruchko, A. Kanibolotskaya, A. Skokova, O. Yatsyk, P. Sheludko
Identification of candidate genes and genetic markers associated with meat productivity in sheep using genome-wide association searches (genome-wide association studies, GWAS) is a promising area of genetic research. We conducted a genome-wide search for associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with thicker fat in the lumbar region in Russian beef Merino sheep. The object of the study was rams aged 12 months (n = 50). Fat density is achieved at the 1st–2nd lumbar spine level using a portable ultrasound scanner. Animal genotyping was done using Ovine Infinium HD BeadChip 600K DNA biochips. As a result of GWAS, 14 SNPs belonging to the trait “fat thickness” were identified in sheep of the Russian meat Merino breed. Most SNPs were located in the intergenic space. One SNP is localized in the exon, and two - in the intron of genes. Three substitutions are near the small nuclear RNA gene and one near the non-coding RNA gene. Based on the analyzed SNPs in the genome, five new candidate genes were proposed that are associated with growth in the lumbar region in Russian beef Merino sheep: KCNH8, MTERF4, RYBP, NDST3, ENSOARG00000004203. The study’s goal should be to study the structure of these genes for the mechanism of their action on animal phenotypes, and the identified SNPs can be used as new molecular markers in breeding work.
利用全基因组关联搜索（全基因组关联研究，GWAS）鉴定与绵羊肉产量相关的候选基因和遗传标记是一个前景广阔的遗传研究领域。我们对俄罗斯肉用美利奴羊腰部脂肪较厚与单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）的相关性进行了全基因组搜索。研究对象是 12 月龄的公羊（n = 50）。使用便携式超声波扫描仪在第1-2腰椎水平测量脂肪密度。使用 Ovine Infinium HD BeadChip 600K DNA 生物芯片对动物进行基因分型。GWAS 的结果是，在俄罗斯肉用美利奴羊中发现了属于 "脂肪厚度 "性状的 14 个 SNPs。大多数 SNP 位于基因间空间。一个 SNP 位于基因外显子，两个 SNP 位于基因内含子。三个置换位于小核 RNA 基因附近，一个位于非编码 RNA 基因附近。根据所分析的基因组中的 SNPs，提出了五个与俄罗斯肉用美利奴羊腰部生长有关的新候选基因：KCNH8、MTERF4、RYBP、NDST3、ENSOARG00000004203。该研究的目标应是研究这些基因的结构，以了解它们对动物表型的作用机制，而鉴定出的 SNPs 可用作育种工作中的新分子标记。
{"title":"New candidate genes associated with fat thickness in russian meat merino sheep","authors":"A. Krivoruchko, A. Kanibolotskaya, A. Skokova, O. Yatsyk, P. Sheludko","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-204-211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-204-211","url":null,"abstract":"Identification of candidate genes and genetic markers associated with meat productivity in sheep using genome-wide association searches (genome-wide association studies, GWAS) is a promising area of genetic research. We conducted a genome-wide search for associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with thicker fat in the lumbar region in Russian beef Merino sheep. The object of the study was rams aged 12 months (n = 50). Fat density is achieved at the 1st–2nd lumbar spine level using a portable ultrasound scanner. Animal genotyping was done using Ovine Infinium HD BeadChip 600K DNA biochips. As a result of GWAS, 14 SNPs belonging to the trait “fat thickness” were identified in sheep of the Russian meat Merino breed. Most SNPs were located in the intergenic space. One SNP is localized in the exon, and two - in the intron of genes. Three substitutions are near the small nuclear RNA gene and one near the non-coding RNA gene. Based on the analyzed SNPs in the genome, five new candidate genes were proposed that are associated with growth in the lumbar region in Russian beef Merino sheep: KCNH8, MTERF4, RYBP, NDST3, ENSOARG00000004203. The study’s goal should be to study the structure of these genes for the mechanism of their action on animal phenotypes, and the identified SNPs can be used as new molecular markers in breeding work.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"71 s297","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140693989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-178-184
N. A. Yakunina, N. A. Pololzukhina, Y. Parshutkin
The experimental part of the work was carried out based on the seed production department of the Omsk Agrarian Research Center in 2020-2022. Breeding lines of spring soft wheat were represented by three ripeness groups: mid-early – G 6/17, G 8/17, G 10/17; mid-season - G 7/17, G 15/17, G 16/17 and mid-late - G 11/17, G 14/17, G 17/17. The varieties Pamyati Azieva, Duet, and Element 22 were standard. A complex system of indices was used to evaluate the samples for drought resistance, based on comparison of yields under stressful and favorable conditions. The most common indices were calculated: average productivity (MP), endurance index (TOL), yield stability index (YSI), drought resistance index (DI), and stress intolerance index (STI). The total rank score for all indices was calculated. Based on estimating a set of drought resistance indices, five samples with the highest number of points were identified: G 6/17, G 7/17, G10/17, G 11/17, and G 15/17, which can be used in further selection. The calculation of correlation coefficients revealed a high positive relationship between average productivity and the stress tolerance index (0.99), as well as the yield stability index (0.73), between the endurance index and the drought resistance index (0.89). A close positive relationship was also established between the stability and stress tolerance indexes (0.76), indicating a relatively high reliability.
2020-2022 年，在鄂木斯克农业研究中心种子生产部的基础上开展了试验工作。春软麦育种品系分为三个成熟度组：早熟中期 - G 6/17、G 8/17、G 10/17；中熟 - G 7/17、G 15/17、G 16/17；晚熟中期 - G 11/17、G 14/17、G 17/17。Pamyati Azieva、Duet 和 Element 22 是标准品种。根据压力和有利条件下的产量比较，采用了一套复杂的指数系统来评估样品的抗旱性。最常用的指数包括：平均生产力（MP）、耐力指数（TOL）、产量稳定指数（YSI）、抗旱指数（DI）和不耐压指数（STI）。计算所有指数的总排名得分。在估算抗旱指数的基础上，确定了五个得分最高的样本：G 6/17、G 7/17、G 10/17、G 11/17 和 G 15/17，可用于进一步筛选。相关系数的计算表明，平均生产力与抗逆性指数（0.99）、产量稳定性指数（0.73）、耐力指数与抗旱性指数（0.89）之间存在高度正相关。稳定性指数和抗逆性指数之间也建立了密切的正相关关系（0.76），表明可靠性相对较高。
{"title":"Assessment of spring broad wheat varieties and lines for drought resistance in the conditions of the southern foreststeppe of Western Siberia using drought resistance indices","authors":"N. A. Yakunina, N. A. Pololzukhina, Y. Parshutkin","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-178-184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-178-184","url":null,"abstract":"The experimental part of the work was carried out based on the seed production department of the Omsk Agrarian Research Center in 2020-2022. Breeding lines of spring soft wheat were represented by three ripeness groups: mid-early – G 6/17, G 8/17, G 10/17; mid-season - G 7/17, G 15/17, G 16/17 and mid-late - G 11/17, G 14/17, G 17/17. The varieties Pamyati Azieva, Duet, and Element 22 were standard. A complex system of indices was used to evaluate the samples for drought resistance, based on comparison of yields under stressful and favorable conditions. The most common indices were calculated: average productivity (MP), endurance index (TOL), yield stability index (YSI), drought resistance index (DI), and stress intolerance index (STI). The total rank score for all indices was calculated. Based on estimating a set of drought resistance indices, five samples with the highest number of points were identified: G 6/17, G 7/17, G10/17, G 11/17, and G 15/17, which can be used in further selection. The calculation of correlation coefficients revealed a high positive relationship between average productivity and the stress tolerance index (0.99), as well as the yield stability index (0.73), between the endurance index and the drought resistance index (0.89). A close positive relationship was also established between the stability and stress tolerance indexes (0.76), indicating a relatively high reliability.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140693233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-130-139
E. N. Pryadilshchikova, V. V. Vakhrusheva, O. O. Chernysheva
Scientific research was carried out on the experimental field of the North-Western Research Institute of Dairy and Grassland Farming, a separate division of the Voluntary Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, located in the village of Dityatevo, Vologda Region. The soil of the experimental plot is soddy-podzolic and moderately cultivated. Pasture is a cheap and accessible food source for herbivores; it solves the problems of survival in crisis ecological, economic, and atypical climatic conditions. Pasture farming has significant animal health benefits, allowing them to consume desirable grass species. In the Russian Federation, pastures occupy about 30% of the area of agricultural land, and in the Vologda region, they occupy 13.3% (145.3 thousand hectares). The article describes ten years of research on the creation of pastures based on traditional and rare perennial grasses. In the composition of pasture grass stands, we studied cereal grasses (meadow timothy grass Vologda local and Leningradskaya 204, meadow fescue Sverdlovskaya 37, festulolium Allegro, perennial ryegrass VIK-66, awnless brome SibNIISKhoz-189, meadow bluegrass Limagi and Dar) and legumes (eastern goat’s rue Krivich, Lyad crown horned Solnyshko, meadow clover Carmine and Dymkovsky, creeping clover Belogorsky and Lugovik). Cereal and legume-cereal grass stands on average for 2011–2015. provided yields from 1.3 to 5.3 t/ha, metabolic energy output – 12.6–52.5 GJ/ha, and crude protein content ranging from 10.3 to 15.6% per 1 kg of dry matter; in 2017–2021, these figures were 2.3–8.4 t/ha, 23.4–87.6 GJ/ha, 13.4–18.9%, respectively.
{"title":"Productive grass stands of pasture use for conditions of the Vologda region","authors":"E. N. Pryadilshchikova, V. V. Vakhrusheva, O. O. Chernysheva","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-130-139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-130-139","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific research was carried out on the experimental field of the North-Western Research Institute of Dairy and Grassland Farming, a separate division of the Voluntary Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, located in the village of Dityatevo, Vologda Region. The soil of the experimental plot is soddy-podzolic and moderately cultivated. Pasture is a cheap and accessible food source for herbivores; it solves the problems of survival in crisis ecological, economic, and atypical climatic conditions. Pasture farming has significant animal health benefits, allowing them to consume desirable grass species. In the Russian Federation, pastures occupy about 30% of the area of agricultural land, and in the Vologda region, they occupy 13.3% (145.3 thousand hectares). The article describes ten years of research on the creation of pastures based on traditional and rare perennial grasses. In the composition of pasture grass stands, we studied cereal grasses (meadow timothy grass Vologda local and Leningradskaya 204, meadow fescue Sverdlovskaya 37, festulolium Allegro, perennial ryegrass VIK-66, awnless brome SibNIISKhoz-189, meadow bluegrass Limagi and Dar) and legumes (eastern goat’s rue Krivich, Lyad crown horned Solnyshko, meadow clover Carmine and Dymkovsky, creeping clover Belogorsky and Lugovik). Cereal and legume-cereal grass stands on average for 2011–2015. provided yields from 1.3 to 5.3 t/ha, metabolic energy output – 12.6–52.5 GJ/ha, and crude protein content ranging from 10.3 to 15.6% per 1 kg of dry matter; in 2017–2021, these figures were 2.3–8.4 t/ha, 23.4–87.6 GJ/ha, 13.4–18.9%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"74 S10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140693850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-246-252
A. V. Pavlov, E. Y. Smertina, N. N. Gorb
The research was carried out at the laboratory of reproduction and adaptation of farm animals of the Siberian Federal Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SFSC RAS). Photodynamic therapy makes it possible to locally activate the photosensitizer concentrated in the tumor or tube with visible light, which leads to a photochemical reaction that destroys tumor cells and tumors in the development of the disease. A design has been developed, and a laboratory sample of a device for irradiating photosensitizers and conducting photodynamic therapy has been created. The device can be used for experimental work in biology, veterinary medicine, and medicine to study the effectiveness of photosensitizers and the therapeutic effects of photosensitizers in diseases, including those caused by opportunistic microflora. The device can be used to carry out work on photodynamic therapy both in laboratory and field conditions by irradiating biological objects that have previously been exposed to photosensitizers due to the device’s ability to generate optical monochrome radiation with wavelengths of 660, 610, 430, and 395 nm with the ability to adjust the power of optical radiation and its modulation with a frequency in the range from 0 to 25000 Hz, which allows the use of a wide range of photosensitizers. The technical solution of the device for irradiating photosensitizers and conducting photodynamic therapy is protected by copyright - utility model patent No. 191736 U1 Russian Federation, IPC A61N 5/06.
{"title":"Development of a device for photodynamic therapy","authors":"A. V. Pavlov, E. Y. Smertina, N. N. Gorb","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-246-252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-246-252","url":null,"abstract":"The research was carried out at the laboratory of reproduction and adaptation of farm animals of the Siberian Federal Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SFSC RAS). Photodynamic therapy makes it possible to locally activate the photosensitizer concentrated in the tumor or tube with visible light, which leads to a photochemical reaction that destroys tumor cells and tumors in the development of the disease. A design has been developed, and a laboratory sample of a device for irradiating photosensitizers and conducting photodynamic therapy has been created. The device can be used for experimental work in biology, veterinary medicine, and medicine to study the effectiveness of photosensitizers and the therapeutic effects of photosensitizers in diseases, including those caused by opportunistic microflora. The device can be used to carry out work on photodynamic therapy both in laboratory and field conditions by irradiating biological objects that have previously been exposed to photosensitizers due to the device’s ability to generate optical monochrome radiation with wavelengths of 660, 610, 430, and 395 nm with the ability to adjust the power of optical radiation and its modulation with a frequency in the range from 0 to 25000 Hz, which allows the use of a wide range of photosensitizers. The technical solution of the device for irradiating photosensitizers and conducting photodynamic therapy is protected by copyright - utility model patent No. 191736 U1 Russian Federation, IPC A61N 5/06.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":" 59","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140692006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-237-245
N. N. Novikova, N. A. Kosareva
Data are presented on the effect of hay from mixtures of sweet sorghum plants Galiya 85% with Siberian fodder beans 15%, preserved with the probiotic preparation Microbiovit Enisey at a dilution of 1: 100, according to consistent indicators of fattening bulls. Research based on the branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center” RPF (Research and Production Farm) “Omsk” on 6-9-month-old fattening bulls in the amount of 18 heads, divided into three groups of 6 animals: a control and two experimental ones, in the diet of which silage with a preservative, was prepared. And without it. The diet is designed by age and live weight. Feed intake daily. In the comparative period, appetite and feed intake were the same in all groups – 80%. During the transition period, in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups, appetite and palatability remained at the same level, and in the control group, palatability increased by 10%. During the main period in the control group, feed intake remained at the same level - 90%, and in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups, it increased to 100%. As a result of complex studies of feces and biochemistry of blood serum, the following conclusions were made on the leading indicators: indicators of enzymatic (AST, ALT), mineral (Ca, P, Mg), and carbohydrate (glucose) metabolism, substances within normal limits for all groups, alkaline level. Phosphatase was higher than usual, which indicated increased growth of animals. The indicators of protein metabolism, total protein, and creatinine at the end of the main experiment were higher than in the equalization and transition periods; the urea content was at the average normal limits in all main groups. The organoleptic scatological examination and the biochemistry of feces show that the digestive processes of all the animals provided are not impaired. It was noted that bull calves that ate strength preserved by Microbiovit Yenisei had no indigestible fiber due to better digestion.
{"title":"Influence of silage preserved by Yenisey microbiovital on the physiological indicators of cells","authors":"N. N. Novikova, N. A. Kosareva","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-237-245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-237-245","url":null,"abstract":"Data are presented on the effect of hay from mixtures of sweet sorghum plants Galiya 85% with Siberian fodder beans 15%, preserved with the probiotic preparation Microbiovit Enisey at a dilution of 1: 100, according to consistent indicators of fattening bulls. Research based on the branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center” RPF (Research and Production Farm) “Omsk” on 6-9-month-old fattening bulls in the amount of 18 heads, divided into three groups of 6 animals: a control and two experimental ones, in the diet of which silage with a preservative, was prepared. And without it. The diet is designed by age and live weight. Feed intake daily. In the comparative period, appetite and feed intake were the same in all groups – 80%. During the transition period, in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups, appetite and palatability remained at the same level, and in the control group, palatability increased by 10%. During the main period in the control group, feed intake remained at the same level - 90%, and in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups, it increased to 100%. As a result of complex studies of feces and biochemistry of blood serum, the following conclusions were made on the leading indicators: indicators of enzymatic (AST, ALT), mineral (Ca, P, Mg), and carbohydrate (glucose) metabolism, substances within normal limits for all groups, alkaline level. Phosphatase was higher than usual, which indicated increased growth of animals. The indicators of protein metabolism, total protein, and creatinine at the end of the main experiment were higher than in the equalization and transition periods; the urea content was at the average normal limits in all main groups. The organoleptic scatological examination and the biochemistry of feces show that the digestive processes of all the animals provided are not impaired. It was noted that bull calves that ate strength preserved by Microbiovit Yenisei had no indigestible fiber due to better digestion.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":" 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140692431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-169-177
O. Yusova, P. Nikolaev, S. V. Vasyukevich
The variety is the primary means of production, providing consistently high yields with increased grain quality. Breeding work on oats in Siberia began in 1913. During 100 years of breeding work, more than 20 varieties of spring oats were created at the Omsk ARC. The research aims to characterize the new promising spring oat variety Irtysh 33. Research data from 2016–2022 are presented. Optimal conditions for moisture availability were observed in 2016 and 2019. (GTC 0.99 and 1.10); excessive moisture was noted in 2018; dry conditions – in 2017, 2020–2022. (GTC 0.58–0.77). A new promising variety of spring oats, Irtysh 33, is of the mid-season group and is resistant to lodging, drought, dust, and smut. Panicle semi-compressed, light yellow; panicle grain size 64 grains; grain of long-film type, white; spine is average; The awns are weakly expressed, slightly curved, and yellow. On average, during the research period, the new promising spring oat variety Irtysh 33 was characterized as high-yielding (+0.2 t/ha to the standard) with increased grain size (+3.7 g). Due to a significant increase in the standard for the leading indicators of grain quality (+0.7% in mass fraction of protein), (+0.9% in starch), (+0.5% in crude fat), there is an increased collection of nutrients from units of area about the standard: +0.05 t/ha of protein, +0.1 t/ha of starch and +0.02 t/ha of crude fat. The Irtysh 33 variety combines stability and plasticity in terms of protein mass fraction (bi>1 and <1) and refers to intensive (bi>1) in terms of protein and starch content of the grain. Stable (<1) protein content, crude fat, grain filminess, and yield. The variety has been included in the State Register of the Russian Federation since 2022 and is approved for use in the West Siberian (10) and East Siberian (11) regions.
{"title":"New highquality spring oats variety Irtysh 33","authors":"O. Yusova, P. Nikolaev, S. V. Vasyukevich","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-169-177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-169-177","url":null,"abstract":"The variety is the primary means of production, providing consistently high yields with increased grain quality. Breeding work on oats in Siberia began in 1913. During 100 years of breeding work, more than 20 varieties of spring oats were created at the Omsk ARC. The research aims to characterize the new promising spring oat variety Irtysh 33. Research data from 2016–2022 are presented. Optimal conditions for moisture availability were observed in 2016 and 2019. (GTC 0.99 and 1.10); excessive moisture was noted in 2018; dry conditions – in 2017, 2020–2022. (GTC 0.58–0.77). A new promising variety of spring oats, Irtysh 33, is of the mid-season group and is resistant to lodging, drought, dust, and smut. Panicle semi-compressed, light yellow; panicle grain size 64 grains; grain of long-film type, white; spine is average; The awns are weakly expressed, slightly curved, and yellow. On average, during the research period, the new promising spring oat variety Irtysh 33 was characterized as high-yielding (+0.2 t/ha to the standard) with increased grain size (+3.7 g). Due to a significant increase in the standard for the leading indicators of grain quality (+0.7% in mass fraction of protein), (+0.9% in starch), (+0.5% in crude fat), there is an increased collection of nutrients from units of area about the standard: +0.05 t/ha of protein, +0.1 t/ha of starch and +0.02 t/ha of crude fat. The Irtysh 33 variety combines stability and plasticity in terms of protein mass fraction (bi>1 and <1) and refers to intensive (bi>1) in terms of protein and starch content of the grain. Stable (<1) protein content, crude fat, grain filminess, and yield. The variety has been included in the State Register of the Russian Federation since 2022 and is approved for use in the West Siberian (10) and East Siberian (11) regions.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"112 s1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140693459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-212-218
O. O. Manakova, T. A. Yanchenko, V. S. Vlasenko
The results of testing experimental samples of brucellosis antigens as an operator when performing a stimulated activated cell test with nitroblue tetrazolium in vitro are presented. Experimental samples of brucellosis preparations from Brucella strains with different antigenic structures were used in laboratory conditions. Experimental studies were carried out on guinea pigs immunized with Brucella’s R-strain. The activity and specificity of additional samples and the optimal concentration providing the stimulating potential of neutrophils in the blood of immunized guinea pigs were determined. At the first stages of the study, it was noted that Brucella disintegrates. Corpuscular antigens in concentrations were 50 and 100 μg/ml, and this did not cause nonspecific activation of neutrophil granulocytes in the NBT test with the blood of intact animals. Subsequently, we studied the immune response dynamics of immunized guinea pigs in the NBT test using experimental samples of brucellosis antigens in optimal concentrations. The biomaterial selection for research was carried out before immunization and on the 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 42nd, 55th, 69th, and 125th day after vaccination. The stimulation coefficient was calculated as the ratio of the induced level of cellular activity to the spontaneous one. It was found that the maximum level of specific activation of neutrophils in the NBT test is characteristic exclusively on the 28th day, corresponding to the peak synthesis of agglutinating and complement-fixing antibodies in serological reactions. The data obtained from the experiment allow us to conclude that it is possible to use experimental samples of brucellosis antigens as a stimulant when performing an NBT test with the Foundation for determining the immune control of cellular restructuring of the body during the formation of the response.
{"title":"Testing of experimental brucellosis antigens in a stimulated cell test with nitroblue tetrazolium","authors":"O. O. Manakova, T. A. Yanchenko, V. S. Vlasenko","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-212-218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-212-218","url":null,"abstract":"The results of testing experimental samples of brucellosis antigens as an operator when performing a stimulated activated cell test with nitroblue tetrazolium in vitro are presented. Experimental samples of brucellosis preparations from Brucella strains with different antigenic structures were used in laboratory conditions. Experimental studies were carried out on guinea pigs immunized with Brucella’s R-strain. The activity and specificity of additional samples and the optimal concentration providing the stimulating potential of neutrophils in the blood of immunized guinea pigs were determined. At the first stages of the study, it was noted that Brucella disintegrates. Corpuscular antigens in concentrations were 50 and 100 μg/ml, and this did not cause nonspecific activation of neutrophil granulocytes in the NBT test with the blood of intact animals. Subsequently, we studied the immune response dynamics of immunized guinea pigs in the NBT test using experimental samples of brucellosis antigens in optimal concentrations. The biomaterial selection for research was carried out before immunization and on the 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 42nd, 55th, 69th, and 125th day after vaccination. The stimulation coefficient was calculated as the ratio of the induced level of cellular activity to the spontaneous one. It was found that the maximum level of specific activation of neutrophils in the NBT test is characteristic exclusively on the 28th day, corresponding to the peak synthesis of agglutinating and complement-fixing antibodies in serological reactions. The data obtained from the experiment allow us to conclude that it is possible to use experimental samples of brucellosis antigens as a stimulant when performing an NBT test with the Foundation for determining the immune control of cellular restructuring of the body during the formation of the response.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"129 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140693745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-261-270
A. V. Pisarenko
A comprehensive analysis of the state of domestic cattle breeds for dairy production over five years was carried out, which allows us to determine changes in the composition of the livestock and predict the state of the breeds in conditions of preserving their gene pool. Information and analytical studies obtained in yearbooks on breeding work in dairy cattle breeding on farms of the Russian Federation (2017–2021). Such indicators as the number of dairy cattle, the number of farms, and the regional breeding of breeds were considered. According to data for 2021, the genetic resources of dairy cattle breeding are 52.0%, represented by domestic breeds. The black-and-white breed has the largest share (42.35%), and the Tagil breed has the most minor (0.005%). Using the coefficient of livestock variability, trends towards increasing, decreasing, or maintaining stability in the number of cows are shown. His imprisonment indicators ranged from -125.02 (decrease in population) to +0.11 (increase in population). Calculation of effective development and the level of inbreeding makes it possible to predict the state of the gene pool for the current period. Thus, mountain cattle of Dagestan, red Gorbatovskaya, Suksunskaya, and Sychevskaya breeds with the participation of bulls (1–3 heads) have low indicators of effective development efficiency - 4.0–11.9 heads, the expected average inbreeding coefficient for generating a result is from 5.62 to 16.67%. The development efficiency indicator for all other breeds was at a sufficient level - 76.0–975.6 heads, and the inbreeding coefficient per generation was from 0.07 to 0.88%.
{"title":"Population monitoring of gene pool breeds of cattle as a basis for biodiversity conservation","authors":"A. V. Pisarenko","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-261-270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-261-270","url":null,"abstract":"A comprehensive analysis of the state of domestic cattle breeds for dairy production over five years was carried out, which allows us to determine changes in the composition of the livestock and predict the state of the breeds in conditions of preserving their gene pool. Information and analytical studies obtained in yearbooks on breeding work in dairy cattle breeding on farms of the Russian Federation (2017–2021). Such indicators as the number of dairy cattle, the number of farms, and the regional breeding of breeds were considered. According to data for 2021, the genetic resources of dairy cattle breeding are 52.0%, represented by domestic breeds. The black-and-white breed has the largest share (42.35%), and the Tagil breed has the most minor (0.005%). Using the coefficient of livestock variability, trends towards increasing, decreasing, or maintaining stability in the number of cows are shown. His imprisonment indicators ranged from -125.02 (decrease in population) to +0.11 (increase in population). Calculation of effective development and the level of inbreeding makes it possible to predict the state of the gene pool for the current period. Thus, mountain cattle of Dagestan, red Gorbatovskaya, Suksunskaya, and Sychevskaya breeds with the participation of bulls (1–3 heads) have low indicators of effective development efficiency - 4.0–11.9 heads, the expected average inbreeding coefficient for generating a result is from 5.62 to 16.67%. The development efficiency indicator for all other breeds was at a sufficient level - 76.0–975.6 heads, and the inbreeding coefficient per generation was from 0.07 to 0.88%.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"85 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140694478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-219-229
S. V. Mitrofanov, A. I. Shestakova, T. V. Papaskiri, L. N. Savushkina
An analysis of studies on the problems of global climate change about honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) and the sustainability of beekeeping is presented. The research information base is represented by scientific electronic libraries and search engines: eLIBRARY.RU, Science Direct, Scopus, and ResearchGate portal. The analysis showed that global climate change hurts honey bees, having both a direct impact on bee colonies (reduced egg production of queens and larval survival, usury) and a limited impact on food supply (shift in the flowering season of plants, decreased nectar productivity) and pests. This may entail a decrease in the gross harvest of honey and other beekeeping products and an increase in beekeepers’ costs for caring for bees, including drugs to protect against pests and diseases and for the purchase or production of additional feed. In this regard, it is essential to continue further research in the field of global climate change for honey bees, which will allow us to develop more effective methods for their management and protection, as well as measures to reduce the adverse effects of climate change on the life cycle of bees. It has been established that beekeeping is not integrated into the development agenda. One of the main reasons for this is the lack of awareness among state and government authorities about the role of honey bees in rural farms and ecosystems. Additionally, there is a relatively low level of government support for beekeeping. Many countries do not have legislation regulating beekeeping and do not provide sufficient financial support for the development of the industry.
{"title":"Analysis of the impact of global climate change on the sustainability of beekeeping","authors":"S. V. Mitrofanov, A. I. Shestakova, T. V. Papaskiri, L. N. Savushkina","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-219-229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-219-229","url":null,"abstract":"An analysis of studies on the problems of global climate change about honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) and the sustainability of beekeeping is presented. The research information base is represented by scientific electronic libraries and search engines: eLIBRARY.RU, Science Direct, Scopus, and ResearchGate portal. The analysis showed that global climate change hurts honey bees, having both a direct impact on bee colonies (reduced egg production of queens and larval survival, usury) and a limited impact on food supply (shift in the flowering season of plants, decreased nectar productivity) and pests. This may entail a decrease in the gross harvest of honey and other beekeeping products and an increase in beekeepers’ costs for caring for bees, including drugs to protect against pests and diseases and for the purchase or production of additional feed. In this regard, it is essential to continue further research in the field of global climate change for honey bees, which will allow us to develop more effective methods for their management and protection, as well as measures to reduce the adverse effects of climate change on the life cycle of bees. It has been established that beekeeping is not integrated into the development agenda. One of the main reasons for this is the lack of awareness among state and government authorities about the role of honey bees in rural farms and ecosystems. Additionally, there is a relatively low level of government support for beekeeping. Many countries do not have legislation regulating beekeeping and do not provide sufficient financial support for the development of the industry.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":" 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140691272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-150-160
T. A. Timoshenkova
In the conditions of the steppe zone of the Orenburg region, the problem of increasing the resistance of grain production to abiotic and biotic stress factors is relevant. A dangerous biotic stress for wheat plants is leaf rust. With the constant process of morphogenesis in nature, it is necessary to search for sources and donors of resistance to pathogens in the specific conditions of the cultivation region for inclusion in the breeding process. To study the characteristics of the Puccinia recondite population, the genetic diversity of the world collection of spring soft wheat, and identify sources of resistance to leaf rust in the steppe conditions of the Orenburg Cis-Urals in 2017–2022. A field assessment of 140 samples was carried out. When considering the incidence of leaf rust, we used the methods of VIR (N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Growing) and VIZR (All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection). Studies of P. recondite samples have established the prevalence of pathogenic populations virulent to the genes Lr 1, 2a, 2b, 2c, 3a, 3bq, 3ka, 11, 14a, 14b, 15, 17, 18, 20 and Lr 1, 2a, 2b, 2c, 3a, 3bq, 3ka, 9, 11, 14a, 14b, 15, 17, 18, 20. These populations are avirulent to the genes Lr 9, 16, 19, 24, 44 and Lr 16, 19, 24, 44. High Juvenile resistance was demonstrated by the varieties Lavrusha, Novosibirskaya 91, Sibirskaya 16, OmGAU-90 (West Siberian eco group), Spurt and Tulaikovskaya 108 (forest-steppe Volga eco group), Azhurnaya (steppe southern eco group), Aktyube 3 (steppe eastern eco group), Hoffman (North American eco group) and Chelyaba 75 (forest-steppe eastern eco group). Under field conditions, samples k-64365 Taiga Niva were not affected by brown leaf rust; k-64867 Novosibirskaya 44; k-64886 Aktobe 27; k-64976 CDC Merlin; k-64998 Favorite; k-65006 Hoffman; k-65007 GNS-28; k-65128 Altaiskaya 110; k-65139 Saratovskaya 74; k-65145 Volkhitka; k-65147 Skorospelka 98; k-65253 Omskaya 41; k-65269 Pin Chum 11; k-65449 Mertsana and k-65450 Yaritsa. The selected samples are recommended for breeding improvement of spring soft wheat in the conditions of the Orenburg region.
{"title":"Resistance of samples of spring soft wheat of the world collection VIR to Puccinia recondite b conditions of the Orenburg cisdural Region","authors":"T. A. Timoshenkova","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-150-160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-150-160","url":null,"abstract":"In the conditions of the steppe zone of the Orenburg region, the problem of increasing the resistance of grain production to abiotic and biotic stress factors is relevant. A dangerous biotic stress for wheat plants is leaf rust. With the constant process of morphogenesis in nature, it is necessary to search for sources and donors of resistance to pathogens in the specific conditions of the cultivation region for inclusion in the breeding process. To study the characteristics of the Puccinia recondite population, the genetic diversity of the world collection of spring soft wheat, and identify sources of resistance to leaf rust in the steppe conditions of the Orenburg Cis-Urals in 2017–2022. A field assessment of 140 samples was carried out. When considering the incidence of leaf rust, we used the methods of VIR (N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Growing) and VIZR (All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Protection). Studies of P. recondite samples have established the prevalence of pathogenic populations virulent to the genes Lr 1, 2a, 2b, 2c, 3a, 3bq, 3ka, 11, 14a, 14b, 15, 17, 18, 20 and Lr 1, 2a, 2b, 2c, 3a, 3bq, 3ka, 9, 11, 14a, 14b, 15, 17, 18, 20. These populations are avirulent to the genes Lr 9, 16, 19, 24, 44 and Lr 16, 19, 24, 44. High Juvenile resistance was demonstrated by the varieties Lavrusha, Novosibirskaya 91, Sibirskaya 16, OmGAU-90 (West Siberian eco group), Spurt and Tulaikovskaya 108 (forest-steppe Volga eco group), Azhurnaya (steppe southern eco group), Aktyube 3 (steppe eastern eco group), Hoffman (North American eco group) and Chelyaba 75 (forest-steppe eastern eco group). Under field conditions, samples k-64365 Taiga Niva were not affected by brown leaf rust; k-64867 Novosibirskaya 44; k-64886 Aktobe 27; k-64976 CDC Merlin; k-64998 Favorite; k-65006 Hoffman; k-65007 GNS-28; k-65128 Altaiskaya 110; k-65139 Saratovskaya 74; k-65145 Volkhitka; k-65147 Skorospelka 98; k-65253 Omskaya 41; k-65269 Pin Chum 11; k-65449 Mertsana and k-65450 Yaritsa. The selected samples are recommended for breeding improvement of spring soft wheat in the conditions of the Orenburg region.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":" 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140690885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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