Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-132-138
A. I. Murzin, R. Galeev, P. N. Potapov, N. A. Potapov, S. Potapova
The results of those carried out in 2022–2023 are presented. complex experiments to study the effectiveness of using elements of accelerated virus-free seed production technology on potato varieties of different ripeness groups on gray forest medium-loamy soil of the forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Ob region. The soil at the research site contained 3.48 % humus, 11.3 mg of easily hydrolyzed nitrogen, 13.1 mg of available phosphorus, and 15.1 mg/100 g of exchangeable potassium at pH 6.19. The agricultural technology in the experiments was generally accepted for modern agricultural technology research. On the gray forest medium-loamy soil of JSC Agricultural Enterprise “Michurinets” of the Novosibirsk district of the Novosibirsk region in the conditions of isolated areas of open ground when planting healthy super-super elite of three varieties of different ripeness groups: Rosara, Red Scarlett (early) and Zlatka (mid-ripening) the formation of standard virus-free planting material is shown super elites. The gross harvest of the virus-free superelite is equal to the Rosara variety – 40 tons, Red Scarlett – 4.86 tons, and the Zlatka variety – 33.72 tons, with the yield of the standard seed fraction of 35–60 mm at the level of 70 %. Under the conditions of a specialized greenhouse, the maximum average number of tubers per vessel was noted in the variant with the Sokur variety – 14.9 pcs. and Red Scarlett – 11 pcs. In protected soil, the standard fraction of seed healthy tubers 35–60 mm dominated, ranging from 18 t/ha for the Zlatka variety to 21 t/ha for the Rozara variety. In a specialized greenhouse, the share of seed tubers was mostly in the 35–45 mm and 45–55 mm fractions – an average of 26 %. Improved technology for seed production of virus-free potatoes ensured the formation of healthy elite material in the Zlatka variety – 193.26 tons, Rosara 111.63 tons and Red Scarlett – 28.42 %. The yield of the seed fraction 35–60 mm reached 72 %.
{"title":"Special aspect of usage of elements of forced seed production of healthy potato in forest-steppe of Priobye","authors":"A. I. Murzin, R. Galeev, P. N. Potapov, N. A. Potapov, S. Potapova","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-132-138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-132-138","url":null,"abstract":"The results of those carried out in 2022–2023 are presented. complex experiments to study the effectiveness of using elements of accelerated virus-free seed production technology on potato varieties of different ripeness groups on gray forest medium-loamy soil of the forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Ob region. The soil at the research site contained 3.48 % humus, 11.3 mg of easily hydrolyzed nitrogen, 13.1 mg of available phosphorus, and 15.1 mg/100 g of exchangeable potassium at pH 6.19. The agricultural technology in the experiments was generally accepted for modern agricultural technology research. On the gray forest medium-loamy soil of JSC Agricultural Enterprise “Michurinets” of the Novosibirsk district of the Novosibirsk region in the conditions of isolated areas of open ground when planting healthy super-super elite of three varieties of different ripeness groups: Rosara, Red Scarlett (early) and Zlatka (mid-ripening) the formation of standard virus-free planting material is shown super elites. The gross harvest of the virus-free superelite is equal to the Rosara variety – 40 tons, Red Scarlett – 4.86 tons, and the Zlatka variety – 33.72 tons, with the yield of the standard seed fraction of 35–60 mm at the level of 70 %. Under the conditions of a specialized greenhouse, the maximum average number of tubers per vessel was noted in the variant with the Sokur variety – 14.9 pcs. and Red Scarlett – 11 pcs. In protected soil, the standard fraction of seed healthy tubers 35–60 mm dominated, ranging from 18 t/ha for the Zlatka variety to 21 t/ha for the Rozara variety. In a specialized greenhouse, the share of seed tubers was mostly in the 35–45 mm and 45–55 mm fractions – an average of 26 %. Improved technology for seed production of virus-free potatoes ensured the formation of healthy elite material in the Zlatka variety – 193.26 tons, Rosara 111.63 tons and Red Scarlett – 28.42 %. The yield of the seed fraction 35–60 mm reached 72 %.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"54 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141663333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-102-110
S. B. Lepekhov
The photoperiod-insensitive allele Ppd-D1a is widespread among spring soft wheat of subequatorial and equatorial countries. This allele is practically not found in Russian spring soft wheat cultivars. The allele Ppd-D1a decrease period from seedling to heading in soft wheat and can be used in breeding for earliness. Fourty cultivars with the allele Ppd-D1a have been studied in the field conditions for yield in 2021 and 2022. Eleven cultivars (AC Vista, AC Taber, Buck Fogon, Cunningham, DL-803-2, Odeta, Tigre, Sasia, Sunstar, Sunstate and Zingmai), which have yield at the level of standards, were selected among them. Using PCR-analysis the presence of the Ppd-D1a allele was confirmed for all 11 cultivars. Local checks have the Ppd-D1b allele. Above mentioned 11 cultivars were tested in field condition in 2023. Cultivars were estimated for interval from seedling to heading, plant height, spikelet number per spike, kernel number per spike, thousand kernel weight, grain weight per main spike and tiller spikes, harvest index, yield, protein and gluten content in grain. Ten out of 11 cultivars had significantly lower yield than standards (from -23 to 58 %). Almost all cultivars were characterized with significantly lower plant height (from -16 to -43 cm), lower thousand kernel weight (from -3.8 to -13.5 g), higher harvest index (to +8.0 percent point) and lower grain weight per main spike (from -0.02 to -0.52 g), than standards. Sunstar cultivar, which had yield at the level of standard cultivar Altaiskaya 70, is recommended as a donor of the Ppd-D1a allele in spring soft wheat breeding for earliness. Cluster analysis carried out on the basis of the considered traits classified cultivars with the Ppd-D1a and Ppd-D1b alleles in two different groups.
{"title":"Ppd-D1a allele donors for spring soft wheat for earliness","authors":"S. B. Lepekhov","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-102-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-102-110","url":null,"abstract":"The photoperiod-insensitive allele Ppd-D1a is widespread among spring soft wheat of subequatorial and equatorial countries. This allele is practically not found in Russian spring soft wheat cultivars. The allele Ppd-D1a decrease period from seedling to heading in soft wheat and can be used in breeding for earliness. Fourty cultivars with the allele Ppd-D1a have been studied in the field conditions for yield in 2021 and 2022. Eleven cultivars (AC Vista, AC Taber, Buck Fogon, Cunningham, DL-803-2, Odeta, Tigre, Sasia, Sunstar, Sunstate and Zingmai), which have yield at the level of standards, were selected among them. Using PCR-analysis the presence of the Ppd-D1a allele was confirmed for all 11 cultivars. Local checks have the Ppd-D1b allele. Above mentioned 11 cultivars were tested in field condition in 2023. Cultivars were estimated for interval from seedling to heading, plant height, spikelet number per spike, kernel number per spike, thousand kernel weight, grain weight per main spike and tiller spikes, harvest index, yield, protein and gluten content in grain. Ten out of 11 cultivars had significantly lower yield than standards (from -23 to 58 %). Almost all cultivars were characterized with significantly lower plant height (from -16 to -43 cm), lower thousand kernel weight (from -3.8 to -13.5 g), higher harvest index (to +8.0 percent point) and lower grain weight per main spike (from -0.02 to -0.52 g), than standards. Sunstar cultivar, which had yield at the level of standard cultivar Altaiskaya 70, is recommended as a donor of the Ppd-D1a allele in spring soft wheat breeding for earliness. Cluster analysis carried out on the basis of the considered traits classified cultivars with the Ppd-D1a and Ppd-D1b alleles in two different groups.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"57 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-48-54
S. Grevtsova, E. Rekhviashvili, M. Aylarova, M. Kabulova, L. Gagieva
Sedums are representatives of the Crassulaceae family, a valuable medicinal species with limited distribution. It is of exceptional importance for herbal medicine and plant biochemistry. At the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Gorsky State Agrarian University, some representatives of the Crassulaceae family (Crassulaceae DC) have been introduced and successfully grow in the collection nursery: prominent sedum, Caucasian sedum, antifolia sedum and linear sedum. Crassulaceae DC. is a large family of dicotyledonous angiosperms characterized by its unique form of photosynthesis. These plants are used mainly as carriers of chemically active compounds and biologically valuable substances. The studied samples of plants of the Crassulaceae family are of particular interest as raw materials for medicines and as valuable biologically active components. As a result of the studies carried out using chromatography-mass spectrometry, the component composition of the terpene series in plant objects was determined: sedum oppositifolium, Caucasian sedum (Sedum caucasicum), linear sedum (Sedum lineare Thunb.) and prominent sedum (Sedum spectabile). Sedum spectabile contains two, Sedum caucasicum contains five, Sedum oppositifolium contains eight, Sedum lineare Thunb. – ten components of the terpene series. The biologically valuable substances of a number of terpenes of the Crassulaceae family, found in the studied plants, were determined using organic solvents. Terpenes were isolated in chloroform and ethanol extracts, i.e., a solvent was selected for the component of interest, and the identified terpenes can act as indicators of specific components for each plant and the selection of suitable markers.
{"title":"Characteristics of some biologically active substances of a number of terpenes for representatives of the Crassulaceae DC family the Genus sedum S.L., growing in the RSO–Alania","authors":"S. Grevtsova, E. Rekhviashvili, M. Aylarova, M. Kabulova, L. Gagieva","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-48-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-48-54","url":null,"abstract":"Sedums are representatives of the Crassulaceae family, a valuable medicinal species with limited distribution. It is of exceptional importance for herbal medicine and plant biochemistry. At the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Gorsky State Agrarian University, some representatives of the Crassulaceae family (Crassulaceae DC) have been introduced and successfully grow in the collection nursery: prominent sedum, Caucasian sedum, antifolia sedum and linear sedum. Crassulaceae DC. is a large family of dicotyledonous angiosperms characterized by its unique form of photosynthesis. These plants are used mainly as carriers of chemically active compounds and biologically valuable substances. The studied samples of plants of the Crassulaceae family are of particular interest as raw materials for medicines and as valuable biologically active components. As a result of the studies carried out using chromatography-mass spectrometry, the component composition of the terpene series in plant objects was determined: sedum oppositifolium, Caucasian sedum (Sedum caucasicum), linear sedum (Sedum lineare Thunb.) and prominent sedum (Sedum spectabile). Sedum spectabile contains two, Sedum caucasicum contains five, Sedum oppositifolium contains eight, Sedum lineare Thunb. – ten components of the terpene series. The biologically valuable substances of a number of terpenes of the Crassulaceae family, found in the studied plants, were determined using organic solvents. Terpenes were isolated in chloroform and ethanol extracts, i.e., a solvent was selected for the component of interest, and the identified terpenes can act as indicators of specific components for each plant and the selection of suitable markers.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-120-131
M. A. Martynov, A. A. Polukhin, S. V. Kiryukhin
The article presents part of the experience in the study of soybean breeding material in the fields of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Center of Legumes and Groat Crops». The studies were conducted in years characterized by contrasting (different) weather conditions, and the varieties and breeding numbers presented in the study differed among themselves in the traits of growth type, precocity and branching. The traits such as net photosynthetic productivity and nitrogenase activity investigated in the bean formation phase were depicted. The cultivars with the highest net photosynthetic productivity at the bean formation phase in 2022 and 2023 were identified, and breeding numbers with low net photosynthetic productivity were noted. Nitrogenase activity of the studied cultivars in the phase of bean formation in 2022 and 2023 was determined. Variety samples possessing the highest nitrogenase activity were identified, as well as selection numbers with low values of this indicator. Soybean genotypes with minimal annual variation of nitrogenase activity in the phase of bean formation were found, which can be used for further selection in the future. Correlations between net photosynthetic productivity, nitrogenase activity, field germination and vegetation indices (NDVI, NDRE, ClGreen, GNDVI, MCARI) were calculated, and the phase of soybean development at which vegetation indices are most optimally applicable for germination assessment was determined.
{"title":"Study of net photosynthetic productivity, nitrogenase activity and field germination for different soybean genotypes and their correlations with the main vegetacinon indices","authors":"M. A. Martynov, A. A. Polukhin, S. V. Kiryukhin","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-120-131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-120-131","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents part of the experience in the study of soybean breeding material in the fields of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Center of Legumes and Groat Crops». The studies were conducted in years characterized by contrasting (different) weather conditions, and the varieties and breeding numbers presented in the study differed among themselves in the traits of growth type, precocity and branching. The traits such as net photosynthetic productivity and nitrogenase activity investigated in the bean formation phase were depicted. The cultivars with the highest net photosynthetic productivity at the bean formation phase in 2022 and 2023 were identified, and breeding numbers with low net photosynthetic productivity were noted. Nitrogenase activity of the studied cultivars in the phase of bean formation in 2022 and 2023 was determined. Variety samples possessing the highest nitrogenase activity were identified, as well as selection numbers with low values of this indicator. Soybean genotypes with minimal annual variation of nitrogenase activity in the phase of bean formation were found, which can be used for further selection in the future. Correlations between net photosynthetic productivity, nitrogenase activity, field germination and vegetation indices (NDVI, NDRE, ClGreen, GNDVI, MCARI) were calculated, and the phase of soybean development at which vegetation indices are most optimally applicable for germination assessment was determined.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"116 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-168-176
I. N. Sharkov, S. A. Kolbin, L. M. Samokhvalova
Analysis of grain production in Siberia reveals a clear discrepancy between the number of new varieties of grain crops (many dozens) and the almost complete absence of growth in the five-year average grain yield in the last two to three decades. The aim of the study was to compare the yield and grain quality of a modern intensive variety of spring wheat (Novosibirskaya 31) and an old (conditionally) extensive variety (Saratovskaya 29), released in Western Siberia more than 60 years ago. It is important to understand what valuable qualities the modern variety has acquired over such a long period of breeding. The varieties were compared under conditions of intensive cultivation technology with the application of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizer (N30, N60, N90) against the background of a complex of plant protection products against pests, weeds, diseases and field-raising. The study was conducted in 2019-2020 in the Central forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Ob region on old plowed chernozem leached. It was found that at the beginning of the dose range varieties did not differ significantly in responsiveness to nitrogen fertilizer, forming almost the same grain yields up to 3.7 t/ha. At higher doses of nitrogen fertilizer, the yield of Novosibirskaya 31 variety began to significantly outpace the Saratovskaya 29 variety, which was due to the lodging of plants of the latter, despite the use of retardant. The yield of 3.7 t/ha is 1.5–2.0 times higher than the actual yields received by most Siberian farms, so the use of potentially higheryielding varieties in this situation is of no practical importance. Nevertheless, from the scientific point of view, it is important to continue research on the opportunities available to breeders to increase the average annual yield of crops by adjusting plant genotypes in areas with limited heat and moisture resources.
{"title":"Yield of spring wheat varieties of different dates of zoning when grown under intensive technology in the forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Ob region","authors":"I. N. Sharkov, S. A. Kolbin, L. M. Samokhvalova","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-168-176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-168-176","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of grain production in Siberia reveals a clear discrepancy between the number of new varieties of grain crops (many dozens) and the almost complete absence of growth in the five-year average grain yield in the last two to three decades. The aim of the study was to compare the yield and grain quality of a modern intensive variety of spring wheat (Novosibirskaya 31) and an old (conditionally) extensive variety (Saratovskaya 29), released in Western Siberia more than 60 years ago. It is important to understand what valuable qualities the modern variety has acquired over such a long period of breeding. The varieties were compared under conditions of intensive cultivation technology with the application of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizer (N30, N60, N90) against the background of a complex of plant protection products against pests, weeds, diseases and field-raising. The study was conducted in 2019-2020 in the Central forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Ob region on old plowed chernozem leached. It was found that at the beginning of the dose range varieties did not differ significantly in responsiveness to nitrogen fertilizer, forming almost the same grain yields up to 3.7 t/ha. At higher doses of nitrogen fertilizer, the yield of Novosibirskaya 31 variety began to significantly outpace the Saratovskaya 29 variety, which was due to the lodging of plants of the latter, despite the use of retardant. The yield of 3.7 t/ha is 1.5–2.0 times higher than the actual yields received by most Siberian farms, so the use of potentially higheryielding varieties in this situation is of no practical importance. Nevertheless, from the scientific point of view, it is important to continue research on the opportunities available to breeders to increase the average annual yield of crops by adjusting plant genotypes in areas with limited heat and moisture resources.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"11 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-5-14
L. P. Baikalova, Yury I. Serebrennikov
The objectives of the research are to study the reliability criterion of spring wheat varieties in terms of yield, weight of 1000 grains, resistance to lodging, duration of the growing season and technological parameters protein and gluten content. One-sided selection aimed at increasing productivity reduces the adaptability of varieties. In this regard, there is a need for economic and biological assessment of varieties, which will allow the adaptability of spring wheat to be fully realized in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The location of the study is the Uyarsky GSU, located in the forest-steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Qualitative analysis was carried out in the zonal Krasnoyarsk chemical-technological laboratory for variety testing of agricultural crops in 2019–2021. Objects of study: 21 varieties of spring wheat, incl. 19 varieties of spring soft wheat of different ripeness groups and 2 varieties of spring durum wheat. In terms of yield, the best results (more than 7.0 t/ha) were obtained from the bread wheat varieties Extra (early ripening); Novosibirskaya 41 (mid-early); Gonets, Omskaya 44, Kuraginskaya 2, Predgornaya (mid-season); Leader 80, Union (mid-late); as well as in Omsk steppe durum wheat. Data processing according to the method proposed by D.A. Saprygin, made it possible to carry out a comprehensive analysis of spring wheat varieties using yield, weight of 1000 grains, resistance to lodging, duration of the growing season, protein and gluten content in the grain. Based on the results of this analysis, we can say that the reliability criterion (Kn) is the highest for the bread wheat varieties Novosibirskaya 15, Novosibirskaya 16 (early ripening), Novosibirskaya 31, Novosibirskaya 41, Pamyati Vavenkova (mid-early), Gonets, Omskaya 44 (mid-ripening), Leader 80 , Belukha, Union (mid-late varieties) (soft wheat), as well as durum wheat Omsk steppe.
{"title":"Qualitative indicators of spring wheat varieties in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe","authors":"L. P. Baikalova, Yury I. Serebrennikov","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-5-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-5-14","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of the research are to study the reliability criterion of spring wheat varieties in terms of yield, weight of 1000 grains, resistance to lodging, duration of the growing season and technological parameters protein and gluten content. One-sided selection aimed at increasing productivity reduces the adaptability of varieties. In this regard, there is a need for economic and biological assessment of varieties, which will allow the adaptability of spring wheat to be fully realized in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The location of the study is the Uyarsky GSU, located in the forest-steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Qualitative analysis was carried out in the zonal Krasnoyarsk chemical-technological laboratory for variety testing of agricultural crops in 2019–2021. Objects of study: 21 varieties of spring wheat, incl. 19 varieties of spring soft wheat of different ripeness groups and 2 varieties of spring durum wheat. In terms of yield, the best results (more than 7.0 t/ha) were obtained from the bread wheat varieties Extra (early ripening); Novosibirskaya 41 (mid-early); Gonets, Omskaya 44, Kuraginskaya 2, Predgornaya (mid-season); Leader 80, Union (mid-late); as well as in Omsk steppe durum wheat. Data processing according to the method proposed by D.A. Saprygin, made it possible to carry out a comprehensive analysis of spring wheat varieties using yield, weight of 1000 grains, resistance to lodging, duration of the growing season, protein and gluten content in the grain. Based on the results of this analysis, we can say that the reliability criterion (Kn) is the highest for the bread wheat varieties Novosibirskaya 15, Novosibirskaya 16 (early ripening), Novosibirskaya 31, Novosibirskaya 41, Pamyati Vavenkova (mid-early), Gonets, Omskaya 44 (mid-ripening), Leader 80 , Belukha, Union (mid-late varieties) (soft wheat), as well as durum wheat Omsk steppe.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":" 1258","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141669126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-37-47
L. V. Garafutdinova, V. Kalichkin, D. S. Fedorov
The results of research on the development of automated classification of remote sensing images of the Earth for on-farm land use based on the use of an object-oriented approach, machine learning and geoinformation modeling are presented. The classification methodology included three stages: analysis of digital images with the selection of spatial objects through preliminary segmentation, classification of spatial objects using the ,Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) machine learning algorithms, and assessment of the overall accuracy of the result. For processing, satellite images Sentinel-2 from May to April for the land use area of the experimental station «Elitnaya» and Individual Enterprise of State Farm (Collective Farm) Kovalev S.M. of the Novosibirsk region with a spatial resolution of 10 m per pixel were used. The processing of the resulting multispectral images was carried out using the software product SAGA GIS version 8.5.1 and QGIS with opensource code, the creation of classification models was carried out in the package of the statistical programming language R. It was established that the overall accuracy of classification of land use objects displayed onsatellite images, for the territory of the experimental station «Elitnaya» the SVM algorithm was 87.1% (kappa coefficient 0.74), and using the RF algorithm – 90.3% (kappa coefficient 0.87). For the land use area of the Individual Enterprise of State Farm (Collective Farm) Kovalev S.M. using the SVM algorithm – 78.4% (kappa coefficient 0.78), and using the RF algorithm – 82.3% (kappa coefficient 0.82). The object-oriented approach, in integration with machine learning, facilitates efficient segmentation and classification of remote sensing images for the delineation of spatial objects, provides the ability to automate the mapping process of land use areas, and to incorporate this information into geoinformation modeling for evaluation and classification of agricultural lands.
{"title":"Object-oriented classification of remote sensing earth images using machine","authors":"L. V. Garafutdinova, V. Kalichkin, D. S. Fedorov","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-37-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-37-47","url":null,"abstract":"The results of research on the development of automated classification of remote sensing images of the Earth for on-farm land use based on the use of an object-oriented approach, machine learning and geoinformation modeling are presented. The classification methodology included three stages: analysis of digital images with the selection of spatial objects through preliminary segmentation, classification of spatial objects using the ,Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) machine learning algorithms, and assessment of the overall accuracy of the result. For processing, satellite images Sentinel-2 from May to April for the land use area of the experimental station «Elitnaya» and Individual Enterprise of State Farm (Collective Farm) Kovalev S.M. of the Novosibirsk region with a spatial resolution of 10 m per pixel were used. The processing of the resulting multispectral images was carried out using the software product SAGA GIS version 8.5.1 and QGIS with opensource code, the creation of classification models was carried out in the package of the statistical programming language R. It was established that the overall accuracy of classification of land use objects displayed onsatellite images, for the territory of the experimental station «Elitnaya» the SVM algorithm was 87.1% (kappa coefficient 0.74), and using the RF algorithm – 90.3% (kappa coefficient 0.87). For the land use area of the Individual Enterprise of State Farm (Collective Farm) Kovalev S.M. using the SVM algorithm – 78.4% (kappa coefficient 0.78), and using the RF algorithm – 82.3% (kappa coefficient 0.82). The object-oriented approach, in integration with machine learning, facilitates efficient segmentation and classification of remote sensing images for the delineation of spatial objects, provides the ability to automate the mapping process of land use areas, and to incorporate this information into geoinformation modeling for evaluation and classification of agricultural lands.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":" 452","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141669315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-25-36
L. P. Galeeva
It was found that the content of readily available phosphorus in the soil of the small-scale experiment after 3 years of fertilizer application remained average in all variants, fertilizers compensated for its removal by grain crops. In the field experiment, the content of this form of phosphorus in the arable soil layer significantly increased only with row fertilization, with other methods of application it decreased to low. Fertilizers in both experiments, with all methods of application, not only compensated for the removal of mobile phosphorus by cereals, but also created a high and increased supply of plants with it. They increased the content of mineral phosphates and did not affect the ratio of their groups in the soil. The active fractions accounted for 22–25 %, Ca – P3 phosphates accounted for 68–72 %, the proportion of Al – P and Fe – P phosphates was the lowest and practically unchanged, indicating the absence of rearrangement and fixation of phosphates into less accessible and inaccessible forms for plants. Phosphorus of fertilizers was absorbed not only by plants, but also by microorganisms. The most microbial phosphorus in a layer of 0-20 cm of leached chernozem in a small–scale experiment was found with local fertilization – 22 kg /ha, and in the chernozem of the field experiment – with row application – 31 kg / ha, which can be used by plants in the aftereffect. In the soil layer of 0–40 cm of the small– scale experiment, the reserves of microbial phosphorus, depending on the method of fertilization, increased in a row: row – scattered – local, and field: scattered – local – row. Only when applied to rows during sowing with seeds, fertilizers significantly increased the yield of spring wheat, the increase from them in small–scale and field experiments averaged 42 and 26 %, respectively. The highest yield of oats in conditions of sufficient moisture supply of the soil was obtained with scattered fertilization in action and with row–in aftereffect, the increase in yield was 12 and 20 %, respectively. The balance of readily available phosphorus in the chernozem of the field experiment is positive for all methods of fertilization, with its deficiency in the control – 26 kg /ha, and mobile – positive in all variants.
研究发现，施肥 3 年后，小规模试验土壤中的易得磷含量在所有变量中都保持平均水平，肥料弥补了粮食作物对磷的消耗。在田间试验中，耕地土壤层中这种形式的磷含量只有在施用行肥时才会显著增加，而在施用其他肥料时则降至较低水平。在这两项实验中，各种施肥方法的肥料不仅弥补了谷物对流动磷的清除，而且还为植物提供了大量和更多的流动磷。这些肥料增加了矿物磷酸盐的含量，但并不影响其在土壤中的比例。活性组分占 22%-25%，Ca - P3 磷酸盐占 68%-72%，Al - P 和 Fe - P 磷酸盐的比例最低，几乎没有变化，这表明磷酸盐没有重新排列和固定为植物较难获得和无法获得的形式。肥料中的磷不仅被植物吸收，也被微生物吸收。在小规模试验中发现，当地施肥时，0-20 厘米沥滤土壤层中的微生物磷最多，为 22 千克/公顷，而在田间试验的沥滤土壤中，行施肥的微生物磷最多，为 31 千克/公顷。在小规模试验的 0-40 厘米土层中，微生物磷的储量根据施肥方法的不同而增加：行施-撒施-局部；田间：撒施-局部-行施。只有在播种时在行间施肥，肥料才能显著提高春小麦的产量，在小规模试验和大田试验中，肥料的平均增产率分别为 42% 和 26%。在土壤水分充足的条件下，燕麦的最高产量是在播种时分散施肥和播种后在行间施肥，增产率分别为 12% 和 20%。在田间试验中，所有施肥方法都能平衡土壤中的易得磷，对照组的缺磷量为 26 千克/公顷，而所有施肥方法都能平衡土壤中的易得磷。
{"title":"The effect of mineral fertilizers on the phosphate stock of leached chernozem and the productivity of grain crops","authors":"L. P. Galeeva","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-25-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-25-36","url":null,"abstract":"It was found that the content of readily available phosphorus in the soil of the small-scale experiment after 3 years of fertilizer application remained average in all variants, fertilizers compensated for its removal by grain crops. In the field experiment, the content of this form of phosphorus in the arable soil layer significantly increased only with row fertilization, with other methods of application it decreased to low. Fertilizers in both experiments, with all methods of application, not only compensated for the removal of mobile phosphorus by cereals, but also created a high and increased supply of plants with it. They increased the content of mineral phosphates and did not affect the ratio of their groups in the soil. The active fractions accounted for 22–25 %, Ca – P3 phosphates accounted for 68–72 %, the proportion of Al – P and Fe – P phosphates was the lowest and practically unchanged, indicating the absence of rearrangement and fixation of phosphates into less accessible and inaccessible forms for plants. Phosphorus of fertilizers was absorbed not only by plants, but also by microorganisms. The most microbial phosphorus in a layer of 0-20 cm of leached chernozem in a small–scale experiment was found with local fertilization – 22 kg /ha, and in the chernozem of the field experiment – with row application – 31 kg / ha, which can be used by plants in the aftereffect. In the soil layer of 0–40 cm of the small– scale experiment, the reserves of microbial phosphorus, depending on the method of fertilization, increased in a row: row – scattered – local, and field: scattered – local – row. Only when applied to rows during sowing with seeds, fertilizers significantly increased the yield of spring wheat, the increase from them in small–scale and field experiments averaged 42 and 26 %, respectively. The highest yield of oats in conditions of sufficient moisture supply of the soil was obtained with scattered fertilization in action and with row–in aftereffect, the increase in yield was 12 and 20 %, respectively. The balance of readily available phosphorus in the chernozem of the field experiment is positive for all methods of fertilization, with its deficiency in the control – 26 kg /ha, and mobile – positive in all variants.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141668373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-15-24
D. Y. Bakshaev, N. Kashevarov
The results of research for 2014–2016 on the effectiveness of methods of basic sod processing of oldage crops of perennial grasses in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia on leached medium-sized medium-humus medium-loamy chernozem are presented. The purpose of the research is to optimize the methods of basic processing of sod, to establish their effect on the reserves of productive moisture in the soil and the productivity of reservoir culture. It was found that the maximum yield of the reservoir crop was obtained when plowing grass stands in the autumn. The collection of the green mass of the stratum culture oats for the next year amounted to 173 kg/ha, grain 22.7 kg/ha and was ensured by improving the moisture supply of crops (+31...51% in the soil layer 0-20 cm), higher germination (+21...35%) and the height of oat plants (+4...23%). The cost of obtaining products amounted to 6429 rubles / ha, profitability of 253%. Autumn treatment with a continuous-action Tornado herbicide (isopropylamine salt, 360 g/l acid, application rate of 2 l/ha) followed by disking in two tracks in spring reduces the yield of green mass by 17%, grain by 8% and can be recommended when malicious root weeds – wheatgrass, osota species and etc. After treatment, the proportion of weeds in the reservoir crops did not exceed 2% (annual species). Processing costs amounted to 8859 rubles/ ha, profitability of 135%. Spring cutting of the BDT-3 turf in two traces reduces the collection of green mass by 42% compared with autumn plowing, grain by 48% due to a decrease in soil moisture in the root layer (0-20cm) in spring by 31-51%, field germination by 30%, plant height by 23% with maximum clogging indicators in the experiment – 14-24 pcs/m2 or 5.6%. The costs amounted to 4,698 rubles/ha, with a profitability of 151%.
{"title":"Methods of cutting the layer of old-age sowing of perennial grasses","authors":"D. Y. Bakshaev, N. Kashevarov","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-15-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-15-24","url":null,"abstract":"The results of research for 2014–2016 on the effectiveness of methods of basic sod processing of oldage crops of perennial grasses in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia on leached medium-sized medium-humus medium-loamy chernozem are presented. The purpose of the research is to optimize the methods of basic processing of sod, to establish their effect on the reserves of productive moisture in the soil and the productivity of reservoir culture. It was found that the maximum yield of the reservoir crop was obtained when plowing grass stands in the autumn. The collection of the green mass of the stratum culture oats for the next year amounted to 173 kg/ha, grain 22.7 kg/ha and was ensured by improving the moisture supply of crops (+31...51% in the soil layer 0-20 cm), higher germination (+21...35%) and the height of oat plants (+4...23%). The cost of obtaining products amounted to 6429 rubles / ha, profitability of 253%. Autumn treatment with a continuous-action Tornado herbicide (isopropylamine salt, 360 g/l acid, application rate of 2 l/ha) followed by disking in two tracks in spring reduces the yield of green mass by 17%, grain by 8% and can be recommended when malicious root weeds – wheatgrass, osota species and etc. After treatment, the proportion of weeds in the reservoir crops did not exceed 2% (annual species). Processing costs amounted to 8859 rubles/ ha, profitability of 135%. Spring cutting of the BDT-3 turf in two traces reduces the collection of green mass by 42% compared with autumn plowing, grain by 48% due to a decrease in soil moisture in the root layer (0-20cm) in spring by 31-51%, field germination by 30%, plant height by 23% with maximum clogging indicators in the experiment – 14-24 pcs/m2 or 5.6%. The costs amounted to 4,698 rubles/ha, with a profitability of 151%.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":" 992","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141669099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-161-168
E. Toropova, I. A. Kamenev
The study aimed to evaluate the biological and economic effectiveness of fungicidal soybean disinfectants of different mechanisms of action in a tank mixture with inoculants in the forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk region. The studies were carried out in 2019–2022. Generally accepted methods are used in the conditions of the northern forest steppe of the Novosibirsk region. For the studies, we used the systemic protectant Baritone (prothioconazole 37.5 g/l + fluoxastrobin 37.5 g/l) at a rate of 1.5 l/t and contact Maxim (fludioxonil 25 g/l) at a rate of 2.0 l/t t, the inoculant was HiCoat Super Soybean (HCSS) 1.42 l/t together with the nutrient medium HiCoat Super Extender (HCSE) 1.42 l/t. On average, over four years, the development of soybean root rots, according to the predecessor winter wheat, exceeded the harmfulness threshold in the control variant by 1.3–2.7 times over the years; the maximum indicator was noted in the dry year of 2022 when soybean plants experienced double stress - hydrothermal and biotic. F. oxysporum, F. poae, F. equseti, F. sporotrichioides, and F. solani were isolated from the underground soybean organs during the growing season. The pathogenic complex of soybean root rots also included fungi of the genera Pythium and Rhizoctonia. The biological effectiveness of seed treatment against root rot was 40.2–76.4% and was higher when soybean seedlings developed in moist conditions. The economic efficiency of seed treatment was 103–347% over the years, with a maximum in wet years. The best option for pre-sowing seed treatment is the contact disinfectant Maxim, 2.0 l/t in a tank mixture with the inoculant HiCoat Super Soya (HCSS), 1.42 l/t together with the nutrient medium HiCoat Super Extender (HCSE), 1.42 l/ T. Both fungicidal disinfectants showed a bactericidal effect on symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, reducing the number of nodules to 43.2% and their weight to 38.1%. Treatment and vaccination of soybean seeds positively affected the quality of the resulting crop. The protein content was the highest in the Baritone variant together with the inoculants HCSS + HCSE and amounted to 41.4% versus 36.8% in the control. Dressing agents had a significant positive effect on the quality of soybean seeds of the new crop; the best aftereffect was found in the Maxim variant, 2.0 l/t + inoculants, where the prevalence of all phytopathogens was below the ETH (economic threshold of harmfulness), and germination was maximum.
{"title":"Comparative assessment of the effectiveness of contact and systemic fungicides for treating soybean seeds in the forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Region","authors":"E. Toropova, I. A. Kamenev","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-161-168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-70-1-161-168","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to evaluate the biological and economic effectiveness of fungicidal soybean disinfectants of different mechanisms of action in a tank mixture with inoculants in the forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk region. The studies were carried out in 2019–2022. Generally accepted methods are used in the conditions of the northern forest steppe of the Novosibirsk region. For the studies, we used the systemic protectant Baritone (prothioconazole 37.5 g/l + fluoxastrobin 37.5 g/l) at a rate of 1.5 l/t and contact Maxim (fludioxonil 25 g/l) at a rate of 2.0 l/t t, the inoculant was HiCoat Super Soybean (HCSS) 1.42 l/t together with the nutrient medium HiCoat Super Extender (HCSE) 1.42 l/t. On average, over four years, the development of soybean root rots, according to the predecessor winter wheat, exceeded the harmfulness threshold in the control variant by 1.3–2.7 times over the years; the maximum indicator was noted in the dry year of 2022 when soybean plants experienced double stress - hydrothermal and biotic. F. oxysporum, F. poae, F. equseti, F. sporotrichioides, and F. solani were isolated from the underground soybean organs during the growing season. The pathogenic complex of soybean root rots also included fungi of the genera Pythium and Rhizoctonia. The biological effectiveness of seed treatment against root rot was 40.2–76.4% and was higher when soybean seedlings developed in moist conditions. The economic efficiency of seed treatment was 103–347% over the years, with a maximum in wet years. The best option for pre-sowing seed treatment is the contact disinfectant Maxim, 2.0 l/t in a tank mixture with the inoculant HiCoat Super Soya (HCSS), 1.42 l/t together with the nutrient medium HiCoat Super Extender (HCSE), 1.42 l/ T. Both fungicidal disinfectants showed a bactericidal effect on symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, reducing the number of nodules to 43.2% and their weight to 38.1%. Treatment and vaccination of soybean seeds positively affected the quality of the resulting crop. The protein content was the highest in the Baritone variant together with the inoculants HCSS + HCSE and amounted to 41.4% versus 36.8% in the control. Dressing agents had a significant positive effect on the quality of soybean seeds of the new crop; the best aftereffect was found in the Maxim variant, 2.0 l/t + inoculants, where the prevalence of all phytopathogens was below the ETH (economic threshold of harmfulness), and germination was maximum.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"91 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140693665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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