Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-199-208
L. N. Vladimirov, V. Machakhtyrova, G. N. Machakhtyrov, Y. Shadrina, S. I. Zarovnyev, V. N. Lukin, M. N. Sleptsova
The results of the analysis of genetic characteristics for 15 microsatellite loci of the modern population of Yakut cattle of the gene pool enterprise of the State Enterprise of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) “Yakut Cattle” are presented. Yakut aboriginal cattle, considered one of the unique local breeds in Russia, are represented by a small population. It is distinguished by exceptionally high frost resistance (down to –60 Cº), unpretentiousness to living conditions and tolerance to insufficient nutrition. A comparative assessment of the allele pool of Yakut cattle was carried out on subpopulations of 7 farms: “Sakkyryr” of the Eveno-Bytantaisky ulus, “Kylys” of the Gorny ulus, “Taastaakh” of the Namsky ulus, “Kullegi” of the Amginsky ulus, “Onkhoi” of the Verkhnevilyuysky ulus, “Akana” of the Nyurbinsky ulus and “ Symakh” Megino-Kangalassky ulus. In total, data on 898 heads of purebred Yakut cattle were analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis, it was established that in all 15 microsatellite loci of Yakut cattle, polymorphism of alleles is widespread from 3 to 10. The most polymorphic is the TGLA53 locus, which has 10 alleles, despite this the number of effective alleles in this locus is only 2.76. Allele 160 (0.534) occurs with the highest frequency at this locus, and 188 (0.009) with the lowest frequency. In loci BM1818, INRA023, the smallest number of alleles was found – 3. Of all the analyzed loci, allele 256 of the SPS115 locus is observed with the highest frequency with an occurrence frequency of 0.733. The rarest alleles occurred with a frequency of 0.002 and 0.004. On average, the number of alleles per locus of indigenous Yakut cattle was 5.91 ± 0.46, which indicates a fairly high consolidation of the population of local purebred Yakut cattle and the lowest genetic diversity of the existing population of local cattle compared to cultivated breeds. A total of 90 alleles were identified in the Yakut cattle population.
{"title":"Genetic diversity of the population of aboriginal yakut cattle by microsatellite locuses","authors":"L. N. Vladimirov, V. Machakhtyrova, G. N. Machakhtyrov, Y. Shadrina, S. I. Zarovnyev, V. N. Lukin, M. N. Sleptsova","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-199-208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-199-208","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the analysis of genetic characteristics for 15 microsatellite loci of the modern population of Yakut cattle of the gene pool enterprise of the State Enterprise of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) “Yakut Cattle” are presented. Yakut aboriginal cattle, considered one of the unique local breeds in Russia, are represented by a small population. It is distinguished by exceptionally high frost resistance (down to –60 Cº), unpretentiousness to living conditions and tolerance to insufficient nutrition. A comparative assessment of the allele pool of Yakut cattle was carried out on subpopulations of 7 farms: “Sakkyryr” of the Eveno-Bytantaisky ulus, “Kylys” of the Gorny ulus, “Taastaakh” of the Namsky ulus, “Kullegi” of the Amginsky ulus, “Onkhoi” of the Verkhnevilyuysky ulus, “Akana” of the Nyurbinsky ulus and “ Symakh” Megino-Kangalassky ulus. In total, data on 898 heads of purebred Yakut cattle were analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis, it was established that in all 15 microsatellite loci of Yakut cattle, polymorphism of alleles is widespread from 3 to 10. The most polymorphic is the TGLA53 locus, which has 10 alleles, despite this the number of effective alleles in this locus is only 2.76. Allele 160 (0.534) occurs with the highest frequency at this locus, and 188 (0.009) with the lowest frequency. In loci BM1818, INRA023, the smallest number of alleles was found – 3. Of all the analyzed loci, allele 256 of the SPS115 locus is observed with the highest frequency with an occurrence frequency of 0.733. The rarest alleles occurred with a frequency of 0.002 and 0.004. On average, the number of alleles per locus of indigenous Yakut cattle was 5.91 ± 0.46, which indicates a fairly high consolidation of the population of local purebred Yakut cattle and the lowest genetic diversity of the existing population of local cattle compared to cultivated breeds. A total of 90 alleles were identified in the Yakut cattle population.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141660885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-259-269
O. I. Sebezhko, O. Korotkevich, T. Konovalova, V. L. Petukhov, N. Kochnev, A. N. Sebezhko, E. Tarasenko
Monitoring hematological parameters in dairy herds is central to assessing animal health and welfare. The main parameters of peripheral blood were studied in healthy cows of Holstein, black-and-white and red breeds at the age of 30-60 days of the 2nd lactation, raised in Western Siberia. Studies of erythrocyte, leukocyte and platelet parameters were carried out on a PCE 90Vet analyzer with smear microscopy for calculating the leukocyte formula. Standard methods of descriptive statistics or robust statistics were used. Intergroup comparisons were performed using one-way analysis of variance or the Krasker-Wallace test. Tukey or Dunn’s method was used for post hoc comparisons. When calculating reference intervals, we used the bootstrap method. The calculated average values of the erythrocyte, platelet and leukocyte components of the hemogram in most cases varied within physiological norms or were on the borderline. Animals of the Holstein breed had the most pronounced adaptive potential. Differences between breeds have been established in almost all studied indicators except the number of red blood cells, MCV, RDW, basophils, band neutrophils, and immunoreactivity index. Cows of the black-andwhite breed were characterized by the highest level of hematocrit (27.99 ± 0.31%), absolute number of eosinophils (Me = 0.207 ×109/l), platelets (279.5 ± 22.13 ×109/l), for red steppe hemoglobin (98.32±1.53 g/l), monocytes (0.29±0.01) and average platelet volume (6.42±0.08 fL). Certain reference intervals for the leukocyte profile of cows provide monitoring of health status, the ability to compare data with other breeds, and also allows for comparative monitoring between regions.
{"title":"Features of hematological status of cows of different breeds of Western Siberia","authors":"O. I. Sebezhko, O. Korotkevich, T. Konovalova, V. L. Petukhov, N. Kochnev, A. N. Sebezhko, E. Tarasenko","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-259-269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-259-269","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring hematological parameters in dairy herds is central to assessing animal health and welfare. The main parameters of peripheral blood were studied in healthy cows of Holstein, black-and-white and red breeds at the age of 30-60 days of the 2nd lactation, raised in Western Siberia. Studies of erythrocyte, leukocyte and platelet parameters were carried out on a PCE 90Vet analyzer with smear microscopy for calculating the leukocyte formula. Standard methods of descriptive statistics or robust statistics were used. Intergroup comparisons were performed using one-way analysis of variance or the Krasker-Wallace test. Tukey or Dunn’s method was used for post hoc comparisons. When calculating reference intervals, we used the bootstrap method. The calculated average values of the erythrocyte, platelet and leukocyte components of the hemogram in most cases varied within physiological norms or were on the borderline. Animals of the Holstein breed had the most pronounced adaptive potential. Differences between breeds have been established in almost all studied indicators except the number of red blood cells, MCV, RDW, basophils, band neutrophils, and immunoreactivity index. Cows of the black-andwhite breed were characterized by the highest level of hematocrit (27.99 ± 0.31%), absolute number of eosinophils (Me = 0.207 ×109/l), platelets (279.5 ± 22.13 ×109/l), for red steppe hemoglobin (98.32±1.53 g/l), monocytes (0.29±0.01) and average platelet volume (6.42±0.08 fL). Certain reference intervals for the leukocyte profile of cows provide monitoring of health status, the ability to compare data with other breeds, and also allows for comparative monitoring between regions.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-189-198
L. V. Vesniba, D. M. Bezmaternyh, Y. A. Vesnin, M. Lassyi
The brine shrimp Artemia is the most common live food used in aquaculture worldwide. In order to manage the fishery of Artemia cysts bioresource it is necessary to determine their stocks, the value of which depends on the bioproductive characteristics of Artemia cysts. The article analyzes the inter-annual dynamics of Artemia cysts abundance, adult individuals of the brine shrimp and its different age stages in different phases of water availability in comparison with their average annual indicators in the main commercial lakes of the Altai Krai: Kulundinskoye, Kuchukskoye, Bolshoye Yarovoye and Maloye Yarovoye. Three or four generations of Artemia are observed in different types of the studied lakes during the vegetation period. It was revealed that Artemia life cycle has 3.7±1.4 generations on average. The length of sexually mature individuals was calculated in Kulundinskoye with average fecundity of females ranging from 16.0–94.0 specimens; in Kuchukskoye – 34.0–45.0; in Bolshoye Yarovoye – 26.6–134.4; in Maloye Yarovoye – 25.0–30.0 specimens. In lakes Kulundinskoye and Bolshoye Yarovoye, the structure of productive characteristics of female crustacean in the composition of thickshell cysts, thin-shell eggs, and live birth is shown. The share of the latter accounts on average from 1.5 to 9.4 %. The correlation coefficient between fecundity and water temperature was calculated – r = 0.80 (p < 0.05). The peculiarity of fecundity variation series on the example of female Artemia of Lake Kulundinskoe in transgressive and regressive phases of water content is shown. The trend of Artemia cysts stocks in hypergaline lakes up to 2030 is revealed.
{"title":"Production potential of the brine shrimp artemia in hypersaline lakes of the plain of the Altai territory","authors":"L. V. Vesniba, D. M. Bezmaternyh, Y. A. Vesnin, M. Lassyi","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-189-198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-189-198","url":null,"abstract":"The brine shrimp Artemia is the most common live food used in aquaculture worldwide. In order to manage the fishery of Artemia cysts bioresource it is necessary to determine their stocks, the value of which depends on the bioproductive characteristics of Artemia cysts. The article analyzes the inter-annual dynamics of Artemia cysts abundance, adult individuals of the brine shrimp and its different age stages in different phases of water availability in comparison with their average annual indicators in the main commercial lakes of the Altai Krai: Kulundinskoye, Kuchukskoye, Bolshoye Yarovoye and Maloye Yarovoye. Three or four generations of Artemia are observed in different types of the studied lakes during the vegetation period. It was revealed that Artemia life cycle has 3.7±1.4 generations on average. The length of sexually mature individuals was calculated in Kulundinskoye with average fecundity of females ranging from 16.0–94.0 specimens; in Kuchukskoye – 34.0–45.0; in Bolshoye Yarovoye – 26.6–134.4; in Maloye Yarovoye – 25.0–30.0 specimens. In lakes Kulundinskoye and Bolshoye Yarovoye, the structure of productive characteristics of female crustacean in the composition of thickshell cysts, thin-shell eggs, and live birth is shown. The share of the latter accounts on average from 1.5 to 9.4 %. The correlation coefficient between fecundity and water temperature was calculated – r = 0.80 (p < 0.05). The peculiarity of fecundity variation series on the example of female Artemia of Lake Kulundinskoe in transgressive and regressive phases of water content is shown. The trend of Artemia cysts stocks in hypergaline lakes up to 2030 is revealed.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141658977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-220-228
D. E. Kudryavtseva, O. V. Rasputina
The article presents the results of studies on the architectonics surface pallium of the telencephalon in American minks of Standard dark brown genotype (+/+) of cage-keeping, domestic cats and silver-black foxes of cage-keeping. The studies were carried out at the Department of Obstetrics, Anatomy and Histology of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education of the Novosibirsk State Agrarian University and based on the experimental fur farm of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences during 2018-2023. Macroscopic examinations and morphometry of brain structures were performed during the study period. Brain sections and telencephalon pallium were found to share a common structure with other carnivorous mammals, but there are species differences in the architectonics of the pallium. The common sulcus in the animals studied were the s. presylvius, s. cruciatus, s. ansatus, s. coronalis, s. marginalis (sagittalis), s. suprasylvius, s. rhinalis lateralis, s. corporis callosi, s. splenialis, s. genualis and fissura pseudosylvia, and the gyrus – g. marginalis, g. precruciatus, g. postcruciatus, g. ectosylvius, g. olfactorius lateralis, g. olfactorius medialis, g. cinguli and g. genualis. In the American mink species-specific sulcus and gyrus include g. proreus, g. suprasylvius and g. coronalis, in the domestic cat – s. diagonalis, s. suprasplenialis and g. splenialis, and in the silver-black fox – s. postcruciatus, s. proreus (orbitalis), s. ectomarginalis, s. ectogenualis and g. ectogenualis. In addition, animals have species-specific subdivision of sulcus and gyrus, as well as the absence of some of them. The absolute brain mass in the American mink was 9.19±0.22 g, 28.65±0.78 g in the domestic cat, and 53.57±0.7 g in the silver-black fox. No differences were found between right and left hemisphere sizes.
{"title":"Species features of the architectonics pallium of the telencephalon in carnivores","authors":"D. E. Kudryavtseva, O. V. Rasputina","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-220-228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-220-228","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of studies on the architectonics surface pallium of the telencephalon in American minks of Standard dark brown genotype (+/+) of cage-keeping, domestic cats and silver-black foxes of cage-keeping. The studies were carried out at the Department of Obstetrics, Anatomy and Histology of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education of the Novosibirsk State Agrarian University and based on the experimental fur farm of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences during 2018-2023. Macroscopic examinations and morphometry of brain structures were performed during the study period. Brain sections and telencephalon pallium were found to share a common structure with other carnivorous mammals, but there are species differences in the architectonics of the pallium. The common sulcus in the animals studied were the s. presylvius, s. cruciatus, s. ansatus, s. coronalis, s. marginalis (sagittalis), s. suprasylvius, s. rhinalis lateralis, s. corporis callosi, s. splenialis, s. genualis and fissura pseudosylvia, and the gyrus – g. marginalis, g. precruciatus, g. postcruciatus, g. ectosylvius, g. olfactorius lateralis, g. olfactorius medialis, g. cinguli and g. genualis. In the American mink species-specific sulcus and gyrus include g. proreus, g. suprasylvius and g. coronalis, in the domestic cat – s. diagonalis, s. suprasplenialis and g. splenialis, and in the silver-black fox – s. postcruciatus, s. proreus (orbitalis), s. ectomarginalis, s. ectogenualis and g. ectogenualis. In addition, animals have species-specific subdivision of sulcus and gyrus, as well as the absence of some of them. The absolute brain mass in the American mink was 9.19±0.22 g, 28.65±0.78 g in the domestic cat, and 53.57±0.7 g in the silver-black fox. No differences were found between right and left hemisphere sizes.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"5 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141661489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-251-258
V. A. Reimer, S. P. Knyazev, V. Y. Lyskova
Artificial incubation of poultry eggs makes it possible to organize year-round production of poultry products, increase productivity and reduce the number of the parent flock of poultry. In studies on incubation eggs of the parent flock of hens of the Ross-308 cross that meet the existing standards, it was found that with different air humidity in the incubator, the efficiency indicators of biotechnology change embryo development, chick hatching and egg hatchability, incubation waste and the intensity of the withdrawal of conditioned young. The optimal humidity in the incubator was in the range of 52–54 %. In this mode, the development of embryos of the first category was at the level of 62.5 %, the hatch of young animals and the hatchability of eggs amounted to 88.5 and 89.4 %, respectively, incubation waste was 4.3–7.3 % lower compared with higher or lower humidity with high intensity of hatchling and profitability of the incubation process. Deviation from the established optimum of air humidity in the incubator is accompanied by deterioration in all studied indicators of broiler reproduction.
{"title":"Breeding of chickens of the ROSS-308 cross at different air humidity in the incubator","authors":"V. A. Reimer, S. P. Knyazev, V. Y. Lyskova","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-251-258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-251-258","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial incubation of poultry eggs makes it possible to organize year-round production of poultry products, increase productivity and reduce the number of the parent flock of poultry. In studies on incubation eggs of the parent flock of hens of the Ross-308 cross that meet the existing standards, it was found that with different air humidity in the incubator, the efficiency indicators of biotechnology change embryo development, chick hatching and egg hatchability, incubation waste and the intensity of the withdrawal of conditioned young. The optimal humidity in the incubator was in the range of 52–54 %. In this mode, the development of embryos of the first category was at the level of 62.5 %, the hatch of young animals and the hatchability of eggs amounted to 88.5 and 89.4 %, respectively, incubation waste was 4.3–7.3 % lower compared with higher or lower humidity with high intensity of hatchling and profitability of the incubation process. Deviation from the established optimum of air humidity in the incubator is accompanied by deterioration in all studied indicators of broiler reproduction.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"31 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141660516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-242-250
M. A. Politova, V. A. Demin, I. V. Chernogar
The authors proposed and approved a new method of performance test for evaluating of dressage and jumping qualities of young horses on the farm and at the inter-farm level to assess the performance inclinations of sports horses. Since the early 1980s, a performance test system has been proposed which included horse’s demonstrating under the saddle with measure of stride length at walk and trot, trot and canter style, as well as assessing jumping performance by free jumping. The changes in the economic conditions of most stud farm, the emergence of a shortage of personnel, as well as greater attention to the welfare of animals, the using of 2-year-old animals under the saddle has been practically stopped. This has confronted science and practice with the task of developing a new system for assessing young animals, which would allow them to reliably identify and evaluate their capabilities with less organizational costs. Since 2005, within the framework of cooperation with the German Hanoverian Society, first on the basis of the Stud farm Elitar, and since 2016 in the Riding Complex Maxima Park, the new type of evaluating of young horses began to be carried out with the involvement of foreign experts. This allowed authors to accumulate significant experience and propose our own methodology for testing young animals in movements and free jumps. The system was tested as part of an interbreed comparison at the exhibition “Equestrian Russia”, as well as in breeding farms in the Budennovskaya (OJSC Stud Farm named after the First Horse Army) and Hannover (LLC Private Stud Farm “Weedern”).For the convenience of assessing performance during grading, new indicators were introduced the dressage index and the jumping index with the determination of the weighting coefficients of individual characteristics. During testing of the methodology, certain patterns were discovered that allowed us to conclude that it is possible to determine specialization and subsequent assignment at 2-3 years of age. In particular, correlations were found (p<0,01) between scores for gaits in a complex of motor indicators: walk-trot 0.46, walk-gallop 0.51, trot-gallop 0.58, in a complex of jumping qualities between jumping style and assessment gallop 0.31, jumping potential and gallop 0.35, between technique and potential – 0.88. The analysis also showed the presence of significant differences between horses of different breeds. No significant differences between colts and fillies was identified.
{"title":"The new methodoly of performance testing for young horses of sport breeds","authors":"M. A. Politova, V. A. Demin, I. V. Chernogar","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-242-250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-242-250","url":null,"abstract":"The authors proposed and approved a new method of performance test for evaluating of dressage and jumping qualities of young horses on the farm and at the inter-farm level to assess the performance inclinations of sports horses. Since the early 1980s, a performance test system has been proposed which included horse’s demonstrating under the saddle with measure of stride length at walk and trot, trot and canter style, as well as assessing jumping performance by free jumping. The changes in the economic conditions of most stud farm, the emergence of a shortage of personnel, as well as greater attention to the welfare of animals, the using of 2-year-old animals under the saddle has been practically stopped. This has confronted science and practice with the task of developing a new system for assessing young animals, which would allow them to reliably identify and evaluate their capabilities with less organizational costs. Since 2005, within the framework of cooperation with the German Hanoverian Society, first on the basis of the Stud farm Elitar, and since 2016 in the Riding Complex Maxima Park, the new type of evaluating of young horses began to be carried out with the involvement of foreign experts. This allowed authors to accumulate significant experience and propose our own methodology for testing young animals in movements and free jumps. The system was tested as part of an interbreed comparison at the exhibition “Equestrian Russia”, as well as in breeding farms in the Budennovskaya (OJSC Stud Farm named after the First Horse Army) and Hannover (LLC Private Stud Farm “Weedern”).For the convenience of assessing performance during grading, new indicators were introduced the dressage index and the jumping index with the determination of the weighting coefficients of individual characteristics. During testing of the methodology, certain patterns were discovered that allowed us to conclude that it is possible to determine specialization and subsequent assignment at 2-3 years of age. In particular, correlations were found (p<0,01) between scores for gaits in a complex of motor indicators: walk-trot 0.46, walk-gallop 0.51, trot-gallop 0.58, in a complex of jumping qualities between jumping style and assessment gallop 0.31, jumping potential and gallop 0.35, between technique and potential – 0.88. The analysis also showed the presence of significant differences between horses of different breeds. No significant differences between colts and fillies was identified.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141661708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-235-241
D. V. Mikryakov, T. A. Nechaeva, T. A. Suvorova, S. V. Kuzmicheva, G. Pronina, V. Nazarov, M. Kovalchuk
Health protection of aquacultured hydrobionts faces the problem of correcting immunodeficiency states of various genesis. Immunosuppression is associated with the development of opportunistic infections. In addition, the immuno-physiological status of farmed fish is directly related to fish production and, consequently, to the economic performance of aquaculture enterprises. The use of immune-correcting drugs in aquaculture is one of the new effective methods of controlling fish diseases. One such drug is Roncoleukin (recombinant interleukin-2), which provides the cellular component of adaptive immunity. Its use in fish farming has yielded positive results in sturgeon, carp and young salmon fish. In 2023 in the cold-water basin farm of IE Romanov (Leningrad Region) on three-year old Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758) the effect of the preparation “Roncoleukin” on the indices of nonspecific immunity was evaluated. As a result of the experiment, the parameters characterizing the intensity of anti-infective immunity of fish bactericidal activity of blood serum, the level of C-reactive protein, the content of circulating nonspecific immune complexes and phagocytic activity of neutrophils were studied. The study showed a high level of bactericidal activity of blood serum in control and experimental fish and, as a consequence, the absence of immunodeficient individuals. The high index of neutrophil phagocytic activity in Arctic char fed Ronkoleikin indicates the stimulating effect of this drug on the mechanisms of cellular immunity. This indirectly confirms the higher content of immune complexes and the number of individuals with a positive level of C-reactive protein in the group of experimental fish.
{"title":"Effect of immunomodulator Roncoleukin on some indices of nonspecific immunity of arctic char","authors":"D. V. Mikryakov, T. A. Nechaeva, T. A. Suvorova, S. V. Kuzmicheva, G. Pronina, V. Nazarov, M. Kovalchuk","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-235-241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-235-241","url":null,"abstract":"Health protection of aquacultured hydrobionts faces the problem of correcting immunodeficiency states of various genesis. Immunosuppression is associated with the development of opportunistic infections. In addition, the immuno-physiological status of farmed fish is directly related to fish production and, consequently, to the economic performance of aquaculture enterprises. The use of immune-correcting drugs in aquaculture is one of the new effective methods of controlling fish diseases. One such drug is Roncoleukin (recombinant interleukin-2), which provides the cellular component of adaptive immunity. Its use in fish farming has yielded positive results in sturgeon, carp and young salmon fish. In 2023 in the cold-water basin farm of IE Romanov (Leningrad Region) on three-year old Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758) the effect of the preparation “Roncoleukin” on the indices of nonspecific immunity was evaluated. As a result of the experiment, the parameters characterizing the intensity of anti-infective immunity of fish bactericidal activity of blood serum, the level of C-reactive protein, the content of circulating nonspecific immune complexes and phagocytic activity of neutrophils were studied. The study showed a high level of bactericidal activity of blood serum in control and experimental fish and, as a consequence, the absence of immunodeficient individuals. The high index of neutrophil phagocytic activity in Arctic char fed Ronkoleikin indicates the stimulating effect of this drug on the mechanisms of cellular immunity. This indirectly confirms the higher content of immune complexes and the number of individuals with a positive level of C-reactive protein in the group of experimental fish.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"9 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141661154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-209-219
E. A. Klimanova, D. A. Alexandrova, N. Kochnev
A review of publications is presented on the diversity of myostatin gene polymorphisms in farm animals. The quality indicators of animal carcasses largely depend on many factors, of which the genotype of the individual plays an important role. Myostatin (MSTN), or growth/differentiation factor 8 (GDF-8), is a protein member of the transforming growth factor (TGF-β) superfamily. The MSTN protein sequence includes a secretion signal sequence, a proteolytic processing site, and a carboxy-terminal region with a conserved pattern of nine cysteine residues. The main function of myostatin is to inhibit the growth of muscle fibers. Myostatin regulates muscle development at key moments in the intrauterine development process: proliferation of muscle precursors, proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. Myostatin expression is most intense in skeletal muscle tissue. Many farm animals have mutations associated with decreased myostatin activity, of which the most pronounced example is double muscle in some beef cattle breeds. In general, mutations in the myostatin gene lead to a qualitative and quantitative increase in muscle mass in meat breeds of farm animals, as well as changes in other characteristics that depend on muscle mass, such as running speed in dogs and horses. The negative consequences of mutations in the myostatin gene include cancer, premature aging, dystrophy, etc., to prevent which heterozygotes are usually given preference in selection.
{"title":"Polymorphisms of the myostatin gene in animals (overreview)","authors":"E. A. Klimanova, D. A. Alexandrova, N. Kochnev","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-209-219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-209-219","url":null,"abstract":"A review of publications is presented on the diversity of myostatin gene polymorphisms in farm animals. The quality indicators of animal carcasses largely depend on many factors, of which the genotype of the individual plays an important role. Myostatin (MSTN), or growth/differentiation factor 8 (GDF-8), is a protein member of the transforming growth factor (TGF-β) superfamily. The MSTN protein sequence includes a secretion signal sequence, a proteolytic processing site, and a carboxy-terminal region with a conserved pattern of nine cysteine residues. The main function of myostatin is to inhibit the growth of muscle fibers. Myostatin regulates muscle development at key moments in the intrauterine development process: proliferation of muscle precursors, proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. Myostatin expression is most intense in skeletal muscle tissue. Many farm animals have mutations associated with decreased myostatin activity, of which the most pronounced example is double muscle in some beef cattle breeds. In general, mutations in the myostatin gene lead to a qualitative and quantitative increase in muscle mass in meat breeds of farm animals, as well as changes in other characteristics that depend on muscle mass, such as running speed in dogs and horses. The negative consequences of mutations in the myostatin gene include cancer, premature aging, dystrophy, etc., to prevent which heterozygotes are usually given preference in selection.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"9 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141661316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-229-234
I. O. Mensh, G. Nozdrin, Ja. V. Novik, N. Yakovleva, A. V. Ukhlova, L. Ermakova
In experimental conditions of the vivarium at the Department of Pharmacology and General Pathology of the Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology of Novosibirsk GAU the effect of the probiotic preparation Vetom 1 based on the microorganism Bacillus subtilis strain DSM 32424 with a concentration of the active component 106 CFU/g on egg production of Japanese quail was studied. The drug was applied in doses of 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg live body weight. The birds were kept in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experiments or Other Scientific Purposes [1] and underwent a preliminary adaptation quarantine, which resulted in an egg-laying rate of 0.30±014 (σ² =4.58) in all experimental (experimental and intact groups). Under the action of probiotic Vetom 1 there is an increase in the proportion of egglaying females of Japanese quail, the changes have a direct dose-dependent character on the whole change of the dose spectrum. At application of the studied preparation there is a decrease in the level of variability of egg weight indicator in quails of experimental groups in comparison with statistically highly variable background indicators of the control group. The changes have a dose-dependent character. The use of probiotic preparation Vetom 1 reduces negative environmental factors (technological stress) impact on egg production of birds, synchronizing the frequency of egg-laying in experimental birds at different dosages of probiotic preparation application.
{"title":"About the influence of a microbial preparation on the egg production of quail","authors":"I. O. Mensh, G. Nozdrin, Ja. V. Novik, N. Yakovleva, A. V. Ukhlova, L. Ermakova","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-229-234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-229-234","url":null,"abstract":"In experimental conditions of the vivarium at the Department of Pharmacology and General Pathology of the Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology of Novosibirsk GAU the effect of the probiotic preparation Vetom 1 based on the microorganism Bacillus subtilis strain DSM 32424 with a concentration of the active component 106 CFU/g on egg production of Japanese quail was studied. The drug was applied in doses of 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg live body weight. The birds were kept in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experiments or Other Scientific Purposes [1] and underwent a preliminary adaptation quarantine, which resulted in an egg-laying rate of 0.30±014 (σ² =4.58) in all experimental (experimental and intact groups). Under the action of probiotic Vetom 1 there is an increase in the proportion of egglaying females of Japanese quail, the changes have a direct dose-dependent character on the whole change of the dose spectrum. At application of the studied preparation there is a decrease in the level of variability of egg weight indicator in quails of experimental groups in comparison with statistically highly variable background indicators of the control group. The changes have a dose-dependent character. The use of probiotic preparation Vetom 1 reduces negative environmental factors (technological stress) impact on egg production of birds, synchronizing the frequency of egg-laying in experimental birds at different dosages of probiotic preparation application.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"78 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141662650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-270-280
О. L. Khromova, N. Abramova, M. Selimyan, N. V. Zenkova
In selection and breeding work with cattle for dairy productivity, it is important to select the best individuals and their effective use in populations. The purpose of the study was to study the origin, genealogical affiliation, genotype and breeding value of sires from which cows with record productivity were obtained. The study was carried out on 15 sires fathers of 20 record-breaking cows of the black and white breed of breeding farms in the Vologda region. Based on the results of studying the origin of bulls from which cows with record productivity were obtained, it was found that out of 15 sires, 9 bulls were imported and 6 were obtained from breeding farms of the Russian Federation. Four bulls born in Russian breeding farms have one or both parents of foreign origin.The majority (14) of the record-breaking fathers have from 94% to 100% Holstein blood in their genotype and belong to the genealogical lines of the Holstein selection. The genetic potential of the sires was realized by recordbreaking daughters by 101.9% 176.7%. Based on the results of calculating the selection differential, it was established that all bulls had a positive effect on the milk productivity of the studied offspring. Their daughters are superior in milk yield for the highest lactation of their mothers from 1052 kg to 9222 kg of milk. The study of the breeding value of bulls obtained from the results of a centralized assessment using the BLUP method showed that 12 out of 15 studied bulls fathers of record cows are improvers in terms of milk productivity. The study showed the significant contribution of foreign genetics to the production of highly productive animals in domestic herds. As a result of many years of breeding work, animals with high productivity potential have been created, which must be used to obtain competitive domestic breeding material.
{"title":"He origin and breeding value of the breeding bulls from which cows with record productivity were obtained","authors":"О. L. Khromova, N. Abramova, M. Selimyan, N. V. Zenkova","doi":"10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-270-280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2024-71-2-270-280","url":null,"abstract":"In selection and breeding work with cattle for dairy productivity, it is important to select the best individuals and their effective use in populations. The purpose of the study was to study the origin, genealogical affiliation, genotype and breeding value of sires from which cows with record productivity were obtained. The study was carried out on 15 sires fathers of 20 record-breaking cows of the black and white breed of breeding farms in the Vologda region. Based on the results of studying the origin of bulls from which cows with record productivity were obtained, it was found that out of 15 sires, 9 bulls were imported and 6 were obtained from breeding farms of the Russian Federation. Four bulls born in Russian breeding farms have one or both parents of foreign origin.The majority (14) of the record-breaking fathers have from 94% to 100% Holstein blood in their genotype and belong to the genealogical lines of the Holstein selection. The genetic potential of the sires was realized by recordbreaking daughters by 101.9% 176.7%. Based on the results of calculating the selection differential, it was established that all bulls had a positive effect on the milk productivity of the studied offspring. Their daughters are superior in milk yield for the highest lactation of their mothers from 1052 kg to 9222 kg of milk. The study of the breeding value of bulls obtained from the results of a centralized assessment using the BLUP method showed that 12 out of 15 studied bulls fathers of record cows are improvers in terms of milk productivity. The study showed the significant contribution of foreign genetics to the production of highly productive animals in domestic herds. As a result of many years of breeding work, animals with high productivity potential have been created, which must be used to obtain competitive domestic breeding material.","PeriodicalId":124451,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University)","volume":"3 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141661992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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