Forest Policy and Economics最新文献_第8页

Valuation of forested river riparian buffers: Support for riverine integrity and climate resilience 森林河流缓冲带的评估：对河流完整性和气候适应能力的支持

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103406

Mallory Phillips , Kevin J. Boyle , Kristen Swedberg

This study investigates the connection between river riparian buffers and property values. The buffers protect the integrity of aquatic ecosystems and support resilience to rising temperatures and severe storms due to climate change. A hedonic study using 18,782 property sales was conducted to estimate the value of riverfront land and forested riparian buffers along the New and Watauga Rivers in North Carolina. Property owners place a significant value on river frontage and the associated amenities – 30 % of a riverfront property value is attributable to the river frontage, about $133,653 of a mean property value of $445,510. Owners of river-front properties value forested riparian buffers but there is a catch, they do not want all the riparian buffer on their land forested. Property sale prices increase as the percentage of the riparian buffer that is forested increases and prices are maximized at 40 % tree cover. At 40 % tree cover, 37 % property sale prices are attributable to riparian tree cover. However, with 100 % tree cover property values are reduced by about $175,000 relative to an average priced property with no riparian tree cover. The results can help government agencies and NGOs interested in riverine ecosystem resilience in the face of development and climate change to motivate revegetation of riparian buffers with limited tree cover; it is in the financial, and esthetic, interest of landowners to increase the forested portion of their riparian buffer. If extensive tree cover is desired, say greater than 50 % forested, landowner education and revegetation cost-sharing programs are unlikely to provide sufficient incentives to garner landowner participation and more sophisticated programing is required.

本研究探讨了河流缓冲带与财产价值之间的关系。缓冲区保护了水生生态系统的完整性，并支持对气候变化导致的气温上升和严重风暴的抵御能力。一项利用18782笔房产交易进行的享乐研究估计了北卡罗来纳州新河和瓦托加河沿岸河滨土地和森林河岸缓冲地带的价值。业主对河滨及相关设施的重视程度很高——河滨物业价值的30%可归因于河滨，在平均物业价值445,510美元中约占133,653美元。滨河物业的所有者重视森林覆盖的河岸缓冲带，但有一个问题，他们不希望自己土地上的所有河岸缓冲带都被森林覆盖。随着河岸缓冲地带森林覆盖率的增加，房地产销售价格也随之上涨，而当树木覆盖率达到40%时，价格达到最大值。在40%的树木覆盖率下，37%的物业销售价格归因于河岸树木覆盖。然而，与没有河岸树木覆盖的平均价格相比，100%树木覆盖的物业价值减少了约17.5万美元。研究结果可以帮助政府机构和非政府组织在面对发展和气候变化时关注河流生态系统的恢复能力，以激励树木覆盖有限的河岸缓冲带的植被恢复；增加河岸缓冲地带的森林部分符合土地所有者的经济利益和审美利益。如果想要广泛的树木覆盖，比如超过50%的森林覆盖，土地所有者教育和造林成本分摊方案不太可能提供足够的激励来吸引土地所有者的参与，需要更复杂的规划。

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引用次数: 0

Stakeholder views of adaptation measures to improve climate resilience: Case study evidence from European wood value chains 利益相关者对提高气候适应能力的适应措施的看法：来自欧洲木材价值链的案例研究证据

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103379

Annechien Dirkje Hoeben, Marie Lautrup, Julius Willig, Sandra P. García-Jácome, Martin Jankovský, Anne Toppinen, Dijana Vuletić, Mikko Peltoniemi, Tobias Stern

This study examines stakeholders' views of the feasibility and effectiveness of climate change adaptation measures across selected wood value chains in Europe based on survey data from 182 respondents. Respondents view the future implementation of adaptation measures as more feasible and effective than present implementation. Managers of conifer forests see more opportunities for implementing measures than managers of non-coniferous forests. This may be ascribed to the many measures currently being applied in countries with even-aged, non-site-adapted vulnerable coniferous forests. Furthermore, measures that predominantly increase resilience against bark beetle outbreaks and windthrow events are viewed more effective in coniferous forests, where these events are more frequent. Softwood processing experts generally consider implementing measures at processing facilities as less feasible and effective than hardwood processing experts. This may be due to the benefits gained by some softwood value chain segments from lower roundwood prices (which also applies to the lower-quality segments of hardwood processing), the more diversified raw material base in the softwood value chain and in secondary and tertiary processing facilities, and the hardwood industry's dominant reliance on high-quality wood, which cannot be harvested prematurely. Policy implications include prioritising measures with high effectiveness and resolving barriers to their feasibility. The findings highlight the need to invest in infrastructure and transition to mixed-species forests to create and manage climate-resilient forests effectively. Non-coniferous forests also require a shift from even-aged to uneven-aged stands. Respondents from the processing industry prioritise investments in infrastructure and acquiring flexible machinery for processing diverse tree species and damaged wood.

本研究基于182名受访者的调查数据，考察了利益相关者对欧洲选定木材价值链中气候变化适应措施的可行性和有效性的看法。答复者认为，适应措施的未来实施比目前的实施更加可行和有效。针叶林的管理者比非针叶林的管理者更有机会实施措施。这可能是由于目前在具有平均年龄、不适应地点的脆弱针叶林的国家所采取的许多措施。此外，在针叶林中，主要提高对树皮甲虫爆发和大风事件的抵御能力的措施被认为更有效，因为这些事件更频繁。软木加工专家一般认为在加工设施实施措施不如硬木加工专家可行和有效。这可能是由于一些软木价值链部门从较低的圆木价格中获益（这也适用于硬木加工的低质量部分），软木价值链和二级和三级加工设施的原材料基础更加多样化，以及硬木工业主要依赖于优质木材，这些木材不能过早采伐。政策影响包括确定高效措施的优先次序和解决其可行性的障碍。研究结果强调了投资基础设施和向混合物种森林过渡的必要性，以有效地创建和管理具有气候适应性的森林。非针叶林也需要从平均年龄到不均匀年龄的林分转变。来自加工业的受访者优先考虑基础设施投资和获得加工不同树种和受损木材的灵活机械。

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引用次数: 0

Biodiversity conservation in private forests: Preferences of Latvian forest owners in the context of involuntary conservation 私人森林的生物多样性保护：拉脱维亚森林所有者在非自愿保护背景下的偏好

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103369

Ģirts Baranovskis , Oļģerts Nikodemus , Didzis Elferts , Guntis Brūmelis , Agita Līviņa , Anda Mežgaile

Private forests play an important role in biodiversity conservation. Countries utilize various mechanisms for integrating private forests into biodiversity conservation strategies. While voluntary private forest conservation of biodiversity dominates in Nordic Europe countries, in Latvia the involuntary approach remains the main biodiversity conservation path. We aimed to explore the attitude of Latvian forest owners towards existing forest biodiversity conservation mechanisms, and preferences regarding potential motivating mechanisms. Our survey (analysis of 599 responses) was targeted on forest owners who had experienced biodiversity conservation related restrictions under involuntary conservation and who owned forest properties with significant biodiversity values. Our results suggested that owners of small forest properties under 5 ha, who are less financially dependent on forestry income and lack forestry education, as well as female forest owners, are more positive towards biodiversity conservation measures. Our results showed that most forest owners were not ready to accept substantial forestry restrictions. However, they would be ready to accept minor forestry restrictions such as no felling during bird breeding season and obligation of retention of a greater number of ecologically important trees and deadwood. Most forest owners considered the existing compensation system (annual payments) to be unfair. However, our results did not reveal larger acceptance for a voluntary conservation approach, as opposed to the existing system. Provision of information regarding biodiversity conservation in forest management remains a crucial task, however it primarily should be addressed through the forestry education system and forestry institution information channels.

私人森林在保护生物多样性方面发挥着重要作用。各国利用各种机制将私人森林纳入生物多样性保护战略。虽然自愿的私人森林生物多样性养护在北欧国家占主导地位，但在拉脱维亚，非自愿的办法仍然是生物多样性养护的主要途径。我们旨在探讨拉脱维亚森林所有者对现有森林生物多样性保护机制的态度，以及对潜在激励机制的偏好。我们的调查（分析了599份回复）针对的是在非自愿保护下经历过生物多样性保护相关限制的森林所有者，以及拥有具有重要生物多样性价值的森林财产的森林所有者。研究结果表明，经济上对林业收入依赖程度较低、缺乏林业教育的5公顷以下小型林场所有者以及女性林场所有者对生物多样性保护措施的态度更为积极。我们的研究结果表明，大多数森林所有者还没有准备好接受实质性的林业限制。不过，它们愿意接受轻微的林业限制，例如在鸟类繁殖季节不准砍伐，以及有义务保留更多具有生态重要性的树木和枯木。大多数森林所有者认为现有的补偿制度（每年支付）是不公平的。然而，我们的研究结果并没有显示出与现有系统相反，人们对自愿保护方法的接受程度更大。提供关于森林管理中生物多样性保护的资料仍然是一项关键任务，但这主要应通过林业教育系统和林业机构的资料渠道来解决。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of foreign direct investment on innovation in China's forest products industry 外商直接投资对中国林产品产业创新的影响

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103371

Bingqian Tu , Ze Chen , Jingqi Dang

The forestry industry, with its high resource dependence, long production cycles, and extensive development modes, lags behind other industries in terms of innovation. This study examines the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on product innovation in China's forest products industry. We use data from 146,526 forest products enterprises spanning the years 1998 to 2013, merged with patent application records from the China National Patent Database, and employ a two-way fixed effects model. Our estimates show that a 10 % increase in FDI is associated with a 0.86 % increase in patent applications, a smaller effect than in other industries. In particular, we examine how this positive effect of FDI on innovation is affected by the specific production and layout features of the forest products industry. We find that this effect is greater in regions rich in forest resources and non-coastal areas. Additionally, enterprises in this industry often focus on strategic innovations, such as product design, rather than substantial technological change, with innovation priorities differing across sub-sectors. Mechanism analyses reveal that FDI promotes innovation in forest products enterprises by increasing R&D investments, optimizing the marketing environment, and alleviating financial constraints. Extended analyses indicate significant spillover effects of FDI-driven innovation across the industry, especially between the upstream and downstream segments of the supply chain. We advise the global forest products industry to consider these unique production and layout features in their development strategies, and suggest a reorientation of government innovation policies toward long-term goals.

林业产业资源依存度高、生产周期长、发展方式粗放，创新能力落后于其他产业。本研究探讨外商直接投资对中国林产品产业产品创新的影响。本文采用1998 - 2013年146526家林产品企业的数据，并结合中国国家专利数据库的专利申请记录，采用双向固定效应模型。我们的估计表明，外国直接投资增加10%，专利申请增加0.86%，影响小于其他行业。我们特别研究了林产品产业的特定生产和布局特征如何影响FDI对创新的积极作用。我们发现，在森林资源丰富的地区和非沿海地区，这种影响更大。此外，该行业的企业通常关注战略创新，如产品设计，而不是实质性的技术变革，各子行业的创新重点有所不同。机制分析表明，FDI通过增加研发投入、优化营销环境、缓解资金约束等方式促进林产品企业创新。扩展分析表明，fdi驱动的创新在整个行业，特别是在供应链的上游和下游环节之间具有显著的溢出效应。我们建议全球林产品产业在其发展战略中考虑这些独特的生产和布局特征，并建议政府将创新政策重新定位于长期目标。

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引用次数: 0

An integrated conflict analysis approach for the sustainable supply of Forest Ecosystem Services in Germany - the case of forest-based biofuel production 德国森林生态系统服务可持续供应的综合冲突分析方法——以森林生物燃料生产为例

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103361

Gino Garcia, Carsten Mann, Tobias Cremer

The increased harvesting of forest biomass for biofuel production in Germany could lead to trade-offs in the provision of forest ecosystem services (FES). The potential conflicts between already existing forest users and proponents of biofuels from forest biomass are insufficiently investigated. In this paper, we propose an innovative step-wise methodology for analysing the conflicts that could arise due to a foreseen increase in scarcity of various forest goods and services, as well as formulating sustainable conflict management strategies. Based on a mixed study design for triangulation, we carried out twelve expert interviews, two workshops and three focus group discussions in order to assess potential conflicts and to deepen strategies to deal with them. We found that most of our participants were against the prospect of using forest biomass for biofuel production partially due to possible negative consequences for biodiversity, climate regulation, and other FES. Study participants also asserted that there is a lack of information regarding the claimed benefits from biofuels from forest biomass. Participative processes, market-based instruments, and policy harmonization are strategies proposed to alleviate conflicts among forest users. Our insights could help the forest policy decision-making process by increasing transparency regarding possible trade-offs and strategies, which could improve sustainability in forest management.

在德国，用于生物燃料生产的森林生物质采伐的增加可能导致在提供森林生态系统服务（FES）方面的权衡。现有的森林使用者和从森林生物质中提取生物燃料的支持者之间的潜在冲突没有得到充分的调查。在本文中，我们提出了一种创新的渐进式方法，用于分析由于各种森林产品和服务的可预见的稀缺性增加而可能产生的冲突，以及制定可持续的冲突管理战略。基于三角测量的混合研究设计，我们进行了12次专家访谈、2次研讨会和3次焦点小组讨论，以评估潜在冲突并深化处理冲突的策略。我们发现，大多数与会者反对利用森林生物质生产生物燃料的前景，部分原因是可能对生物多样性、气候调节和其他FES产生负面影响。研究参与者还断言，缺乏关于从森林生物质中提取生物燃料所声称的好处的信息。参与性进程、基于市场的工具和政策协调是缓解森林使用者之间冲突的建议策略。我们的见解可以通过提高可能的权衡和战略的透明度来帮助森林政策决策过程，从而提高森林管理的可持续性。

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引用次数: 0

Factors influencing the expressed willingness to transition from collection to cultivation of non-timber forest products: The case of Caesalpinia spinosa in southern Ecuador 影响从采集到种植非木材林产品的表达意愿的因素：厄瓜多尔南部杉木的案例

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103366

Diana Encalada , Luz María Castro , Omar Cabrera , Pablo Ramón , Fabián Reyes-Bueno , Carola Paul

Planting trees with additional non-timber products (NTFPs) (such as fruits) in agricultural lands is emerging as an important strategy in Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR) to enhance the provision of ecosystem services and improve habitat quality. In many cases, the planting of NTFP trees follows a transition from collecting NTFPs in natural forests to integrating the respective trees into agricultural farms with ecological and socio-economic implications. Therefore, understanding the current practice and challenges of current NTFP collection and willingness for cultivation is crucial to effectively use such land-use trajectories for FLR. In this study, we investigate the case of Caesalpinia spinosa (tara), whose fruits provide an emerging NTFP in southern Ecuador. Using household data from 125 households currently collecting tara fruits, we first describe the relatively young production system and then use a Heckman two-step econometric model to identify the factors influencing the expressed willingness to cultivate tara trees on farms and the area to be cultivated. The econometric model results show that the characteristics of tara collection and trade (gender of collectors, distance to the collection site, and management practices) are important determinants of tara cultivation. However, it's the household labor availability and farm characteristics that play a significant role in impacting the willingness to cultivate. The area to be cultivated was mainly influenced by household labor and economic characteristics, and tara collection and trade (management practices) characteristics. Our findings help to understand NTFP-related land-use transitions, thus supporting the design of appropriate and specific policy interventions for the sustainable development of NTFPs.

在农业用地上种植具有额外非木材产品（如水果）的树木正成为森林景观恢复（FLR）的一项重要战略，以加强生态系统服务的提供和改善栖息地质量。在许多情况下，种植非热带森林资源树木的过程是从在天然林中收集非热带森林资源过渡到将相应的树木纳入具有生态和社会经济影响的农业农场。因此，了解当前NTFP收集的实践和挑战以及种植意愿对于有效利用这些土地利用轨迹进行FLR至关重要。在这项研究中，我们调查了在厄瓜多尔南部，其果实提供了一个新兴的非热带植物感染（NTFP）的凯撒pinia spinosa（塔拉）的情况。我们使用125个目前正在采集塔拉果实的家庭数据，首先描述了相对年轻的生产系统，然后使用Heckman两步计量经济模型来确定影响农场种植塔拉树的意愿和种植面积的因素。计量经济模型结果表明，塔拉采集和交易的特征（采集者的性别、与采集地点的距离和管理实践）是塔拉种植的重要决定因素。然而，家庭劳动力可用性和农场特征在影响耕种意愿方面起着重要作用。种植面积主要受家庭劳动和经济特征、塔拉采集和贸易（管理实践）特征的影响。我们的研究结果有助于理解与ntfs相关的土地利用转变，从而支持设计适当和具体的政策干预措施，以实现ntfs的可持续发展。

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引用次数: 0

Comparing Nordic forest governance: Key informant perspectives 比较北欧森林治理：关键信息者视角

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103368

Ayonghe A. Nebasifu , Dalia D'Amato , Hanna Ekström , Niina Pietarinen , Alexia Fridén , Teemu Harrinkari , Bogomil Iliev , Huntley Brownell , Wilhelm May , Maria Brockhaus , Marianne Thomsen , Nils Droste

There is a growing call for comparative analyses of forest governance to facilitate knowledge exchange for the sustainable management of Nordic forest systems, addressing the needs of societal stakeholders in enhancing both the quality and quantity of forest resources. This study traces the development of nation-wide policy instruments implemented in four Nordic countries; Finland, Sweden, Norway and Denmark between 1970 and 2023, based on interviews among forest policy scholars and other research experts. Using an analytical framework that highlights the relations between policy intervention, change, impact, and learning, we compare central government practices and private actor initiatives in the Nordic countries that address the ecological, social, and economic values of forests. We find a common trend towards multifunctionality and soft governance as well as differences in the use of economic instruments and certification standardization. This study also considers insights into developments in Nordic forest governance, the enabling and impeding factors for past trends and outcomes and discusses the learning of this change towards equity in the multifunctional use of forests.

越来越多的人呼吁对森林治理进行比较分析，以促进北欧森林系统可持续管理方面的知识交流，满足社会利益攸关方在提高森林资源的质量和数量方面的需要。本研究追溯了四个北欧国家实施的全国性政策工具的发展；根据对森林政策学者和其他研究专家的采访，芬兰、瑞典、挪威和丹麦在1970年至2023年之间。我们使用一个分析框架，突出政策干预、变化、影响和学习之间的关系，比较了北欧国家中央政府在解决森林的生态、社会和经济价值方面的做法和私人行动者的倡议。我们发现了多功能和软治理的共同趋势，以及在使用经济工具和认证标准化方面的差异。本研究还考虑了对北欧森林治理发展的见解，过去趋势和结果的促成和阻碍因素，并讨论了在森林多功能利用方面朝向公平的这种变化的学习。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial effects of ecological cognition on firewood collection by households in protected areas: An analysis based on the giant panda nature reserves 生态认知对保护区居民拾柴行为的空间影响——基于大熊猫自然保护区的分析

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103360

Yijing Zhang, Duxun Zhang, Jinyu Shen, Wei Duan

The issues of unbalanced and inadequate energy development in rural China remain prominent, particularly in areas rich in natural resources, such as nature reserves, where households still tend to rely on traditional energy utilization modes. On one hand, the traditional use of firewood for energy results in low energy efficiency and indoor air pollution; On the other hand, it exacerbates problems such as habitat degradation for wildlife and environmental collapse. Although previous studies have explored rural energy source utilization from varies of aspects, there are still limitations in examining the impact of ecological cognition on household behaviors from a spatial correlation perspective. This study conducts a field survey of rural households in the giant panda nature reserves in Sichuan and Shaanxi Provinces to explore the impact of ecological cognition on rural households' firewood collection behaviors. By incorporating a spatial weight matrix, the study further analyzes the spatial spillover effects and the spatial heterogeneity of ecological cognition on rural households' firewood collection. The results show that: (1) ecological cognition significantly reduces firewood collection behaviors; (2) household income also decreases the consumption of firewood energy; (3) ecological cognition exhibits spatial spillover effects on rural households' firewood collection, indicating that household ecological cognition can impact surrounding households' ecological cognition and indirectly affect their firewood collection behaviors; and (4) significant spatial heterogeneity exists inside and outside the protected area. Ecological cognition significantly influences the firewood utilization of rural households within protected areas through spatial spillover effects, whereas its impact outside the protected areas is minimal. Strengthening forest ecological education to further raise ecological awareness, focusing on low-income households to provide energy subsidies, and utilizing the spatial spillover effects to enhance information dissemination channels are recommended for policy implications.

中国农村能源发展不平衡不充分的问题仍然突出，特别是在自然保护区等自然资源丰富的地区，家庭仍然倾向于依靠传统的能源利用方式。一方面，传统使用柴火作为能源导致能源效率低和室内空气污染；另一方面，它加剧了野生动物栖息地退化和环境崩溃等问题。虽然以往的研究从多个方面探讨了农村能源利用，但从空间关联的角度考察生态认知对农户行为的影响仍然存在局限性。本研究通过对四川和陕西大熊猫自然保护区农户的实地调查，探讨生态认知对农户拾柴行为的影响。通过引入空间权重矩阵，进一步分析农户拾柴行为的空间溢出效应和生态认知的空间异质性。结果表明：(1)生态认知显著降低了柴火采集行为；(2)家庭收入也降低了柴火能源的消耗；(3)生态认知对农户拾柴行为具有空间溢出效应，农户生态认知会影响周边农户的生态认知，间接影响农户拾柴行为；(4)保护区内外存在显著的空间异质性。生态认知通过空间溢出效应显著影响保护区内农户的薪柴利用，而对保护区外农户的影响最小。建议加强森林生态教育，进一步提高生态意识；以低收入家庭为重点，提供能源补贴；利用空间溢出效应，加强信息传播渠道。

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引用次数: 0

Balancing investments in ecosystem services for sustainable forest governance 平衡生态系统服务投资，促进可持续森林治理

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2024-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103364

Elisabeth Veivåg Helseth , Pål Vedeld , Erik Gómez-Baggethun

Economic instruments like subsidies and tax reliefs are widely used to promote forest ecosystem services. However, such instruments typically target services traded in markets, whereas non-market services are declining worldwide. With Norway as a case, we map economic instruments used in Norwegian forest governance and examine how they promote or constrain forests' capacity to provide different ecosystem services. Data was collected from a review of policy documents and fiscal budgets, compared with data on trends and condition of ecosystem services from Norwegian forests. Three main results are highlighted. First, the main economic instruments are markets for forest products and amenities, forestry certification schemes, and government expenditures. Second, ecosystem services traded in markets like timber (578 mill €/y) and hunting licenses (74.1 mill €/y) attract the lion's share of forest investments, amounting to around 652.1 mill. Euros per year, whereas aggregated investments in non-market ecosystem services like habitat provision (43.44 mill €/y) and carbon sequestration (2.53 mill €/y) remain an order of magnitude smaller. Third, most instruments target services for which forests show increasing capacity, while some services in poor condition or declining supply, are underprioritized or undermined through investments in competing services. Moreover, our results suggest that the current use of economic instruments primarily aligns with the sustainability pathways of green economy/green growth or nature protection. We argue that sustainable forest governance in Norway will require major reallocations of investments to support a broader array of forest values, combined with policy attention to alternative sustainability pathways.

补贴和税收减免等经济手段被广泛用于促进森林生态系统服务。然而，这些手段通常针对的是在市场上交易的服务，而非市场服务在全球范围内都在减少。以挪威为例，我们绘制了挪威森林治理中使用的经济手段图，并研究了这些手段如何促进或限制森林提供不同生态系统服务的能力。我们通过审查政策文件和财政预算收集数据，并与挪威森林生态系统服务的趋势和状况数据进行比较。其中强调了三个主要结果。首先，主要的经济手段是森林产品和设施市场、林业认证计划和政府支出。其次，在木材（5.78 亿欧元/年）和狩猎许可证（7410 万欧元/年）等市场上交易的生态系统服务吸引了大部分森林投资，每年约达 6.521 亿欧元。年）和碳固存（253 万欧元/年）等非市场生态系统服务的投资总额仍然少得多。第三，大多数工具针对的是森林能力不断提高的服务，而一些状况不佳或供应量下降的服务则未被优先考虑或因投资于竞争性服务而被削弱。此外，我们的研究结果表明，目前经济手段的使用主要符合绿色经济/绿色增长或自然保护的可持续发展途径。我们认为，挪威的可持续森林治理需要对投资进行重大重新分配，以支持更广泛的森林价值，同时在政策上关注其他可持续发展途径。

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引用次数: 0

A generalized Faustmann model with multiple carbon pools 具有多个碳库的广义福斯特曼模型

IF 4 2区农林科学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Forest Policy and Economics

Pub Date : 2024-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103363

Zhihan Yu , Zhuo Ning , Han Zhang , Hongqiang Yang , Sun Joseph Chang

In the context of “carbon neutrality”, it is crucial to accurately account for forest carbon sequestration, including living tree biomass, dead organic matter, and harvested wood products. This study develops a generalized Faustmann model, including carbon sequestration in multiple carbon pools under different assumptions of the decay modes of harvested wood products. Then, a comparative statics analysis of key parameters of dead organic matter and the harvested wood product carbon pool is conducted. The results show that the effect of the carbon pool parameters of dead organic matter and harvested wood products' on the optimal rotation usually depends on the economic environment, such as the discount rate and the time of their changes. Results of our case study indicate that considering the carbon sequestration in multiple carbon pools increases land expectation value and forest land carbon stocks. Meanwhile, different harvest wood products types and decay modes affect the optimal rotation differently. Our results demonstrate that different carbon accounting methodologies should be established for different types of harvested wood products, such as exponential decay for paper and paperboard and chi-square decay for solid wood products. It is also necessary to expand the outlets of harvested wood products in wood-based building materials and extend their half-lives.

在 "碳中和 "的背景下，准确计算森林固碳量（包括活树生物量、死亡有机物和伐木制品）至关重要。本研究建立了一个广义的福斯特曼模型，包括在不同的伐木制品衰变模式假设下多个碳库的固碳。然后，对死亡有机物和伐木制品碳库的关键参数进行了比较静力学分析。结果表明，死亡有机物和伐木制品碳库参数对最佳轮伐的影响通常取决于经济环境，如折现率和变化时间。案例研究结果表明，考虑多个碳库的固碳作用可提高土地期望值和林地碳储量。同时，不同的伐木产品类型和腐朽模式对最佳轮伐期的影响也不同。我们的研究结果表明，应针对不同类型的采伐木产品建立不同的碳核算方法，如纸和纸板采用指数衰变法，实木制品采用卡方衰变法。此外，还有必要扩大木基建筑材料中伐木制品的销路，并延长其半衰期。

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