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STYLISTIC ADEQUACY OF TRANSLATION WHEN TRANSFERRING TAJIK FIGURES OF CONTRAST INTO RUSSIAN 塔吉克语对比图译入俄语时的文体充分性
Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.28995/2686-7249-2021-10-259-267
Rafohat M. Sultanova
This article is concerned with translatability and non-translatability of stylistic techniques, in particular, the issues of the reproduction of Tajik antithesis constructions in Russian, as one of the most popular figures of contrast. The topic, according to the author, is very relevant, because at the present stage of its development, Tajik science does not have research that is somehow related to the antithesis as a linguistic concept. Based on a large material of samples of the antithesis expressions drawn from modern Tajik short prose, the author attempts a comparative analysis of the original and translated texts, while identifying cases of using translation transformations and the degree of stylistic adequacy of translation.
本文探讨了文体技巧的可译性和不可译性,特别是塔吉克语对偶结构在俄语中的再现问题,塔吉克语对偶结构是最常见的对比手法之一。作者认为,这个题目非常相关,因为在其发展的目前阶段,塔吉克科学还没有将对立作为一种语言学概念进行某种程度的研究。作者从现代塔吉克短散文中抽取了大量对偶表达的样本材料,试图对原文和译文进行比较分析,同时确定使用翻译转换的情况和翻译风格的适当程度。
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引用次数: 0
THE PROBLEM-AXIOLOGICAL APPROACH TO TEACHING OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE FOR STUDENTS’ NON-NATIVE SPEECH 问题价值论在学生非母语教学中的应用
Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.28995/2686-7249-2021-10-250-258
Marina A. Kocharyan
The article is concerned with teaching the foreign language speech for students of non-linguistic specialties in the context of the problemaxiological approach to teaching Russian as a foreign language. The author substantiates a practical value of the problem-based learning, which contributes to ensuring active speech practice of students, and also justifies the need of developing not only subject knowledge, communicative competence, but also the formation of spiritual and moral values. The attention is drawn toward the text-centric approach to the study of professionally oriented texts with the further formation of speaking as a type of speech behavior at the post-text stage. Concrete examples of tasks are given that provide an opportunity to increase the motivation of students of technical specialties, enrich their background knowledge, which also leads to the development of socio-cultural competence.
本文探讨了在问题论的俄语教学背景下,对非语言专业学生进行外语演讲教学的问题。本文论证了问题型学习的实践价值,指出问题型学习不仅有利于学生积极的言语实践,而且有利于学生学科知识、交际能力的发展,也有利于学生精神道德价值观的形成。随着言语在后语篇阶段作为一种言语行为的进一步形成,以文本为中心的方法被吸引到专业导向语篇的研究中。任务的具体例子提供了一个机会,以增加技术专业学生的动机,丰富他们的背景知识,这也导致社会文化能力的发展。
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引用次数: 1
THE FORMATION OF THE IMAGE OF THE VICTORIAN NOVEL IN THE “VESTNIK EVROPY” (1870S) 《vestnik evropy》(19世纪70年代)中维多利亚时代小说形象的形成
Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.28995/2686-7249-2021-10-187-198
E. Samorodnitskaya
The article examines the formation of the image of the Victorian novel in the journal “Vestnik Evropy” of the 1870s on the basis of critical responses to current publications. The magazine presents a fairly representative picture of modern English literature, covering both the writers of the “first” literary row (A. Trollope, G. Eliot), and the authors of popular fiction (W. Collins, M. Braddon, R. Boughton, etc.). Critical reviews often show a certain subjectivity (A.-A. Renyard), but, as a rule, they are characterized by an attempt to comprehensively describe the modern novel as a phenomenon. It is considered and evaluated from the point of view of compliance with the principles of realistic poetics with attention to social issues. Not surprisingly, the preference is given to A. Trollope and G. Eliot, while the “sensational” novel causes difficulties: critics either put it low because of its focus on external entertainment (L.A. Polonsky), or try to find worthy features in it, such as an interest in acute social issues (N.A. Tal’). The author of the article comes to the conclusion that literary criticism notices the complexity and heterogeneity of the Victorian novel (without using such a notion), but when analyzing it, he rather tries to fit the phenomenon under consideration into a predetermined paradigm, which can not but lead to simplification.
本文在对当时出版物的评论反应的基础上,考察了19世纪70年代《Vestnik Evropy》杂志上维多利亚时代小说形象的形成。这本杂志呈现了一幅相当有代表性的现代英国文学的图画,既包括“第一”文学作家(a .特罗洛普、G.艾略特),也包括通俗小说作家(W.柯林斯、M.布雷登、R.鲍顿等)。批评性评论往往表现出一定的主观性。Renyard),但是,作为一个规则,他们的特点是试图全面地描述现代小说作为一种现象。从符合现实主义诗学原则,关注社会问题的角度来思考和评价它。毫不奇怪,特罗洛普(A. Trollope)和艾略特(G. Eliot)受到了青睐,而“耸人听闻”的小说也带来了困难:评论家要么因为它关注外部娱乐(L.A. Polonsky)而把它放低,要么试图在其中找到有价值的特征,比如对尖锐社会问题的兴趣(N.A. Tal)。本文的结论是,文学批评注意到维多利亚时代小说的复杂性和异质性(没有使用这种概念),但在分析它的时候,他更倾向于将所考虑的现象放入一个预定的范式中,这只能导致简单化。
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引用次数: 0
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL CHANGES IN JAPAN AND THEIR REFLECTION IN JAPANESE VOCABULARY 日本的社会和政治变化及其在日语词汇中的反映
Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.28995/2686-7249-2021-10-268-277
E. Naumova
The article is concerned with the foreign origin neologisms that have become part of the social and political vocabulary of Japanese in the last 10 years. Author studied new words and phrases that emerged under the influence of the English language; 100 neologisms were selected for the study. The article analyzes the 20 most frequently encountered words and phrases for significant events in the social and political life of Japan. The analyzed neologisms have been widely used in publications and press in recent years. Among the sources studied, one can single out both neologisms of exclusively foreign origin, which are a combination of kango (words of Chinese origin), and borrowings from foreign languages both in a full form or abbreviations. The study paid particular attention to neologisms that emerged under the influence of the political processes in Japan and the United States during the presidency of Donald Trump, 45th President of the United States. The study analyzed and identified the relationship between the economic and cultural influences of the United States on Japan and the large-scale processes of Americanization of the Japanese language. The paper presents the results of comparative studies of political processes and, as a consequence, the reforms of the social and working life of Japanese society and the emergence of neologisms due to this influence.
这篇文章关注的是在过去的十年中已经成为日本社会和政治词汇的一部分的外来新词。作者研究了在英语影响下出现的新词和短语;100个新词被选为研究对象。本文分析了日本社会和政治生活中最常见的20个重大事件的单词和短语。分析后的新词近年来在出版物和报刊中得到了广泛的应用。在研究的来源中,我们可以挑出两种来源,一种是完全来自外国的新词,即汉语词汇的组合,另一种是全称或缩写形式的外来语。该研究特别关注了在美国第45任总统唐纳德·特朗普担任总统期间,在日本和美国政治进程的影响下出现的新词。本研究分析并确定了美国对日本的经济和文化影响与日语大规模美国化进程之间的关系。本文介绍了政治进程的比较研究结果,以及由此导致的日本社会和工作生活的改革以及由此产生的新词的出现。
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引用次数: 0
TEACHING RUSSIAN AS FOREIGN LANGUAGE AT THE UNIVERSITY. CHALLENGES AND TRENDS 在大学里教俄语作为外语。挑战与趋势
Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.28995/2686-7249-2021-10-241-249
Liana V. Petrosyan
The paper considers the main trends in the development of the modern world and modern Internet communication, as well as the impact of those changes on the today student. So there is a need to reconsider the methodology of teaching Russian as foreign language at the university. Therefore, the educational process should be built in terms of educational value for the learners. The purpose of such learning is to provide students with the skills that will be essential in specific life situations and work. The author offers his own vision of the organization of classes in Russian as foreign language, based on the development of practical skills needed in modern world.
本文考虑了现代世界和现代网络传播发展的主要趋势,以及这些变化对当今学生的影响。因此,有必要重新考虑大学将俄语作为外语教学的方法。因此,教育过程应该从对学习者的教育价值出发来构建。这种学习的目的是为学生提供在特定的生活环境和工作中必不可少的技能。作者提出了自己的看法,组织类俄语作为外语,基于发展的实用技能,需要在现代世界。
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引用次数: 0
“FOUNDATION TALES” AS THE LITERARY FORM OF HISTORICAL WRITINGS AND THE FOUNDATION OF ROME BY FABIUS PICTOR “基础故事”作为文学形式的历史著作和罗马的基础由法比尤斯·皮克托尔
Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.28995/2686-7249-2021-10-161-172
O. V. Sidorovich
. “Foundation of cities” as the case of historical writings was widely spread in Greek speaking area. Based on foundation tales in Herodotus and Thucydides we can realize the composition of such works. Historical models of this kind affected Roman historiography since Fabius Pictor, who took the foundation of Rome as the starting point of native history. The article deals with a problem what did Fabius Pictor understand as “the foundation of Rome”. Based on the analysis of the sources we came to a conclusion that Fabius Pictor incorporated in Rome’s foundation tale all the legends that reflected the events before and after the foundation itself up to the beginning of the Republic. In this respect the way Fabius understood the concept “the foundation of Rome” differed from that of Dionysius of Halicarnassus who used Fabius’s work as one of his sources.
. 《城市的建立》作为史书的案例,在希腊语地区广为流传。根据希罗多德和修昔底德的基础故事,我们可以认识到这类作品的构成。这种历史模式影响了自法比尤斯·皮克托尔以来的罗马史学,他把罗马的基础作为本土历史的起点。这篇文章讨论的问题被法比尤斯·皮克特理解为“罗马的基础”。根据对资料的分析,我们得出结论,法比尤斯·皮克托尔将所有反映罗马建立前后直到共和国开始的事件的传说纳入了罗马的建立故事。在这方面,法比尤斯理解“罗马的基础”概念的方式不同于把法比尤斯的著作作为他的资料来源之一的哈利卡那苏斯的狄奥尼修斯。
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引用次数: 0
ORIENTALISM IN THE WORK OF V.I. DAHL 达尔作品中的东方主义
Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.28995/2686-7249-2021-10-199-211
Bakhtiyor R. Rakhmanov
Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl is known as a lexicographer, military doctor, ethnographer, folklorist and writer. In the context of Russian-Oriental literary ties, the work of V.I. Dahl attracts the attention of researchers by oriental motives, which are known to a narrow circle of researchers and readers. And therefore, the purpose of the article is to give an idea of manifesting the orientalism specifics in V.I. Dahl works. Pictures of the Orient history are presented in V.I. Dahl works, acquainting Russian reader with Tatars, Bashkirs and Kazakhs folklore and ethnography. These oriental works can be loosely divided into following groups: scientific works, oriental parables, oriental stories, and works about historical figures. The first group includes works of an ethnographic nature. Russian reader was enriched with scientific information, information on the Oriental people’s life through the eyes of a Russian prisoner or from the words of Asia people. Another group includes oriental parables. Analysis of V.I. Dahl works from the cycle “Oriental parables and fairy tales” allowed to refer the parables “Soleiman and the owl”, “Soleiman and the crow”, “Caliph painter” to the moralizing ones and the parables “Gallas – teacher and student”, “Padishah’s dream”, “The Thief and the Concealer”, “Sheikh Najmuddin” to the religious. From a wide range of V.I. Dahl works on oriental motives the literary criticism studied works related to the genre of oriental stories, for instance “Sheep”, “The Tale of Princess Milonega...”. Oriental material associated with historical figures – “The Life of Dzhingizkhan” (1843), “The Story of Aksak-Timur” (1838) is based on the life and activities of a historical person. Such works are based on documentary works (contemporaries of the described one) or on the oriental folk tales and legends. The basis of the works is historical events, interspersed with “fabulous legends” and decorated with “extravagance”. The reason for Dahl’s appeal to oriental themes is banally simple: it is impermissible not to know and it is shameful to neglect the literature of the Asian peoples of the Russian Empire.
弗拉基米尔·伊万诺维奇·达尔是一位著名的词典编纂者、军医、民族志学家、民俗学家和作家。在俄罗斯与东方文学联系的背景下,达尔的作品以东方动机吸引了研究者的注意,但只有一小部分研究者和读者知道。因此,本文的目的是对达尔作品中体现东方主义的特点提出一些看法。达尔的作品展现了东方历史的图景,让俄罗斯读者了解了鞑靼人、巴什基尔人和哈萨克人的民间传说和民族志。这些东方作品大致可分为以下几类:科学作品、东方寓言、东方故事和历史人物作品。第一类包括民族志性质的作品。俄罗斯读者通过俄罗斯囚犯的眼睛或亚洲人的话语,丰富了科学信息,了解了东方人民的生活。另一类包括东方寓言。从“东方寓言与童话”的循环分析V.I.达尔的作品,允许将寓言“索莱曼与猫头鹰”,“索莱曼与乌鸦”,“哈里发画家”指道德寓言和寓言“加拉-老师和学生”,“帕迪沙的梦想”,“小偷和遮遮遮掩者”,“谢赫·纳伊穆丁”指宗教寓言。从大量达尔的东方动机作品中,文学评论研究了与东方故事类型相关的作品,如《羊》、《米罗涅加公主的故事》等。与历史人物相关的东方材料——《丁孜可汗的一生》(1843)、《阿克萨克-帖木儿的故事》(1838)是基于历史人物的生活和活动。这些作品的基础是纪实作品(与被描述的作品同时代)或东方民间故事和传说。作品以历史事件为基础,穿插着“神话传说”,点缀着“奢华”。达尔诉诸东方主题的原因很简单:不了解俄罗斯帝国亚洲民族的文学是不允许的,忽视这些文学是可耻的。
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引用次数: 0
THE ISSUE OF A COMPLEX SENTENCE WITH ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF PLACE IN RUSSIAN SYNTAX 俄语句法中一个带有地方状语从句的复合句的问题
Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.28995/2686-7249-2021-10-232-240
Aziz T. Saloev
The article is devoted to a comprehensive description of an issue related to the complex sentence with adverbial clause of place in Russian syntax. There isn’t unanimous opinion regarding the classification of complex sentences in modern Russian language. The term “subordinate clause” was used in the works of AH. Vostokov and N.I. Grech in the 19th century. Later, a classification, close to the present day, including additional (explanatory), attributive and adverbial clauses was proposed by I.I. Davidov. Owing to the works of F.I. Buslaev, the issue was developed further. Attempts to classify adverbial clauses belong to him. It is necessary to highlight A.M. Peshkovsky, V.A. Beloshapkov, V.V. Babaytsev and L.Yu. Maximov among the grammarians considering subordinate clauses. The structural-semantic principle in considering subordinate clauses was used by S.E. Kryuchkov and L.Yu. Maksimov. That principle (in contrast to the functional-semantic one) allows more comprehensive characterizing the sentence, since it considers the way the sentence is attached, while taking into account the semantic relations of the two parts of a complex sentence. The object of research is the analyzing of the functional and semantic types of complex sentences with the adverbial clause of place in modern Russian language on the material of Russian writers’ works.
本文全面论述了俄语句法中带有地方状语从句的复合句的一个问题。关于现代俄语复句的分类,并没有形成统一的观点。“从句”一词在AH的著作中被使用。Vostokov和N.I. Grech在19世纪。后来,I.I. Davidov提出了一种接近今天的分类,包括附加(解释性)、定语和状语从句。由于F.I. Buslaev的工作,这个问题得到了进一步的发展。对状语从句进行分类的尝试属于他。有必要强调一下A.M.佩什科夫斯基,V.A.别洛沙普科夫,V.V.巴巴耶采夫和l.u yu。马西莫夫是考虑从句的语法学家之一。Kryuchkov和L.Yu采用了结构-语义原则来考虑从句。Maksimov。该原则(与功能语义原则相反)允许更全面地描述句子,因为它考虑了句子的连接方式,同时考虑了复杂句子两部分的语义关系。本文以俄罗斯作家的作品为材料,分析现代俄语中带有地方状语从句的复合句的功能类型和语义类型。
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引用次数: 0
HISTORIA, ANNALES, RES GESTAE AS THE TITLES FOR THE WRITINGS OF ROMAN REPUBLICAN HISTORIANS 作为罗马共和历史学家著作的标题的是Historia, annales, res gestae
Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.28995/2686-7249-2021-10-152-160
O. V. Sidorovich
Ancient historians as a rule didn’t entitle their own works. Those titles appear over time as a result of the work of grammarians or are found as such in the works of authors of later times. First of all that practice could be applied to the works that were written in Greek and native language by early Roman historians. On the basis of the study in the possible titles of those works – historia, annalles, res gestae – the issue of their genre is raised, judging by the content of the terms that denoted those works. Their terminological analysis led to the following conclusions: in the process of the formation of the annalistic narration as a form of account about the past, the “annals” began to be distinguished from the “history” as a work in which events contemporary to the author were represented. On the contrary the content of the term res gestae was close to what the Greeks called historia.
古代历史学家通常不会给自己的著作起名。随着时间的推移,这些标题作为语法学家工作的结果出现,或者在后来的作者的作品中发现。首先,这种做法可以应用于早期罗马历史学家用希腊语和母语写的作品。在对这些作品可能的标题——历史、编年史、编年史——进行研究的基础上,提出了它们的体裁问题,根据这些作品所代表的术语的内容来判断。他们的术语分析得出以下结论:在编年史叙事作为一种叙述过去的形式的形成过程中,“编年史”开始与“历史”区分开来,因为“历史”是一种代表作者同时代事件的作品。相反,res gestae一词的内容与希腊人所说的historia很接近。
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引用次数: 0
THE VICTORIAN NOVEL AS A GENRE. AN ISSUE STATEMENT 维多利亚时代的小说作为一种体裁。问题声明
Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.28995/2686-7249-2021-10-173-186
E. Samorodnitskaya
The article deals with the issue of the Victorian novel in the historical, cultural and genre aspects. There is no single point of view on that phenomenon in the academic literature: some scholars use the term in a chronological sense (Victorian literature referring to the era of the reign of Queen Victoria [1837–1901]); others synonymously use the concepts of “Victorian” and “realistic”; some try to identify the specifics of the phenomenon through non-literary factors (attitude to social issues, philosophical context, etc.). Such approaches, for all their validity, do not clarify the nature of the Victorian novel as a whole. The author of the article hypothesizes that the Victorian novel is a sub-genre of the classic 19th centurynovel, and the following can be distinguished as its distinctive features: attention is focused on the action (plot), and not on the character; social issues are subordinate to the action; the presence of a marriage plot and a happy ending. The above characteristics being not comprehensive, allow outlining further prospects for the study of the Victorian novel as a genre. It is also important to identify and formulate the genre originality of the Victorian novel in the aspect of studying its Russian reception, because otherwise such a comparative study will not have specifics.
本文从历史、文化和体裁三个方面探讨了维多利亚时代小说的问题。在学术文献中,对这一现象没有单一的观点:一些学者在时间意义上使用这个词(维多利亚文学指维多利亚女王统治的时代[1837-1901]);另一些人将“维多利亚”和“现实主义”这两个概念同义词化;有些人试图通过非文学因素(对社会问题的态度、哲学背景等)来确定这种现象的具体特征。这些方法虽然有效,但并没有从整体上阐明维多利亚时代小说的本质。这篇文章的作者假设维多利亚时代的小说是19世纪经典小说的一个子类型,它的特点可以区分为以下几点:关注的重点是动作(情节),而不是人物;社会问题从属于行动;婚姻情节的出现和一个幸福的结局。以上的特点是不全面的,允许概述进一步的前景研究维多利亚小说作为一种体裁。在研究维多利亚时代小说在俄罗斯的接受程度方面,识别和形成其类型独创性也很重要,否则这样的比较研究就没有具体的内容。
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引用次数: 0
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RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. "Literary Theory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies" Series
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