Pub Date : 2000-07-01DOI: 10.1080/10641220009351416
L. Juha, B. Ehrenberg, S. Couris, E. Koudoumas, V. Hamplová, Z. Pokorná, A. Müllerová, M. Pavel
Abstract In this paper we describe the efficient and substantial decomposition of C60 in toluene solution, induced by moderate intensity (I = 20 - 55 MW cm−2) near infrared (γ = 1064 nm) laser radiation. This behavior is surprising since both uncharged fullerene and toluene do not have any absorption bands at this wavelength. The decomposition efficiency and products are investigated with UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid-chromatography (HPLC). Possible mechanisms of the fullerene decomposition are discussed.
{"title":"Near-Infrared Laser-Induced Decomposition of C60 Dissolved in Toluene","authors":"L. Juha, B. Ehrenberg, S. Couris, E. Koudoumas, V. Hamplová, Z. Pokorná, A. Müllerová, M. Pavel","doi":"10.1080/10641220009351416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641220009351416","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper we describe the efficient and substantial decomposition of C60 in toluene solution, induced by moderate intensity (I = 20 - 55 MW cm−2) near infrared (γ = 1064 nm) laser radiation. This behavior is surprising since both uncharged fullerene and toluene do not have any absorption bands at this wavelength. The decomposition efficiency and products are investigated with UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid-chromatography (HPLC). Possible mechanisms of the fullerene decomposition are discussed.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"319 - 336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77491987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-07-01DOI: 10.1080/10641220009351421
Z. Slanina, F. Uhlík, J. François, E. Ōsawa
Abstract Owing to the three-fold degeneracy of the LUMO in C60, its hexa-anion is not subjected to Jahn-Teller distortions. In contrast to the accepted presumptions, however, computations at the MNDO, AMI, PM3, SAM1, HF/STO-3G, HF/3-21G, and HF/4-31G levels show that the completely relaxed, non-icosahedral cage of C6− 60is lower in energy. The computed energy gain varies between 60 and 150 kJ/mol and thus, it is consistently significant (the most sophisticated approach, HF/4-31G, yields 93 kJ/mol). The longest C-C bond in the relaxed structures is at most computed 0.05 Å longer compared to the 5/6 bond in the icosahedral C6− 60The symmetry of C6− 60is relaxed to D2 A C2v, isomer is discussed, too.
{"title":"Computations of Low-Energy Non-Icosahedral Structures of C6− 60","authors":"Z. Slanina, F. Uhlík, J. François, E. Ōsawa","doi":"10.1080/10641220009351421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641220009351421","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Owing to the three-fold degeneracy of the LUMO in C60, its hexa-anion is not subjected to Jahn-Teller distortions. In contrast to the accepted presumptions, however, computations at the MNDO, AMI, PM3, SAM1, HF/STO-3G, HF/3-21G, and HF/4-31G levels show that the completely relaxed, non-icosahedral cage of C6− 60is lower in energy. The computed energy gain varies between 60 and 150 kJ/mol and thus, it is consistently significant (the most sophisticated approach, HF/4-31G, yields 93 kJ/mol). The longest C-C bond in the relaxed structures is at most computed 0.05 Å longer compared to the 5/6 bond in the icosahedral C6− 60The symmetry of C6− 60is relaxed to D2 A C2v, isomer is discussed, too.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"343 1","pages":"403 - 415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91458462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-07-01DOI: 10.1080/10641220009351422
Z. Slanina, F. Uhlík, M. Yoshida, E. Ōsawa
Abstract The complete sets of 35 isolated-pentagon-rule (IPR) isomers of C88 is described by the SAM1 (Semi-Ab-initio Model 1) quantum-chemical method. The separation energetics is also computed at the HF/STO-3G, HF/3-21G, and HF/4-31G levels. The SAM1 and HF/4-31G data mostly agree within a few kJ/mol. As the SAM1 energetics does not reproduce the recent NMR observations, entropy contributions are included, too, being based on the harmonic-oscillator and rigid-rotator model. Considerable temperature effects on the relative stabilities in the system are found. The ground-state structure of C88 is a C 3 isomer, however, with an increase of temperature a C 2 structure becomes important. At still higher temperatures a near C 2 species is dominant. The results can be viewed as a good agreement with the available observations, and they further expand the family of the IPR sets where the thermodynamic equilibrium treatment allows for a satisfactory support of observations.
摘要用SAM1 (Semi-Ab-initio Model 1)量子化学方法描述了C88的35个隔离五边形规则(IPR)异构体的完备集。同时计算了HF/STO-3G、HF/3-21G和HF/4-31G水平下的分离能量。SAM1和HF/4-31G数据在几个kJ/mol范围内基本一致。由于SAM1的能量学不能再现最近的核磁共振观测，熵的贡献也被包括在内，这是基于谐振子和刚性旋转器模型。发现温度对系统的相对稳定性有相当大的影响。C88的基态结构为c3异构体，但随着温度的升高，c2结构变得重要。在更高的温度下，接近二氧化碳的物种占主导地位。结果可以看作是与现有的观测值很好的一致，它们进一步扩大了热力学平衡处理允许观测值满意支持的IPR集的家族。
{"title":"A Computational Treatment of 35 IPR Isomers of C88","authors":"Z. Slanina, F. Uhlík, M. Yoshida, E. Ōsawa","doi":"10.1080/10641220009351422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641220009351422","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The complete sets of 35 isolated-pentagon-rule (IPR) isomers of C88 is described by the SAM1 (Semi-Ab-initio Model 1) quantum-chemical method. The separation energetics is also computed at the HF/STO-3G, HF/3-21G, and HF/4-31G levels. The SAM1 and HF/4-31G data mostly agree within a few kJ/mol. As the SAM1 energetics does not reproduce the recent NMR observations, entropy contributions are included, too, being based on the harmonic-oscillator and rigid-rotator model. Considerable temperature effects on the relative stabilities in the system are found. The ground-state structure of C88 is a C 3 isomer, however, with an increase of temperature a C 2 structure becomes important. At still higher temperatures a near C 2 species is dominant. The results can be viewed as a good agreement with the available observations, and they further expand the family of the IPR sets where the thermodynamic equilibrium treatment allows for a satisfactory support of observations.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"143 1","pages":"417 - 432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78204604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-07-01DOI: 10.1080/10641220009351418
Z. Slanina, T. Sugiki, Xiang Zhao, Shyi-Long Lee, L. Chiang, E. Ōsawa
Abstract The complete PM3 structural optimizations are reported for all 23 positional isomers of C60(NO2)2 and interesting symmetry reductions are found. There are two low energy structures while all the remaining species are separated by more than 10 kcal/mol from the computed ground state. In the ground state the two nitro groups are placed in para position on one hexagon. The next lowest structure is produced by addition to one 6/6 (double) bond of the cage. The species highest in energy are separated by more than 50 kcal/mol from the ground state. IR vibrational spectra are also predicted for the low-energy structures.
{"title":"C60(NO2)2: Quantum-Chemical Evaluations of Structure, Energetics, and Vibrational Spectra","authors":"Z. Slanina, T. Sugiki, Xiang Zhao, Shyi-Long Lee, L. Chiang, E. Ōsawa","doi":"10.1080/10641220009351418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641220009351418","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The complete PM3 structural optimizations are reported for all 23 positional isomers of C60(NO2)2 and interesting symmetry reductions are found. There are two low energy structures while all the remaining species are separated by more than 10 kcal/mol from the computed ground state. In the ground state the two nitro groups are placed in para position on one hexagon. The next lowest structure is produced by addition to one 6/6 (double) bond of the cage. The species highest in energy are separated by more than 50 kcal/mol from the ground state. IR vibrational spectra are also predicted for the low-energy structures.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"118 1","pages":"351 - 367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87675173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-07-01DOI: 10.1080/10641220009351420
Z. Slanina, C. Miyajima, Xiang Zhao, F. Uhlík, L. Adamowicz, E. Ōsawa
Abstract Semiempirical quantum-chemical PM3 calculations are reported for a relatively new class of exohedral metallo-fullerenes - metal-coated or metal-covered fullerenes: C60Mn. The exohedral species were recently observed, however, their geometrical and electronic structure is not known yet. In this paper, relatively-even metal-atom distributions over the fullerene rings are considered - such regular forms are computed for M= Be, Mg, Al. Three selected stoichiometrics are treated: C60M12, C60M20, and C60M32. The stoichiometrics correspond to the location of the metal atoms above the twelve pentagons, above the twenty hexagons, and above each of the thirty two rings of C60 This interesting arrangement over the rings is possible only for some types of atoms, while other elements are localized above bonds or atoms, or inside the cage, or even react and destroy the cage. Other limitation comes from the parametrization of the computational methods - the computations are performed with the PM3 semiempirical method and metal-layer atomization heats are used as a stability measure. Structural characteristics are presented, too. Considerable reductions of the cage symmetry are reported and their relationships to Jahn-Teller effect are discussed, too (no case of the icosahedral symmetry is found).
摘要报道了一类相对较新的外面体金属富勒烯-金属包覆或金属包覆富勒烯:C60Mn的半经验量子化学PM3计算。外面体物质是近年来发现的，但其几何结构和电子结构尚不清楚。本文考虑了富勒烯环上相对均匀的金属原子分布——计算了M= Be, Mg, Al的这种规则形式。处理了三种选定的化学计量量:C60M12, C60M20和C60M32。化学统计量对应于金属原子在12个五边形，20个六边形，以及C60的32个环上的位置。这种有趣的环上排列只对某些类型的原子是可能的，而其他元素则定位于键或原子之上，或在笼内，甚至反应并破坏笼。其他限制来自于计算方法的参数化-计算是用PM3半经验方法进行的，金属层雾化热被用作稳定性测量。此外，还介绍了其结构特征。报道了笼形对称性的显著降低，并讨论了笼形对称性与扬-泰勒效应的关系(没有发现二十面体对称的情况)。
{"title":"Metal-Coated Fullerenes C60Mn: Calculations for M = Be, Mg, Al AND n = 12, 20, 32","authors":"Z. Slanina, C. Miyajima, Xiang Zhao, F. Uhlík, L. Adamowicz, E. Ōsawa","doi":"10.1080/10641220009351420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641220009351420","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Semiempirical quantum-chemical PM3 calculations are reported for a relatively new class of exohedral metallo-fullerenes - metal-coated or metal-covered fullerenes: C60Mn. The exohedral species were recently observed, however, their geometrical and electronic structure is not known yet. In this paper, relatively-even metal-atom distributions over the fullerene rings are considered - such regular forms are computed for M= Be, Mg, Al. Three selected stoichiometrics are treated: C60M12, C60M20, and C60M32. The stoichiometrics correspond to the location of the metal atoms above the twelve pentagons, above the twenty hexagons, and above each of the thirty two rings of C60 This interesting arrangement over the rings is possible only for some types of atoms, while other elements are localized above bonds or atoms, or inside the cage, or even react and destroy the cage. Other limitation comes from the parametrization of the computational methods - the computations are performed with the PM3 semiempirical method and metal-layer atomization heats are used as a stability measure. Structural characteristics are presented, too. Considerable reductions of the cage symmetry are reported and their relationships to Jahn-Teller effect are discussed, too (no case of the icosahedral symmetry is found).","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"385 - 402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86585592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-07-01DOI: 10.1080/10641220009351412
T. Braun
Abstract Fullerene Science and Technology, both the field and the journal, have observed considerable progress during the last few years. The field has continued to mature as witnessed by the many new and interesting results published in thousands of journal articles (1-3) and in a multitude of books and conference proceedings. The recognition of fullerene sciences as a self-containing field of research has been culminating in the awarding of the 1996 Chemistry Nobel Prize to Professors Robert S. Curl, Harold W. Kroto, and Richard E. Smailey.
{"title":"Fullerene Research in the Czech Republic","authors":"T. Braun","doi":"10.1080/10641220009351412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641220009351412","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fullerene Science and Technology, both the field and the journal, have observed considerable progress during the last few years. The field has continued to mature as witnessed by the many new and interesting results published in thousands of journal articles (1-3) and in a multitude of books and conference proceedings. The recognition of fullerene sciences as a self-containing field of research has been culminating in the awarding of the 1996 Chemistry Nobel Prize to Professors Robert S. Curl, Harold W. Kroto, and Richard E. Smailey.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"20 1","pages":"vii - vii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88554738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-07-01DOI: 10.1080/10641220009351425
F. Uhlík, Z. Slanina, E. Ōsawa
Abstract Contributions to thermodynamic properties of the endohedral He@C60, resulting from motion of He inside the cage, are calculated. The contribution to C v shows a maximum at low temperatures. The maxima for 3He@C60 and 4He@C60 are at about 41 K and 30 K, respectively.
{"title":"Thermodynamic Properties of He@C60","authors":"F. Uhlík, Z. Slanina, E. Ōsawa","doi":"10.1080/10641220009351425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641220009351425","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Contributions to thermodynamic properties of the endohedral He@C60, resulting from motion of He inside the cage, are calculated. The contribution to C v shows a maximum at low temperatures. The maxima for 3He@C60 and 4He@C60 are at about 41 K and 30 K, respectively.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"769 1","pages":"453 - 460"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76936861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-07-01DOI: 10.1080/10641220009351423
Z. Slanina, F. Uhlík, Xiang Zhao, H. Ueno, E. Ōsawa
Abstract The recently isolated fullerene C36 is computed by the SAM1 method with energetics refined at the B3LYP/6-31G* level. Twelve low-energy cages are considered in detail, exhibiting both fullerene (pentagons and hexagons) and quasi-fullerene (also squares and heptagons) pattern. In contrast to other fullerene systems, the SAM1 and B3LYP/6-31G* methods do produce somewhat different energetics. Consequently, the equilibrium isomeric composition at high temperatures is different, too. In the best affordable B3LYP/6-31G* approach the fullerene cage with the topological D 6d symmetry represents the most populated species at high temperatures. Hence, an agreement with the solid-state NMR experiment is achieved at the B3LYP/6-31G* theoretical level.
{"title":"B3LYP/6-31G*//SAM1 Calculations of C36 Fullerene and quasi-Fullerene Cages","authors":"Z. Slanina, F. Uhlík, Xiang Zhao, H. Ueno, E. Ōsawa","doi":"10.1080/10641220009351423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641220009351423","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The recently isolated fullerene C36 is computed by the SAM1 method with energetics refined at the B3LYP/6-31G* level. Twelve low-energy cages are considered in detail, exhibiting both fullerene (pentagons and hexagons) and quasi-fullerene (also squares and heptagons) pattern. In contrast to other fullerene systems, the SAM1 and B3LYP/6-31G* methods do produce somewhat different energetics. Consequently, the equilibrium isomeric composition at high temperatures is different, too. In the best affordable B3LYP/6-31G* approach the fullerene cage with the topological D 6d symmetry represents the most populated species at high temperatures. Hence, an agreement with the solid-state NMR experiment is achieved at the B3LYP/6-31G* theoretical level.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"32 1","pages":"433 - 447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84726841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-01DOI: 10.1080/10641220009351409
A. Graja
Abstract Main results of the investigations of fullerene and its derivatives are briefly reviewed. Such topics as plasma spectroscopy, fullerenes and nanotubes formation, C60 carbyne knots, fullerene reduction and doping, charge transfer states and electroabsorption of C60, electrical conductivity, superconductivity, ESR properties, fullerene clathrates, C60/C70 complexes with organic donors, fullerene adducts, hydrogenated fullerenes, metallofullerenes and carbon nanotubes are discussed.
{"title":"Fullerene Research in Poland","authors":"A. Graja","doi":"10.1080/10641220009351409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641220009351409","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Main results of the investigations of fullerene and its derivatives are briefly reviewed. Such topics as plasma spectroscopy, fullerenes and nanotubes formation, C60 carbyne knots, fullerene reduction and doping, charge transfer states and electroabsorption of C60, electrical conductivity, superconductivity, ESR properties, fullerene clathrates, C60/C70 complexes with organic donors, fullerene adducts, hydrogenated fullerenes, metallofullerenes and carbon nanotubes are discussed.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"187 - 223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81565556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-01DOI: 10.1080/10641220009351406
F. Cataldo
Abstract The reaction between squalene and C60 fullerene was studied by electronic and FT-IR spectroscopy as well as by thermal analysis (TGA and DTA). This study was conducted to simulate in vitro, with model compounds, the interaction occuring during mixing between dienic rubber and carbon black. Squalene was used as model compound for dienic rubber and C60 fullerene as model compound for carbon black since fullerene-like sites have been recently identified on carbon black surface. The experimental results show that 2,5 molecules of C60 become chemically bound to each squalene molecule under thermo-oxidative conditions simulating part of the mixing cycle between rubber and carbon black. The implications of this result involve the explanation of the phenomenon known as “bound rubber”, which is the amount of chemisorbed polymer on filler surface after mixing, as well as the reinforcement effects observed by filling rubber with carbon black and the mechanical hysteresis of a rubber compound.
{"title":"A Model Compound Study About Carbon Black and Diene Rubber Interaction: The Reactivity of C60 Fullerene with Squalene","authors":"F. Cataldo","doi":"10.1080/10641220009351406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10641220009351406","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The reaction between squalene and C60 fullerene was studied by electronic and FT-IR spectroscopy as well as by thermal analysis (TGA and DTA). This study was conducted to simulate in vitro, with model compounds, the interaction occuring during mixing between dienic rubber and carbon black. Squalene was used as model compound for dienic rubber and C60 fullerene as model compound for carbon black since fullerene-like sites have been recently identified on carbon black surface. The experimental results show that 2,5 molecules of C60 become chemically bound to each squalene molecule under thermo-oxidative conditions simulating part of the mixing cycle between rubber and carbon black. The implications of this result involve the explanation of the phenomenon known as “bound rubber”, which is the amount of chemisorbed polymer on filler surface after mixing, as well as the reinforcement effects observed by filling rubber with carbon black and the mechanical hysteresis of a rubber compound.","PeriodicalId":12470,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Science and Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":"153 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89978779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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