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Tumeur vitelline de localisation gastrique 胃定位卵黄瘤
Pub Date : 2010-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gcb.2010.04.004
N. Kunin , L. Ferrand , L. Moreau , M.-A. Perrouin-Verbe , D. Briend , V. Gazut , M. Daaboul , J.-P. Letoquart
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引用次数: 1
The Thalidomide renaissance 沙利度胺的复兴
Pub Date : 2010-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gcb.2010.06.003
S. Erlinger
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引用次数: 1
Traitements à long terme de l’hépatite chronique B chez le patient co-infecté par le VIH hiv合并感染患者慢性乙型肝炎的长期治疗
Pub Date : 2010-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70033-6
R. Pais, Y. Benhamou

As human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are acquired through the same routes of contamination, the prevalence of HBV serological markers found in the HIV-infected population is approximately 7%. Liver-related mortality and morbidity is higher in HIV/HBV co-infected patients than in HBV mono-infected patients. Both viruses must be considered before a treatment decision is made. According to the European consensus conference on the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and C in HIV coinfected patients, treatment is based on whether there is an existing indication of anti- HIV therapy or not. In patients with no indication of anti-HIV therapy, drugs with dual anti-viral activity (lamivudine, entecavir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) should not be used due to the risk of developing HIV-resistance. Interferon or adefovir in combination with telbivudine are recommended. In patients with an indication of anti-HIV therapy, a backbone of highly active anti-retroviral therapy should include tenofovir in combination with lamivudine or emtricitabine. The same regimen is recommended in patients who develop lamivudine resistance.

由于人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)和乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)是通过相同的污染途径获得的,因此在HIV感染人群中发现的HBV血清学标志物的患病率约为7%。HIV/HBV合并感染患者的肝脏相关死亡率和发病率高于HBV单一感染患者。在作出治疗决定之前,必须考虑这两种病毒。根据欧洲治疗慢性乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎合并HIV感染患者的共识会议,治疗是基于是否存在抗HIV治疗的现有指征。在无抗hiv治疗指指的患者中,不应使用具有双重抗病毒活性的药物(拉米夫定、恩替卡韦、富马酸替诺福韦二氧吡酯),因为有产生hiv耐药性的风险。建议干扰素或阿德福韦与替比夫定联合使用。对于有抗hiv治疗适应症的患者,高活性抗逆转录病毒治疗的主干应包括替诺福韦联合拉米夫定或恩曲他滨。对拉米夫定耐药的患者也推荐同样的治疗方案。
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引用次数: 2
Gut microbiota and IBD 肠道菌群和IBD
Pub Date : 2010-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70020-8
P. Seksik

Gut microbiota contains about 1014 bacterial cells classified within 4 bacterial phyla, namely Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Much of the information has been generated through the application of nucleic acid-based methodologies (16S rRNA) which provide a cornerstone of microbial taxonomy. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves a dysregulated immune response to the gut microbiota in genetically predisposed hosts. Experimental animal models of colitis provide the best evidence that bacteria present in the bowel of the animals have an essential role in the pathogenesis of colitis since in most models, germ-free animals do not develop disease. Moreover, in the immunodeficient mouse model of colitis called TRUC (T-bet-/- x RAG2-/-), a colitogenic gut microbiota is selected and can be transmitted to mice with intact immunity and induce colitis. Current interest therefore focuses on the bacterial community as the source of antigens that fuel the chronic inflammation seen in IBD. Dysbiosis, an imbalance between harmful and protective bacteria, has been evoked and investigated in IBD. Thus, besides the classical pathogens, gut microbiota can drive pathogenicity via two mechanisms: an expansion of ‘pro-inflammatory'species or a restriction in the protective compounds of the microbiota. Complexity of the microbiota suggests that both mechanisms may contribute to chronic gut inflammation in IBD.

Le microbiote intestinal contient environ 1014 bactéries classées en 4 phyla bactériens: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, et Proteobacteria. Une grande partie des informations concernant cet écosystème a été générée par l’application de méthodes moléculaires visant la reconnaisance des acides nucléiques (16S ARNr) motifs moléculaires clefs de la taxonomie microbienne. Les maladies inflammatoires de l’intestin (MICI) résultent d’une réponse immunitaire dérégulée vis-à-vis du microbiote intestinal chez des sujets génétiquement prédisposés. Les modèles murins de colite expérimentale fournissent des arguments expérimentaux solides pour incriminer la microflore intestinale dans la pathogenèse d’une colite. En effet, dans la plupart des modèles, la colite ne se développe pas en absence de microbiote (situation axénique). Récemment, avec le modèle de souris immunodéficientes de colite appelée TRUC (T-bet– /– x RAG2– /– , ulcerative colitis), un nouveau paradigme a emergé puisque le microbiote intestinal semble pouvoir transmettre la colite suggérant ainsi l’existence d’un microbiote ‘colitogénique’. Un intérêt grandissant centré sur l’étude des communautés bactériennes comme source antigénique alimentant l’inflammation chronique au cours des MICI a vu le jour. Une dysbiose, i.e. un déséquilibre entre des bactéries ‘délétères’et ‘bénéfiques’, a été évoquée et recherchée dans les MICI. A côté des agents pathogènes classiques, l

肠道菌群包含约1014个细菌细胞,可分为厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门和变形菌门4个菌门。许多信息是通过应用基于核酸的方法(16S rRNA)产生的,它提供了微生物分类学的基石。炎症性肠病(IBD)涉及对遗传易感宿主肠道微生物群的失调免疫反应。结肠炎的实验动物模型提供了最好的证据,证明存在于动物肠道中的细菌在结肠炎的发病机制中起重要作用,因为在大多数模型中,无菌动物不会发病。此外,在结肠炎免疫缺陷小鼠模型TRUC (T-bet-/- x RAG2-/-)中,选择了一种可致结肠炎的肠道菌群,可传播给免疫功能完好的小鼠,诱发结肠炎。因此,目前的兴趣集中在作为炎症性肠病慢性炎症的抗原来源的细菌群落上。生态失调,有害细菌和保护细菌之间的不平衡,已经在IBD中引起和研究。因此,除了经典病原体外,肠道微生物群还可以通过两种机制驱动致病性:“促炎”物种的扩张或微生物群中保护性化合物的限制。微生物群的复杂性表明,这两种机制都可能导致IBD的慢性肠道炎症。肠道大陆环境微生物群有1014个,有4个细菌门:厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门、变形菌门。一个大的缔约方提供了有关 系统 系统系统的信息,以及关于 系统系统 系统系统的信息,例如关于系统系统系统系统的信息。肠道疾病、炎症(MICI)、免疫系统、免疫系统、免疫系统、免疫系统、免疫系统、免疫系统、免疫系统、免疫系统、免疫系统、免疫系统、免疫系统和免疫系统。在大肠杆菌实验中,大肠杆菌和大肠杆菌的病原体都是由大肠杆菌和大肠杆菌组成的。因此,如果没有微生物的情况,就不会有微生物的情况(即没有微生物的情况)。(3)大肠杆菌,大肠杆菌;(3)大肠杆菌;(3)大肠杆菌;(3)大肠杆菌;(3)大肠杆菌;(3)大肠杆菌;(3)大肠杆菌;(3)大肠杆菌;(3)大肠杆菌;(3)大肠杆菌;unintérêt granddisant centrcentres, l ' acacry, acacry, acacry, acacry, acacry, acacry, acacry, acacry, acacry, acacry, acacry。一个dysbiose,即联合国desequilibre des bacteries之间“删除人'et”benefiques’,疾病evoquee et recherchee在MICI。A côté des agents pathog classiques, le microbiote intestinal porporit porter one pathog - icnicic de deux - farons: A ' 'expansion d ' esp«proinflammatoires»,A ' ' reduce de bact - protectices«anti-inflammatoires»。微生物复杂性研究表明,在MICI过程中,肠道慢性感染和肠道慢性感染是导致疾病的元凶。
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引用次数: 29
Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia 遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张
Pub Date : 2010-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gcb.2010.05.006
S. Erlinger
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引用次数: 1
Body mass index and risk of liver cirrhosis in middle aged UK women: Prospective study 英国中年女性体重指数与肝硬化风险:前瞻性研究
Pub Date : 2010-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gcb.2010.05.003
S. Naveau
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引用次数: 72
Antiangiogenic therapies in portal hypertension: A breakthrough in hepatology 门静脉高压症的抗血管生成治疗:肝病学的突破
Pub Date : 2010-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gcb.2010.05.007
O. Rosmorduc

Portal hypertension is the most important complication that develops in patients with cirrhosis. Several studies have shown that angiogenesis (i.e. splanchnic neovascularization) driven by VEGF and other proangiogenic molecules, like PDGF, may be a major mechanism involved in portal hypertension, hyperdynamic splanchnic circulation and portosystemic collateralization. According with this, antiangiogenic therapies, like sorafenib or sunitinib, have been recently shown to reduce portosystemic collateral circulation, improve splanchnic hyperdynamics and decrease portal pressure in experimental model of portal hypertension. This effect was associated to a decrease in VEGF, PDGF expression and splanchnic neovascularization. In addition, these therapies were associated with a decrease in both splanchnic and intrahepatic inflammatory infiltrates, in hepatic stellate cell activation and in intrahepatic fibrosis. These data suggest that antiangiogenic therapies may therefore, by limiting liver fibrosis and inflammation in cirrhosis, prevent the occurrence of severe complications, such as portal hypertension and potentially liver cancer.

门脉高压是肝硬化患者最重要的并发症。多项研究表明,由VEGF和其他促血管生成分子(如PDGF)驱动的血管生成(即内脏新生血管)可能是门静脉高压症、高动力内脏循环和门静脉系统侧支的主要机制。据此,抗血管生成疗法,如索拉非尼或舒尼替尼,最近被证明可以减少门静脉系统侧支循环,改善内脏高动力学,降低门静脉高压实验模型中的门静脉压力。这种作用与VEGF、PDGF表达和内脏新生血管的减少有关。此外,这些疗法与内脏和肝内炎症浸润、肝星状细胞活化和肝内纤维化的减少有关。这些数据表明,抗血管生成疗法可能因此通过限制肝硬化的肝纤维化和炎症,预防严重并发症的发生,如门静脉高压和潜在的肝癌。
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引用次数: 15
Massive rectal bleeding distant from a blunt car trauma 大量直肠出血远离钝性汽车创伤
Pub Date : 2010-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gcb.2010.05.008
E. Gruden , E. Ragot , R. Arienzo , A. Revaux , M. Magri , M. Grossin , C. Leroy , S. Msika , R. Kianmanesh

Mesenteric trauma is one of the possible injuries caused by the use of seat belts in case of motor vehicle crash. We report here a rare case of rectal bleeding by rupture of a mesosigmoid haematoma. An emergent laparotomy revealed a mesosigmoid haematoma with a centimetric rectal perforation. The wearing of safety belts added some specific blunt abdominal trauma, which directly depends on lap-and-sash belts. Mesenteric injuries are found out up to 5% of blunt abdominal traumas. “Seat belt mark” leads the surgical team to strongly suspect an intra-abdominal trauma. When “seat belt mark” sign is found, in patients with mild to severe blunt car injuries, CT-scan has to be realised to eliminate intra-abdominal complications, including mesenteric and mesosigmoid ones. In case of proved mesenteric haematoma associated to intestinal bleeding, a surgical treatment must be considered as first choice. Conservative approach remains possible in stable patients but surgical exploration remains necessary in unstable patients with active bleeding.

Le traumatisme du mésentère est un des dommages causés par l’utilisation de la ceinture de sécurité en cas d’accident de véhicule. Nous reportons ici un rare cas de rectorragie dû à la rupture d’un hématome du mésosigmoïde. Une laparotomie en urgence a révélé un hématome du mésosigmoïde avec perforation rectale centimétrique. L’utilisation de la ceinture de sécurité a rajouté des caractéristiques spécifiques aux traumatismes abdominaux dépendant directement du système des ceintures à trois points. Les plaies du mésentère sont constatées jusqu’à 5 % des traumatismes contusifs abdominaux. Le « signe de la ceinture de sécurité » conduit l’équipe chirurgicale à suspecter fortement un traumatisme intra-abdominal. Lors que le « signe de la ceinture de sécurité » est retrouvé chez les patients qui présentent des contusions suite à un accident de voiture, une TDM devrait être réalisée afin d’exclure la présence de complications intra-abdominales, y compris celles du mésosigmoïde. En cas d’hématome du mésentère prouvé, avec rectorragie, le traitement chirurgical devrait être le traitement de choix. Un traitement conservatif est envisageable chez les patients stables mais l’exploration chirurgicale demeure nécessaire chez les patients instables avec saignement actif.

肠系膜创伤是机动车碰撞事故中系安全带可能造成的损伤之一。我们在此报告一例罕见的肠系膜乙状结肠血肿破裂引起的直肠出血。急诊剖腹手术发现乙状膜状血肿伴厘米级直肠穿孔。安全带的佩戴增加了一些特定的钝性腹部创伤,这直接取决于腰带和腰带。肠系膜损伤是发现高达5%的钝性腹部创伤。"安全带痕迹"让外科小组强烈怀疑是腹部外伤。当发现“安全带标记”征象时,轻重型钝性汽车损伤患者必须进行ct扫描,以消除腹内并发症,包括肠系膜和肠系膜。在肠系膜血肿合并肠出血的情况下,必须考虑手术治疗作为首选。对于病情稳定的患者,保守入路仍是可行的,但对于有活动性出血的不稳定患者,手术探查仍是必要的。“伤情”指的是“伤害”,指的是“伤害”,指的是“伤害”,指的是“伤害”,指的是“伤害”,指的是“伤害”。已有报道称,发生了罕见的直肠破裂病例dû 与直肠破裂有关的病例mésosigmoïde。一次剖腹手术,紧急一次,一次,一次,一次,一次,一次,一次。利用 数据交换系统- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -lesplaies du msamentsire和constatsamsines仅占创伤性腹部挫伤的5%。“ssamquirise”的意思是“ssamquirise”,意思是“ssamquirise”,意思是“ssamquirise”。那时le«个de la束带安全范围»美国东部时间是由于在病人,presentent des挫伤套件联合国事故车辆,一个TDM devrait可能realisee afin d 'exclure la存在腹腔并发症,y的理解细胞du mesosigmoide。En cas d ' hsamatome du msamsentre prouvev, avec rectorage, le traitement surgical devraêtre le traitement de choix。治疗保守最可预见的是降低患者的稳定程度,而治疗不稳定的主要原因是降低患者的治疗效果。
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引用次数: 0
Portal biliopathy 门脉胆汁病。
Pub Date : 2010-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gcb.2010.07.001
I. Alibi, L. Arrivé
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引用次数: 0
Microsporidiosis: Epidemiology, clinical data and therapy 微孢子虫病:流行病学、临床资料和治疗
Pub Date : 2010-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.gcb.2010.07.003
S. Anane, H. Attouchi

Microsporidiosis is an emerging and opportunistic infection in AIDS patients, organ transplant recipients, children, travelers, contact lens wearers and the elderly. It is associated with a wide range of clinical syndromes of microsporidiosis in humans. The disease is caused by microsporidia, obligate intracellular microorganisms that were recently reclassified from protozoa to fungi. The 14 species of microsporidia currently known to infect humans, Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis, are the most common causes of human infections and are associated with diarrhea and systemic disease. Species of microsporidia infecting humans have been identified in water sources as well as in wild, domestic and food-producing farm animals, raising concerns of water-borne, food-borne and zoonotic transmission. Various molecules have been tested for treating microsporidiosis in humans with variable success. Albendazole is effective against Encephalitozoon species such us Encephalitozoon intestinalis but not against Enterocytozoon bieneusi. This species has shown excellent clinical therapeutic response to direct action with fumagillin, but this drug is toxic when administered systematically to mammals. Its analog, TNP 470, could be promising alternative. Further work is necessary to identify other drugs, which are both effective and devoid of adverse effects.

La microsporidiose est une infection opportuniste émergente chez les personnes atteintes du sida, les greffés d’organes, les enfants, les voyageurs, les porteurs de lentilles de contact et les personnes âgées. Elle est caractérisée par un spectre clinique varié chez l’homme. Elle est causée par des microsporidies, des microorganismes intracellulaires obligatoires, récemment classées parmi les champignons. Actuellement, 14 espèces sont incriminées en pathologie humaine dont Enterocytozoon bieneusi et Encephalitozoon intestinalis sont les espèces les plus fréquentes. Elles sont associées surtout à des manifestations intestinales ou disséminées. Les espèces de microsporidies infectant l’homme ont été identifiées aussi bien dans des sources d’eau que des aliments ou des animaux de ferme ou domestiques suggérant une transmission hydrique, alimentaire et zoonotique. Différentes molécules ont été testées pour le traitement de la microsporidiose humaine avec un succès variable. L’albendazole est le traitement de choix pour Encephalitozoon dont Encephalitozoon intestinalis mais non contre Enterocytozoon bieneusi. Cette espèce a montré une excellente réponse avec la fumagilline qui est toxique lorsqu’elle est administrée chez les mammifères par voie systémique. Un autre traitement employant le TNP-470, un analogue de la fumagilline, semble assez promoteur. Les efforts doivent continuer afin de développer d’autres molécules efficaces et dénuées d’effets indésirables.

微孢子虫病是艾滋病患者、器官移植受者、儿童、旅行者、隐形眼镜佩戴者和老年人的一种新出现的机会性感染。它与人类微孢子虫病的广泛临床综合征有关。这种疾病是由微孢子虫引起的,微孢子虫是一种专性细胞内微生物,最近被从原生动物重新分类为真菌。目前已知的14种感染人类的微孢子虫,即双氏肠胞虫和肠脑虫,是人类感染的最常见原因,并与腹泻和全身性疾病有关。在水源以及野生、家养和生产粮食的农场动物中发现了感染人类的微孢子虫种类,引起了对水传播、食源性传播和人畜共患传播的关注。已经测试了各种分子用于治疗人类微孢子虫病,取得了不同的成功。阿苯达唑对肠性脑囊虫等脑囊虫有效,但对比氏肠胞虫无效。该物种对富马青霉素的直接作用表现出良好的临床治疗反应,但这种药物系统地给哺乳动物施用时是有毒的。它的类似物tnp470可能是有希望的替代品。需要进一步的工作来确定其他既有效又没有副作用的药物。微孢子虫是一种感染机会性的病毒,它与人体免疫系统、人体免疫系统、儿童、航海者、接触者、接触者和人体免疫系统的感染有关。我是caracacry - acri - acacri - acri - acri - acri - acri - acri - acri - acri - acri - acri。它是由胞内微生物引起的,是由胞内微生物引起的,是由胞内微生物引起的,是由胞内微生物引起的。实际上,有14种疾病被认为是人类病理学上的犯罪,不包括肠细胞体和肠囊虫,也不包括大肠细胞体和其他疾病。其他的一些组织,如其他的组织,如其他的组织,如其他的组织。《人体微孢子虫传染病》确定了人体微孢子虫的来源、人体微孢子虫的来源、人体微孢子虫的来源、人体微孢子虫的来源、人体微孢子虫的来源、人体微孢子虫的来源、人体微孢子虫的来源、人体微孢子虫的来源、人体微孢子虫的来源、人体微孢子虫的来源。不同的变异体、不同的变异体、不同的变异体、不同的变异体、不同的变异体。阿苯达唑是一种治疗肠囊虫的药物,对肠囊虫无抑制作用。ceetespce是一种监测系统,它可以监测到一种优秀的电子烟和电子烟,它可以监测到一种特殊的电子烟和电子烟。非天然治疗剂TNP-470,非类似物la fumagilline,可组装asz促进剂。我们的努力不会继续下去,因为我们无法确定,在确定了这些因素之后,我们无法确定,这些因素是无法确定的。
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引用次数: 123
期刊
Gastroenterologie Clinique Et Biologique
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