Pub Date : 2010-09-01DOI: 10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70033-6
R. Pais, Y. Benhamou
As human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are acquired through the same routes of contamination, the prevalence of HBV serological markers found in the HIV-infected population is approximately 7%. Liver-related mortality and morbidity is higher in HIV/HBV co-infected patients than in HBV mono-infected patients. Both viruses must be considered before a treatment decision is made. According to the European consensus conference on the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and C in HIV coinfected patients, treatment is based on whether there is an existing indication of anti- HIV therapy or not. In patients with no indication of anti-HIV therapy, drugs with dual anti-viral activity (lamivudine, entecavir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) should not be used due to the risk of developing HIV-resistance. Interferon or adefovir in combination with telbivudine are recommended. In patients with an indication of anti-HIV therapy, a backbone of highly active anti-retroviral therapy should include tenofovir in combination with lamivudine or emtricitabine. The same regimen is recommended in patients who develop lamivudine resistance.
{"title":"Traitements à long terme de l’hépatite chronique B chez le patient co-infecté par le VIH","authors":"R. Pais, Y. Benhamou","doi":"10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70033-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70033-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are acquired through the same routes of contamination, the prevalence of HBV serological markers found in the HIV-infected population is approximately 7%. Liver-related mortality and morbidity is higher in HIV/HBV co-infected patients than in HBV mono-infected patients. Both viruses must be considered before a treatment decision is made. According to the European consensus conference on the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and C in HIV coinfected patients, treatment is based on whether there is an existing indication of anti- HIV therapy or not. In patients with no indication of anti-HIV therapy, drugs with dual anti-viral activity (lamivudine, entecavir, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) should not be used due to the risk of developing HIV-resistance. Interferon or adefovir in combination with telbivudine are recommended. In patients with an indication of anti-HIV therapy, a backbone of highly active anti-retroviral therapy should include tenofovir in combination with lamivudine or emtricitabine. The same regimen is recommended in patients who develop lamivudine resistance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12508,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterologie Clinique Et Biologique","volume":"34 ","pages":"Pages S136-S141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70033-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29484213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-09-01DOI: 10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70020-8
P. Seksik
Gut microbiota contains about 1014 bacterial cells classified within 4 bacterial phyla, namely Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Much of the information has been generated through the application of nucleic acid-based methodologies (16S rRNA) which provide a cornerstone of microbial taxonomy. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves a dysregulated immune response to the gut microbiota in genetically predisposed hosts. Experimental animal models of colitis provide the best evidence that bacteria present in the bowel of the animals have an essential role in the pathogenesis of colitis since in most models, germ-free animals do not develop disease. Moreover, in the immunodeficient mouse model of colitis called TRUC (T-bet-/- x RAG2-/-), a colitogenic gut microbiota is selected and can be transmitted to mice with intact immunity and induce colitis. Current interest therefore focuses on the bacterial community as the source of antigens that fuel the chronic inflammation seen in IBD. Dysbiosis, an imbalance between harmful and protective bacteria, has been evoked and investigated in IBD. Thus, besides the classical pathogens, gut microbiota can drive pathogenicity via two mechanisms: an expansion of ‘pro-inflammatory'species or a restriction in the protective compounds of the microbiota. Complexity of the microbiota suggests that both mechanisms may contribute to chronic gut inflammation in IBD.
Le microbiote intestinal contient environ 1014 bactéries classées en 4 phyla bactériens: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, et Proteobacteria. Une grande partie des informations concernant cet écosystème a été générée par l’application de méthodes moléculaires visant la reconnaisance des acides nucléiques (16S ARNr) motifs moléculaires clefs de la taxonomie microbienne. Les maladies inflammatoires de l’intestin (MICI) résultent d’une réponse immunitaire dérégulée vis-à-vis du microbiote intestinal chez des sujets génétiquement prédisposés. Les modèles murins de colite expérimentale fournissent des arguments expérimentaux solides pour incriminer la microflore intestinale dans la pathogenèse d’une colite. En effet, dans la plupart des modèles, la colite ne se développe pas en absence de microbiote (situation axénique). Récemment, avec le modèle de souris immunodéficientes de colite appelée TRUC (T-bet– /– x RAG2– /– , ulcerative colitis), un nouveau paradigme a emergé puisque le microbiote intestinal semble pouvoir transmettre la colite suggérant ainsi l’existence d’un microbiote ‘colitogénique’. Un intérêt grandissant centré sur l’étude des communautés bactériennes comme source antigénique alimentant l’inflammation chronique au cours des MICI a vu le jour. Une dysbiose, i.e. un déséquilibre entre des bactéries ‘délétères’et ‘bénéfiques’, a été évoquée et recherchée dans les MICI. A côté des agents pathogènes classiques, l
肠道菌群包含约1014个细菌细胞,可分为厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门和变形菌门4个菌门。许多信息是通过应用基于核酸的方法(16S rRNA)产生的,它提供了微生物分类学的基石。炎症性肠病(IBD)涉及对遗传易感宿主肠道微生物群的失调免疫反应。结肠炎的实验动物模型提供了最好的证据,证明存在于动物肠道中的细菌在结肠炎的发病机制中起重要作用,因为在大多数模型中,无菌动物不会发病。此外,在结肠炎免疫缺陷小鼠模型TRUC (T-bet-/- x RAG2-/-)中,选择了一种可致结肠炎的肠道菌群,可传播给免疫功能完好的小鼠,诱发结肠炎。因此,目前的兴趣集中在作为炎症性肠病慢性炎症的抗原来源的细菌群落上。生态失调,有害细菌和保护细菌之间的不平衡,已经在IBD中引起和研究。因此,除了经典病原体外,肠道微生物群还可以通过两种机制驱动致病性:“促炎”物种的扩张或微生物群中保护性化合物的限制。微生物群的复杂性表明,这两种机制都可能导致IBD的慢性肠道炎症。肠道大陆环境微生物群有1014个,有4个细菌门:厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门、变形菌门。一个大的缔约方提供了有关系统和系统系统的信息,以及关于系统系统和系统系统的信息,例如关于系统系统和系统系统的信息。肠道疾病、炎症(MICI)、免疫系统、免疫系统、免疫系统、免疫系统、免疫系统、免疫系统、免疫系统、免疫系统、免疫系统、免疫系统、免疫系统和免疫系统。在大肠杆菌实验中,大肠杆菌和大肠杆菌的病原体都是由大肠杆菌和大肠杆菌组成的。因此,如果没有微生物的情况,就不会有微生物的情况(即没有微生物的情况)。(3)大肠杆菌,大肠杆菌;(3)大肠杆菌;(3)大肠杆菌;(3)大肠杆菌;(3)大肠杆菌;(3)大肠杆菌;(3)大肠杆菌;(3)大肠杆菌;(3)大肠杆菌;(3)大肠杆菌;unintérêt granddisant centrcentres, l ' acacry, acacry, acacry, acacry, acacry, acacry, acacry, acacry, acacry, acacry, acacry。一个dysbiose,即联合国desequilibre des bacteries之间“删除人'et”benefiques’,疾病evoquee et recherchee在MICI。A côté des agents pathog classiques, le microbiote intestinal porporit porter one pathog - icnicic de deux - farons: A ' 'expansion d ' esp«proinflammatoires»,A ' ' reduce de bact - protectices«anti-inflammatoires»。微生物复杂性研究表明,在MICI过程中,肠道慢性感染和肠道慢性感染是导致疾病的元凶。
{"title":"Gut microbiota and IBD","authors":"P. Seksik","doi":"10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70020-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70020-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gut microbiota contains about 10<sup>14</sup> bacterial cells classified within 4 bacterial phyla, namely Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Much of the information has been generated through the application of nucleic acid-based methodologies (16S rRNA) which provide a cornerstone of microbial taxonomy. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves a dysregulated immune response to the gut microbiota in genetically predisposed hosts. Experimental animal models of colitis provide the best evidence that bacteria present in the bowel of the animals have an essential role in the pathogenesis of colitis since in most models, germ-free animals do not develop disease. Moreover, in the immunodeficient mouse model of colitis called TRUC (T-bet-/- x RAG2-/-), a colitogenic gut microbiota is selected and can be transmitted to mice with intact immunity and induce colitis. Current interest therefore focuses on the bacterial community as the source of antigens that fuel the chronic inflammation seen in IBD. Dysbiosis, an imbalance between harmful and protective bacteria, has been evoked and investigated in IBD. Thus, besides the classical pathogens, gut microbiota can drive pathogenicity via two mechanisms: an expansion of ‘pro-inflammatory'species or a restriction in the protective compounds of the microbiota. Complexity of the microbiota suggests that both mechanisms may contribute to chronic gut inflammation in IBD.</p></div><div><p>Le microbiote intestinal contient environ 10<sup>14</sup> bactéries classées en 4 phyla bactériens: <em>Firmicutes</em>, <em>Bacteroidetes</em>, <em>Actinobacteria</em>, et <em>Proteobacteria</em>. Une grande partie des informations concernant cet écosystème a été générée par l’application de méthodes moléculaires visant la reconnaisance des acides nucléiques (16S ARNr) motifs moléculaires clefs de la taxonomie microbienne. Les maladies inflammatoires de l’intestin (MICI) résultent d’une réponse immunitaire dérégulée vis-à-vis du microbiote intestinal chez des sujets génétiquement prédisposés. Les modèles murins de colite expérimentale fournissent des arguments expérimentaux solides pour incriminer la microflore intestinale dans la pathogenèse d’une colite. En effet, dans la plupart des modèles, la colite ne se développe pas en absence de microbiote (situation axénique). Récemment, avec le modèle de souris immunodéficientes de colite appelée TRUC (T-bet<sup>– /–</sup> x RAG2<sup>– /–</sup> , ulcerative colitis), un nouveau paradigme a emergé puisque le microbiote intestinal semble pouvoir transmettre la colite suggérant ainsi l’existence d’un microbiote ‘colitogénique’. Un intérêt grandissant centré sur l’étude des communautés bactériennes comme source antigénique alimentant l’inflammation chronique au cours des MICI a vu le jour. Une dysbiose, i.e. un déséquilibre entre des bactéries ‘délétères’et ‘bénéfiques’, a été évoquée et recherchée dans les MICI. A côté des agents pathogènes classiques, l","PeriodicalId":12508,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterologie Clinique Et Biologique","volume":"34 ","pages":"Pages S44-S51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0399-8320(10)70020-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29326526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gcb.2010.05.003
S. Naveau
{"title":"Body mass index and risk of liver cirrhosis in middle aged UK women: Prospective study","authors":"S. Naveau","doi":"10.1016/j.gcb.2010.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gcb.2010.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12508,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterologie Clinique Et Biologique","volume":"34 8","pages":"Pages 429-430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.gcb.2010.05.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29077071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gcb.2010.05.007
O. Rosmorduc
Portal hypertension is the most important complication that develops in patients with cirrhosis. Several studies have shown that angiogenesis (i.e. splanchnic neovascularization) driven by VEGF and other proangiogenic molecules, like PDGF, may be a major mechanism involved in portal hypertension, hyperdynamic splanchnic circulation and portosystemic collateralization. According with this, antiangiogenic therapies, like sorafenib or sunitinib, have been recently shown to reduce portosystemic collateral circulation, improve splanchnic hyperdynamics and decrease portal pressure in experimental model of portal hypertension. This effect was associated to a decrease in VEGF, PDGF expression and splanchnic neovascularization. In addition, these therapies were associated with a decrease in both splanchnic and intrahepatic inflammatory infiltrates, in hepatic stellate cell activation and in intrahepatic fibrosis. These data suggest that antiangiogenic therapies may therefore, by limiting liver fibrosis and inflammation in cirrhosis, prevent the occurrence of severe complications, such as portal hypertension and potentially liver cancer.
{"title":"Antiangiogenic therapies in portal hypertension: A breakthrough in hepatology","authors":"O. Rosmorduc","doi":"10.1016/j.gcb.2010.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gcb.2010.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Portal hypertension is the most important complication that develops in patients with cirrhosis. Several studies have shown that angiogenesis (i.e. splanchnic neovascularization) driven by VEGF and other proangiogenic molecules, like PDGF, may be a major mechanism involved in portal hypertension, hyperdynamic splanchnic circulation and portosystemic collateralization. According with this, antiangiogenic therapies, like sorafenib or sunitinib, have been recently shown to reduce portosystemic collateral circulation, improve splanchnic hyperdynamics and decrease portal pressure in experimental model of portal hypertension. This effect was associated to a decrease in VEGF, PDGF expression and splanchnic neovascularization. In addition, these therapies were associated with a decrease in both splanchnic and intrahepatic inflammatory infiltrates, in hepatic stellate cell activation and in intrahepatic fibrosis. These data suggest that antiangiogenic therapies may therefore, by limiting liver fibrosis and inflammation in cirrhosis, prevent the occurrence of severe complications, such as portal hypertension and potentially liver cancer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12508,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterologie Clinique Et Biologique","volume":"34 8","pages":"Pages 446-449"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.gcb.2010.05.007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29121826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gcb.2010.05.008
E. Gruden , E. Ragot , R. Arienzo , A. Revaux , M. Magri , M. Grossin , C. Leroy , S. Msika , R. Kianmanesh
Mesenteric trauma is one of the possible injuries caused by the use of seat belts in case of motor vehicle crash. We report here a rare case of rectal bleeding by rupture of a mesosigmoid haematoma. An emergent laparotomy revealed a mesosigmoid haematoma with a centimetric rectal perforation. The wearing of safety belts added some specific blunt abdominal trauma, which directly depends on lap-and-sash belts. Mesenteric injuries are found out up to 5% of blunt abdominal traumas. “Seat belt mark” leads the surgical team to strongly suspect an intra-abdominal trauma. When “seat belt mark” sign is found, in patients with mild to severe blunt car injuries, CT-scan has to be realised to eliminate intra-abdominal complications, including mesenteric and mesosigmoid ones. In case of proved mesenteric haematoma associated to intestinal bleeding, a surgical treatment must be considered as first choice. Conservative approach remains possible in stable patients but surgical exploration remains necessary in unstable patients with active bleeding.
Le traumatisme du mésentère est un des dommages causés par l’utilisation de la ceinture de sécurité en cas d’accident de véhicule. Nous reportons ici un rare cas de rectorragie dû à la rupture d’un hématome du mésosigmoïde. Une laparotomie en urgence a révélé un hématome du mésosigmoïde avec perforation rectale centimétrique. L’utilisation de la ceinture de sécurité a rajouté des caractéristiques spécifiques aux traumatismes abdominaux dépendant directement du système des ceintures à trois points. Les plaies du mésentère sont constatées jusqu’à 5 % des traumatismes contusifs abdominaux. Le « signe de la ceinture de sécurité » conduit l’équipe chirurgicale à suspecter fortement un traumatisme intra-abdominal. Lors que le « signe de la ceinture de sécurité » est retrouvé chez les patients qui présentent des contusions suite à un accident de voiture, une TDM devrait être réalisée afin d’exclure la présence de complications intra-abdominales, y compris celles du mésosigmoïde. En cas d’hématome du mésentère prouvé, avec rectorragie, le traitement chirurgical devrait être le traitement de choix. Un traitement conservatif est envisageable chez les patients stables mais l’exploration chirurgicale demeure nécessaire chez les patients instables avec saignement actif.
肠系膜创伤是机动车碰撞事故中系安全带可能造成的损伤之一。我们在此报告一例罕见的肠系膜乙状结肠血肿破裂引起的直肠出血。急诊剖腹手术发现乙状膜状血肿伴厘米级直肠穿孔。安全带的佩戴增加了一些特定的钝性腹部创伤,这直接取决于腰带和腰带。肠系膜损伤是发现高达5%的钝性腹部创伤。"安全带痕迹"让外科小组强烈怀疑是腹部外伤。当发现“安全带标记”征象时,轻重型钝性汽车损伤患者必须进行ct扫描,以消除腹内并发症,包括肠系膜和肠系膜。在肠系膜血肿合并肠出血的情况下,必须考虑手术治疗作为首选。对于病情稳定的患者,保守入路仍是可行的,但对于有活动性出血的不稳定患者,手术探查仍是必要的。“伤情”指的是“伤害”,指的是“伤害”,指的是“伤害”,指的是“伤害”,指的是“伤害”,指的是“伤害”。已有报道称,发生了罕见的直肠破裂病例dû 与直肠破裂有关的病例mésosigmoïde。一次剖腹手术,紧急一次,一次,一次,一次,一次,一次,一次。利用数据交换系统- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -lesplaies du msamentsire和constatsamsines仅占创伤性腹部挫伤的5%。“ssamquirise”的意思是“ssamquirise”,意思是“ssamquirise”,意思是“ssamquirise”。那时le«个de la束带安全范围»美国东部时间是由于在病人,presentent des挫伤套件联合国事故车辆,一个TDM devrait可能realisee afin d 'exclure la存在腹腔并发症,y的理解细胞du mesosigmoide。En cas d ' hsamatome du msamsentre prouvev, avec rectorage, le traitement surgical devraêtre le traitement de choix。治疗保守最可预见的是降低患者的稳定程度,而治疗不稳定的主要原因是降低患者的治疗效果。
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Pub Date : 2010-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gcb.2010.07.003
S. Anane, H. Attouchi
Microsporidiosis is an emerging and opportunistic infection in AIDS patients, organ transplant recipients, children, travelers, contact lens wearers and the elderly. It is associated with a wide range of clinical syndromes of microsporidiosis in humans. The disease is caused by microsporidia, obligate intracellular microorganisms that were recently reclassified from protozoa to fungi. The 14 species of microsporidia currently known to infect humans, Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis, are the most common causes of human infections and are associated with diarrhea and systemic disease. Species of microsporidia infecting humans have been identified in water sources as well as in wild, domestic and food-producing farm animals, raising concerns of water-borne, food-borne and zoonotic transmission. Various molecules have been tested for treating microsporidiosis in humans with variable success. Albendazole is effective against Encephalitozoon species such us Encephalitozoon intestinalis but not against Enterocytozoon bieneusi. This species has shown excellent clinical therapeutic response to direct action with fumagillin, but this drug is toxic when administered systematically to mammals. Its analog, TNP 470, could be promising alternative. Further work is necessary to identify other drugs, which are both effective and devoid of adverse effects.
La microsporidiose est une infection opportuniste émergente chez les personnes atteintes du sida, les greffés d’organes, les enfants, les voyageurs, les porteurs de lentilles de contact et les personnes âgées. Elle est caractérisée par un spectre clinique varié chez l’homme. Elle est causée par des microsporidies, des microorganismes intracellulaires obligatoires, récemment classées parmi les champignons. Actuellement, 14 espèces sont incriminées en pathologie humaine dont Enterocytozoon bieneusi et Encephalitozoon intestinalis sont les espèces les plus fréquentes. Elles sont associées surtout à des manifestations intestinales ou disséminées. Les espèces de microsporidies infectant l’homme ont été identifiées aussi bien dans des sources d’eau que des aliments ou des animaux de ferme ou domestiques suggérant une transmission hydrique, alimentaire et zoonotique. Différentes molécules ont été testées pour le traitement de la microsporidiose humaine avec un succès variable. L’albendazole est le traitement de choix pour Encephalitozoon dont Encephalitozoon intestinalis mais non contre Enterocytozoon bieneusi. Cette espèce a montré une excellente réponse avec la fumagilline qui est toxique lorsqu’elle est administrée chez les mammifères par voie systémique. Un autre traitement employant le TNP-470, un analogue de la fumagilline, semble assez promoteur. Les efforts doivent continuer afin de développer d’autres molécules efficaces et dénuées d’effets indésirables.
{"title":"Microsporidiosis: Epidemiology, clinical data and therapy","authors":"S. Anane, H. Attouchi","doi":"10.1016/j.gcb.2010.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gcb.2010.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microsporidiosis is an emerging and opportunistic infection in AIDS patients, organ transplant recipients, children, travelers, contact lens wearers and the elderly. It is associated with a wide range of clinical syndromes of microsporidiosis in humans. The disease is caused by microsporidia, obligate intracellular microorganisms that were recently reclassified from protozoa to fungi. The 14 species of microsporidia currently known to infect humans, <em>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</em> and <em>Encephalitozoon intestinalis</em>, are the most common causes of human infections and are associated with diarrhea and systemic disease. Species of microsporidia infecting humans have been identified in water sources as well as in wild, domestic and food-producing farm animals, raising concerns of water-borne, food-borne and zoonotic transmission. Various molecules have been tested for treating microsporidiosis in humans with variable success. Albendazole is effective against <em>Encephalitozoon</em> species such us <em>Encephalitozoon intestinalis</em> but not against <em>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</em>. This species has shown excellent clinical therapeutic response to direct action with fumagillin, but this drug is toxic when administered systematically to mammals. Its analog, TNP 470, could be promising alternative. Further work is necessary to identify other drugs, which are both effective and devoid of adverse effects.</p></div><div><p>La microsporidiose est une infection opportuniste émergente chez les personnes atteintes du sida, les greffés d’organes, les enfants, les voyageurs, les porteurs de lentilles de contact et les personnes âgées. Elle est caractérisée par un spectre clinique varié chez l’homme. Elle est causée par des microsporidies, des microorganismes intracellulaires obligatoires, récemment classées parmi les champignons. Actuellement, 14 espèces sont incriminées en pathologie humaine dont <em>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</em> et <em>Encephalitozoon intestinalis</em> sont les espèces les plus fréquentes. Elles sont associées surtout à des manifestations intestinales ou disséminées. Les espèces de microsporidies infectant l’homme ont été identifiées aussi bien dans des sources d’eau que des aliments ou des animaux de ferme ou domestiques suggérant une transmission hydrique, alimentaire et zoonotique. Différentes molécules ont été testées pour le traitement de la microsporidiose humaine avec un succès variable. L’albendazole est le traitement de choix pour <em>Encephalitozoon</em> dont <em>Encephalitozoon intestinalis</em> mais non contre <em>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</em>. Cette espèce a montré une excellente réponse avec la fumagilline qui est toxique lorsqu’elle est administrée chez les mammifères par voie systémique. Un autre traitement employant le TNP-470, un analogue de la fumagilline, semble assez promoteur. Les efforts doivent continuer afin de développer d’autres molécules efficaces et dénuées d’effets indésirables.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12508,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterologie Clinique Et Biologique","volume":"34 8","pages":"Pages 450-464"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.gcb.2010.07.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29181964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}