This paper seeks to demonstrate the relation between homology group and homotopy group. The result in this paper is a construction of the homology of a complex torus.
本文试图证明同调群与同伦群之间的关系。本文的结果是一个复环面同调的构造。
{"title":"Comparative analysis between homotopy group and homology group","authors":"W. Obeng-Denteh, David Adjei ","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v28i1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v28i1.13","url":null,"abstract":"This paper seeks to demonstrate the relation between homology group and homotopy group. The result in this paper is a construction of the homology of a complex torus.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82520689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The main objective of wastewater treatment is to purify the water by degradation of organic matter in the water to an environmentally friendly status. To achieve this objective, some effluent (waste water) quality parameters such as Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) should be measured continuously in order to meet up with the said objective and regulatory demands. However, through the prediction on water quality parameters, effective guidance can be provided to comply with such demand without necessarily engaging in rigorous laboratory analysis. Box-Jenkin’s Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) technique is one of the most refined extrapolation techniques for prediction while Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a modern non-linear method also used for prediction. The Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Correlation coefficient (r) are used to evaluate the accuracy of the above-mentioned models. This paper examined the efficiency of ARIMA and ANN models in prediction of two major water quality parameters (COD and BOD5) in a wastewater treatment plant. With the aid of R software, it was concluded that in all the error estimates, ANNs models performed better than the ARIMA model, hence it can be used in the operation of the treatment system.
{"title":"Evaluation of auto regressive integrated moving average (arima) and artificial neural networks (ann) in the prediction of effluent quality of a wastewater treatment system.","authors":"HOWARD, C. C.,, ETUK, E. H., , HOWARD, I. C.,","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v28i1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v28i1.10","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of wastewater treatment is to purify the water by degradation of organic matter in the water to an environmentally friendly status. To achieve this objective, some effluent (waste water) quality parameters such as Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) should be measured continuously in order to meet up with the said objective and regulatory demands. However, through the prediction on water quality parameters, effective guidance can be provided to comply with such demand without necessarily engaging in rigorous laboratory analysis. Box-Jenkin’s Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) technique is one of the most refined extrapolation techniques for prediction while Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a modern non-linear method also used for prediction. The Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Correlation coefficient (r) are used to evaluate the accuracy of the above-mentioned models. This paper examined the efficiency of ARIMA and ANN models in prediction of two major water quality parameters (COD and BOD5) in a wastewater treatment plant. With the aid of R software, it was concluded that in all the error estimates, ANNs models performed better than the ARIMA model, hence it can be used in the operation of the treatment system.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91003304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Josephine Eneji Egbung, Margaret Akpana Agiang,, M. Obi-Abang,, N. Essien, Aniekeme Inyang,
Assessment of the proximate composition and anti-nutrient composition of groundnut soup delicacy prepared with Ficus glumosa leaves was carried out in this study. Proximate and anti-nutrient composition of all the soups namely groundnut soup made without Ficus glumosa (GS), groundnut soup made with unblanched F. glumosa (GSUB), groundnut soup with blanched F. glumosa (GSBF), with blanched and dried F. glumosa (GSBD) were evaluated using standard methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) and other standard assay techniques. The results of the proximate analysis showed a high crude protein and crude fat contents (19.87 to 31.77 and 21.11 to 29.10 in percentage dry weight) respectively, in all the soup samples. GS had the highest protein content (31.77%). The crude protein in all the soups were significantly (p<0.001) higher than GS. Also, crude protein in GSBD and GSBF had significantly (p<0.001) higher value compared to GSUB. The crude fat of GSUB was significantly (p<0.05) higher than GS. The GSBD was also significantly higher (p<0.05) than GSUB. The soups had moderate carbohydrate (2.43 to 9.46%) and crude fibre content (0.23 to 5.37%). Ash content obtained was significantly (p<0.001) high in the F. glumosa containing soups and GS. Assessment of oxalate, phytate and tannin showed that cooking reduced the quantity of anti-nutrients in the soups.
{"title":"Evaluation of proximate composition and anti-nutrient content of groundnut soup delicacy prepared with processed ficus glumosa leaves","authors":"Josephine Eneji Egbung, Margaret Akpana Agiang,, M. Obi-Abang,, N. Essien, Aniekeme Inyang,","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v28i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v28i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Assessment of the proximate composition and anti-nutrient composition of groundnut soup delicacy prepared with Ficus glumosa leaves was carried out in this study. Proximate and anti-nutrient composition of all the soups namely groundnut soup made without Ficus glumosa (GS), groundnut soup made with unblanched F. glumosa (GSUB), groundnut soup with blanched F. glumosa (GSBF), with blanched and dried F. glumosa (GSBD) were evaluated using standard methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) and other standard assay techniques. The results of the proximate analysis showed a high crude protein and crude fat contents (19.87 to 31.77 and 21.11 to 29.10 in percentage dry weight) respectively, in all the soup samples. GS had the highest protein content (31.77%). The crude protein in all the soups were significantly (p<0.001) higher than GS. Also, crude protein in GSBD and GSBF had significantly (p<0.001) higher value compared to GSUB. The crude fat of GSUB was significantly (p<0.05) higher than GS. The GSBD was also significantly higher (p<0.05) than GSUB. The soups had moderate carbohydrate (2.43 to 9.46%) and crude fibre content (0.23 to 5.37%). Ash content obtained was significantly (p<0.001) high in the F. glumosa containing soups and GS. Assessment of oxalate, phytate and tannin showed that cooking reduced the quantity of anti-nutrients in the soups.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85403189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Okoli Uchenna J.,, Edet, Olaide Bamidele,, Akpan-Idiok, Pauline Ackley,
Spirituality is a significant concept for the discipline of nursing with substantial influence on holistic care of patients. The purpose of the study was to investigate the status of Spiritual Well-Being (SWB) among nursing students in public Schools of Nursing in Anambra State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 228 nursing students based in three government Schools of Nursing in Anambra State, Nigeria. A 20 item Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWS) comprising of 10 questions each on religious and existential wellbeing sub-scales was adapted for the study. Internal consistency reliability of the instrument using the Cronbach Alpha coefficient was 0.93. Ethical approval was obtained from Nnamdi Azikwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH) ethical committee. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Chi-Square and Pearson correlation analysis were done to verify association between variables using SPSS version 21 for Windows. Probability value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The mean age of respondents was 22 years. Overall, 55.1% reported moderate level of spirituality compared with 44.9% who had high level of spirituality. Nursing students’ average spiritual well-being (SWB) score was 97.7. SWB was significantly related to the level of study of respondents (p= 0.001). A significant strong positive correlation was found between Religious Well-Being (RWB) and Existential Well-Being (p=0.001; r=.697). The study has shown that nursing students in public Schools of Nursing in Anambra State, self-reported moderate level of spiritual wellbeing (SWB). Educational interventions are required to improve nursing students’ religious and existential well-being for the ultimate purpose of promoting holistic nursing care.
灵性是护理学科的一个重要概念，对患者的整体护理有重大影响。本研究的目的是调查尼日利亚阿南布拉州公立护理学校护生的精神幸福感(SWB)状况。对尼日利亚阿南布拉州三所政府护理学校的228名护理专业学生进行了横断面调查。本研究采用20项精神幸福量表(SWS)，其中宗教幸福和存在幸福各10个问题。采用Cronbach Alpha系数计算，仪器的内部一致性信度为0.93。获得了Nnamdi Azikwe大学教学医院(NAUTH)伦理委员会的伦理批准。数据分析采用描述性和推断性统计。使用SPSS version 21 for Windows进行卡方和Pearson相关分析来验证变量之间的关联。概率值小于0.05认为有统计学意义。受访者的平均年龄为22岁。总体而言，55.1%的人灵性水平中等，44.9%的人灵性水平较高。护生精神幸福感(SWB)平均得分为97.7分。主观幸福感与被调查者的学习水平显著相关(p= 0.001)。宗教幸福感(RWB)与存在感幸福感呈显著正相关(p=0.001;r = .697)。该研究表明，阿南布拉州公立护理学校的护理学生自我报告的精神健康(SWB)水平中等。通过教育干预来提高护生的宗教幸福感和存在幸福感，最终达到促进整体护理的目的。
{"title":"Religious and existential well-being among nursing students in anambra state, nigeria","authors":"Okoli Uchenna J.,, Edet, Olaide Bamidele,, Akpan-Idiok, Pauline Ackley,","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v28i1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v28i1.9","url":null,"abstract":"Spirituality is a significant concept for the discipline of nursing with substantial influence on holistic care of patients. The purpose of the study was to investigate the status of Spiritual Well-Being (SWB) among nursing students in public Schools of Nursing in Anambra State, Nigeria. \u0000 A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 228 nursing students based in three government Schools of Nursing in Anambra State, Nigeria. A 20 item Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWS) comprising of 10 questions each on religious and existential wellbeing sub-scales was adapted for the study. Internal consistency reliability of the instrument using the Cronbach Alpha coefficient was 0.93. Ethical approval was obtained from Nnamdi Azikwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH) ethical committee. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Chi-Square and Pearson correlation analysis were done to verify association between variables using SPSS version 21 for Windows. Probability value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The mean age of respondents was 22 years. Overall, 55.1% reported moderate level of spirituality compared with 44.9% who had high level of spirituality. Nursing students’ average spiritual well-being (SWB) score was 97.7. SWB was significantly related to the level of study of respondents (p= 0.001). A significant strong positive correlation was found between Religious Well-Being (RWB) and Existential Well-Being (p=0.001; r=.697). The study has shown that nursing students in public Schools of Nursing in Anambra State, self-reported moderate level of spiritual wellbeing (SWB). Educational interventions are required to improve nursing students’ religious and existential well-being for the ultimate purpose of promoting holistic nursing care.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"247 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86706469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the nutritional status and intellectual ability of primary six (6) pupils in Southern Cross River State-Nigeria. The ex post facto research design was used in carrying out the study. The sample size consisted of five hundred and seventy nine (579) public primary schools in Southern Cross River State using stratified random sampling technique. The instrument used for this study was an intelligence test consisting of 29 items divided into four sections A-D. Pearson’s product moment correlation co-efficient was used in analyzing the result. The correlation coefficient value between them is 0.809. It is therefore recommended that primary school proprietors, administrators, even parents and government should put machinery in place to provide quality food to maintain good nutritional status of their pupils to enhance good intellectual abilities. Key word: Nutritional Status, Intellectual status, primary school.
{"title":"The relationship between nutritional status and intellectual ability of primary school children in southern cross river state–nigeria","authors":"M. Obi-Abang,","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v28i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v28i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the nutritional status and intellectual ability of primary six (6) pupils in Southern Cross River State-Nigeria. The ex post facto research design was used in carrying out the study. The sample size consisted of five hundred and seventy nine (579) public primary schools in Southern Cross River State using stratified random sampling technique. The instrument used for this study was an intelligence test consisting of 29 items divided into four sections A-D. Pearson’s product moment correlation co-efficient was used in analyzing the result. The correlation coefficient value between them is 0.809. It is therefore recommended that primary school proprietors, administrators, even parents and government should put machinery in place to provide quality food to maintain good nutritional status of their pupils to enhance good intellectual abilities. \u0000Key word: Nutritional Status, Intellectual status, primary school.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86287041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, stochastic analysis of Markov chain model used to examine stock price formation in finite states. The data was subjected to 5-step transition matrix for independent stocks where transition matrix replicated the use of 3-states transition probability matrix. This enables us proffer precise condition of obtaining expected mean rate of return of each stock. Out of the four stocks studied, stock (1), stock (2), stock (3) and stock (4), it was also discovered that stock (1) has the highest mean rate of return:4.0548 and Stock (4) has the best probability of price increasing in the near future:21%. This informs the investor about the behavior of the stocks for the purpose of decision making. From the stochastic analysis, it is revealed that stock price changes are memory-less satisfying the properties of Markov chain. i.e., it converges to a point or becomes stationary at n=5 ie S1:0.1967-0.2354,S2:0.2053-0.1913,S3:0.1972-0.2051 and S4:0.2023-0.1835. Also all states of the transition communicate and are all time dependent.
{"title":"Stochastic analysis of stock price changes as markov chain in finite states","authors":"I. U Amadi,, C. Ogbogbo, Bright O. Osu","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v28i1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v28i1.11","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, stochastic analysis of Markov chain model used to examine stock price formation in finite states. The data was subjected to 5-step transition matrix for independent stocks where transition matrix replicated the use of 3-states transition probability matrix. This enables us proffer precise condition of obtaining expected mean rate of return of each stock. Out of the four stocks studied, stock (1), stock (2), stock (3) and stock (4), it was also discovered that stock (1) has the highest mean rate of return:4.0548 and Stock (4) has the best probability of price increasing in the near future:21%. This informs the investor about the behavior of the stocks for the purpose of decision making. From the stochastic analysis, it is revealed that stock price changes are memory-less satisfying the properties of Markov chain. i.e., it converges to a point or becomes stationary at n=5 ie S1:0.1967-0.2354,S2:0.2053-0.1913,S3:0.1972-0.2051 and S4:0.2023-0.1835. Also all states of the transition communicate and are all time dependent. ","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84183552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monitoring and predicting the climatic phenomenon are the major global concern because of its devasting effects on people's lives and their environments. As a result of this, there is a need to understand the natural processes that control the dynamic evolution of the climatic phenomenon. Air temperature and relative humidity data collected from Nsukka station by the Centre for Atmospheric Research (CAR), measured in 5 minutes time steps from 1st January till 31st December, 2012 have been analysed. Dew point temperature was calculated from the actual readings of air temperature and relative humidity using appropriate empirical relation. In this paper, Average Mutual Information (AMI), False Nearest Neighbour (FNN) and Lyapunov Exponent methods were used to study changes and transitions in the dynamics of these meteorological parameters or temporal deviations from their overall dynamical regimes. The results show that the dynamic model needed to describe the data has 4-5 dimensions for air temperature, 4-6 for relative humidity and 4-5 for dew point temperature. Positive and negative Lyapunov exponents were observed in the air temperature, relative humidity and dew point temperature time series. This indicates that there exists periodicity inherent in the chaotic behaviour of these meteorological time series, causing a transition from chaoticity (positive Lyapunov exponent) to periodicity (negative Lyapunov exponent) and thereafter to chaoticity (positive Lyapunov exponent). The results, therefore, provide additional information about the climate transitions, maximum predictability and also, for formulating a weather prediction model.
{"title":"Evidence of dynamical transition and maximum predictability of air temperature, relative humidity and dew point temperature","authors":"Abidemi E. Adeniji, Adewoyin D. Adeyinka","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v27i3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v27i3.11","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring and predicting the climatic phenomenon are the major global concern because of its devasting effects on people's lives and their environments. As a result of this, there is a need to understand the natural processes that control the dynamic evolution of the climatic phenomenon. Air temperature and relative humidity data collected from Nsukka station by the Centre for Atmospheric Research (CAR), measured in 5 minutes time steps from 1st January till 31st December, 2012 have been analysed. Dew point temperature was calculated from the actual readings of air temperature and relative humidity using appropriate empirical relation. In this paper, Average Mutual Information (AMI), False Nearest Neighbour (FNN) and Lyapunov Exponent methods were used to study changes and transitions in the dynamics of these meteorological parameters or temporal deviations from their overall dynamical regimes. The results show that the dynamic model needed to describe the data has 4-5 dimensions for air temperature, 4-6 for relative humidity and 4-5 for dew point temperature. Positive and negative Lyapunov exponents were observed in the air temperature, relative humidity and dew point temperature time series. This indicates that there exists periodicity inherent in the chaotic behaviour of these meteorological time series, causing a transition from chaoticity (positive Lyapunov exponent) to periodicity (negative Lyapunov exponent) and thereafter to chaoticity (positive Lyapunov exponent). The results, therefore, provide additional information about the climate transitions, maximum predictability and also, for formulating a weather prediction model.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88602580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Savadogo, A. Konfé, I. Sourabié, B. Soro, Ramatou Konaté, M. Zoungrana, I. Zerbo, D. Bathiébo
The solar cell is assumed to be under light concentration (C=50 Suns) which leads us to take into consideration the electric field induced by electrons concentration gradient. We also take into consideration temperature influence on electron and hole diffusion parameters, on carrier generation rate, on carrier intrinsic concentration and on silicon energy gap. It emerges from results analysis that increase in temperature leads to decrease of open-circuit voltage and the photovoltaic parameters at the maximum power point (MPP) such as electric power, photo-voltage and photocurrent with however a slight increase of short-circuit photocurrent density. It also appears that temperature has a double effect on electrical parameters. The temperature dynamic effect which is characterized by parameters variations linked to operating point displacement caused by temperature variations. And the temperature proper effect which is characterized by parameters variation with temperature at a given operating point. Thus, the combination of these two effects represents temperature effective effect.
{"title":"Light concentration solar cell: temperature proper and dynamic effects on electrical parameters determined by using J-V and P-V characteristics","authors":"M. Savadogo, A. Konfé, I. Sourabié, B. Soro, Ramatou Konaté, M. Zoungrana, I. Zerbo, D. Bathiébo","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v27i3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v27i3.10","url":null,"abstract":"The solar cell is assumed to be under light concentration (C=50 Suns) which leads us to take into consideration the electric field induced by electrons concentration gradient. We also take into consideration temperature influence on electron and hole diffusion parameters, on carrier generation rate, on carrier intrinsic concentration and on silicon energy gap. It emerges from results analysis that increase in temperature leads to decrease of open-circuit voltage and the photovoltaic parameters at the maximum power point (MPP) such as electric power, photo-voltage and photocurrent with however a slight increase of short-circuit photocurrent density. It also appears that temperature has a double effect on electrical parameters. The temperature dynamic effect which is characterized by parameters variations linked to operating point displacement caused by temperature variations. And the temperature proper effect which is characterized by parameters variation with temperature at a given operating point. Thus, the combination of these two effects represents temperature effective effect.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79604554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Essien, L. Eban, N. Bassey, R. Ukpanukpong, A. O. Agunwa
Assessment of the duration exposure-dependent effect of carbamate treated net on hepatic and renal functions of albino Wistar rats after 30 and 60 days was carried out. Serum ALT, AST and ALP levels were determined to assess liver function while serum creatinine and urea levels were measured for kidney function. Eighteen (18) male albino Wstar rats weighing 138-146g were divided into 3 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1 served as control, group 2 animals were exposed to carbamate treated net for 30 days and group 3 animals exposed for 60 days. The results showed that the levels of serum AST and ALT increased in all the experimental groups exposed when compared to the control group. ALT increased significantly (p<0.05) in the rats exposed for 60 days (203.83±0.307) while AST increased highest in experimental groups exposed for 30 days (203± 1.613)and 60 days (362± 0.365) respectively when compared to the control (150.5±0.34). ALP increased significantly (p<0.05) only in the group exposed for 30 days (17.67±0.21),but decreased in the group exposed for 60 days when compared to the control group. Serum creatinine increased insignificantly (p>0.05) in the group exposed for 30 days but decreased in the group exposed for 60 days while serum urea level in the group exposed for 30 days remain unchanged but decreased after 60 days when compared to the control group. Statistically, there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in body weight and organ weight of the animals exposed for 30 and 60 days. Therefore, this present study demonstrates that exposure to carbamate treated net may alter the integrity and function of liver thereby causing hepatotoxicity while the exposure of rats to carbamate treated net may not pose any significant nephrotoxicity in rats.
{"title":"Durational exposure-dependent effect of carbamate treated net on hepatic and renal functions in Wistar rats","authors":"M. Essien, L. Eban, N. Bassey, R. Ukpanukpong, A. O. Agunwa","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v27i3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v27i3.4","url":null,"abstract":"Assessment of the duration exposure-dependent effect of carbamate treated net on hepatic and renal functions of albino Wistar rats after 30 and 60 days was carried out. Serum ALT, AST and ALP levels were determined to assess liver function while serum creatinine and urea levels were measured for kidney function. Eighteen (18) male albino Wstar rats weighing 138-146g were divided into 3 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1 served as control, group 2 animals were exposed to carbamate treated net for 30 days and group 3 animals exposed for 60 days. The results showed that the levels of serum AST and ALT increased in all the experimental groups exposed when compared to the control group. ALT increased significantly (p<0.05) in the rats exposed for 60 days (203.83±0.307) while AST increased highest in experimental groups exposed for 30 days (203± 1.613)and 60 days (362± 0.365) respectively when compared to the control (150.5±0.34). ALP increased significantly (p<0.05) only in the group exposed for 30 days (17.67±0.21),but decreased in the group exposed for 60 days when compared to the control group. Serum creatinine increased insignificantly (p>0.05) in the group exposed for 30 days but decreased in the group exposed for 60 days while serum urea level in the group exposed for 30 days remain unchanged but decreased after 60 days when compared to the control group. Statistically, there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in body weight and organ weight of the animals exposed for 30 and 60 days. Therefore, this present study demonstrates that exposure to carbamate treated net may alter the integrity and function of liver thereby causing hepatotoxicity while the exposure of rats to carbamate treated net may not pose any significant nephrotoxicity in rats.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87089247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Niso Udonkang, T. Ugbem, Iya Eze, E. Ofem, Akom Amaka, Solomon Johnson, David Onwineng
The disparity in age of diagnosis and genetic testing of breast cancer among African women is a major cause of concern. The common inherited breast cancer genes like breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1), breast cancer gene 2 (BRCA2) and Tumour protein 53 (TP53 or p53) as well as increase collagen deposition in the stroma predispose women to early breast cancer. The aim of this study was to establish the immunohistochemical expressions patterns of BRCA1, BRCA2, and p53 proteins as well as collagen changes in females with early onset breast cancers in University of Calabar Teaching Hospital. Data on breast tumours occurrences among 96 females were obtained from the Histopathology register. Ten randomly selected paraffin wax-embedded breast tissue blocks from Histopathology laboratory, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital were sectioned at 4 micrometer, stained histologically with haematoxylin and eosin, van Gieson for collagen fibres and immunohistochemically for BRCA1, BRCA2 and p53 protein expressions. Results showed that of the 96 women with breast tumours, 84.4% were ≤50 years while 15.6% were >50 years. Among the 10 tissues, 60% were BRCA1(-) and 40% BRCA1(+), 10% BRCA2(-) with 90% BRCA2(+), and 30% p53(-) with 70% p53(+) for protein expressions, although these were not significant. The BRCA1(+) tissues had significant lower staining intensity than BRCA2(+) (50.5±12.5; p=0.011) and p53(+) (53.8±8.6; p=0.040) counterparts. Majority of the breast tumours had significant increases in collagen fibre sizes consistent with type of tumour and grade of carcinoma but was irrespective of BRCA or p53 statuses. In conclusion, breast tumours are common among women below 50 years in Calabar and the selected early breast cancers were mostly characterized by negative expressions of BRCA1, positive expressions of BRCA2 and p53 proteins as well as increase deposition of collagen fibres. There is urgent need to carryout wider studies on these inherited breast cancer genes and collagen alterations to determine the risk of early breast cancer development.
{"title":"Pattern of immunohistochemical expression of inherited breast cancer genes and collagen changes among African women with early breast cancer in Calabar, Nigeria","authors":"Niso Udonkang, T. Ugbem, Iya Eze, E. Ofem, Akom Amaka, Solomon Johnson, David Onwineng","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v27i3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v27i3.8","url":null,"abstract":"The disparity in age of diagnosis and genetic testing of breast cancer among African women is a major cause of concern. The common inherited breast cancer genes like breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1), breast cancer gene 2 (BRCA2) and Tumour protein 53 (TP53 or p53) as well as increase collagen deposition in the stroma predispose women to early breast cancer. The aim of this study was to establish the immunohistochemical expressions patterns of BRCA1, BRCA2, and p53 proteins as well as collagen changes in females with early onset breast cancers in University of Calabar Teaching Hospital. Data on breast tumours occurrences among 96 females were obtained from the Histopathology register. Ten randomly selected paraffin wax-embedded breast tissue blocks from Histopathology laboratory, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital were sectioned at 4 micrometer, stained histologically with haematoxylin and eosin, van Gieson for collagen fibres and immunohistochemically for BRCA1, BRCA2 and p53 protein expressions. Results showed that of the 96 women with breast tumours, 84.4% were ≤50 years while 15.6% were >50 years. Among the 10 tissues, 60% were BRCA1(-) and 40% BRCA1(+), 10% BRCA2(-) with 90% BRCA2(+), and 30% p53(-) with 70% p53(+) for protein expressions, although these were not significant. The BRCA1(+) tissues had significant lower staining intensity than BRCA2(+) (50.5±12.5; p=0.011) and p53(+) (53.8±8.6; p=0.040) counterparts. Majority of the breast tumours had significant increases in collagen fibre sizes consistent with type of tumour and grade of carcinoma but was irrespective of BRCA or p53 statuses. In conclusion, breast tumours are common among women below 50 years in Calabar and the selected early breast cancers were mostly characterized by negative expressions of BRCA1, positive expressions of BRCA2 and p53 proteins as well as increase deposition of collagen fibres. There is urgent need to carryout wider studies on these inherited breast cancer genes and collagen alterations to determine the risk of early breast cancer development.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"91 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91403370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：