B. Udoh, S. Paulinus, S. Efanga, G. U. Udo-Affah, Itoro Efanga, E. Ukpong
Background: Studies have reported variants in the dimensions of optic nerve diameter among different ethnic groups, just as other body anatomy differs from regions to regions.Aim: To establish normal range of optic nerve diameter in a sampled Nigerian population, sonographically.Materials and Method: A total of 725 apparently healthy adult subjects (362 males aged 32 to 65 years and 363 females aged 30 to 68 years) were recruited from the South South and South Eastern parts of Nigeria for this prospective descriptive study. The optic nerve diameter (OND) was measured using a high-resolution digital dedicated small-parts real time ultrasound machine (Sonoace 5500; Medicol, Medison, Miami, FL, USA) with a high frequency (10-MHz) linear array transducer. Subjects were in supine position and were asked to keep their eyes closed and still. Coupling gel was placed on the closed eye lid with the transducer softly placed over the upper temporal eyelid in an axial plane. The OND was measured perpendicular to the vertical axis of the scanning plane as a horizontal distance between the two walls of the nerve sheath. The height and weight of the subjects were determined using a meter rule and a weighing scale.Results: The mean optic nerve sheath diameter of males and females was 4.2 ± 0.13 mm. It ranged from 4.0 to 4.45 mm. The optic nerve sheath diameter of males was not significantly different from that of females (p = 0.345). No significant difference between the mean OND of both eyes (p = 0.345). Body mass index and age did not have any association with OND (r = 0.017, 0.034), the data were normally distributed.Conclusion: Optic nerve diameter of apparently normal Nigerian adults ranges from 4.0 to 4.5 mm. Values outside this range may demand further evaluation in the study population.
{"title":"Trans-orbital sonographic assessment of optic nerve diameter in a sampled Nigerian population","authors":"B. Udoh, S. Paulinus, S. Efanga, G. U. Udo-Affah, Itoro Efanga, E. Ukpong","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v27i3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v27i3.9","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Studies have reported variants in the dimensions of optic nerve diameter among different ethnic groups, just as other body anatomy differs from regions to regions.Aim: To establish normal range of optic nerve diameter in a sampled Nigerian population, sonographically.Materials and Method: A total of 725 apparently healthy adult subjects (362 males aged 32 to 65 years and 363 females aged 30 to 68 years) were recruited from the South South and South Eastern parts of Nigeria for this prospective descriptive study. The optic nerve diameter (OND) was measured using a high-resolution digital dedicated small-parts real time ultrasound machine (Sonoace 5500; Medicol, Medison, Miami, FL, USA) with a high frequency (10-MHz) linear array transducer. Subjects were in supine position and were asked to keep their eyes closed and still. Coupling gel was placed on the closed eye lid with the transducer softly placed over the upper temporal eyelid in an axial plane. The OND was measured perpendicular to the vertical axis of the scanning plane as a horizontal distance between the two walls of the nerve sheath. The height and weight of the subjects were determined using a meter rule and a weighing scale.Results: The mean optic nerve sheath diameter of males and females was 4.2 ± 0.13 mm. It ranged from 4.0 to 4.45 mm. The optic nerve sheath diameter of males was not significantly different from that of females (p = 0.345). No significant difference between the mean OND of both eyes (p = 0.345). Body mass index and age did not have any association with OND (r = 0.017, 0.034), the data were normally distributed.Conclusion: Optic nerve diameter of apparently normal Nigerian adults ranges from 4.0 to 4.5 mm. Values outside this range may demand further evaluation in the study population.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88916015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. M. Udoidiong, C. Udosen, M. U. Okoroji, A. S. Etok
Surface water samples from three locations in the Lower Enyong Creek, S.E. Nigeria were sampled over six months i.e June to October (wet season) and November in dry season for heavy metals such as Cd, Mn, Fe, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cr) using Atomic absorption spectroscopic method. Some specific physicochemical characteristics, such as temperature, hardness, alkalinity, salinity, TDS, TSS, pH and conductivity which are known to influence the interactions and dynamics of trace metal loads in water bodies were also determined. The result of the analysis indicated significant monthly variation of these parameters for the six months. Monthly summary statistics revealed a few seasonal patterns that echoed the hydrologic regime. During the short dry season in August–September period, all the sampled stream channels had lower levels of Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu Cr, Pb and Fe. Salinity, for instance, correlated strongly (p<0.05) with Cu (0.70); Cr (0.56); Ni (0.72); nitrate (0.61) and Na (0.49). However, the concentrations of most heavy metals were low, while Zn content was higher than the WHO standard for surface water which indicated significant contamination by Zn in the water body.
{"title":"Seasonality of surface water contamination by heavy metals in the lower Enyong creek, s.e. Nigeria)","authors":"O. M. Udoidiong, C. Udosen, M. U. Okoroji, A. S. Etok","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v27i3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v27i3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Surface water samples from three locations in the Lower Enyong Creek, S.E. Nigeria were sampled over six months i.e June to October (wet season) and November in dry season for heavy metals such as Cd, Mn, Fe, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cr) using Atomic absorption spectroscopic method. Some specific physicochemical characteristics, such as temperature, hardness, alkalinity, salinity, TDS, TSS, pH and conductivity which are known to influence the interactions and dynamics of trace metal loads in water bodies were also determined. The result of the analysis indicated significant monthly variation of these parameters for the six months. Monthly summary statistics revealed a few seasonal patterns that echoed the hydrologic regime. During the short dry season in August–September period, all the sampled stream channels had lower levels of Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu Cr, Pb and Fe. Salinity, for instance, correlated strongly (p<0.05) with Cu (0.70); Cr (0.56); Ni (0.72); nitrate (0.61) and Na (0.49). However, the concentrations of most heavy metals were low, while Zn content was higher than the WHO standard for surface water which indicated significant contamination by Zn in the water body.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79785919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Godwin Atayi Samuel, Ethel O. George, I. Suleiman, Opeyemi Eunice Olokoba, Nkechinyere Chinwendu Ogbonna
Background: As a consequence of rapid social change and the resultant breakdown of traditional social structures, illegal use of drugs have spread across the globe without exception of Nigeria. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive design was used. Five Senior Secondary Schools were selected. Using Research advisor (2006) Sampling table, 365 respondents were sampled using stratified random sampling technique out of 3812 students. Standardized questionnaire structured by Afuwai in 2016 was adapted. Data from the pilot study was analyzed using Cronbach’s alpha an reliability indexes of 804 and .813 were obtained. This is to determine the internal consistency of the responses to the items. Statistics were presented in mean and standard deviation and a three point-scale was used. Hypothesis were tested using independent sample t-test at .05 level of significance. Results: The study revealed that students under the influence of drugs can: fight a teacher, sneak out of school and break school regulations, take part in fight where a group of their friends were against another group, damages school properties on purpose, got into problem with the police for something they did. The study showed that students who abuse drugs are often below average student in their respective classes. To buttress this, the null hypothesis which states that there is no significant influence of drug abuse on the academic performance of senior secondary schools student was rejected (p-value of 0.03 is less than 0.05 level of significance). Conclusion: Drugs abuse has an influence on both students’ civic behavior and academic performances.
{"title":"Drugs abuse, civic behaviour and students' academic performance: perspectives of Senior Secondary Schools in Zaria education zone, Kaduna state, Nigeria","authors":"Godwin Atayi Samuel, Ethel O. George, I. Suleiman, Opeyemi Eunice Olokoba, Nkechinyere Chinwendu Ogbonna","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v27i3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v27i3.7","url":null,"abstract":"Background: As a consequence of rapid social change and the resultant breakdown of traditional social structures, illegal use of drugs have spread across the globe without exception of Nigeria. \u0000Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive design was used. Five Senior Secondary Schools were selected. Using Research advisor (2006) Sampling table, 365 respondents were sampled using stratified random sampling technique out of 3812 students. Standardized questionnaire structured by Afuwai in 2016 was adapted. Data from the pilot study was analyzed using Cronbach’s alpha an reliability indexes of 804 and .813 were obtained. This is to determine the internal consistency of the responses to the items. Statistics were presented in mean and standard deviation and a three point-scale was used. Hypothesis were tested using independent sample t-test at .05 level of significance. \u0000Results: The study revealed that students under the influence of drugs can: fight a teacher, sneak out of school and break school regulations, take part in fight where a group of their friends were against another group, damages school properties on purpose, got into problem with the police for something they did. The study showed that students who abuse drugs are often below average student in their respective classes. To buttress this, the null hypothesis which states that there is no significant influence of drug abuse on the academic performance of senior secondary schools student was rejected (p-value of 0.03 is less than 0.05 level of significance). \u0000Conclusion: Drugs abuse has an influence on both students’ civic behavior and academic performances.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86132980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chrysomya chloropyga biology was studied under controlled temperature (15.6, 22.2, 28.8, 32.2, and 36.1 °C) for an incubation period of eight hours. Development and survival of incubated eggs, larval stages I, II and pupae to adult emergence were highest between 22.2 and 28.8 °C and resistant to temperatures below and above that range. Third larva stage showed a difference, with emergence higher at 15.6 than at 22.2 °C. No adult fly emerged at 36.1 °C. The male and female flies of ages 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days were divided into batches (n = 20). Batches of male and female flies was incubated separately for eight hours and further monitored for 72 hours in the laboratory for survival. Adult males and females survived within 15.6 – 28.8 °C than at higher temperatures irrespective of the ages; 36.1 °C had a lethal effect on the flies. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the survival of adult flies at incubation and after 72 hours of exposure. The results suggest that the effect of temperature depends upon the stage of development of Chrysomya chloropyga. Temperature is fundamental in the development of C. chloropyga and should be considered during PMI determination and in the formulation of control strategies.
{"title":"Effect of temperature on the postembryonic stages and adults of the blowfly, chrysomya chloropyga (diptera: calliphoridae)","authors":"A. Ajayi, B. O. Salawu, W. Muse","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v27i3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v27i3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Chrysomya chloropyga biology was studied under controlled temperature (15.6, 22.2, 28.8, 32.2, and 36.1 °C) for an incubation period of eight hours. Development and survival of incubated eggs, larval stages I, II and pupae to adult emergence were highest between 22.2 and 28.8 °C and resistant to temperatures below and above that range. Third larva stage showed a difference, with emergence higher at 15.6 than at 22.2 °C. No adult fly emerged at 36.1 °C. The male and female flies of ages 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days were divided into batches (n = 20). Batches of male and female flies was incubated separately for eight hours and further monitored for 72 hours in the laboratory for survival. Adult males and females survived within 15.6 – 28.8 °C than at higher temperatures irrespective of the ages; 36.1 °C had a lethal effect on the flies. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the survival of adult flies at incubation and after 72 hours of exposure. The results suggest that the effect of temperature depends upon the stage of development of Chrysomya chloropyga. Temperature is fundamental in the development of C. chloropyga and should be considered during PMI determination and in the formulation of control strategies.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83728899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The phytochemical, antimicrobial and antihelminthic screening of the crude extract of three types of Vitellaria paradoxa (shea butter) was investigated in this study. The crude extracts were dissolved in di-methylsulfoxide. The phytochemical constituents of the crude extracts were accessed and compared. Clinical isolates under aseptic conditions were collected from the Medical Microbiology Laboratory, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital and further morphological and biochemical tests were carried out to identify this clinical isolates as; Staphylococcus sp., Escherichia sp., Pseudomonas sp., Klebsiella sp., Streptococcus sp and Candida sp. Inoculums were prepared and adjusted to 0.5ml Mc Farland standard of each test bacterium. It was spread onto sterile Muller Hinton Agar plates so as to achieve even growth. The plates were allowed to dry and a sterile cork borer (6.0mm diameter) was used to bore wells in the agar plates. Ofloxacine and Fluconazole was used as bacteria and fungi control respectively. The crude yellow extracts exhibited inhibitory activities that were found to be higher than crude white and ivory colored extract on all the test organisms. Despite the crude yellow extract exhibited higher inhibitory activities than the other extracts; the antibacterial activity was low in 10-1 to 10-4 dilutions for some bacteria. The crude extracts revealed the presence of Alkaloids, flavonoids, Cardiac glycosides, saponnin, and carbohydrates. Anthraquinnone and phlobatannin were absent in the extracts. This study also revealed that shea butter has no anti-helminth effect after 24hours exposure of the eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichuria in the shea oil sample rather; the DMSO used as control killed the eggs. This calls for further investigation.
对三种乳木果(Vitellaria paradoxa，简称牛油果)的粗提物进行了植物化学、抗菌和杀虫筛选。粗提物用二甲基亚砜溶解。对粗提物的植物化学成分进行了测定和比较。从哈科特港大学教学医院医学微生物学实验室收集无菌条件下的临床分离株，并进行进一步的形态学和生化试验，确定该临床分离株为;制备葡萄球菌、埃希氏菌、假单胞菌、克雷伯氏菌、链球菌和念珠菌接种剂，调整至每种受试菌的0.5ml Mc Farland标准。将其铺在无菌的Muller Hinton琼脂板上，以达到均匀生长。皿干燥后，用直径6.0mm的无菌软木钻孔机在琼脂皿中钻孔。以氧氟沙辛和氟康唑分别作为细菌和真菌的对照剂。黄色粗提物对所有试验生物的抑制活性均高于白色粗提物和象牙色粗提物。黄粗提物的抑菌活性高于其他提取物;10-1 ~ 10-4稀释对部分细菌抑菌活性较低。粗提物中含有生物碱、类黄酮、心苷、皂苷和碳水化合物。提取物中不含蒽醌醌和酞菁素。本研究还发现乳木果油样品中蛔虫卵和毛线虫卵暴露24小时后，乳木果油并没有驱虫作用;作为对照的二甲基亚砜杀死了鸡蛋。这需要进一步调查。
{"title":"Antimicrobial and antihelminthic properties of shea butter (Vitellaria paradoxa)","authors":"C. Nwankwo, Bamidele T. Daodu","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v27i3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v27i3.1","url":null,"abstract":"The phytochemical, antimicrobial and antihelminthic screening of the crude extract of three types of Vitellaria paradoxa (shea butter) was investigated in this study. The crude extracts were dissolved in di-methylsulfoxide. The phytochemical constituents of the crude extracts were accessed and compared. Clinical isolates under aseptic conditions were collected from the Medical Microbiology Laboratory, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital and further morphological and biochemical tests were carried out to identify this clinical isolates as; Staphylococcus sp., Escherichia sp., Pseudomonas sp., Klebsiella sp., Streptococcus sp and Candida sp. Inoculums were prepared and adjusted to 0.5ml Mc Farland standard of each test bacterium. It was spread onto sterile Muller Hinton Agar plates so as to achieve even growth. The plates were allowed to dry and a sterile cork borer (6.0mm diameter) was used to bore wells in the agar plates. Ofloxacine and Fluconazole was used as bacteria and fungi control respectively. The crude yellow extracts exhibited inhibitory activities that were found to be higher than crude white and ivory colored extract on all the test organisms. Despite the crude yellow extract exhibited higher inhibitory activities than the other extracts; the antibacterial activity was low in 10-1 to 10-4 dilutions for some bacteria. The crude extracts revealed the presence of Alkaloids, flavonoids, Cardiac glycosides, saponnin, and carbohydrates. Anthraquinnone and phlobatannin were absent in the extracts. This study also revealed that shea butter has no anti-helminth effect after 24hours exposure of the eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichuria in the shea oil sample rather; the DMSO used as control killed the eggs. This calls for further investigation.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79274905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Udosen, O. Udoidiong, A. S. Etok, M. U. Okoroji
The drainage basin analysis is important in any hydrological investigation such as study of hydrologic processes, management of wetlands, flood, erosion and landslides susceptibility studies, assessment of groundwater potential and groundwater management. Also, existing theories and models such as the laws of drainage composition can be verified. In the light of the foregoing, the present paper describes the drainage characteristics of the lower Enyong Creek, which is underlain by varying geologic formations. viz; Asu River Formations e.g the Abakiliki Anticlinorium to the recent alluvium in the south It involved detailed map-based quantitative analyses of two 4th order sub-catchments in the study area. The drainage pattern is mainly dendritic type. It is observed that the drainage density value is low which indicates the basin is highly permeable subsoil and thick vegetative cover. The elongation ratio value reveals that the basin is strongly elongated and stream abstraction process constrained by heterogeneous geologic materials. This study would help the local people to utilize the resources for sustainable development of the basin area.
{"title":"Morphometric analysis of lower Enyong creek basin in South Eastern Nigeria; its implications for applied studies","authors":"C. Udosen, O. Udoidiong, A. S. Etok, M. U. Okoroji","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v27i3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v27i3.6","url":null,"abstract":"The drainage basin analysis is important in any hydrological investigation such as study of hydrologic processes, management of wetlands, flood, erosion and landslides susceptibility studies, assessment of groundwater potential and groundwater management. Also, existing theories and models such as the laws of drainage composition can be verified. In the light of the foregoing, the present paper describes the drainage characteristics of the lower Enyong Creek, which is underlain by varying geologic formations. viz; Asu River Formations e.g the Abakiliki Anticlinorium to the recent alluvium in the south It involved detailed map-based quantitative analyses of two 4th order sub-catchments in the study area. The drainage pattern is mainly dendritic type. It is observed that the drainage density value is low which indicates the basin is highly permeable subsoil and thick vegetative cover. The elongation ratio value reveals that the basin is strongly elongated and stream abstraction process constrained by heterogeneous geologic materials. This study would help the local people to utilize the resources for sustainable development of the basin area.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"56 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74927833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multivariate statistics was used to analyse the physico-chemical properties of soil in the selected locations of the floodplain of River Kaduna in Niger State, Nigeria. Samples were collected in March and September of the same year and the levels of some important soil quality parameters analysed. The data was subjected to basic statistics, cluster analysis (CA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Correlation Analysis, and Discriminant Analysis (DA). Descriptive statistics shows that, with the exception of silt and clay other parameters analysed decreased in value after flooding, while the predominant textual class of the soil is clay-loam. The PCA for March and September sampling periods extracted three components each which explained 84.10% and 78.90% respectively of the total variance. Cluster analysis yielded five distinct clusters for March: cluster 1 (K, Ca, EA, and pH); cluster 2 (OM, CEC, TN, Silt content, Clay content, and OC); cluster 3 (Na); cluster 4 (P), and cluster 5 (Mg and Sand content); and five separate clusters for September. From DA, seven variables (pH, OC, OM, TN, P, K and Mg) were the most significant parameters which accounted for the expected spatial/temporal variations in the soil of March, while CEC, Na, Ca, silt, sand and clay become an important discriminator in September. Flood has significant influence on the soil of the study area as level and distribution of the parameters changed from March to September.
{"title":"Multivariate analysis of the physico-chemical properties of soils in selected locations of the floodplain of river Kaduna in Niger state, Nigeria","authors":"C. C. Onoyima, F. Okibe","doi":"10.4314/gjpas.v27i3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v27i3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Multivariate statistics was used to analyse the physico-chemical properties of soil in the selected locations of the floodplain of River Kaduna in Niger State, Nigeria. Samples were collected in March and September of the same year and the levels of some important soil quality parameters analysed. The data was subjected to basic statistics, cluster analysis (CA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Correlation Analysis, and Discriminant Analysis (DA). Descriptive statistics shows that, with the exception of silt and clay other parameters analysed decreased in value after flooding, while the predominant textual class of the soil is clay-loam. The PCA for March and September sampling periods extracted three components each which explained 84.10% and 78.90% respectively of the total variance. Cluster analysis yielded five distinct clusters for March: cluster 1 (K, Ca, EA, and pH); cluster 2 (OM, CEC, TN, Silt content, Clay content, and OC); cluster 3 (Na); cluster 4 (P), and cluster 5 (Mg and Sand content); and five separate clusters for September. From DA, seven variables (pH, OC, OM, TN, P, K and Mg) were the most significant parameters which accounted for the expected spatial/temporal variations in the soil of March, while CEC, Na, Ca, silt, sand and clay become an important discriminator in September. Flood has significant influence on the soil of the study area as level and distribution of the parameters changed from March to September.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88574665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-23DOI: 10.51984/jopas.v20i2.1236
على عمر المثنانى, على ليسيود, الوليد الزروق الشريف, جمال العكشى
فى هده الورقه ,مستعيد الجهد الديناميكى(DVR) يستطيع تعويض الجهد الفاقد ويقلل التشوه الكلى للتوافقيات باستخدام مرشح القدره الفعال اثناء هبوط الفولتيه. خوارزميه التحكم المقترحه تستخدم متجهين (αβ ) مع متتبع الطور الحلقى المغلق (PLL) والتزامن المرجعى (dq) للتحسين ادا مستعيد الجهد الدينامبكى . ثم استخلاص المكونات الاساسيه للتيار والجهد المقاس باستخدام عاكس به 48 مفتاح وصل بالتوازى لتحسين استجابه الزمن والنبظا ت .طريقه التحكم المقترح اختبرت على 11كيلوفولت فى نظام التوزيع . نتائج المحاكاه ثم الحصول عليها باستخدام PSCAD/EMTD لتاكيد ثاتبر خوارزميه التحكم المقترحه. المتحكم المقترح مع المرشح الفعال يستطيع تقليل التشوه الكلى للتوافقبات من% 5 الى % 0.01 خلال استجابه 1.5 ملى ثانيه للهبوط المفاجى.
{"title":"التحكم وتعديل متجهين باستخدام βα ل48 نبظه فى مستعيد الجهد الديناميكى لتقليل التشوه الكلى للتوافقيات باستخدام المرشح الفعال","authors":"على عمر المثنانى, على ليسيود, الوليد الزروق الشريف, جمال العكشى","doi":"10.51984/jopas.v20i2.1236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51984/jopas.v20i2.1236","url":null,"abstract":"فى هده الورقه ,مستعيد الجهد الديناميكى(DVR) يستطيع تعويض الجهد الفاقد ويقلل التشوه الكلى للتوافقيات باستخدام مرشح القدره الفعال اثناء هبوط الفولتيه. خوارزميه التحكم المقترحه تستخدم متجهين (αβ ) مع متتبع الطور الحلقى المغلق (PLL) والتزامن المرجعى (dq) للتحسين ادا مستعيد الجهد الدينامبكى . ثم استخلاص المكونات الاساسيه للتيار والجهد المقاس باستخدام عاكس به 48 مفتاح وصل بالتوازى لتحسين استجابه الزمن والنبظا ت .طريقه التحكم المقترح اختبرت على 11كيلوفولت فى نظام التوزيع . نتائج المحاكاه ثم الحصول عليها باستخدام PSCAD/EMTD لتاكيد ثاتبر خوارزميه التحكم المقترحه. المتحكم المقترح مع المرشح الفعال يستطيع تقليل التشوه الكلى للتوافقبات من% 5 الى % 0.01 خلال استجابه 1.5 ملى ثانيه للهبوط المفاجى.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75120523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-19DOI: 10.51984/jopas.v20i2.1351
Ragab Ihnissi, Alhadi A. Klaib
Abstract: In Libya, there are a various barrier to developing e-commerce, and the COVID-19 pandemic has emphasised the importance of overcoming these hurdles in the shortest possible timeframe. This paper stems from a review of the studies which have focussed on the obstacles which preclude Libya reaping the benefits of e-commerce, at a time when many businesses are moving online, as a result of the lockdown introduced in response to COVID-19. This study has discussed and inspected the problems facing Libyan e-commerce. As a result of these problems, e-commerce has not taken hold in Libya or brought the country its considerable economic advantages. This paper suggests a range of recommendations which will contribute to adopt e-commerce in Libya and advance its popularity, among individuals, organisations and the government institutions, so that Libyan society can begin, and continue, to benefit from e-commerce.
{"title":"Barriers Preventing to Reap the Benefits of E-commerce in Libya Prior and During COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Ragab Ihnissi, Alhadi A. Klaib","doi":"10.51984/jopas.v20i2.1351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51984/jopas.v20i2.1351","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: In Libya, there are a various barrier to developing e-commerce, and the COVID-19 pandemic has emphasised the importance of overcoming these hurdles in the shortest possible timeframe. This paper stems from a review of the studies which have focussed on the obstacles which preclude Libya reaping the benefits of e-commerce, at a time when many businesses are moving online, as a result of the lockdown introduced in response to COVID-19. This study has discussed and inspected the problems facing Libyan e-commerce. As a result of these problems, e-commerce has not taken hold in Libya or brought the country its considerable economic advantages. This paper suggests a range of recommendations which will contribute to adopt e-commerce in Libya and advance its popularity, among individuals, organisations and the government institutions, so that Libyan society can begin, and continue, to benefit from e-commerce.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78988287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-19DOI: 10.51984/jopas.v20i2.1329
M. Omar, Abdulrhman Alsheky, Balha Faiz
Extracting entities from natural language text to design conceptual models of the entity relationships is not trivial and novice designers and students can find it especially difficult. Researchers have suggested linguistic rules/guidelines for extracting entities from natural language text. Unfortunately, while these guidelines are often correct they can, also, be invalid. There is no rule that is true at all times. This paper suggests novel rules based on the machine learning classifiers, the RIPPER, the PART and the decision trees. Performance comparison was made between the linguistic and the machine learning rules. The results shows that there was a dramatic improvement when machine learning rules were used.
{"title":"Novel rules for extracting the entities of entity relationship models","authors":"M. Omar, Abdulrhman Alsheky, Balha Faiz","doi":"10.51984/jopas.v20i2.1329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51984/jopas.v20i2.1329","url":null,"abstract":"Extracting entities from natural language text to design conceptual models of the entity relationships is not trivial and novice designers and students can find it especially difficult. Researchers have suggested linguistic rules/guidelines for extracting entities from natural language text. Unfortunately, while these guidelines are often correct they can, also, be invalid. There is no rule that is true at all times. This paper suggests novel rules based on the machine learning classifiers, the RIPPER, the PART and the decision trees. Performance comparison was made between the linguistic and the machine learning rules. The results shows that there was a dramatic improvement when machine learning rules were used.","PeriodicalId":12516,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81618621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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