Peng Yuan, Kyriakos Balidakis, Jungang Wang, Pengfei Xia, Jian Wang, Mingyuan Zhang, Weiping Jiang, Harald Schuh, Jens Wickert, Zhiguo Deng
Kinematic airborne platforms are becoming increasingly vital for Earth observation. They highlight the critical need for accurate tropospheric delay corrections across varying altitudes, especially as most existing models are limited to Earth's surface. Although analytical functions have been used to model vertical reductions in tropospheric delays, they struggle to capture the intricate vertical variations of atmospheric state. In response, we introduce a novel approach that utilizes deep neural networks (DNN) to reconstruct global three-dimensional zenith hydrostatic delay (ZHD) and zenith wet delays (ZWD) derived from numerical weather models (NWM). Our method reconstructs NWM-derived ZHD and ZWD globally up to 14 km above the Earth's surface, with average precision levels of 0.4 and 0.8 mm, respectively. Compared to the analytical third-order exponential model, the DNN approach demonstrates substantial improvement with global average root-mean-square reductions of 63% for ZHD and 36% for ZWD.
{"title":"Deep Neural Networks for Refining Vertical Modeling of Global Tropospheric Delay","authors":"Peng Yuan, Kyriakos Balidakis, Jungang Wang, Pengfei Xia, Jian Wang, Mingyuan Zhang, Weiping Jiang, Harald Schuh, Jens Wickert, Zhiguo Deng","doi":"10.1029/2024gl111404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl111404","url":null,"abstract":"Kinematic airborne platforms are becoming increasingly vital for Earth observation. They highlight the critical need for accurate tropospheric delay corrections across varying altitudes, especially as most existing models are limited to Earth's surface. Although analytical functions have been used to model vertical reductions in tropospheric delays, they struggle to capture the intricate vertical variations of atmospheric state. In response, we introduce a novel approach that utilizes deep neural networks (DNN) to reconstruct global three-dimensional zenith hydrostatic delay (ZHD) and zenith wet delays (ZWD) derived from numerical weather models (NWM). Our method reconstructs NWM-derived ZHD and ZWD globally up to 14 km above the Earth's surface, with average precision levels of 0.4 and 0.8 mm, respectively. Compared to the analytical third-order exponential model, the DNN approach demonstrates substantial improvement with global average root-mean-square reductions of 63% for ZHD and 36% for ZWD.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruiwen Wang, Hao Wang, Chunlin Zhang, Daocheng Gong, Fangyuan Ma, Congrong He, Duohong Chen, Jin Shen, Yan Zhou, Zoran Ristovski, Shaw Chen Liu, Boguang Wang
A local tropical cyclone (TC) in South China Sea was observed making its first complete landfall on an island. Following the arrival of the TC eye, PM2.5 concentration rose from 4 µg/m³ to 44 µg/m³. Mass reconstruction results reveal that sea salt emerged as the primary source. The similar molar ratios of elements before and after landfall confirm that the source of PM2.5 is associated with the local terrigenous sediment. The ratio of Na+/Cl− in the TC eyewall is approximately 5:1 indicating the existence of chlorine depletion. Meanwhile, the concentration of Cl− and molar ratios like Si/Fe inside the TC eyewall show a rapid increase, and reach a peak in the TC eye, indicating that marine particulate matter invades and presents a treasure-bowl-like stepwise aggregation. Our findings provide statistical and theoretical foundations for understanding extreme air pollution events, offering direct evidence of sea-land transport throughout the entire TC.
{"title":"Treasure Bowl: PM2.5 Aggregation in the Eye of a Tropical Cyclone","authors":"Ruiwen Wang, Hao Wang, Chunlin Zhang, Daocheng Gong, Fangyuan Ma, Congrong He, Duohong Chen, Jin Shen, Yan Zhou, Zoran Ristovski, Shaw Chen Liu, Boguang Wang","doi":"10.1029/2024gl110696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl110696","url":null,"abstract":"A local tropical cyclone (TC) in South China Sea was observed making its first complete landfall on an island. Following the arrival of the TC eye, PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration rose from 4 µg/m³ to 44 µg/m³. Mass reconstruction results reveal that sea salt emerged as the primary source. The similar molar ratios of elements before and after landfall confirm that the source of PM<sub>2.5</sub> is associated with the local terrigenous sediment. The ratio of Na<sup>+</sup>/Cl<sup>−</sup> in the TC eyewall is approximately 5:1 indicating the existence of chlorine depletion. Meanwhile, the concentration of Cl<sup>−</sup> and molar ratios like Si/Fe inside the TC eyewall show a rapid increase, and reach a peak in the TC eye, indicating that marine particulate matter invades and presents a treasure-bowl-like stepwise aggregation. Our findings provide statistical and theoretical foundations for understanding extreme air pollution events, offering direct evidence of sea-land transport throughout the entire TC.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Panditha V. S. L. Gunawardana, Nolan J. T. Pearce, Jay A. Austin, Thomas Hollenhorst, Joel C. Hoffman, Marguerite A. Xenopoulos
Understanding carbon (C) dynamics in large lake ecosystems poses challenges due to their size, causing uncertainty in their contribution to the global C cycle. Here, we used autonomous underwater vehicles to calculate upper mixed-column (UMC) metabolism in Lake Superior. We paired 7 years of high-resolution dissolved oxygen and temperature data from 17 glider missions with in situ meteorological data to calculate daily gross primary production, ecosystem respiration, and net ecosystem metabolism. We found the UMC of Lake Superior to be net heterotrophic (primary production < ecosystem respiration) most of the time, suggesting its role as a net source of CO2 to the atmosphere. Heterotrophy was pronounced during cold and transitional days (<14°C) and in nearshore regions (<10 km distance from the shore). When scaled, our results indicate that Lake Superior released 84–112 Tg CO2 y−1, which is twice the rate of C it fixes from the UMC itself.
{"title":"The Metabolic Balance of Lake Superior's Mixed Layer","authors":"Panditha V. S. L. Gunawardana, Nolan J. T. Pearce, Jay A. Austin, Thomas Hollenhorst, Joel C. Hoffman, Marguerite A. Xenopoulos","doi":"10.1029/2024gl110601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl110601","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding carbon (C) dynamics in large lake ecosystems poses challenges due to their size, causing uncertainty in their contribution to the global C cycle. Here, we used autonomous underwater vehicles to calculate upper mixed-column (UMC) metabolism in Lake Superior. We paired 7 years of high-resolution dissolved oxygen and temperature data from 17 glider missions with in situ meteorological data to calculate daily gross primary production, ecosystem respiration, and net ecosystem metabolism. We found the UMC of Lake Superior to be net heterotrophic (primary production < ecosystem respiration) most of the time, suggesting its role as a net source of CO<sub>2</sub> to the atmosphere. Heterotrophy was pronounced during cold and transitional days (<14°C) and in nearshore regions (<10 km distance from the shore). When scaled, our results indicate that Lake Superior released 84–112 Tg CO<sub>2</sub> y<sup>−1</sup>, which is twice the rate of C it fixes from the UMC itself.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The storm-time temperature difference with respect to its quiet-time expectation (ΔT) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere were studied during the extreme storms on 2024 Mother's Day and 2003 Halloween Day. The storm-time ΔT were determined by performing daily zonal running mean on the temperature profiles in the ascending and descending nodes separately. The storm-time ΔT had peak values of ≥25 K and extended downward to ∼100 km globally. Above 105 km, the global mean ΔT had values of ≥20 K in the early morning and of ≥15 K in the late afternoon during storm-time. At high latitudes, the storm-time ΔT was larger in the late afternoon than in the early morning. This is opposite to that at middle and low latitudes. Adiabatic warming/cooling caused by the heating-induced circulation changes outside of the auroral oval is likely responsible for the local time and latitude dependence of the storm-time ΔT.
{"title":"Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Temperature Responses to the May 2024 Mother's Day Storm","authors":"Xiao Liu, Jiyao Xu, Jia Yue, Wenbin Wang, Juliano Moro","doi":"10.1029/2024gl112179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112179","url":null,"abstract":"The storm-time temperature difference with respect to its quiet-time expectation (ΔT) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere were studied during the extreme storms on 2024 Mother's Day and 2003 Halloween Day. The storm-time ΔT were determined by performing daily zonal running mean on the temperature profiles in the ascending and descending nodes separately. The storm-time ΔT had peak values of ≥25 K and extended downward to ∼100 km globally. Above 105 km, the global mean ΔT had values of ≥20 K in the early morning and of ≥15 K in the late afternoon during storm-time. At high latitudes, the storm-time ΔT was larger in the late afternoon than in the early morning. This is opposite to that at middle and low latitudes. Adiabatic warming/cooling caused by the heating-induced circulation changes outside of the auroral oval is likely responsible for the local time and latitude dependence of the storm-time ΔT.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexandre Kling, R. John Wilson, Melinda Kahre, Amanda Brecht, James Murphy
We have executed a series of simulations with the NASA Ames Mars Global Climate Model by systematically increasing horizontal and vertical resolution with the goal of resolving small-scale waves that significantly affect the mean thermal and momentum structure of the atmosphere. Our reference high-resolution simulation is 1/4° horizontal resolution and ∼1.5 km vertical resolution, and we compare results to a low-resolution simulation that is ∼4° in the horizontal and ∼4 km in the vertical. We show that the main biases in the zonal mean temperature and momentum fields between the low- and high-resolution simulations can be alleviated by including parameterized orographic and non-orographic gravity waves at low resolution.
{"title":"Impact of Grid Resolution on Wave-Mean Flow Interactions With High Resolution Mars Global Climate Model Simulations","authors":"Alexandre Kling, R. John Wilson, Melinda Kahre, Amanda Brecht, James Murphy","doi":"10.1029/2024gl112297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112297","url":null,"abstract":"We have executed a series of simulations with the NASA Ames Mars Global Climate Model by systematically increasing horizontal and vertical resolution with the goal of resolving small-scale waves that significantly affect the mean thermal and momentum structure of the atmosphere. Our reference high-resolution simulation is 1/4° horizontal resolution and ∼1.5 km vertical resolution, and we compare results to a low-resolution simulation that is ∼4° in the horizontal and ∼4 km in the vertical. We show that the main biases in the zonal mean temperature and momentum fields between the low- and high-resolution simulations can be alleviated by including parameterized orographic and non-orographic gravity waves at low resolution.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diptiranjan Rout, A. Kumar, R. Singh, S. Patra, D. K. Karan, S. Chakraborty, D. Scipion, D. Chakrabarty, Juanita Riccobono
This study uses multiple ground and satellite-based measurements to investigate the extreme ionospheric response to the Mother's Day storm on May 10–11, 2024. Prompt penetration electric field caused a significant enhancement in the ionospheric vertical drift ( 95 m/s) and the equatorial electrojet strength ( 275 nT) over Jicamarca. These extreme eastward electric field perturbations, along with the large meridional wind, significantly altered the F-region plasma fountain at different local times. The afternoon equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) not only sustained for an exceptionally long duration ( 12 hr) but also expanded spatially over time. The separation between the two peaks of EIA crests exceeded and in the morning and evening sectors, respectively. This study shows, for the first time, that unusually strong EIA can not only develop at different local times but can also sustain for long duration under favorable conditions, which has implications for space weather applications.
{"title":"Evidence of Unusually Strong Equatorial Ionization Anomaly at Three Local Time Sectors During the Mother's Day Geomagnetic Storm On 10–11 May 2024","authors":"Diptiranjan Rout, A. Kumar, R. Singh, S. Patra, D. K. Karan, S. Chakraborty, D. Scipion, D. Chakrabarty, Juanita Riccobono","doi":"10.1029/2024gl111269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl111269","url":null,"abstract":"This study uses multiple ground and satellite-based measurements to investigate the extreme ionospheric response to the Mother's Day storm on May 10–11, 2024. Prompt penetration electric field caused a significant enhancement in the ionospheric vertical drift (<span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/a66453a9-6504-419d-9ada-d2f50a89ef40/grl68695-math-0001.png\"></span><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl68695:grl68695-math-0001\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/grl68695-math-0001.png\">\u0000<semantics>\u0000<mrow>\u0000<mo>∼</mo>\u0000</mrow>\u0000${sim} $</annotation>\u0000</semantics></math> 95 m/s) and the equatorial electrojet strength (<span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/8ceedc03-0977-4bb9-ac65-880c5b97fbbf/grl68695-math-0002.png\"></span><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl68695:grl68695-math-0002\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/grl68695-math-0002.png\">\u0000<semantics>\u0000<mrow>\u0000<mo>∼</mo>\u0000</mrow>\u0000${sim} $</annotation>\u0000</semantics></math> 275 nT) over Jicamarca. These extreme eastward electric field perturbations, along with the large meridional wind, significantly altered the F-region plasma fountain at different local times. The afternoon equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) not only sustained for an exceptionally long duration (<span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/939394fb-dacc-4415-aa54-ac703cb6ecb8/grl68695-math-0003.png\"></span><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl68695:grl68695-math-0003\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/grl68695-math-0003.png\">\u0000<semantics>\u0000<mrow>\u0000<mo>∼</mo>\u0000</mrow>\u0000${sim} $</annotation>\u0000</semantics></math> 12 hr) but also expanded spatially over time. The separation between the two peaks of EIA crests exceeded <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/c8834e13-f373-48d6-84ac-6c9a3180d0f7/grl68695-math-0004.png\"></span><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl68695:grl68695-math-0004\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/grl68695-math-0004.png\">\u0000<semantics>\u0000<mrow>\u0000<mo>∼</mo>\u0000<mn>48</mn>\u0000<mo>°</mo>\u0000</mrow>\u0000${sim} 48{}^{circ}$</annotation>\u0000</semantics></math> and <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/66ededf2-1a82-43c5-b096-7dc0dfba3460/grl68695-math-0005.png\"></span><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl68695:grl68695-math-0005\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/grl68695-math-0005.png\">\u0000<semantics>\u0000<mrow>\u0000<mo>∼</mo>\u0000<mn>70</mn>\u0000<mo>°</mo>\u0000</mrow>\u0000${sim} 70{}^{circ}$</annotation>\u0000</semantics></math> in the morning and evening sectors, respectively. This study shows, for the first time, that unusually strong EIA can not only develop at different local times but can also sustain for long duration under favorable conditions, which has implications for space weather applications.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alana S. Cordak, Gabriel J. Kooperman, Claire M. Zarakas, Abigail L. S. Swann, Charles D. Koven
Rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations enhance greenhouse warming and drive changes to plant physiology, leading to innumerable climate impacts. This study explores the impacts of plant responses on hydrological cycling at 2x preindustrial CO2 concentrations by analyzing simulations that isolate plant physiological effects using the Community Earth System Model versions 1 and 2. We find that leaf area growth increases canopy evaporation, which offsets transpiration declines, and dampens changes in global mean evapotranspiration, precipitation, and runoff in a CESM2 experiment with dynamic leaf area. These leaf area impacts are also evident in the differences between CESM1 and CESM2, with CESM2 better capturing observed leaf area magnitudes but potentially overestimating leaf area-CO2 sensitivity, highlighting the importance of plant CO2 physiology on hydrological cycle changes and the need to improve its representation in climate models.
{"title":"The Role of Leaf Area Changes Within Plant CO2 Physiological Impacts on the Global Hydrological Cycle","authors":"Alana S. Cordak, Gabriel J. Kooperman, Claire M. Zarakas, Abigail L. S. Swann, Charles D. Koven","doi":"10.1029/2024gl110904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl110904","url":null,"abstract":"Rising atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations enhance greenhouse warming and drive changes to plant physiology, leading to innumerable climate impacts. This study explores the impacts of plant responses on hydrological cycling at 2x preindustrial CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations by analyzing simulations that isolate plant physiological effects using the Community Earth System Model versions 1 and 2. We find that leaf area growth increases canopy evaporation, which offsets transpiration declines, and dampens changes in global mean evapotranspiration, precipitation, and runoff in a CESM2 experiment with dynamic leaf area. These leaf area impacts are also evident in the differences between CESM1 and CESM2, with CESM2 better capturing observed leaf area magnitudes but potentially overestimating leaf area-CO<sub>2</sub> sensitivity, highlighting the importance of plant CO<sub>2</sub> physiology on hydrological cycle changes and the need to improve its representation in climate models.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiang Fang, Huaichun Wu, Jiubin Chen, Stephen E. Grasby, Wang Zheng, Shu-zhong Shen, Wentao Huang, Junjie Xu, Shihong Zhang
The Early Permian witnessed the first icehouse-to-greenhouse turnover of the vegetated Earth, yet its climate dynamics remain enigmatic. Here, we used mercury (Hg) isotopes from pelagic and continental successions at low paleo-latitudes to track the perturbations of the global carbon (C) cycle and the climatic impact. Our results indicate that small-scale volcanism promoted marine organic C burial, and the concomitant extreme cooling triggered the waning of wetland ecosystems in North China block at ∼296.2 Ma. Subsequently, the mass-independent fractionation of odd Hg isotopes (Δ199Hg) and C isotopes synchronously decline in the deep-marine succession, likely supporting progressive oxidation of terrestrial biomass and airborne release of Hg and C. Lowered C sequestration (as coal swamps) on land and dampened continental weathering limited the drawdown of CO2 emissions from wildfires, initiating deglaciation. Our findings highlight that the climate forcing on terrestrial ecosystems could activate additional C reservoirs, driving Earth into a warmer state.
{"title":"Mercury Isotopes Track the Causes of Carbon Perturbations in the Early Permian Ocean and Continent","authors":"Qiang Fang, Huaichun Wu, Jiubin Chen, Stephen E. Grasby, Wang Zheng, Shu-zhong Shen, Wentao Huang, Junjie Xu, Shihong Zhang","doi":"10.1029/2024gl113112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl113112","url":null,"abstract":"The Early Permian witnessed the first icehouse-to-greenhouse turnover of the vegetated Earth, yet its climate dynamics remain enigmatic. Here, we used mercury (Hg) isotopes from pelagic and continental successions at low paleo-latitudes to track the perturbations of the global carbon (C) cycle and the climatic impact. Our results indicate that small-scale volcanism promoted marine organic C burial, and the concomitant extreme cooling triggered the waning of wetland ecosystems in North China block at ∼296.2 Ma. Subsequently, the mass-independent fractionation of odd Hg isotopes (Δ<sup>199</sup>Hg) and C isotopes synchronously decline in the deep-marine succession, likely supporting progressive oxidation of terrestrial biomass and airborne release of Hg and C. Lowered C sequestration (as coal swamps) on land and dampened continental weathering limited the drawdown of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from wildfires, initiating deglaciation. Our findings highlight that the climate forcing on terrestrial ecosystems could activate additional C reservoirs, driving Earth into a warmer state.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu Zhang, Xiaofei Ma, Geping Luo, Mingjuan Xie, Ruixiang Gao, Shiyuan Wang, Rafiq Hamdi, Piet Termonia, Philippe De Maeyer
Over the past two decades, China has experienced frequent extreme events and substantial land cover changes. Site-scale assessments of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) are constrained by the fixed land cover types at eddy covariance towers and short observation periods at existing sites. Using the Eurasian Meteorological Stations Net Ecosystem Exchange product (EAM-NEE), this study evaluated China's carbon exchange dynamics from 2003 to 2018. Results show that southwestern forests exhibit the highest annual carbon sink capacity, while the establishment of national forest parks has contributed positively to enhancing the carbon sink capacity of northern forests. Substantial uncertainties in NEE evaluation were observed, largely due to variations in scales and thresholds. Our findings highlight the importance of site-scale assessments in evaluating the carbon sink capacity and informing targeted strategies for China's dual-carbon goals. Despite limitations in regional representation, the EAM-NEE product provides valuable insights for localized assessments.
{"title":"Fine-Scale Evaluation of Carbon Exchange Capacity in Terrestrial Ecosystems of China: Leveraging Flux Data From Meteorological Stations for Enhanced Database Representation","authors":"Yu Zhang, Xiaofei Ma, Geping Luo, Mingjuan Xie, Ruixiang Gao, Shiyuan Wang, Rafiq Hamdi, Piet Termonia, Philippe De Maeyer","doi":"10.1029/2024gl113422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl113422","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past two decades, China has experienced frequent extreme events and substantial land cover changes. Site-scale assessments of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) are constrained by the fixed land cover types at eddy covariance towers and short observation periods at existing sites. Using the Eurasian Meteorological Stations Net Ecosystem Exchange product (EAM-NEE), this study evaluated China's carbon exchange dynamics from 2003 to 2018. Results show that southwestern forests exhibit the highest annual carbon sink capacity, while the establishment of national forest parks has contributed positively to enhancing the carbon sink capacity of northern forests. Substantial uncertainties in NEE evaluation were observed, largely due to variations in scales and thresholds. Our findings highlight the importance of site-scale assessments in evaluating the carbon sink capacity and informing targeted strategies for China's dual-carbon goals. Despite limitations in regional representation, the EAM-NEE product provides valuable insights for localized assessments.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"188 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiang Zhang, Andrew P. Roberts, Zhengquan Yao, Xuefa Shi, Qingzhen Hao, Lixia Ju, Xu Tang, Jianxing Liu, Shuangchi Liu, Qingsong Liu
Northwest Pacific sedimentary eolian dust flux records have long been used to make direct inferences about Asian interior aridity. However, factors other than aridity can impact dust production rate. We present here an integrated environmental magnetic, electron microscopic, sedimentologic, and geochemical investigation of eolian dust records from Northwest Pacific Ocean Drilling Program Hole 1207A between 1.0 and 1.5 Ma. Reconstructed fluxes of bulk eolian dust and illite, the predominant clay mineral (>72% proportion), are both higher and lower during glacials and interglacials, respectively. Lower illite chemical index values reflect stronger physical weathering during glacials. We attribute eolian flux peaks to increased availability of wind-erodible particles caused by enhanced physical weathering in dust source areas due to strengthened Asian interior glacial activity in response to glacial cooling. This evidence demonstrates that Northwest Pacific eolian flux does not only reflect persistent Asian interior aridity on orbital timescales.
{"title":"Does Eolian Flux to the Northwest Pacific Ocean Reflect Persistent Asian Interior Aridity on Orbital Timescales?","authors":"Qiang Zhang, Andrew P. Roberts, Zhengquan Yao, Xuefa Shi, Qingzhen Hao, Lixia Ju, Xu Tang, Jianxing Liu, Shuangchi Liu, Qingsong Liu","doi":"10.1029/2024gl112599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112599","url":null,"abstract":"Northwest Pacific sedimentary eolian dust flux records have long been used to make direct inferences about Asian interior aridity. However, factors other than aridity can impact dust production rate. We present here an integrated environmental magnetic, electron microscopic, sedimentologic, and geochemical investigation of eolian dust records from Northwest Pacific Ocean Drilling Program Hole 1207A between 1.0 and 1.5 Ma. Reconstructed fluxes of bulk eolian dust and illite, the predominant clay mineral (>72% proportion), are both higher and lower during glacials and interglacials, respectively. Lower illite chemical index values reflect stronger physical weathering during glacials. We attribute eolian flux peaks to increased availability of wind-erodible particles caused by enhanced physical weathering in dust source areas due to strengthened Asian interior glacial activity in response to glacial cooling. This evidence demonstrates that Northwest Pacific eolian flux does not only reflect persistent Asian interior aridity on orbital timescales.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143026608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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