Geophysical Research Letters最新文献

英文中文

Preferred Time Scales of Pacific Decadal Variability During the Last Millennium Related to Volcanic Activity 与火山活动有关的上一千年太平洋年代际变化的首选时间尺度

IF 5.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Geophysical Research Letters

Pub Date : 2026-02-17 DOI: 10.1029/2025gl118881

Yanmin Qin, Zhengyu Liu, Liang Ning, Jian Liu, Longhui Li, Yuntao Bao, Wenqing Hu, Peng Gu, Mi Yan, Weiyi Sun, Kefan Chen, Qin Wen

Pacific Decadal Variability (PDV) plays a significant role in modulating the global climate change on decadal time scale. Although various reconstructions of the PDV have been developed for the last millennium, preferred time scales of the PDV and mechanisms behind them remain unresolved. Here, we combine a δ¹⁸O-based PDV index derived through paleoclimate data assimilation (PDA) framework, with existing PDV reconstructions and climate models to identify the preferred time scales of the PDV. We show that the PDV in the last millennium is dominated by two modes of preferred time scales: multi-decadal mode (50–70-yr) and bi-decadal mode (20–40-yr). The former is prevalent during quiescent volcanic period; however, the latter is more common during periods with intensive volcanic activities. Our finding likely establishes an important role of volcanic activity in shaping the temporal structure of PDV during the last millennium, and highlights its potential contribution on decadal time scale.

太平洋年代际变率（PDV）在年代际尺度上对全球气候变化具有重要的调节作用。尽管在过去的一千年里，人们对PDV进行了各种重建，但PDV的首选时间尺度及其背后的机制仍未得到解决。本文将古气候资料同化（PDA）框架下基于δ18的PDV指数与现有的PDV重建和气候模式相结合，确定了PDV的首选时间尺度。结果表明，近千年的PDV主要由两种优先时间尺度模态主导：多年代际模态（50 - 70年）和双年代际模态（20 - 40年）。前者普遍存在于火山静止期；然而，后者在火山活动密集的时期更为常见。我们的发现很可能确立了火山活动在过去一千年形成PDV时间结构中的重要作用，并强调了其在十年时间尺度上的潜在贡献。

引用次数: 0

Thick Crust at Earth's Slowest Spreading Ridge: 3D Gravity Insights From Eurasian Basin, Arctic Ocean 地球最慢扩张脊的厚地壳：来自欧亚盆地、北冰洋的三维重力洞察

IF 5.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Geophysical Research Letters

Pub Date : 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1029/2025gl119292

Yan Li, Pingchuan Tan, Shaowen Liu

The Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean opened by ultraslow spreading along the Gakkel Ridge, yet crustal thickness has remained poorly constrained due to sparse seismic data. We present a new basin-wide 3-D gravity model, updated by the most comprehensive sediment thickness and seismic observations, offering the first systematic view of crustal architecture. Since ∼45 Ma, the western Gakkel ridge (3°W–85°E), spreading at ∼10–14 mm/yr, has produced generally thin (2–4 km) crust. In contrast, the slower eastern Gakkel ridge (85–126°E; ∼6–10 mm/yr) generates basin-wide robust volcanic crust 6–8 km thick. This “slower-yet-thicker” relationship challenges the classical spreading-rate paradigm, showing that mantle fertility, elevated temperatures, and active upwelling—not spreading rate alone—govern crustal production at eastern part of Gakkel ridges.

北冰洋的欧亚盆地是由沿Gakkel脊的超低速扩张打开的，但由于地震资料的稀疏，地壳厚度仍然没有得到很好的约束。我们提出了一个新的全盆地三维重力模型，通过最全面的沉积物厚度和地震观测进行了更新，首次提供了地壳结构的系统视图。自~ 45 Ma以来，西Gakkel脊（3°W-85°E）以~ 10-14 mm/年的速度扩张，产生了一般较薄（2-4 km）的地壳。相比之下，较慢的东部Gakkel脊（85-126°E； ~ 6-10毫米/年）产生了6-8公里厚的盆地宽度的坚固火山地壳。这种“慢而厚”的关系挑战了经典的扩张速度范式，表明地幔肥沃度、升高的温度和活跃的上升流（而不仅仅是扩张速度）控制着Gakkel脊东部的地壳生产。

引用次数: 0

Unraveling the Enrichment Mechanisms of Rare Earth Elements in Deep-Sea Sediments: An Environmental Magnetic Perspective 深海沉积物中稀土元素富集机制的环境磁学研究

IF 4.6 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Geophysical Research Letters

Pub Date : 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1029/2025GL121017

Xiangfeng He, Jianxing Liu, Dongjie Bi, Yamin Zhang, Mu Huang, Miao Yu, Fengdeng Shi, Jianhua Gao, Xuefa Shi

Deep-sea rare earth elements and yttrium (REY)-rich sediments have attracted considerable attention since their discovery in 2011. However, the environmental factors controlling REY enrichment remain poorly understood, largely because paleoceanographic proxies are absent in pelagic clays. This study focused on two sediment cores with an ultra-enrichment layer of REY (UELR) from the western and southeastern Pacific. Detailed rock magnetic and transmission electron microscope analyses revealed high magnetofossil abundance in the UELR. It is proposed that strong bottom currents triggered intense upwelling, enhancing primary productivity. This, in turn, stimulated both fish and magnetotactic bacteria reproduction, making the strong coupling between magnetofossils and phosphate, mainly from fish bones and teeth, which efficiently absorbed substantial REYs from seawater. Moreover, magnetic parameters related to eolian dust can also indicate REY composition and the enrichment environment. Therefore, environmental magnetism holds significant potential for investigating the mechanisms of deep-sea REY enrichment.

深海富含稀土元素和钇（REY）的沉积物自2011年被发现以来一直备受关注。然而，控制REY富集的环境因素仍然知之甚少，主要是因为在远洋粘土中缺乏古海洋学代用物。本文研究了来自西太平洋和东南太平洋的两个具有REY超富集层（UELR）的沉积物岩心。详细的岩石磁性和透射电子显微镜分析显示，UELR的磁化石丰度很高。强烈的底流引发了强烈的上升流，提高了初级生产力。这反过来又刺激了鱼类和趋磁细菌的繁殖，使磁性化石和磷酸盐（主要来自鱼的骨头和牙齿）之间产生了强烈的耦合，从而有效地吸收了海水中的大量REYs。此外，与风成尘有关的磁性参数也可以指示REY的组成和富集环境。因此，环境磁学在研究深海REY富集机制方面具有重要的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Environments Associated With Lightning Occurrence Based on Pre- and Post-Convective Rawinsonde Measurements in Central Europe 基于中欧对流前和对流后雷温仪测量的与闪电发生有关的环境

IF 5.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Geophysical Research Letters

Pub Date : 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1029/2025gl119901

Patryk Matczak, Mateusz Taszarek, Adrian Sobisiak, Leszek Kolendowicz

Rawinsonde measurements from Central Europe were evaluated to investigate environments associated with lightning. The study compared lightning and non-lightning profiles, pre- and post-convective profiles, and varying lightning flash rates. In total, 137,501 quality-controlled measurements from 2006 to 2018 were used, along with 327 convective parameters. Their performance was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC). The Lifted Index (LI) and its effective version (LI_eff) are the most robust predictors of lightning. Other useful parameters are CAPE in a hail growth zone (CAPE_HGL), cold cloud depth (Cold_layer), and equilibrium level temperature and height (EL_tmp, EL_hgt). 1–4 km relative humidity (RH_14 km) is important for thunderstorm development in warm environments, while in the cold season lightning is associated with stronger atmospheric flow. Most thunderstorms form with CIN greater than −100 J kg⁻¹. Non-lightning but unstable profiles show limited instability in the convective cloud layer below −10°C, highlighting the role of buoyancy in subfreezing temperatures.

研究人员评估了中欧的雷温探空仪测量结果，以调查与闪电有关的环境。该研究比较了闪电和非闪电、对流前和对流后的剖面以及不同的闪电速率。从2006年到2018年，总共使用了137501个质量控制测量，以及327个对流参数。采用曲线下面积（AUC）对其性能进行评价。提升指数（LI）及其有效版本（LI_eff）是最可靠的闪电预测器。其他有用的参数有冰雹生长区的CAPE （CAPE_HGL）、冷云深度（Cold_layer）和平衡层温度和高度（EL_tmp, EL_hgt）。1 ~ 4 km相对湿度（RH_14 km）在温暖环境下对雷暴发展有重要影响，而在寒冷季节，闪电与较强的大气流动有关。大多数雷暴形成时，CIN大于−100jkg−1。非闪电但不稳定的剖面显示- 10°C以下对流云层的不稳定性有限，突出了浮力在冰点以下温度中的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Oxygen Isotopes in Tree Rings Track Neotropical Climate Dynamics 树木年轮中的氧同位素追踪新热带气候动力学

IF 4.6 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Geophysical Research Letters

Pub Date : 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1029/2025GL120744

Isabel González-Méndez, Kevin J. Anchukaitis, Diego Pons, Kiyomi Morino, Talia G. Anderson, Soumaya Belmecheri, Laia Andreu-Hayles

Central America faces increasing risks from climate variability and extreme weather events. Limited observational records and model biases have constrained our ability to understand the ocean–atmosphere dynamics that influence precipitation variability in the region over longer timescales. Paleoclimate proxies, including the stable oxygen isotope ratio of the cellulose of tropical trees, can extend the climate record, allowing recent trends and variability to be evaluated in a long-term context and improving our understanding of forced and unforced variability of the climate system. Here, we present a new multidecadal record of tree-ring $� � � �^{δ � 18 �} � O � � �$ from Abies guatemalensis (Guatemalan Fir) from Guatemala and Honduras. We demonstrate that this proxy records boreal summer rainfall and is tightly coupled to neotropical ocean–atmosphere dynamics. This precisely dated, high-resolution proxy can be used for multicentury hydroclimate reconstructions of the Intertropical Convergence Zone dynamics and its interactions with the eastern Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea.

中美洲面临着气候变化和极端天气事件带来的越来越大的风险。有限的观测记录和模式偏差限制了我们理解在较长时间尺度上影响该地区降水变率的海洋-大气动力学的能力。古气候代用物，包括热带树木纤维素的稳定氧同位素比值，可以扩展气候记录，允许在长期背景下评估最近的趋势和变率，并提高我们对气候系统的强迫和非强迫变率的理解。本文报道了危地马拉和洪都拉斯冷杉（Abies guatemalensis）树木年轮δ18O${{updelta}}^{18}mathrm{O}$的新多年代际记录。我们证明，这一代理记录了北方夏季降雨，并与新热带海洋-大气动力学紧密耦合。这种精确定年的高分辨率替代方法可用于多世纪热带辐合带动力学及其与东太平洋和加勒比海相互作用的水文气候重建。

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引用次数: 0

Linking Hadley Cell Instability to Slow Equatorial Motions in Reanalysis and CMIP6 Models 在再分析和CMIP6模式中将哈德利细胞不稳定性与缓慢赤道运动联系起来

IF 5.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Geophysical Research Letters

Pub Date : 2026-02-15 DOI: 10.1029/2025gl120845

Qiao-Jun Lin, Ángel F. Adames Corraliza, Víctor C. Mayta

A recent theory–originally proposed for tropical depression (TD)-type waves–is extended to the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and convectively-coupled equatorial Rossby (ER) waves across the Indo-Western Pacific region using reanalysis and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) data. This framework posits that waves grow from a Hadley Cell-linked instability, quantified by a metric tied to the product of the meridional gradient of background vertical velocity and planetary vorticity. Results show that wave activity, diagnosed via wave-filtered moisture variance and poleward eddy moisture fluxes, is strongest in MJO and ER waves when the instability metric peaks. CMIP6 models with a higher instability metric exhibit stronger Southern Hemisphere MJO and ER waves. While significant in both, the correlations are stronger for ER waves. These results suggest that ER waves are driven by the same mechanisms as TD-type waves, whereas other processes not accounted for in this framework are also important for the MJO.

最近提出的一个理论——最初是针对热带低气压（TD）型波——利用再分析和耦合模式比较项目第6阶段（CMIP6）数据，将其扩展到横跨印度-西太平洋地区的马登-朱利安涛动（MJO）和对流耦合赤道罗斯比（ER）波。这个框架假设波是从哈德利细胞相关的不稳定性中产生的，通过与背景垂直速度的经向梯度和行星涡度的乘积相关联的度量来量化。结果表明，当不稳定度指标达到峰值时，MJO波和ER波的活动性最强。不稳定度较高的CMIP6模式表现出更强的南半球MJO和ER波。虽然两者都很重要，但ER波的相关性更强。这些结果表明，内电波是由与td型波相同的机制驱动的，而在这个框架中没有考虑到的其他过程对MJO也很重要。

引用次数: 0

Benchmarking Atmospheric Circulation Variability in an AI Emulator, ACE2, and a Hybrid Model, NeuralGCM 在AI模拟器ACE2和混合模型NeuralGCM中对大气环流变化进行基准测试

IF 5.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Geophysical Research Letters

Pub Date : 2026-02-15 DOI: 10.1029/2025gl119877

I. Baxter, H. A. Pahlavan, P. Hassanzadeh, K. Rucker, T. A. Shaw

Physics-based atmosphere-land models with prescribed sea surface temperature have notable successes but also biases in their ability to represent atmospheric variability compared to observations. Recently, AI emulators and hybrid models have emerged with the potential to overcome these biases, but still require systematic evaluation against metrics grounded in fundamental atmospheric dynamics. We evaluate the representation of four atmospheric variability benchmarking metrics in a fully data-driven AI emulator (ACE2-ERA5) and hybrid model (NeuralGCM). The hybrid model and emulator can capture the spectra of large-scale tropical waves and extratropical eddy-mean flow interactions, including critical levels. However, both struggle to capture the timescales associated with quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO, ∼28 months) and Southern annular mode propagation (∼150 days). These dynamical metrics serve as an initial benchmarking tool to inform AI model development and understand their limitations, which may be essential for out-of-distribution applications (e.g., extrapolating to unseen climates).

具有规定海面温度的基于物理的大气-陆地模式取得了显著的成功，但与观测结果相比，在表示大气变率方面也存在偏差。最近，人工智能模拟器和混合模型已经出现，具有克服这些偏见的潜力，但仍然需要对基于基本大气动力学的指标进行系统评估。我们在完全数据驱动的人工智能模拟器（ACE2-ERA5）和混合模型（NeuralGCM）中评估了四个大气变率基准指标的表示。混合模型和仿真器可以捕获大尺度热带波和温带涡旋-平均流相互作用的频谱，包括临界水平。然而，两者都难以捕捉准两年一次振荡（QBO， ~ 28个月）和南部环模传播（~ 150天）相关的时间尺度。这些动态指标可以作为初始基准工具，为AI模型开发提供信息，并了解其局限性，这对于分布外应用（例如，外推到看不见的气候）可能是必不可少的。

引用次数: 0

Density–Inertia Coupling Drives Solute Trapping at Vertical Fracture Intersections 密度-惯性耦合驱动垂直裂缝交叉处溶质圈闭

IF 5.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Geophysical Research Letters

Pub Date : 2026-02-15 DOI: 10.1029/2025gl119657

Porraket Dechdacho, Hongfan Cao, Sungyon Lee, Peter K. Kang

Density-driven flow and fluid inertia jointly shape solute transport in fracture networks, with implications for hydrogeology and subsurface engineering. While their individual effects are well recognized, their coupled impact remains underexplored. We integrate pore-to-network-scale dye visualization experiments and numerical simulations to investigate solute trapping at fracture intersections. At the network scale, 3D flume experiments show localized tracer retention caused by density-induced convection and inertia-driven vortices. Millifluidic experiments and simulations reveal that density contrast, flow imbalance, and fluid inertia govern these dynamics. Maximum trapping occurs when bottom fracture flow is ∼10% greater than the top, maximizing mass entry while minimizing loss. This imbalance promotes vortex-driven retention and extended solute residence, leading to breakthrough curve tailing. Simulations in smooth and rough-walled fractures confirm that roughness alters trapping locations but not the underlying mechanisms. These findings highlight the central role of coupled pore-scale processes in controlling network-scale transport and subsurface reactivity.

密度驱动的流动和流体惯性共同塑造了裂缝网络中的溶质运移，对水文地质和地下工程具有重要意义。虽然它们的个别影响已得到充分认识，但它们的耦合影响仍未得到充分探讨。我们整合了孔隙到网络尺度的染料可视化实验和数值模拟来研究裂缝交叉处的溶质捕获。在网络尺度上，三维水槽实验表明，密度诱导对流和惯性驱动涡导致局部示踪剂滞留。微流实验和模拟表明，密度对比、流动不平衡和流体惯性控制着这些动力学。当底部裂缝的流量比顶部大10%时，会产生最大的圈闭，从而使质量进入最大化，同时使损失最小化。这种不平衡促进了涡流驱动的滞留和溶质滞留的延长，导致突破曲线的尾迹。对光滑和粗糙裂缝的模拟证实，粗糙度改变了圈闭的位置，但没有改变潜在的机制。这些发现强调了耦合孔隙尺度过程在控制网络尺度输运和地下反应性中的核心作用。

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引用次数: 0

Detecting Water-Surface Superelevation in Meandering Rivers Using Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) Satellite Data 利用地表水和海洋地形（SWOT）卫星数据检测曲流河流水面超高

IF 5.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Geophysical Research Letters

Pub Date : 2026-02-15 DOI: 10.1029/2025gl119167

Tasneem Haq Meem, Bruce L. Rhoads, Jida Wang, Renato Prata de Moraes Frasson

Accurate data on curvature-induced water-surface superelevation are important for understanding complex patterns of fluid motion in meandering rivers. Nevertheless, superelevation has been studied primarily in the laboratory because field measurements are difficult to obtain. This study assesses whether the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite can detect superelevation in meander bends. Plots of lateral water-surface slope (LWS) reveal distinct superelevation in three sets of Mississippi-River bends. As expected, the magnitude and direction of LWS are strongly correlated with channel curvature. Superelevation can also be detected on comparatively narrow Wabash-River bends, but levels of noise are more pronounced than for the Mississippi bends. Mean flow velocities estimated from LWS based on theoretical considerations agree closely with gauge-based estimates (±7%–35%). These findings confirm that SWOT data can be used to reliably detect superelevation in large river bends, providing the basis for global assessments of hydrodynamics in large meandering rivers.

曲率引起的水面超高程的精确数据对于理解曲流河流流体运动的复杂模式具有重要意义。然而，由于野外测量难以获得，超海拔主要在实验室进行研究。本研究评估了地表水和海洋地形（SWOT）卫星是否可以检测曲流弯道的超高程。横向水面坡度（LWS）图显示了三组密西西比河弯道明显的超高程。正如预期的那样，LWS的大小和方向与航道曲率密切相关。在相对狭窄的沃巴什河弯道也可以检测到超高海拔，但噪音水平比密西西比河弯道更明显。基于理论考虑的LWS估计的平均流速与基于仪表的估计非常吻合（±7%-35%）。这些发现证实了SWOT数据可以可靠地检测大型曲流河流的超高程，为全球评估大型曲流河流的水动力提供了依据。

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引用次数: 0

Long Unrest (2007–2025) at Laguna del Maule: Linking Strain Field and Seismicity From GNSS and Seismic Data 拉古纳del Maule的长期动荡（2007-2025）：从GNSS和地震数据连接应变场和地震活动

IF 5.2 1区地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Geophysical Research Letters

Pub Date : 2026-02-15 DOI: 10.1029/2025gl120184

M. Navarrete-Reyes, F. Delgado, S. Ruiz, J. C. Báez, B. Potin, L. Cabrera, A. Alarcón

The Laguna del Maule volcanic field in Chile has been uplifting at exceptional rates since 2007, offering a unique opportunity to examine the interplay between crustal deformation and magma dynamics. To understand this relationship, we integrate GNSS with local seismic observations from 2013 to 2024 to model the reservoir strain field, relocate earthquakes, and determine focal mechanisms. Our preferred model identifies a shallow spheroidal reservoir at ∼4 km depth that underwent ∼15 MPa of overpressure and a volume change increase of ∼0.23 km³. Seismicity clusters align with dilatational strain, and focal mechanisms are dominated by strike-slip faulting consistent with the regional NE–SW tectonic stress regime. We distinguish two phases of unrest: 2013–2018, when seismicity concentrated in dilatational faults, and 2018–2024, when swarms became more energetic with increased magma flux and strain rates. These results demonstrate how magma input, crustal deformation, and faulting interact during prolonged volcanic unrest.

自2007年以来，智利的拉古纳德尔毛勒火山场一直在以异常的速度上升，这为研究地壳变形和岩浆动力学之间的相互作用提供了一个独特的机会。为了理解这种关系，我们将GNSS与2013年至2024年的当地地震观测相结合，模拟了水库应变场，重新定位了地震，并确定了震源机制。我们的首选模型确定了一个深度为~ 4 km的浅球形储层，该储层经历了~ 15 MPa的超压，体积变化增加了~ 0.23 km3。地震活动群与扩张应变一致，震源机制以走滑断裂为主，符合区域NE-SW构造应力格局。我们将地震活动分为两个阶段：2013-2018年，地震活动集中在扩张断层上；2018-2024年，随着岩浆通量和应变速率的增加，地震群变得更加活跃。这些结果表明岩浆输入、地壳变形和断裂在长期火山不稳定期间是如何相互作用的。

引用次数: 0

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