The Kuroshio Extension (KE) exhibits pronounced decadal variability, influencing marine ecosystems, fisheries, and regional climate. However, how anthropogenic warming affects this variability remains uncertain due to limited satellite records and model resolution constraints. Based on an eddy-resolving historical-and-future transient climate simulation, we find that the KE decadal variability weakens significantly under a high-emissions scenario. This weakening likely results from a disruption of the coupled ocean-atmosphere delayed oscillation, which involves basin-scale atmospheric circulation both forcing and responding to KE variations. Specifically, warming-induced strengthening of atmospheric stratification likely suppresses the thermodynamic adjustment, including the deep-reaching updraft and associated mid-to-upper tropospheric responses, typically triggered by oceanic mesoscale warming during the KE stable state. Such suppression disrupts the coupled ocean-atmosphere delayed oscillation, contributing to the weakened KE decadal variability. Our findings imply that the KE system might be less predictable under future warming.
{"title":"Future Weakening of the Kuroshio Extension Decadal Variability Revealed by an Eddy-Resolving Global Climate Model","authors":"Xin Wang, Bolan Gan, Lixin Wu, Hong Wang","doi":"10.1029/2025gl118480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl118480","url":null,"abstract":"The Kuroshio Extension (KE) exhibits pronounced decadal variability, influencing marine ecosystems, fisheries, and regional climate. However, how anthropogenic warming affects this variability remains uncertain due to limited satellite records and model resolution constraints. Based on an eddy-resolving historical-and-future transient climate simulation, we find that the KE decadal variability weakens significantly under a high-emissions scenario. This weakening likely results from a disruption of the coupled ocean-atmosphere delayed oscillation, which involves basin-scale atmospheric circulation both forcing and responding to KE variations. Specifically, warming-induced strengthening of atmospheric stratification likely suppresses the thermodynamic adjustment, including the deep-reaching updraft and associated mid-to-upper tropospheric responses, typically triggered by oceanic mesoscale warming during the KE stable state. Such suppression disrupts the coupled ocean-atmosphere delayed oscillation, contributing to the weakened KE decadal variability. Our findings imply that the KE system might be less predictable under future warming.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146160278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Yair, C. Haspel, M. Korzets, E. Di-Gangi, J. Lapierre, O. Chanrion, Y. Hobara, T. Bozóki, J. Mlynarczyk, M. Korman, M. López-Alegría
Transient luminous events (TLEs), such as sprites, have been investigated via observations and simulations for decades. Recent TLE research has focused on effects leading to the delay of a sprite from its parent lightning flash. Here we investigate a sprite with by far the longest recorded delay to date, a delay of almost a full second (916.6 ± 16.6 ms) from the onset of the parent flash, as observed from the ISS during the ILAN-ES campaign on 6 February 2024. Based on meteorological, satellite, and ground-based ELF data, we reconstruct a realistic charge configuration for the parent thunderstorm. We input this reconstructed charge configuration to a 3D quasi-electrostatic model in order to simulate regions of possible sprite inception as a function of time corresponding to this sprite event following the lightning. We demonstrate how the observed delayed sprite could have been incepted by a prolonged piecewise pattern of the current in the parent flash.
{"title":"Observations and Modeling of the Longest-Recorded Delayed Sprite","authors":"Y. Yair, C. Haspel, M. Korzets, E. Di-Gangi, J. Lapierre, O. Chanrion, Y. Hobara, T. Bozóki, J. Mlynarczyk, M. Korman, M. López-Alegría","doi":"10.1029/2025gl119602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl119602","url":null,"abstract":"Transient luminous events (TLEs), such as sprites, have been investigated via observations and simulations for decades. Recent TLE research has focused on effects leading to the delay of a sprite from its parent lightning flash. Here we investigate a sprite with by far the longest recorded delay to date, a delay of almost a full second (916.6 ± 16.6 ms) from the onset of the parent flash, as observed from the ISS during the ILAN-ES campaign on 6 February 2024. Based on meteorological, satellite, and ground-based ELF data, we reconstruct a realistic charge configuration for the parent thunderstorm. We input this reconstructed charge configuration to a 3D quasi-electrostatic model in order to simulate regions of possible sprite inception as a function of time corresponding to this sprite event following the lightning. We demonstrate how the observed delayed sprite could have been incepted by a prolonged piecewise pattern of the current in the parent flash.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"385 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aishwarya Kumar, Scott L. England, R. John Wilson, Amanda S. Brecht
Thermal tides are global oscillations driven by periodic solar heating that strongly influence circulation and vertical coupling in the Martian atmosphere. Previous studies have focused on the first and second migrating harmonics, while recent work has revealed higher-frequency harmonics in surface pressure records. However, these detections are limited to single locations, and spacecraft observations have only confirmed global structure up to the third harmonic. Here, we present the first planetary-scale characterization of migrating thermal tides up to the eighth harmonic as observed in remotely sensed temperature observations from the Emirates Mars Mission, sampling the lower atmosphere, and surface pressure measurements from the Curiosity and Perseverance landers. We examine the latitudinal and seasonal structure and show that high-frequency migrating tides have deep vertical structure with little phase variation with height, suggestive of near-resonant Lamb wave structure. Nearly identical seasonal amplitude-phase evolution across the longitudinally separated landers, indicate dominance of migrating tides.
{"title":"Quantifying High-Frequency Migrating Tides in the Atmosphere of Mars With Observations From EMIRS, Curiosity and Perseverance","authors":"Aishwarya Kumar, Scott L. England, R. John Wilson, Amanda S. Brecht","doi":"10.1029/2025gl118933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl118933","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal tides are global oscillations driven by periodic solar heating that strongly influence circulation and vertical coupling in the Martian atmosphere. Previous studies have focused on the first and second migrating harmonics, while recent work has revealed higher-frequency harmonics in surface pressure records. However, these detections are limited to single locations, and spacecraft observations have only confirmed global structure up to the third harmonic. Here, we present the first planetary-scale characterization of migrating thermal tides up to the eighth harmonic as observed in remotely sensed temperature observations from the Emirates Mars Mission, sampling the lower atmosphere, and surface pressure measurements from the Curiosity and Perseverance landers. We examine the latitudinal and seasonal structure and show that high-frequency migrating tides have deep vertical structure with little phase variation with height, suggestive of near-resonant Lamb wave structure. Nearly identical seasonal amplitude-phase evolution across the longitudinally separated landers, indicate dominance of migrating tides.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region have been increasingly recognized as playing a key role in shaping the extratropical air–sea interactions. However, the extent to which such extratropical SST forcing can influence large-scale atmospheric circulation and surrounding SST remains uncertain, particularly given strong atmospheric internal variability. Here, we investigate the atmospheric response to idealized positive SST anomalies in the KE region using large-ensemble atmospheric general circulation model experiments. The imposed forcing generates a robust sea-level pressure anomaly over and downstream of the KE, leading to surface westerly wind anomalies extending into the subtropical North Pacific. Despite substantial atmospheric internal variability over the Aleutian Low region, these subtropical wind anomalies consistently emerge across the ensemble. Our results suggest that SST forcing in the KE region can modulate air–sea interactions not only locally but also across a broader region extending equatorward.
{"title":"Subtropical Atmospheric Response to Extratropical SST Warming in the Western North Pacific Under Atmospheric Internal Variability","authors":"Itsuki Miura, Youichi Tanimoto","doi":"10.1029/2025gl118296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl118296","url":null,"abstract":"Sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region have been increasingly recognized as playing a key role in shaping the extratropical air–sea interactions. However, the extent to which such extratropical SST forcing can influence large-scale atmospheric circulation and surrounding SST remains uncertain, particularly given strong atmospheric internal variability. Here, we investigate the atmospheric response to idealized positive SST anomalies in the KE region using large-ensemble atmospheric general circulation model experiments. The imposed forcing generates a robust sea-level pressure anomaly over and downstream of the KE, leading to surface westerly wind anomalies extending into the subtropical North Pacific. Despite substantial atmospheric internal variability over the Aleutian Low region, these subtropical wind anomalies consistently emerge across the ensemble. Our results suggest that SST forcing in the KE region can modulate air–sea interactions not only locally but also across a broader region extending equatorward.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146160279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Rattanavetchasit, H.-H. Huang, H. Sone, Y.-M. Wu
Frequency-dependent seismic velocity variations (dv/v) provide depth-resolved constraints on aquifer behavior under groundwater fluctuations. We analyze 17 years of dv/v time series from ambient noise interferometry in the Chiang Mai Basin, Thailand, and observe contrasting dv/v behavior below and above 1 Hz. By integrating GPS, meteorological, and GWL data with poroelastic stress modeling, we disentangle the contemporaneous effects of pore saturation, pore pressure change, and mass loading. Our results show that the pore saturation and pore pressure change jointly influence shallow aquifer layers, while mass loading governs deeper responses. This depth-dependent interplay highlights the importance of effective stress modeling in interpreting dv/v patterns and the potential of passive seismic techniques to monitor layered hydromechanical processes in aquifer systems.
{"title":"Frequency-Dependent Seismic Velocity Variations Reveal Layered Aquifer Behavior Under Groundwater Fluctuations","authors":"C. Rattanavetchasit, H.-H. Huang, H. Sone, Y.-M. Wu","doi":"10.1029/2025gl118568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl118568","url":null,"abstract":"Frequency-dependent seismic velocity variations (dv/v) provide depth-resolved constraints on aquifer behavior under groundwater fluctuations. We analyze 17 years of dv/v time series from ambient noise interferometry in the Chiang Mai Basin, Thailand, and observe contrasting dv/v behavior below and above 1 Hz. By integrating GPS, meteorological, and GWL data with poroelastic stress modeling, we disentangle the contemporaneous effects of pore saturation, pore pressure change, and mass loading. Our results show that the pore saturation and pore pressure change jointly influence shallow aquifer layers, while mass loading governs deeper responses. This depth-dependent interplay highlights the importance of effective stress modeling in interpreting dv/v patterns and the potential of passive seismic techniques to monitor layered hydromechanical processes in aquifer systems.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146160275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junjie Liu, Sourish Basu, Brendan Byrne, Jeongmin Yun, Chris O’Dell
The large annual carbon source over northern tropical Africa (NTA), inferred from satellite CO2, remains highly debated. Using observing system simulation experiments with Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) sampling, we show that seasonally dependent sampling can lead to overestimated annual fluxes. These biases arise when prior flux seasonal cycle differs from the assumed truth. Since OCO-2 provides more observations during the non-growing season, posterior fluxes are more constrained in that period. When prior fluxes underestimate the seasonal amplitude, the posterior carbon sink during the growing season is underestimated, leading to a net positive bias. This effect is supported by real OCO-2 data, where we hypothesize that underestimating fire emissions during non-growing season and weaker seasonality of prior fluxes may contribute to overestimated annual fluxes. Our results highlight the need to improve prior flux estimates and expand observational coverage during the growing season to reduce biases in regional carbon budget assessments over NTA.
{"title":"The Impact of OCO-2 Seasonally Dependent Sampling on Carbon Flux Estimation in the Northern Tropical Africa","authors":"Junjie Liu, Sourish Basu, Brendan Byrne, Jeongmin Yun, Chris O’Dell","doi":"10.1029/2025gl119838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl119838","url":null,"abstract":"The large annual carbon source over northern tropical Africa (NTA), inferred from satellite CO<sub>2</sub>, remains highly debated. Using observing system simulation experiments with Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) sampling, we show that seasonally dependent sampling can lead to overestimated annual fluxes. These biases arise when prior flux seasonal cycle differs from the assumed truth. Since OCO-2 provides more observations during the non-growing season, posterior fluxes are more constrained in that period. When prior fluxes underestimate the seasonal amplitude, the posterior carbon sink during the growing season is underestimated, leading to a net positive bias. This effect is supported by real OCO-2 data, where we hypothesize that underestimating fire emissions during non-growing season and weaker seasonality of prior fluxes may contribute to overestimated annual fluxes. Our results highlight the need to improve prior flux estimates and expand observational coverage during the growing season to reduce biases in regional carbon budget assessments over NTA.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Employing the multi-station Thunderstorm Energetic Radiation Observation System, we detected X-ray bursts during two rocket-triggered lightning events in 2024. By innovatively integrating optical imaging with three-dimensional lightning channel reconstruction based on Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS), we analyzed the X-ray emission characteristics from these events. During the Tl_20240812 event, lateral deflection of a descending negative leader resulted in X-rays being detected exclusively by a distal sensor. This clear spatial correlation provides direct and conclusive geometric evidence that the radiation is emitted in a beam-like pattern along the leader propagation path. Furthermore, based on the Tl_20240801 event, this study achieved the first quantitative estimation of the X-ray photon beam half-angle width, determined to be between 40° and 46°. This angular range aligns with the predicted structure of the leader tip electric field, thereby providing robust support for the hypothesis that X-rays originate from the leader tip high-field runaway electron mechanism.
{"title":"On the Beam Characteristics of X-Ray Bursts Observed in Rocket-Triggered Lightning","authors":"Yuan Wang, Peng Li, Yang Zhang, Heting Hong, Xiao Li, Yanfeng Fan, Baofeng Cao, Weiqun Xu, Zongxiang Li, Weitao Lyu, Gaopeng Lu, Xiong Zhang, Xiaoqiang Li","doi":"10.1029/2025gl120120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl120120","url":null,"abstract":"Employing the multi-station Thunderstorm Energetic Radiation Observation System, we detected X-ray bursts during two rocket-triggered lightning events in 2024. By innovatively integrating optical imaging with three-dimensional lightning channel reconstruction based on Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS), we analyzed the X-ray emission characteristics from these events. During the Tl_20240812 event, lateral deflection of a descending negative leader resulted in X-rays being detected exclusively by a distal sensor. This clear spatial correlation provides direct and conclusive geometric evidence that the radiation is emitted in a beam-like pattern along the leader propagation path. Furthermore, based on the Tl_20240801 event, this study achieved the first quantitative estimation of the X-ray photon beam half-angle width, determined to be between 40° and 46°. This angular range aligns with the predicted structure of the leader tip electric field, thereby providing robust support for the hypothesis that X-rays originate from the leader tip high-field runaway electron mechanism.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146160274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. J. McFarland, W. H. Brune, D. O. Miller, J. M. Jenkins
Coronae, which are weak electrical discharges, have long been hypothesized to form on trees under thunderstorms, though never directly observed, characterized, or quantified. Using a newly developed instrument that measures ultraviolet emissions from coronae, the first direct observations and quantifications of coronae are presented for two trees under a thunderstorm in North Carolina. Coronae moved sporadically among leaves on every tree branch in a narrow field of view while the thunderstorm was directly overhead. Coronae emitted ∼1011 photons at 260 nm, corresponding to electrical currents of ∼1 μA, derived from unique measurements relating corona intensity to tree electrical current. Similar results across four additional storm intercepts from Florida to Pennsylvania give rise to a vision of swaths of scintillating corona glow as thunderstorms pass over forests. Such widespread coronae have implications for the removal of hydrocarbons emitted by trees, subtle tree leaf damage, and limited thunderstorm electrification.
{"title":"Corona Discharges Glow on Trees Under Thunderstorms","authors":"P. J. McFarland, W. H. Brune, D. O. Miller, J. M. Jenkins","doi":"10.1029/2025gl119591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl119591","url":null,"abstract":"Coronae, which are weak electrical discharges, have long been hypothesized to form on trees under thunderstorms, though never directly observed, characterized, or quantified. Using a newly developed instrument that measures ultraviolet emissions from coronae, the first direct observations and quantifications of coronae are presented for two trees under a thunderstorm in North Carolina. Coronae moved sporadically among leaves on every tree branch in a narrow field of view while the thunderstorm was directly overhead. Coronae emitted ∼10<sup>11</sup> photons at 260 nm, corresponding to electrical currents of ∼1 μA, derived from unique measurements relating corona intensity to tree electrical current. Similar results across four additional storm intercepts from Florida to Pennsylvania give rise to a vision of swaths of scintillating corona glow as thunderstorms pass over forests. Such widespread coronae have implications for the removal of hydrocarbons emitted by trees, subtle tree leaf damage, and limited thunderstorm electrification.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146160284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Louis Saddier, Corentin Herbert, Christopher Y. S. Bull, Louis-Alexandre Couston
Ice shelves fringing the Antarctic continent experience low or high basal melt rates depending on local shelf conditions, ocean circulation and intensity of ice-sea-air exchanges. Recent studies have uncovered potential cold-to-warm transitions in specific ice-shelf cavities, which could lead to a dramatic increase in sea-level rise. Here we demonstrate that brine rejection in coastal polynyas promotes bistable dynamics in ice-shelf cavities, which would be otherwise monostable, for a broad diversity of Circumpolar Deep Water temperatures. We develop a generic low-dimensional box model featuring warm and cold circulation modes and apply it to nine ice-shelf cavities. We find that most ice-shelf cavities are in a bistable regime and are therefore susceptible to irreversible abrupt transitions for a realistic range of sea-ice formation rates. Bistability is robust to changes in cavity parameterization. However, the vertical mixing scheme at the ice-shelf front can be tuned to make the transitions reversible.
{"title":"Irreversible Transitions of the Ocean Circulation in Antarctic Ice-Shelf Cavities","authors":"Louis Saddier, Corentin Herbert, Christopher Y. S. Bull, Louis-Alexandre Couston","doi":"10.1029/2025gl118278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl118278","url":null,"abstract":"Ice shelves fringing the Antarctic continent experience low or high basal melt rates depending on local shelf conditions, ocean circulation and intensity of ice-sea-air exchanges. Recent studies have uncovered potential cold-to-warm transitions in specific ice-shelf cavities, which could lead to a dramatic increase in sea-level rise. Here we demonstrate that brine rejection in coastal polynyas promotes bistable dynamics in ice-shelf cavities, which would be otherwise monostable, for a broad diversity of Circumpolar Deep Water temperatures. We develop a generic low-dimensional box model featuring warm and cold circulation modes and apply it to nine ice-shelf cavities. We find that most ice-shelf cavities are in a bistable regime and are therefore susceptible to irreversible abrupt transitions for a realistic range of sea-ice formation rates. Bistability is robust to changes in cavity parameterization. However, the vertical mixing scheme at the ice-shelf front can be tuned to make the transitions reversible.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. D’Anna, F. Ribas, G. Coco, P. M. Bayle, D. Calvete, A. Falqués, T. E. Baldock, A. L. Atkinson, T. Beuzen
This study analyzes laboratory data of beach response to sea-level rise (SLR), isolating shoreline changes driven by passive flooding (PF) of the beach and consequent wave-driven processes. The disequilibrium concept relates shoreline change to instantaneous and equilibrium beach states. While PF shifts the shoreline geometrically, SLR induces disequilibrium that produces wave-driven changes due to apparent profile changes. For the first time, 24 experiments from wave flumes of different scale (including new high-low energy cyclic waves experiments) are gathered into a dimensionless data set through a scaling technique to investigate SLR-induced processes. The data indicate trends (possibly linear) between relative wave power and wave-driven shoreline changes for a given SLR, highlighting the effects of changing background wave energy. Cyclic wave experiments best represent Bruun model's behavior. Wave-energy dissipation emerges as a key variable for quantifying SLR-induced disequilibrium, offering new pathways for future improvements of equilibrium shoreline models under SLR and wave-climate change.
{"title":"Leveraging Laboratory Experiments of Shoreline Response to Sea-Level Rise: A Beach Disequilibrium Perspective","authors":"M. D’Anna, F. Ribas, G. Coco, P. M. Bayle, D. Calvete, A. Falqués, T. E. Baldock, A. L. Atkinson, T. Beuzen","doi":"10.1029/2025gl120802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl120802","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzes laboratory data of beach response to sea-level rise (SLR), isolating shoreline changes driven by passive flooding (PF) of the beach and consequent wave-driven processes. The disequilibrium concept relates shoreline change to instantaneous and equilibrium beach states. While PF shifts the shoreline geometrically, SLR induces disequilibrium that produces wave-driven changes due to apparent profile changes. For the first time, 24 experiments from wave flumes of different scale (including new high-low energy cyclic waves experiments) are gathered into a dimensionless data set through a scaling technique to investigate SLR-induced processes. The data indicate trends (possibly linear) between relative wave power and wave-driven shoreline changes for a given SLR, highlighting the effects of changing background wave energy. Cyclic wave experiments best represent Bruun model's behavior. Wave-energy dissipation emerges as a key variable for quantifying SLR-induced disequilibrium, offering new pathways for future improvements of equilibrium shoreline models under SLR and wave-climate change.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146160282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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