Geophysical Research Letters最新文献

{"title":"Rough Topography and Fast Baroclinic Rossby Waves","authors":"T. J. Davis, T. Radko, J. M. Brown, W. K. Dewar","doi":"10.1029/2024gl112589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112589","url":null,"abstract":"Oceanographic observations have revealed that basin-scale Rossby waves can travel at speeds systematically exceeding values predicted by linear theory based on the flat-bottom approximation. Using the recently developed parametric “sandpaper” theory of seafloor roughness, we construct a set of analytical solutions for the vertical structure and dispersion relationship of Rossby waves. We then use simulations to confirm these results and show that baroclinic Rossby waves can be accelerated by irregular small-scale <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/a1c6a38e-c963-41dd-a572-3df65e045d0d/grl68731-math-0001.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"164\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/grl68731-math-0001.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-children=\"8\" data-semantic-content=\"0,9\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"leftright\" data-semantic-speech=\"left parenthesis 3 minus 30 km right parenthesis\" data-semantic-type=\"fenced\"><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"fenced\" data-semantic-parent=\"10\" data-semantic-role=\"open\" data-semantic-type=\"fence\" style=\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mrow data-semantic-children=\"6,5\" data-semantic-collapsed=\"(8 (c 7) 6 5)\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"10\" data-semantic-role=\"text\" data-semantic-type=\"punctuated\"><mjx-mrow data-semantic-children=\"1,3\" data-semantic-content=\"2\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"8\" data-semantic-role=\"subtraction\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"6\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mn><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,−\" data-semantic-parent=\"6\" data-semantic-role=\"subtraction\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\" rspace=\"4\" space=\"4\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"6\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"><mjx-c></mjx-c><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-mrow><mjx-mspace style=\"width: 0.17em;\"></mjx-mspace><mjx-mtext data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"8\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"text\"><mjx-c></mjx-c><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mtext></mjx-mrow><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"fenced\" data-semantic-parent=\"10\" data-semantic-role=\"close\" data-semantic-type=\"fence\" style=\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl68731:grl68731-math-0001\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/grl68731-math-0001.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Ma","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coseismic Slip and Early Afterslip of the 2024 Hyuganada Earthquake Modulated by a Subducted Seamount","authors":"Yuji Itoh","doi":"10.1029/2024gl112826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112826","url":null,"abstract":"Subducted rough topography complicates seismic and aseismic slip behavior. The 2024 M 7.1 Hyuganada earthquake occurred along the megathrust with ridge subduction. We inferred coseismic slip and afterslip using geodetic displacements to observationally illustrate the role of subducted seamounts in modulating seismic and aseismic slip processes. The inferred mainshock slip was confined in the down-dip of the seamount, suggesting that the seamount impeded the mainshock rupture initiated under enhanced compression. The inferred afterslip peaked at the up-dip of the mainshock peak with four aftershock clusters. Various onset timings of these clusters suggest the afterslip front migration slowed down when passing through the seamount. Little afterslip is inferred in a segment south of the mainshock, where the megathrust is somehow insusceptible to stress perturbation and seems to creep steadily across the mainshock occurrence. Our results geodetically highlight the mechanical heterogeneity of megathrust with ridge subduction at an order of 10 km.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional Hotspots of Change in Northern High Latitudes Informed by Observations From Space","authors":"Jennifer D. Watts, Stefano Potter, Brendan M. Rogers, Anna-Maria Virkkala, Greg Fiske, Kyle A. Arndt, Arden Burrell, Kevin Butler, Bob Gerlt, John Grayson, Tatiana A. Shestakova, Jinyang Du, Youngwook Kim, Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, Susan M. Natali","doi":"10.1029/2023gl108081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023gl108081","url":null,"abstract":"The high latitudes cover ∼20% of Earth's land surface. This region is facing many shifts in thermal, moisture and vegetation properties, driven by climate warming. Here we leverage remote sensing and climate reanalysis records to improve understanding of changes in ecosystem indicators. We applied non-parametric trend detections and Getis-Ord Gi* spatial hotspot assessments. We found substantial terrestrial warming trends across Siberia, portions of Greenland, Alaska, and western Canada. The same regions showed increases in vapor pressure deficit; changes in precipitation and soil moisture were variable. Vegetation greening and browning were widespread across both continents. Browning of the boreal zone was especially evident in autumn. Multivariate hotspot analysis indicated that Siberian ecoregions have experienced substantial, simultaneous, changes in thermal, moisture and vegetation status. Finally, we found that using regionally-based trends alone, without local assessments, can yield largely incomplete views of high-latitude change.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xenolith Constraints on the Mantle Potential Temperature and Thickness of Cratonic Roots Through Time","authors":"Z. J. Sudholz, A. Copley","doi":"10.1029/2024gl112851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112851","url":null,"abstract":"The temperature of the convecting mantle and thickness of the lithosphere control many of Earth's processes. However, there is disagreement regarding the evolution of these quantities through time. We use a global data set of mantle xenoliths and xenocrysts to construct paleogeotherms at different eruption ages (16–1,311 Ma) and estimate the temperature and depth of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB) as a function of mantle potential temperature (Tp). We find that the maximum pressure and temperature (PT) of xenoliths matches the modeled LAB conditions when a Tp of 1,315°C is used. At higher Tp (1,450–1,550<span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/2b4eb798-5627-49c5-aa98-fde8ee696d9c/grl68742-math-0001.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"41\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/grl68742-math-0001.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow><mjx-mo data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-speech=\"italic ℃\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\"><mjx-utext style=\"font-size: 82.6%; padding: 0.909em 0px 0.242em; font-family: MJXZERO, serif; font-style: italic;\" variant=\"italic\">℃</mjx-utext></mjx-mo></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl68742:grl68742-math-0001\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/grl68742-math-0001.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><mo data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-speech=\"italic ℃\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\" mathvariant=\"italic\">℃</mo></mrow>$mathit{^{circ}mathrm{C}}$</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container>) we observe a gap between the maximum PT of xenoliths and the LAB conditions. Because this gap systematically increases with Tp, and the maximum PT of xenoliths has not changed over time, we suggest that there has actually been only minor (&lt;50°C) changes in mantle Tp since the Meso-Proterozoic.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142981621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Climatology of the Daytime Surface Cooling of Urban Parks Using Satellite Observations","authors":"Ilias Agathangelidis, Georgios Blougouras, Constantinos Cartalis, Anastasios Polydoros, Chris G. Tzanis, Konstantinos Philippopoulos","doi":"10.1029/2024gl112887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112887","url":null,"abstract":"Green infrastructure-based heat mitigation strategies can help alleviate the overheating burden on urban residents. While the cooling effect of parks has been explored in individual satellite-based studies, a global, multi-year investigation has been lacking. This study provides a comprehensive global assessment of the daytime surface park cool island (<i>SPCI</i>) climatology, using land surface temperatures from 2,083 systematically selected parks worldwide (2013–2022). Through detailed park selection and data stratification, the key drivers influencing the observed <i>SPCI</i> intensity are isolated. The analysis reveals that cooling is strongly linked to park type, with well-treed parks being, on average, 3.4°C, cooler than the surrounding urban area during summer. It is further investigated how <i>SPCI</i> is influenced by seasonal variations, droughts, and urban morphology across diverse background climates. These findings, along with the developed global <i>SPCI</i> data set, offer critical insights for designing climate-resilient green spaces.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142981619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhomogeneity Ratio for Nearly Field-Aligned Electrons Interacting With Whistler-Mode Waves","authors":"Longzhi Gan, Wen Li, Jay M. Albert, Miroslav Hanzelka, Qianli Ma, Anton Artemyev","doi":"10.1029/2024gl111886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl111886","url":null,"abstract":"Nonlinear interactions between electrons and whistler-mode chorus waves play an important role in driving electron precipitation in Earth's radiation belts. In this letter, we employ the second fundamental model of the Hamiltonian approach to derive the inhomogeneity ratio, assessing nonlinear resonant interactions between nearly field-aligned electrons and parallel propagating chorus waves. We perform test particle simulations by launching electrons from a high latitude to the equator, encountering counter-streaming chorus waves. Our simulations reveal that anomalous scattering, encompassing anomalous trapping and positive bunching, extends the resonant location to the downstream of electrons. The comparison with test particle results demonstrates the efficacy of the inhomogeneity ratio in characterizing nonlinear interactions at small pitch angles. We emphasize the importance of applying this ratio specifically for small pitch angle electrons, as the previously provided inhomogeneity ratio significantly underestimates the impact of nonlinear interactions on electron precipitation.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Submesoscale Eddy Contribution to Ocean Vertical Heat Flux Diagnosed From Airborne Observations","authors":"Hector S. Torres, Alexander Wineteer, Ernesto Rodriguez, Patrice Klein, Andrew F. Thompson, Dragana Perkovic-Martin, Jeroen Molemaker, Delphine Hypolite, Jöern Callies, J. Thomas Farrar, Eric D’Asaro, Mara A. Freilich","doi":"10.1029/2024gl112278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112278","url":null,"abstract":"Submesoscale eddies (those smaller than 50 km) are ubiquitous throughout the ocean, as revealed by satellite infrared images. Diagnosing their impact on ocean energetics from observations remains a challenge. This study analyzes a turbulent field of submesoscale eddies using airborne observations of surface currents and sea surface temperature, with high spatial resolution, collected during the S-MODE experiment in October 2022. Assuming surface current divergence and temperature are homogeneous down to 30 m depth, we show that more than 80% of the upward vertical heat fluxes, reaching &lt;span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/262edce7-f0a7-4970-8540-f006659dc8d2/grl68744-math-0001.png\"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"100\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"&gt;&lt;mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/grl68744-math-0001.png\"&gt;&lt;mjx-semantics&gt;&lt;mjx-mrow&gt;&lt;mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"equality\" data-semantic-speech=\"tilde\" data-semantic-type=\"relation\"&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-mo&gt;&lt;/mjx-mrow&gt;&lt;/mjx-semantics&gt;&lt;/mjx-math&gt;&lt;mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"&gt;&lt;math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl68744:grl68744-math-0001\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/grl68744-math-0001.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-role=\"equality\" data-semantic-speech=\"tilde\" data-semantic-type=\"relation\"&gt;∼&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;${sim} $&lt;/annotation&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/mjx-assistive-mml&gt;&lt;/mjx-container&gt;227 W &lt;span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/e69cdaef-ffd9-413d-9448-1660ed230fa1/grl68744-math-0002.png\"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"101\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"&gt;&lt;mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/grl68744-math-0002.png\"&gt;&lt;mjx-semantics&gt;&lt;mjx-mrow&gt;&lt;mjx-msup data-semantic-children=\"0,3\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"normal m Superscript negative 2\" data-semantic-type=\"superscript\"&gt;&lt;mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"4\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-mi&gt;&lt;mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: 0.363em;\"&gt;&lt;mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-children=\"2\" data-semantic-content=\"1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"4\" data-semantic-role=\"negative\" data-semantic-type=\"prefixop\" size=\"s\"&gt;&lt;mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"prefixop,−\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"subtraction\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\" rspace=\"1\"&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-mo&gt;&lt;mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"&gt;&lt;mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-c&gt;&lt;/mjx-mn&gt;&lt;/mjx-mrow&gt;&lt;/mjx-script&gt;&lt;/mjx-msu","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142981623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reactivation of a Subglacial Channel Around the Grounding Zone of Roi Baudouin Ice Shelf, Antarctica","authors":"Yan Zhou, Steven Franke, Thomas Kleiner, Reinhard Drews, Angelika Humbert, Daniela Jansen, Daniel Steinhage, Olaf Eisen","doi":"10.1029/2024gl112476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112476","url":null,"abstract":"Subglacial water beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet is often funneled via subglacial channels, which inject freshwater into ice-shelf cavities where it interacts with ocean water. The temporal variability of this system has been poorly observed, but its importance for ice dynamics is well recognized. Airborne radar data show a subglacial channel evolving within a decade near of the grounding zone of the Roi Baudouin Ice Shelf (East Antarctica), while topographic signatures on the ice shelf indicate prior inactivity for 60 years. Combining our observations with subglacial hydrological modeling, we suggest that the interplay between episodic subglacial water pulses and ocean water intrusion drive the opening and closing of the channels. Our findings illuminate the short-term transient nature of subglacial channel activity. This impacts ice-shelf–ocean processes, which are important for constraining increasing ocean warming onto ice-shelf basal mass balance, but pose significant challenges for subglacial hydrological modeling at the grounding zone.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142981624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exceptional Equatorial Extension of Extreme Indian Ocean Dipole Cooling: Shaping Effect From Strong El Niño","authors":"Mingmei Xie, Jia-Zhen Wang, Lei Zhang, Zhaohui Chen","doi":"10.1029/2024gl112464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112464","url":null,"abstract":"The extreme positive Indian Ocean Dipole (EXpIOD) peaking in 2023 boreal fall exhibited the strongest variations in sea level and subsurface temperature in the eastern Indian Ocean (IO), and the most equatorially westward extension of cooling observed during the satellite era to date. Its pattern resembled the 1997 EXpIOD, contrasting with other coastally-concentrated EXpIODs. Here we show that the distinctive air-sea responses of equatorial EXpIODs stem from the energetic central IO zonal winds fueled by concurrent strong El Niños, which were absent in other cases. The exceptionally strong easterly anomaly generates prominent nonlinear vertical advection cooling the central IO, with nonlinear zonal advection and the Ekman feedback playing supportive roles. Current coupled models can capture this Pacific shaping effect, despite with divergent strengths. Under strong El Niño's inter-basin forcing, the westward extension of cooling has profound implications for regional hydrology and coral ecology, and warrants closer attention in future predictions.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142981620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Sudden Stratospheric Warmings on the Stratosphere-To-Troposphere Transport of Ozone","authors":"Jaewon Lee, Amy H. Butler, John R. Albers, Yutian Wu, Simon H. Lee","doi":"10.1029/2024gl112588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112588","url":null,"abstract":"Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) can significantly impact tropospheric weather systems. Previous studies suggest that SSWs may also influence stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (STT), but their spatial and temporal distribution and mechanisms are not fully understood. The complex relationships between SSWs and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) have also made it difficult to isolate the effects of SSWs on STT. From an idealized ENSO simulation with the WACCM4 model using a stratospheric origin ozone tracer, we investigate the effect of SSWs on the STT of ozone under different ENSO phases. We find a significant increase in lower tropospheric ozone from the SSW onset up to 3 months later over the Arctic, North America, and Europe, regardless of the ENSO phase. This study highlights the significant influence of SSWs on STT on a subseasonal scale. Our results also emphasize the need to consider SSWs when addressing the ENSO impact on STT.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142981622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}