Pub Date : 2009-02-06DOI: 10.4314/ESARJO.V27I1.31022
Zawedde Nsibirwa, Ruth Hoskins
This article is based on part of a study that investigated preservation of, and access to, legal deposit materials at the Msunduzi Municipal Library1. Constant access to legal deposit materials will depend on proper preservation methods from the time they are first produced. The focus was to identify how the different materials are preserved and stored especially since every institution has unique needs with regard to the climatic conditions of the area. The study also examined challenges faced by the depository, skills and knowledge of the depository staff about preventative preservation methods, resources for conservation, and collection management strategies. The methods to help make materials accessible were established by examining the means and processes used. Using methodological triangulation which included a self-administered questionnaire, in-depth interviews, observation and collection of graphic data findings indicate that there are inadequate preservation activities and strategies for legal deposit materials at Msunduzi Municipal Library. The legal deposit collection was at risk of being lost and inaccessible to present and future generations. This was mostly due to lack of preservation activities and strategies as a result of lack of knowledge in preservation, adequate funding, staff training, preservation policies, environmental control of stack rooms, proper handling and storage of materials. Keywords : Public Libraries Africa, Preservation of Library Materials, Legal Deposit of Books South Africa ESARBICA Vol. 27 2008: pp. 88-116
本文基于一项研究的一部分，该研究调查了Msunduzi市立图书馆合法存放材料的保存和获取情况。合法保管材料的持续使用将取决于从它们第一次生产时起就采用适当的保存方法。重点是确定如何保存和储存不同的材料，特别是因为每个机构都有关于该地区气候条件的独特需求。该研究还调查了保管所面临的挑战、保管所工作人员在预防性保存方法、保护资源和收集管理策略方面的技能和知识。通过检查所使用的手段和过程，确定了帮助获取材料的方法。采用三角法(包括自我管理的问卷调查、深入访谈、观察和图形数据收集)的结果表明，姆松都兹市图书馆的合法存放资料的保存活动和策略不足。合法的存款有丢失和今世后代无法获得的危险。这主要是由于缺乏保存知识、资金不足、人员培训、保存政策、堆放室的环境控制、材料的正确处理和储存，导致缺乏保存活动和策略。关键词:非洲公共图书馆，图书馆资料保存，图书法定寄存南非ESARBICA Vol. 27 2008: pp. 88-116
{"title":"The Future of The Past: Preservation of, and Access to, Legal Deposit Materials at the Msunduzi Municipal Library, Pietermaritzburg","authors":"Zawedde Nsibirwa, Ruth Hoskins","doi":"10.4314/ESARJO.V27I1.31022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ESARJO.V27I1.31022","url":null,"abstract":"This article is based on part of a study that investigated preservation of, and access to, legal deposit materials at the Msunduzi Municipal Library1. Constant access to legal deposit materials will depend on proper preservation methods from the time they are first produced. The focus was to identify how the different materials are preserved\u0000and stored especially since every institution has unique needs with regard to the climatic conditions of the area. The study also examined challenges faced by the depository, skills and knowledge of the depository staff about preventative preservation methods, resources\u0000for conservation, and collection management strategies. The methods to help make materials accessible were established by examining the means and processes used. Using methodological triangulation which included a self-administered questionnaire, in-depth interviews, observation and collection of graphic data findings indicate that there\u0000are inadequate preservation activities and strategies for legal deposit materials at Msunduzi Municipal Library. The legal deposit collection was at risk of being lost and inaccessible to present and future generations. This was mostly due to lack of preservation activities and strategies as a result of lack of knowledge in preservation, adequate funding, staff training, preservation policies, environmental control of stack rooms, proper handling and storage of materials. Keywords : Public Libraries Africa, Preservation of Library Materials, Legal Deposit of Books South Africa ESARBICA Vol. 27 2008: pp. 88-116","PeriodicalId":125371,"journal":{"name":"ESARBICA Journal: Journal of the Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125227295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-02-06DOI: 10.4314/ESARJO.V27I1.31026
T. Kalusopa
The media for recording information has evolved over time. In the past, stone, wood, metal, clay and paper served as information storage media. Developments in science and technology over the past two centuries have now necessitated the transition from paperbased formats to a variety of media and further deepened the challenges of materials preservation. Increasingly, information is now in electronic multi-media form occasioned by its creation, storage and dissemination in picture, sound, text or combination of these. Information resources in the electronic era now range or exist in the form of simple text-based files such as word processing files, to highly sophisticated web-based resources such as databases, websites, mails and storage mediums such as diskettes, flush drives, CD ROMs and others. This paper documents work undertaken to assess the current practices for heritage digital materials preservation in Botswana with a view to identifying strategies and policy issues for the long-term preservation of digital materials. The study sought to establish the current situation regarding digital materials preservation in national archives, libraries, museums, media organizations and other public institutions involved in the creation, collection, and storage of heritage materials. It also investigated the institutional capacities (human and material) for collection, storage and preservation, and provision of access to digital information in Botswana. The paper further makes several recommendations on the policies and strategies for improving the state of national digital material preservation in Botswana. Keywords : Botswana, National digital material, Preservation ESARBICA Vol. 27 2008: pp. 171-202
{"title":"Challenges of Digital Heritage Materials Preservation in Botswana","authors":"T. Kalusopa","doi":"10.4314/ESARJO.V27I1.31026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ESARJO.V27I1.31026","url":null,"abstract":"The media for recording information has evolved over time. In the past, stone, wood, metal, clay and paper served as information storage media. Developments in science and technology over the past two centuries have now necessitated the transition from paperbased formats to a variety of media and further deepened the challenges of materials preservation. Increasingly, information is now in electronic multi-media form occasioned by its creation, storage and dissemination in picture, sound, text or combination of these. Information resources in the electronic era now range or exist in the form of simple text-based files such as word processing files, to highly sophisticated web-based resources such as databases, websites, mails and storage mediums such as diskettes, flush drives, CD\u0000ROMs and others. This paper documents work undertaken to assess the current practices for heritage digital materials preservation in Botswana with a view to identifying strategies and policy issues for the long-term preservation of digital materials. The study sought to\u0000establish the current situation regarding digital materials preservation in national archives, libraries, museums, media organizations and other public institutions involved in the creation, collection, and storage of heritage materials. It also investigated the institutional\u0000capacities (human and material) for collection, storage and preservation, and provision of access to digital information in Botswana. The paper further makes several recommendations on the policies and strategies for improving the state of national digital material preservation in Botswana. Keywords : Botswana, National digital material, Preservation ESARBICA Vol. 27 2008: pp. 171-202","PeriodicalId":125371,"journal":{"name":"ESARBICA Journal: Journal of the Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128404558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-02-06DOI: 10.4314/ESARJO.V27I1.31011
Proscovia Svärd
This paper explores the role of archives in the promotion of accountability and transparency in post-conflict societies by focussing on a case study of Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone was engulfed in a destructive civil war in the 1990's. Since the end of the war in 2002, the government of Sierra Leone and the international community have been involved in the process of peace building, national reconciliation and reconstruction. This paper argues that access to public records is a right for citizens in a democratic society in the spirit of Article 19 of the Universal Human Rights Declaration. The paper further demonstrates that the enlightenment of a society through access to information is a vital key to peace and development. The state of the Archives in Sierra Leone poses challenges for peace and reconciliation. In order to promote the democratisation of information, the national archives will need to be rehabilitated. This is important for peace building, democratic governance and the creation of an engaged civil society and a vibrant public sphere. The paper further addresses the importance of archives in safeguarding the rights of the people in order to create a firm foundation for a democratic society. Information is empowerment and that is why repressive governments misinform the electorate or withhold information from it. The paper also argues that the role played by archivists in government institutions in the West is relevant to the challenges facing the proper documentation and maintenance of government archives in Africa. Keywords : Accountability, Archives, Civil War, Sierra Leone ESARBICA Vol. 27 2008: pp. 20-38
{"title":"The Role of Archives in Enhancing Accountability and Transparency – The Case of Sierra Leone","authors":"Proscovia Svärd","doi":"10.4314/ESARJO.V27I1.31011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ESARJO.V27I1.31011","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the role of archives in the promotion of accountability and transparency in post-conflict societies by focussing on a case study of Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone was engulfed in a destructive civil war in the 1990's. Since the end of the war in 2002, the government of Sierra Leone and the international community have been involved in the process of peace building, national reconciliation and reconstruction. This paper argues that access to public records is a right for citizens in a democratic society in the spirit of Article 19 of the Universal Human Rights Declaration. The paper further demonstrates that the enlightenment of a society through access to information is a vital key to peace and development. The state of the Archives in Sierra Leone poses challenges for peace and\u0000reconciliation. In order to promote the democratisation of information, the national archives will need to be rehabilitated. This is important for peace building, democratic governance and the creation of an engaged civil society and a vibrant public sphere. The paper further\u0000addresses the importance of archives in safeguarding the rights of the people in order to create a firm foundation for a democratic society. Information is empowerment and that is why repressive governments misinform the electorate or withhold information from it. The paper also argues that the role played by archivists in government institutions in the West is relevant to the challenges facing the proper documentation and maintenance of government archives in Africa. Keywords : Accountability, Archives, Civil War, Sierra Leone ESARBICA Vol. 27 2008: pp. 20-38","PeriodicalId":125371,"journal":{"name":"ESARBICA Journal: Journal of the Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133643692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-02-06DOI: 10.4314/ESARJO.V27I1.31027
Dorothy Njiraine, D. Ocholla, J. L. Roux
This paper discusses the auditing of Indigenous Knowledge (IK) and Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) in South Africa, and explores IKS policies and legislations, structures, centres and systems, activities, and research trends. The study targeted the Ministries of Science and Technology and Arts and Culture; NGOs; and Research Centres. Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs), including individuals and documented reports. We have applied largely qualitative (that is purposive and snowball) sampling techniques for data collection through document analysis and limited interviews. Snowball sampling was used in order to link with the key subjects of the study - through direct or indirect linkages - for face-to-face interviews. Review of the literature, particularly government documents, was very useful. Preliminary results show that an IKS policy exists and that most institutions base their internal policies/guidelines on the said policy. With various stakeholders in place coordination still lacks amongst them. There are various databases representing local research activities in the country, but efforts should be made to coordinate the entire research conducted in the country. Keywords : Indigenous knowledge; Knowledge auditing, South Africa ESARBICA Vol. 27 2008: pp. 203-222
本文讨论了南非土著知识(IK)和土著知识系统(IKS)的审计，并探讨了土著知识系统的政策和立法、结构、中心和系统、活动和研究趋势。这项研究的对象是科技部和艺术文化部;非政府组织;和ResearchCentres。高等教育机构(HEIs)，包括个人和文件报告。我们通过文件分析和有限的访谈，大量应用定性(即有目的和滚雪球式)抽样技术来收集数据。雪球抽样是为了通过直接或间接的联系与研究的关键主题联系起来，进行面对面的访谈。回顾文献，特别是政府文件，是非常有用的。初步结果显示，存在一项IKS政策，并且大多数机构的内部政策/指导方针都是基于该政策。尽管各利益攸关方已就位，但它们之间仍缺乏协调。有代表该国当地研究活动的各种数据库，但应努力协调在该国进行的全部研究。关键词:本土知识;知识审计，南非ESARBICA Vol. 27 2008: pp. 203-222
{"title":"Auditing the Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) in South Africa: Challenges and Opportunities","authors":"Dorothy Njiraine, D. Ocholla, J. L. Roux","doi":"10.4314/ESARJO.V27I1.31027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ESARJO.V27I1.31027","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the auditing of Indigenous Knowledge (IK) and Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) in South Africa, and explores IKS policies and legislations, structures, centres and systems, activities, and research trends. The study targeted the Ministries of Science and Technology and Arts and Culture; NGOs; and Research\u0000Centres. Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs), including individuals and documented reports. We have applied largely qualitative (that is purposive and snowball) sampling techniques for data collection through document analysis and limited interviews. Snowball sampling was used in order to link with the key subjects of the study - through\u0000direct or indirect linkages - for face-to-face interviews. Review of the literature, particularly government documents, was very useful. Preliminary results show that an IKS policy exists and that most institutions base their internal policies/guidelines on the said policy.\u0000With various stakeholders in place coordination still lacks amongst them. There are various databases representing local research activities in the country, but efforts should be made to coordinate the entire research conducted in the country. Keywords : Indigenous knowledge; Knowledge auditing, South Africa ESARBICA Vol. 27 2008: pp. 203-222","PeriodicalId":125371,"journal":{"name":"ESARBICA Journal: Journal of the Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126329738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-02-06DOI: 10.4314/ESARJO.V27I1.31024
H. Latsky
This article describes the Employment Bureau of Africa (TEBA) archives housed at the University of Johannesburg, the origin of TEBA, and its impact on general history and mining history of South Africa and Southern Africa. It also explains difficulties and challenges involved in preserving and making its huge collection accessible to researchers. TEBA's history goes back to 1902 when the Chamber of Mines, founded the Witwatersrand Native Labour Association (WNLA) and the Native Recruiting Corporation (NRC) to obtain unskilled labour to work in the mines of South Africa. The following issues are highlighted: the theory and trends surrounding labour and specifically mining archives, resolving the issue of preservation versus accessibility, raising awareness with regard to the vast scope of possible research topics within the collection and the possibilities and future initiatives presented by the acceptance of custodianship of a very significant and exciting collection. Keywords : TEBA, labour archives, mineworkers history, accessibility, preservation ESARBICA Vol. 27 2008: pp. 128-146
{"title":"A Taste of the Employment Bureau of Africa (Teba): Mining the Past","authors":"H. Latsky","doi":"10.4314/ESARJO.V27I1.31024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ESARJO.V27I1.31024","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the Employment Bureau of Africa (TEBA) archives housed at the University of Johannesburg, the origin of TEBA, and its impact on general history and mining history of South Africa and Southern Africa. It also explains difficulties and challenges\u0000involved in preserving and making its huge collection accessible to researchers. TEBA's history goes back to 1902 when the Chamber of Mines, founded the Witwatersrand Native Labour Association (WNLA) and the Native Recruiting Corporation (NRC) to obtain\u0000unskilled labour to work in the mines of South Africa. The following issues are highlighted: the theory and trends surrounding labour and specifically mining archives, resolving the issue of preservation versus accessibility, raising awareness with regard to the vast scope\u0000of possible research topics within the collection and the possibilities and future initiatives presented by the acceptance of custodianship of a very significant and exciting collection. Keywords : TEBA, labour archives, mineworkers history,\u0000accessibility, preservation ESARBICA Vol. 27 2008: pp. 128-146","PeriodicalId":125371,"journal":{"name":"ESARBICA Journal: Journal of the Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132430165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-02-06DOI: 10.4314/ESARJO.V27I1.31021
S. Keakopa
While the use of electronic mail (e-mail) is common in most government agencies, there seem to be no proper systems and procedures in place for the systematic capture and management of this format of records. A study I carried out in Botswana, Namibia and South Africa, which forms part of my PhD thesis, found that most government agencies in Botswana and Namibia do not have policies that guide the creation and management of e-mails whereas these exist in South Africa. This article looks at the use of e-mail in government agencies and how the records generated are handled. Further, the article argues that archivists and records managers need to be seriously involved in advising record creators on proper capture and management of records generated by use of e-mail systems as these form an important part of the organisations' recordkeeping system. Keywords : Electronic Mail, Botswana, Namibia, Recordkeeping, South Africa ESARBICA Vol. 27 2008: pp.72-83
{"title":"Management of Electronic Mail: A Challenge for Archivists and Records Managers in Botswana, Namibia and South Africa","authors":"S. Keakopa","doi":"10.4314/ESARJO.V27I1.31021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ESARJO.V27I1.31021","url":null,"abstract":"While the use of electronic mail (e-mail) is common in most government agencies, there seem to be no proper systems and procedures in place for the systematic capture and management of this format of records. A study I carried out in Botswana, Namibia and\u0000South Africa, which forms part of my PhD thesis, found that most government agencies in Botswana and Namibia do not have policies that guide the creation and management of e-mails whereas these exist in South Africa. This article looks at the use of e-mail in government agencies and how the records generated are handled. Further, the article argues that archivists and records managers need to be seriously involved in advising record creators on proper capture and management of records generated by use of e-mail systems as these form an important part of the organisations' recordkeeping system. Keywords : Electronic Mail, Botswana, Namibia, Recordkeeping,\u0000South Africa ESARBICA Vol. 27 2008: pp.72-83","PeriodicalId":125371,"journal":{"name":"ESARBICA Journal: Journal of the Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives","volume":"746 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127080239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-02-06DOI: 10.4314/ESARJO.V27I1.31025
F. Garaba, P. Ngulube
This contribution seeks to highlight the plight of liberation movement records in eastern and southern Africa in an endeavour to raise awareness on the need for their sound management as they constitute an irreplaceable heritage. The struggle to liberate the eastern and southern African region was an important epoch in contemporary history. It follows then that this history needs to be accurately captured for posterity's sake. The archives generated were of differing types and status which reflected the diverse nature of the struggle itself. As a result, records were created from within and outside Africa to document this historic epoch from the 1950s to the 1990s and these records have to be made available to the public for research, scholarship and general interest as they are a treasured national asset. The main thrust of our argument is that in carrying out the documentation of these records, efforts should be made to ensure that a continuum of care is provided in terms of records' identification and acquisition, intellectual control, access and physical control. Keywords : Liberation movements, Records management, Archives management; Records lifecycle, Records continuum ESARBICA Vol. 27 2008: pp. 147-170
{"title":"A Framework for an Investigation into the Management of Former National Liberation Movements' Records and Archives by National and Private Archival Institutions in Eastern and Southern Africa","authors":"F. Garaba, P. Ngulube","doi":"10.4314/ESARJO.V27I1.31025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ESARJO.V27I1.31025","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution seeks to highlight the plight of liberation movement records in eastern and southern Africa in an endeavour to raise awareness on the need for their sound management as they constitute an irreplaceable heritage. The struggle to liberate the eastern and southern African region was an important epoch in contemporary history. It follows then that this history needs to be accurately captured for posterity's sake. The archives generated were of differing types and status which reflected the diverse nature of the struggle itself. As a result, records were created from within and outside Africa to document this historic epoch from the 1950s to the 1990s and these records have to be made available to the public for research, scholarship and general interest as they are a treasured national asset. The main thrust of our argument is that in carrying out the documentation of these records, efforts should be made to ensure that a continuum of care is provided in terms of records' identification and acquisition, intellectual control, access and physical control. Keywords : Liberation movements, Records management, Archives\u0000management; Records lifecycle, Records continuum ESARBICA Vol. 27 2008: pp. 147-170","PeriodicalId":125371,"journal":{"name":"ESARBICA Journal: Journal of the Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124384112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-07DOI: 10.4314/ESARJO.V26I1.31013
Estelle Liebenberg-Barkhuizen
It is not unusual for libraries and heritage institutions to include photographic records and collections in their archival holdings. The short history of photography reveals that a range of different materials, chemicals and processes are involved in capturing photographic records, indicating the chemical complexity of the different photographic types and film. To ensure their longevity, photographic records and materials require stringently applied preservation measures and correct storage methods as their chemical make-up is prone to deteriorate rapidly if environmental conditions are not optimal and storage enclosures are ill-considered. Also, records can easily be damaged through incorrect handling, storage and display methods. The current preoccupation with digitisation and the availability of digital imagery has opened up the discourse of the preservation of conventional photographic records. As conventional photographic records, equipment and materials seem to be disappearing, making way for digital technologies, the need for the physical preservation of conventional photographic materials has come to the fore. To ascertain suitable preservation, handling and storage methods for photographic records, this article will outline briefly the chemical make-up of photographic records as found in the Alan Paton Centre and Struggle Archives at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa; discuss the identification of different film types represented in this collection; examine causes of deterioration and damage; and will recommend suitable preservation and storage methods and systems to assist in prolonging the life of these photographic records. Some observations on the usefulness of digitisation as an effective preservation tool will conclude the article.
{"title":"The Preservation and Care of Photographic Records in Heritage Collections With Reference to the Photograph Collection of the Alan Paton Centre and Struggle Archives","authors":"Estelle Liebenberg-Barkhuizen","doi":"10.4314/ESARJO.V26I1.31013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ESARJO.V26I1.31013","url":null,"abstract":"It is not unusual for libraries and heritage institutions to include photographic records and collections in their archival holdings. The short history of photography reveals that a range of different materials, chemicals and processes are involved in capturing photographic records, indicating the chemical complexity of the different photographic types and film. To ensure their longevity, photographic records and materials require stringently applied preservation measures and correct storage methods as their chemical make-up is prone to deteriorate rapidly if environmental conditions are not optimal and storage enclosures are ill-considered. Also, records can easily be damaged through incorrect handling, storage and display methods. \u0000\u0000The current preoccupation with digitisation and the availability of digital imagery has opened up the discourse of the preservation of conventional photographic records. As conventional photographic records, equipment and materials seem to be disappearing, making way for digital technologies, the need for the physical preservation of conventional photographic materials has come to the fore. To ascertain suitable preservation, handling and storage methods for photographic records, this article will outline briefly the chemical make-up of photographic records as found in the Alan Paton Centre and Struggle Archives at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa; discuss the identification of different film types represented in this collection; examine causes of deterioration and damage; and will recommend suitable preservation and storage methods and systems to assist in prolonging the life of these photographic records. Some observations on the usefulness of digitisation as an effective preservation tool will conclude the article.","PeriodicalId":125371,"journal":{"name":"ESARBICA Journal: Journal of the Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124446229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-05-07DOI: 10.4314/ESARJO.V26I1.31017
P. Denis
The purpose of this paper is to help oral history practitioners to reflect on the ethics of their discipline.1 By ethics of oral history one means the moral obligations a practitioner has in the conduct of an oral history project. The requirements of oral history are different from those of cognate disciplines such as psychology, anthropology or journalism. The paper argues that if the community of oral historians agrees to regulate itself, there might be grounds, just like in the United States, for exempting oral history from formal ethical review. Four broad principles should guide oral historians in the practice of their discipline: autonomy and respect for the dignity of persons; non-maleficence; beneficence; justice. In oral history, these principles primarily apply to the relationship between the interviewer and the interviewee. Each stage of the interviewing process has specific ethical requirements.
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Pub Date : 2007-05-07DOI: 10.4314/ESARJO.V26I1.31018
N. Mnjama
The issue of how far the East and Southern African Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives (ESARBICA) member states had implemented past ESARBICA resolutions has been raised in many previous ESARBICA conferences. However, as many of the participants had not participated in previous ESARBICA conferences, it was not easy to assess the extent to which ESARBICA member states had or had not implemented past ESARBICA resolutions. This paper provides a comprehensive list of all ESARBICA resolutions from the time of its inception in 1969 to 2005. The paper concludes that ESARBICA as a regional body has had an interest in addressing the many issues or challenges facing the region. The issues that have been addressed in previous conferences have ranged from migrated archives, microfilming projects, the collection and organization of oral traditions, training of archivists and records managers, conservation and restoration of archival materials, management of current records, and issues of access to records, establishment of archival services, collaboration with other information professionals and the impact of ICT on archives and records management.
{"title":"A chronology of the East and Southern African Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives Resolutions 1969-2005","authors":"N. Mnjama","doi":"10.4314/ESARJO.V26I1.31018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ESARJO.V26I1.31018","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of how far the East and Southern African Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives (ESARBICA) member states had implemented past ESARBICA resolutions has been raised in many previous ESARBICA conferences. However, as many of the participants had not participated in previous ESARBICA conferences, it was not easy to assess the extent to which ESARBICA member states had or had not implemented past ESARBICA resolutions. This paper provides a comprehensive list of all ESARBICA resolutions from the time of its inception in 1969 to 2005. The paper concludes that ESARBICA as a regional body has had an interest in addressing the many issues or challenges facing the region. The issues that have been addressed in previous conferences have ranged from migrated archives, microfilming projects, the collection and organization of oral traditions, training of archivists and records managers, conservation and restoration of archival materials, management of current records, and issues of access to records, establishment of archival services, collaboration with other information professionals and the impact of ICT on archives and records management.","PeriodicalId":125371,"journal":{"name":"ESARBICA Journal: Journal of the Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Branch of the International Council on Archives","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128726997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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