General and comparative endocrinology最新文献_第9页

Molecular identification and reproductive function of spexin in the big-belly seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis) 大腹海马蛛丝蛋白的分子鉴定及生殖功能。

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

General and comparative endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-04-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114721

Limiao Zhao , Yuru Li , Jiajun Li , Weiqi Jin , Jun Chen , Bin Wang

Limited data are available regarding reproductive endocrinology of seahorse. Here, we reported the potential function of spexin (SPX1) in the reproduction of seahorse. SPX1, also known as neuropeptide Q (NPQ), is a novel neuropeptide that coevolved with galanin and kisspeptin. In the current study, the entire open reading frame (ORF) sequence of spx1 of the big-belly seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis) was cloned and characterized, which is 360 base pairs in length, encoding a 119-amino acid precursor peptide, with a 26-aa signaling peptide and a 14-aa C-terminal amidated mature peptide. Tissue distribution expression profiles of spx1 transcripts were analyzed and revealed that spx1 mRNA could be detected in a variety of tissues, with the highest abundance in the mixture tissues of brain and pituitary. The expression profile of spx1 mRNA in the mixture of brain and pituitary during the first reproductive cycle of the big-belly seahorse was evaluated, which showed that the expression level of spx1 mRNA was highest during the critical period of ovarian and testicular transition from stage II to stage III at 3.5-month old, and high in females with IV-stage, V-stage and VI-stage, as well as in males with the early-stage brood pouch, suggesting that SPX1 may play a crucial role at these stages of gonadal and brood pouch development. Intraperitoneal injection of SPX1 can suppress the mRNA expressions of galr2b and fshβ in female seahorses, however, it promoted the mRNA expressions of spx1, gal, kiss2, gnrh2, kiss2r, galr1a, galr2b, gnrh3 and gnihr in males, besides, low doses of SPX1 enhanced lhβ mRNA expression, while high dose of SPX1 suppressed it. Intraperitoneal injection of SPX1 did not alter the mRNA levels of spx1, gal, kiss2, galr1a, galr2a, gnihr or plasma 17β-E2 in females, nor did it change the mRNA levels of galr2a, gthα, fshβ or plasma 11-KT in males. These results revealed that SPX1 may participate in regulating reproduction of the big-belly seahorse by controlling production of GnRH2, GnRH3, FSH and LH of HPG axis, as well as some key hypothalamic neuropeptides including Kiss and GAL. Above all, our results indicate the presence of a functional SPX1 system in the big-belly seahorse, as well as reveal its potential significance in the neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction in this species, which also lay a foundation for future research on optimizing fish reproductive performance through the regulation of SPX1.

关于海马生殖内分泌学的资料有限。在此，我们报道了SPX1基因在海马繁殖中的潜在功能。SPX1，又称神经肽Q (NPQ)，是一种与Galanin和Kisspeptin共同进化的新型神经肽。本研究克隆并鉴定了大腹海马（Hippocampus abdominalis） spx1的整个开放阅读框（ORF）序列，全长360个碱基对，编码一个119个氨基酸的前体肽，包含一个26-aa信号肽和一个14-aa c端修饰的成熟肽。分析spx1转录本的组织分布表达谱，发现spx1 mRNA可在多种组织中检测到，在脑和垂体混合组织中丰度最高。spx1 mRNA在大腹海马第一个生殖周期的脑垂体混合物中的表达谱分析表明，spx1 mRNA在3.5月龄时卵巢和睾丸由II期向III期过渡的关键时期表达量最高，在iv期、v期和vi期雌性以及育儿袋早期雄性中表达量较高；这表明SPX1可能在性腺和育儿袋发育的这些阶段起着至关重要的作用。腹腔注射SPX1可抑制雌性海马galr2b和fshβ mRNA的表达，而促进雄性海马SPX1、gal、kiss2、gnrh2、kiss2r、galr1a、galr2b、gnrh3和gnihr mRNA的表达，且低剂量SPX1增强了lhβ mRNA的表达，高剂量SPX1抑制了lhβ mRNA的表达。腹腔注射SPX1未改变雌性小鼠SPX1、gal、kiss2、galr1a、galr2a、gnihr和血浆17β-E2的mRNA水平，也未改变雄性小鼠galr2a、gthα、fshβ和血浆11-KT的mRNA水平。这些结果表明SPX1可能通过控制HPG轴GnRH2、GnRH3、FSH、LH以及KISS、GAL等下丘脑关键神经肽的产生参与大腹海马的生殖调节。综上所述，我们的结果表明SPX1在大腹海马中存在功能性的系统，并揭示了其在大腹海马生殖神经内分泌调节中的潜在意义。这也为今后通过调控SPX1优化鱼类繁殖性能的研究奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Global analysis of ligand-gated ion channel conservation across Platyhelminthes 配体门控离子通道保护的全局分析。

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

General and comparative endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114718

Víctor Hugo Caña-Bozada , Ahmed A.Z. Dawoud , Ivana Ramos-de la Cruz , Lizeth C. Flores-Méndez , Josué Barrera-Redondo , Jesús Briones-Mendoza , Luis A. Yañez-Guerra

Ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) are critical for neurotransmission, mediating responses to neurotransmitters and hormones, and influencing diverse physiological processes. This study identifies and classifies LGICs across Platyhelminthes, with a particular focus on parasitic neodermatans, which impact human and animal health. Using bioinformatics tools, we analyzed LGICs from 41 neodermatan species and expanded our investigation to encompass vertebrates, other invertebrates, and non-bilaterians to trace LGIC evolutionary pathways across Metazoa. We identified 2,269 putative LGICs within neodermatan species, which we classified into the cys-loop, ASIC/Deg/ENaC, iGluR, and P2X families. Our phylogenetic and clustering analyses reveal lineage-specific patterns with distinct evolutionary trajectories for each LGIC family in neodermatans compared to free-living platyhelminths and other taxa. Notably, the ASIC/Deg/ENaC family displayed the greatest degree of neodermatan-specific divergence, while cys-loop and P2X families were more conserved across taxa. To provide insight into their potential physiological roles, we analyzed LGIC expression patterns in Schistosoma mansoni, revealing widespread expression across neuronal and muscle cell types. The distribution of acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) in both neurons and muscles suggests a role in neuromuscular signalling, while the P2X receptor (Smp_333600) exhibited sex-specific expression, potentially indicating distinct functional roles in males and females. Additionally, several cys-loop acetylcholine and GABA receptors showed differential neuronal and muscle expression, highlighting their likely contributions to cholinergic and inhibitory neurotransmission. These findings underscore the relevance of LGICs in parasite physiology, particularly in neuromuscular and sensory processes, and suggest potential targets for antiparasitic interventions.

配体门控离子通道（lgic）在神经传递中起着至关重要的作用，介导对神经递质和激素的反应，并影响多种生理过程。本研究确定并分类了platyhelmintes的LGICs，特别关注影响人类和动物健康的寄生虫neodermatans。利用生物信息学工具，我们分析了41种新生皮肤动物的LGICs，并将研究范围扩大到脊椎动物、其他无脊椎动物和非双边动物，以追踪后生动物的LGICs进化途径。我们在新生皮肤病物种中鉴定了2269个推定的lgic，并将其分为cys-loop、ASIC/Deg/ENaC、iGluR和P2X家族。我们的系统发育和聚类分析揭示了与自由生活的扁形蠕虫和其他分类群相比，新生皮肤动物中每个LGIC家族具有独特的进化轨迹的谱系特异性模式。值得注意的是，ASIC/Deg/ENaC家族在不同分类群中表现出最大程度的皮肤病特异性分化，而cys-loop和P2X家族在不同分类群中更为保守。为了深入了解其潜在的生理作用，我们分析了LGIC在曼氏血吸虫中的表达模式，揭示了其在神经元和肌肉细胞类型中的广泛表达。酸感离子通道（asic）在神经元和肌肉中的分布表明其在神经肌肉信号传导中起作用，而P2X受体（Smp_333600）表现出性别特异性表达，可能表明在男性和女性中具有不同的功能作用。此外，几种半胱氨酸环乙酰胆碱和GABA受体在神经元和肌肉中表现出不同的表达，突出了它们可能对胆碱能和抑制性神经传递的贡献。这些发现强调了LGICs在寄生虫生理学中的相关性，特别是在神经肌肉和感觉过程中，并提出了抗寄生虫干预的潜在目标。

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引用次数: 0

Urotensin II in GIFT Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): CDS cloning, tissue distribution, and in vitro regulation of male reproduction GIFT尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）的尿紧张素II: CDS的克隆、组织分布和雄性生殖的体外调控。

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

General and comparative endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114720

Ying Bai, Xusheng Zhang, Xiaozheng Yu, Yingying Lian, Kingwai Lai, Xiaoxia Chen, Wensheng Li, Caiyun Sun

The caudal neurosecretory system (CNSS), present in all jawed vertebrates, except sarcopterygians, is considered a major site of urotensin II (UII) secretion. UII, a 12-amino acid peptide with a conserved hexapeptide ring structure, is also secreted by other tissues and found in sarcopterygians. UII has been associated with endocrine regulation, osmoregulation, and several pathophysiological conditions. In this study, CDS of GIFT Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) UII (tUII) and its receptors UT1 (tUT1) and UT2 (tUT2) were cloned from the CNSS and cerebellum, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that tUII, tUT1, and tUT2 shared a high homology with the ones of cichlid species, Haplochromis burtoni and Neolamprologus brichardi. Despite variations in precursor peptide sequences, the core sequence of the mature UII peptide remains highly conserved. tUII was predominantly expressed in the CNSS, while tUT1 and tUT2 were widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues of male and female tilapia. Functional studies revealed that synthetic tUII significantly activated luciferase activity in HEK293T cells transiently transfected with pNFAT-TA-Luc vectors and tUT1 or tUT2. In vitro studies in male GIFT Nile tilapia showed that tUII stimulated mRNA expression of gnrh1, gnrh2, and gnrh3 in a dose-dependent manner by brain fragments, as well as fshβ, lhβ, and gthα by primary culture of pituitary cells. Furthermore, tUII promoted the expression of gnrhr1, gnrhr2, and gnrhr3 in pituitary cells and stimulated mRNA levels of fshr, lhr, arα, cyp11b2, and dmrt1 in testicular tissue. All these stimulatory effects of tUII on gene expression mentioned above were blocked by the non-selective UT antagonist urantide, suggesting for the first time that the actions of tUII were mediated via tUT1 or tUT2. In addition, tUII could significantly stimulate the secretion of testosterone by testis fragments. Taken together, these results suggest that tUII may play a role in reproductive regulation in male GIFT Nile tilapia.

尾侧神经分泌系统（CNSS）存在于所有有颌脊椎动物中，除了肉螯动物，被认为是尿紧张素II （UII）分泌的主要部位。ii是一种12个氨基酸的肽，具有保守的六肽环结构，也由其他组织分泌，存在于肉鞘中。ii与内分泌调节、渗透调节和一些病理生理条件有关。本研究分别从CNSS和小脑克隆了GIFT尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus） ii （tUII）及其受体UT1 （tUT1）和UT2 （tUT2）的CDS。系统发育分析表明，tUII、tUT1和tUT2与鲷鱼种、波顿单色鱼（Haplochromis burtoni）和布氏新虾（Neolamprologus brichardi）具有高度同源性。尽管前体肽序列存在差异，但成熟ii肽的核心序列仍然高度保守。tUII主要表达于CNSS，而tUT1和tUT2广泛分布于雌雄罗非鱼的中枢神经系统（CNS）和外周组织。功能研究显示，合成tUII可显著激活瞬时转染pNFAT-TA-Luc载体和tUT1或tUT2的HEK293T细胞的荧光素酶活性。对雄性GIFT尼罗罗非鱼的体外研究表明，tUII通过脑片段刺激gnrh1、gnrh2和gnrh3 mRNA的表达呈剂量依赖性，通过垂体细胞原代培养刺激fshβ、lhβ和gthα mRNA的表达。此外，tUII可促进垂体细胞中gnrhr1、gnrhr2和gnrhr3的表达，并刺激睾丸组织中fshr、lhr、arα、cyp11b2和dmrt1的mRNA水平。上述tUII对基因表达的刺激作用均被非选择性UT拮抗剂urantide阻断，首次提示tUII的作用是通过tUT1或tUT2介导的。此外，tUII可显著刺激睾丸碎片分泌睾酮。综上所述，这些结果表明，tUII可能在雄性GIFT尼罗罗非鱼的生殖调节中发挥作用。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of stress on profiles of fecal glucocorticoid and androgen metabolites and antler status in marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) 应激对沼泽鹿（Blastocerus dichotomus）粪便糖皮质激素和雄激素代谢谱及鹿角状态的影响

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

General and comparative endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114719

Laís Jaqueline de Souza , Eveline dos Santos Zanetti , José Maurício Barbanti Duarte

The influence of glucocorticoids on reproductive hormones and antler cycles in cervids remains poorly understood, particularly in tropical species. Most Neotropical deer, like the marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus), lack a defined breeding season or a clear link between antler stage and reproductive status. Furthermore, conflicting data regarding stress impacts on androgen levels and antler development underscore the need for further research. We evaluated the effects of stress on fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs), fecal androgen metabolites (FAMs) and antler status in captive marsh deer. Nineteen males underwent a quarantine after being transferred to a new breeding site, with antler status monitored weekly. Daily fecal samples from 17 individuals were analyzed using EIA to measure FAM and FGM concentrations. Among 12 animals with fully developed antlers, nearly 60 % (n = 7) experienced antler casting, an unusual synchrony for this species. A positive correlation was found between FAM and FGM levels (p < 0.001; r = 0.40). We compared FAM and FGM levels between juveniles and adults, as well as among the antler categories. Adults exhibited 1.2-fold higher FGM levels than juveniles, with no differences in FAM levels. Males with hard antlers showed the highest FAM levels, while FGM levels were highest in males with velvet antlers. We hypothesize that intense stress negatively affected antler retention, leading to antler casting. Our findings suggest that stressful stimuli may trigger adrenal secretion of glucocorticoids and androgens, providing insights into the relationship between stress and antler dynamics in marsh deer.

糖皮质激素对鹿群中生殖激素和鹿角周期的影响仍然知之甚少，特别是在热带物种中。大多数新热带鹿，如沼泽鹿（Blastocerus dichotomus），缺乏明确的繁殖季节或鹿角阶段与生殖状态之间的明确联系。此外，关于应激对雄激素水平和鹿角发育影响的相互矛盾的数据强调了进一步研究的必要性。我们评估了应激对圈养沼泽鹿粪便糖皮质激素代谢物（fgm）、粪便雄激素代谢物（FAMs）和鹿角状态的影响。19只雄性在转移到新的繁殖地点后进行了隔离，每周监测鹿角状况。使用EIA分析了来自17个个体的每日粪便样本，以测量FAM和FGM浓度。在12只鹿角发育完全的动物中，近60% % （n = 7）经历了鹿角铸造，这在该物种中是不寻常的同步现象。FAM与女性生殖器切割水平呈正相关(p

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引用次数: 0

Coordinated regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–somatotropic axis in Chinese sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) under temperature and salinity changes 温度和盐度变化对中国黑鲈下丘脑-垂体-体促轴的协调调节

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

General and comparative endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114717

Tianyu Zhou , Juyan Li , Junyu Chen , Wei Lu , Lingqun Zhang , Jie Cheng

Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Somatotropic (HPS) axis contains essential endocrine factors and plays diverse roles in the growth of teleost living in dynamic aquatic environments. In this study, 43 HPS axis genes were characterized in Chinese sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus), the economically important marine fish highly adaptable to a wide range of temperatures and salinities. The phylogeny, conserved domain, molecular evolution and expression of L. maculatus HPS axis genes revealed their evolutionary conservation, with examples of functional divergence in duplication-originated genes (sst1a/1b, igf1ra/1rb). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) among L. maculatus tissues revealed strong co-expression of HPS genes (ssts, igf1rs, igfbps) in brains than in livers and muscles, interacting with feeding (cartpt, negr1), metabolism (grik3, drd4), and growth (apba1) functional genes. Under temperature changes, L. maculatus HPS genes were more actively regulated in brains than in livers and muscles, with the hypothalamic and pituitary HPS genes mainly regulated in brains, whereas the peripheral HPS genes were regulated in livers and muscles. WGCNA revealed that HPS axis mainly interacted with stress and feeding activity in brains of L. maculatus under temperature stress, while it interacted with metabolism and growth activity in livers and muscles. Similar co-expression of HPS genes (sstrs, igf1rbs, igfbps) were with feeding (pik3r4), metabolism (mrps, ndufa12) and growth (sulf2, peli3, apod) functions in brains, indicating that HPS axis could regulate growth through coordinated mediation of the food-intake and energy metabolism in L. maculatus under environmental stress. Our results provided comprehensive understanding about the L. maculatus HPS axis responding to environmental stimuli, which are crucial for the growth regulation and will provide important insights into fast-growing L. maculatus cultivation.

下丘脑-垂体-躯体促生长性（HPS）轴包含重要的内分泌因子，在动态水生环境中硬骨鱼的生长中起着多种作用。本研究对中国黑鲈（Lateolabrax maculatus）的43个HPS轴基因进行了鉴定。中国黑鲈是一种对广泛温度和盐度具有高度适应性的重要经济鱼类。以重复起源基因（sst1a/1b、igf1ra/1rb）为例，通过系统发育、保守域、分子进化和表达揭示了它们的进化保守性。加权基因共表达网络分析（WGCNA）显示，HPS基因（ssts、igf1rs、igfbps）在脑中的共表达强于肝脏和肌肉，并与摄食（cartt、negr1）、代谢（grik3、drd4）和生长（apba1）功能基因相互作用。温度变化下，斑状乳杆菌HPS基因在大脑中的调控比在肝脏和肌肉中的调控更为活跃，下丘脑和垂体HPS基因主要在大脑中调控，而外周HPS基因在肝脏和肌肉中调控。WGCNA结果显示，温度胁迫下，HPS轴主要与斑马鱼大脑的应激和摄食活动相互作用，同时与肝脏和肌肉的代谢和生长活动相互作用。HPS基因（sstrs、igf1rbs、igfbps）与取食（pik3r4）、代谢（mrps、ndufa12）和生长（sulf2、peli3、apod）功能在脑内的共表达相似，说明HPS轴在环境胁迫下可以通过协调调解食入和能量代谢来调节斑状螺旋藻的生长。本研究结果全面揭示了斑马草HPS轴对环境刺激的响应，这对斑马草生长调控至关重要，为快速生长的斑马草栽培提供了重要依据。

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引用次数: 0

Light/darkness modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in the plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus, a seasonal breeding species 季节性繁殖种草原大绒猴下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴的光/暗调节

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

General and comparative endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114714

Santiago Elías Charif , Pablo Ignacio Felipe Inserra , Federico Martín Villarreal , Alejandro Raúl Schmidt , Santiago Andrés Cortasa , Sofía Proietto , María Clara Corso , Micaela Inés Llanos Dumont , Noelia Paula Di Giorgio , Julia Halperin , Alfredo Daniel Vitullo , Verónica Berta Dorfman

Photoperiod is the main environmental signal that affects animal behavior and reproduction. Light stimulus is traduced by a neural pathway that modulates pineal gland melatonin release, which synchronizes physiologic functions with day duration, highly influencing seasonal reproduction. The plains vizcacha (Lagostomus maximus) is a Hystricomorph rodent with seasonal reproduction that inhabits the Neotropic in South America. The aim of this work was to elucidate the effect of light/darkness exposition on the reproductive hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis in the female plains vizcacha. During 15 days, animals were subjected to different light/darkness regimens (Control group, CTL: 12:12 h dark:light; Darkness group, DARK: continuous darkness; Light group, LIGHT: continuous light). The melatoninergic system and reproductive hormones were evaluated. Plasma melatonin levels significantly decreased in DARK whereas both melatonin receptors (MT₁ and MT₂) expression significantly increased in the hypothalamus and decreased in the pituitary gland, and only MT₁ expression increased in the ovaries. Continuous light did not induce significant variations in melatonin levels related to CTL, however, MTs expression changed at pituitary and ovary levels. Strikingly, both light/darkness regimens increased reproductive hormone expression. While darkness induced hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) expression and estradiol (E₂) secretion, light increased LH and progesterone (P₄) secretion. In conclusion, light availability may impact the reproductive axis of plains vizcacha inducing hormonal changes, with an organ-specific response, and sustaining HPO axis activity, thus ensuring reproduction. Environmental light and darkness, their availability and exposure length, could synchronize the reproductive axis in seasonal breeding species like the plains vizcacha.

New & Noteworthy: Hypothalamic, pituitary, and ovarian variations were induced by continuous light or darkness in the plains vizcacha. Plasma melatonin decreased by continuous darkness-inducing hypothalamic, pituitary, and ovarian melatonin receptors variations. Fifteen days of continuous darkness induced GnRH, LH, and estradiol secretion, while 15 days of continuous light induced LH and P₄ secretion. Environmental light/darkness would synchronize the reproductive axis in seasonal breeding species like the plains vizcacha.

光周期是影响动物行为和繁殖的主要环境信号。光刺激通过调节松果体褪黑激素释放的神经通路进行传导，使生理功能与白昼时间同步，高度影响季节性繁殖。平原大鼠（Lagostomus maximus）是一种季节性繁殖的不规则形啮齿动物，栖息在南美洲的新嗜性动物中。摘要本研究旨在探讨光照/黑暗暴露对雌性维扎卡沙平原下丘脑-垂体-卵巢（HPO）生殖轴的影响。在15天内，动物接受不同的光/暗方案(对照组，CTL: 12:12 h暗：光；黑暗组，DARK：连续的黑暗；光组（Light：连续光）。评估褪黑激素系统和生殖激素。血浆褪黑激素水平在DARK中显著降低，而褪黑激素受体（MT1和MT2）在下丘脑中表达显著升高，在垂体中表达显著降低，只有MT1在卵巢中表达升高。连续光照没有引起与CTL相关的褪黑激素水平的显著变化，但在垂体和卵巢水平上，mt的表达发生了变化。引人注目的是，光照/黑暗方案都增加了生殖激素的表达。黑暗诱导下丘脑促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）表达和雌二醇（E2）分泌，光照增加黄体生成素（LH）和孕酮（P4）分泌。综上所述，光的利用可能影响维兹卡沙平原的生殖轴，引起激素的变化，并产生器官特异性反应，维持HPO轴的活性，从而保证繁殖。环境的光照和黑暗、光照的可用性和暴露时间可以同步季节性繁殖物种的生殖轴。新,值得注意的是：下丘脑、垂体和卵巢的变化是由连续的光照或黑暗引起的。血浆褪黑激素减少持续黑暗诱导下丘脑，垂体和卵巢褪黑激素受体的变化。连续黑暗15天诱导GnRH、LH和雌二醇分泌，连续光照15天诱导LH和P4分泌。环境的光/暗会同步季节性繁殖物种的生殖轴，如平原维扎卡。

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引用次数: 0

Identification and expression of nuclear receptor genes during nutritive phagocyte development in sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus gonads 海胆生殖腺营养吞噬细胞发育过程中核受体基因的鉴定与表达

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

General and comparative endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114715

Kazuhiro Ura , Shiori Tsue , Takushi Sato , Seishi Hagihara , Mizuha Satoh , Ichiro Higuchi , Heng Wang , Osamu Nishimiya , Shigeho Ijiri , Yasuaki Takagi

The role of the endocrine system during synthesis of the nutrients (e.g., proteins, lipids, polysaccharides) in the gonad in sea urchins is imperfectly understood. We identify genes encoding nuclear receptors (NRs) involved in the development of nutritive phagocytes of the sea urchin Mesocentrotus nudus, and investigate their gene expression patterns during this time. RNA-seq analysis was performed on immature gonads using a next-generation sequencer. A total of 7,651,421 quality-controlled reads obtained using an Ion PGM sequencer were assembled into 175,092 contigs. BLASTn analysis identified 20 NR genes potentially involved in the development of nutritive phagocytes. Expression analyses revealed levels of four NR genes to increase during the development of nutritive phagocytes. These results indicate that these 20 NR genes have physiological functions in gonadal growth, and that 4 NR genes mainly control the expression of genes involved in the synthesis and metabolism of proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides during cellular proliferation in sea urchin gonads.

在海胆的生殖腺中，内分泌系统在营养物质（如蛋白质、脂质、多糖）合成过程中的作用尚不完全清楚。我们鉴定了参与海胆（mesocentrrotus nudus）营养吞噬细胞发育的核受体（NRs）编码基因，并研究了它们在此期间的基因表达模式。使用下一代测序仪对未成熟性腺进行RNA-seq分析。使用Ion PGM测序仪获得的总共7,651,421个质量控制reads被组装成175,092个contigs。BLASTn分析鉴定出20个NR基因可能参与营养性吞噬细胞的发育。表达分析显示，在营养性吞噬细胞发育过程中，4种NR基因的表达水平升高。上述结果表明，这20个NR基因在海胆性腺生长过程中具有生理功能，其中4个NR基因主要控制海胆性腺细胞增殖过程中蛋白质、脂质和多糖合成代谢相关基因的表达。

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引用次数: 0

Identification and characterization of neuropeptides in sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius 海胆中粗圆菌神经肽的鉴定与表征。

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

General and comparative endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-03-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114716

Qianqian Li , Meiwei Zhang , Kun Liu , Mengqiang Yuan , Weizhong Wang , Dong Xu , Deyang Tian , Xiaotong Wang

Neuropeptides play essential roles in regulation of feeding, reproduction and behavior in echinoderms. But the neuropeptide function has not been explored extensively in sea urchins. The tube feet contain part of the peripheral nervous system in echinoids, comprising both neurosensory and neuromuscular components. In this study, we sequenced transcriptome of Strongylocentrotus intermedius tube feet and identified 26 neuropeptide precursor transcripts, including ANpeptide, bursicons, calcitonin, corazonin, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), glycoprotein-type hormones (GPA & GPB), insulin-related peptides (dilp7 & octinsulin), luqin, NGFFFamide, prolactin-releasing peptide/short neuropeptide F (PrRP/sNPF), orexin, pedal peptides, SALMFamides, somatostatin/allatostatin-C (SS1 & SS2), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), and vasopressin-oxytocin. In addition, we further compared the expression levels of neuropeptide precursors between red and white tube feet, and found 3 neuropeptides (bursicon β, octinsulin and luqin) had higher expression in red tube feet, potentially related to pigmentation or other pigment-related functions. We also observed ultrastructure of tube feet by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and found large amount of muscle fibers, nerve plexus and vesicles in tube feet. Neuropeptides might play roles in these structures of tube feet. Our study represents the first identification of neuropeptides in tube feet of S. intermedius, and will contribute to a complete understanding on the roles of various neuropeptides in sea urchin echinoderms.

神经肽在棘皮动物的摄食、繁殖和行为调节中起着重要作用。但神经肽在海胆中的作用尚未得到广泛的研究。管足包含部分棘突动物的周围神经系统，包括神经感觉和神经肌肉成分。在本研究中，我们对中间强梭菌管足的转录组进行了测序，鉴定出26个神经肽前体转录物，包括ANpeptide、bursicons、降钙素、corazonin、促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）、糖蛋白型激素（GPA和GPB）、胰岛素相关肽（dilp7和octinsulin）、luqin、NGFFFamide、催乳素释放肽/短神经肽F （PrRP/sNPF）、食欲素、踏板肽、SALMFamides、生长抑素/allatostatin-C （SS1和SS2）、促甲状腺激素释放激素（TRH）和抗利尿激素-催产素。此外，我们进一步比较了红色管足和白色管足之间神经肽前体的表达水平，发现3种神经肽（法氏囊β、octinsulin和luqin）在红色管足中表达更高，可能与色素沉积或其他色素相关功能有关。透射电镜观察了管足的超微结构，发现管足内有大量的肌纤维、神经丛和囊泡。神经肽可能在管足的这些结构中起作用。本研究首次鉴定了中间海胆管足中的神经肽，将有助于全面了解各种神经肽在海胆棘皮动物中的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Temperature modulates 17β-estradiol regulation of oogenesis protein expression in the liver of the eurythermal pupfish Cyprinodon nevadensis 温度调节17β-雌二醇对广温鱼肝脏产卵蛋白表达的调节

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

General and comparative endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-03-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114707

Sean C. Lema, Kseniya A. Krayeva, Zoey A. Dale, Teresa E. Guerre

Female fish experiencing atypically high or prolonged elevations in temperature during oogenesis can suffer impaired oocyte development with fewer or smaller eggs, eggs with reduced yolk content or thinner envelopes, and lower egg viability. These changes in oocyte quality and quantity are in part caused by diminished liver synthesis of egg yolk (vitellogenin, Vtg) and egg envelope (choriogenin) proteins at anomalously high temperatures. Those declines in liver Vtg and choriogenin production are commonly paralleled by reduced blood concentrations of 17β-estradiol (E₂). However, it is unclear whether declines in liver vitellogenin and choriogenin production at elevated temperatures result solely from lower circulating E₂ or if other aspects of E₂ signaling are also altered to diminish liver synthesis of oogenesis proteins. In this study, adult female Amargosa River pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae), a species with asynchronous follicular development, were maintained at 20 °C, 28 °C, or 36 °C and then administered E₂ or vehicle solution. Ovarian gonadosomatic index (GSI) values and plasma E₂ were lower in females at 36 °C compared to those at cooler temperatures. Females at 36 °C also had reduced plasma Vtg protein, lower liver abundances for mRNAs encoding vitellogenin genes (vtgAa, vtgAb, vtgc), choriogenin genes (cgh, cghm, cgl), and estrogen receptor α (esr1). Supplemental E₂ increased plasma E₂ in females at all temperatures, but only upregulated liver vitellogenin and choriogenin mRNAs at 36 °C, despite E₂ upregulation of hepatic esr1 receptor transcripts at all temperatures. Females at 36 °C also exhibited higher liver mRNA abundances for sex hormone-binding globulin (shbg) and cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 (cyp1a1), an estrogen-metabolizing monooxygenase enzyme that converts E₂ to 2-hydroxyestradiol. Together, these findings indicate elevated temperatures diminish E₂ stimulation of liver Vtg and choriogenin expression in pupfish via effects on several aspects of E₂ signaling including circulating E₂ concentrations and liver esr1 expression as well as shbg and cyp1a1 expression, which may result in changes to free:bound E₂ and the rate of hepatic E₂ inactivation. These results also demonstrate that E₂ replacement can help compensate for high temperature-induced declines in hepatic oogenesis gene expression in female pupfish.

雌鱼在卵子生成过程中，如果温度异常升高或持续时间过长，会导致卵母细胞发育受损，卵子数量减少或变小，卵黄含量降低或包膜变薄，卵子活力降低。卵母细胞质量和数量发生这些变化的部分原因是，在异常高温条件下，肝脏合成的卵黄蛋白（卵黄素，Vtg）和卵包膜蛋白（绒毛膜促性腺激素）减少。肝脏 Vtg 和绒毛膜促性腺激素产量的下降通常与血液中 17β-雌二醇（E2）浓度的降低同时发生。然而，目前还不清楚在高温条件下肝脏卵黄原素和绒毛膜促性腺激素产量的下降是否仅仅是由于循环中的 E2 降低所致，还是 E2 信号的其他方面也发生了改变，从而减少了肝脏对卵生成蛋白的合成。在这项研究中，将卵泡发育不同步的成年雌性阿玛戈萨河幼鱼（Cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae）分别饲养在 20 °C、28 °C或 36 °C，然后给它们注射 E2 或车辆溶液。与温度较低的雌性相比，36 °C下雌性的卵巢性腺指数（GSI）值和血浆E2都较低。36 °C雌鼠的血浆Vtg蛋白含量也有所降低，肝脏中编码卵黄素基因（vtgAa、vtgAb、vtgc）、绒毛膜促性腺激素基因（cgh、cghm、cgl）和雌激素受体α（esr1）的mRNA丰度也较低。补充 E2 增加了所有温度下雌性的血浆 E2，但只上调了 36 °C下肝脏的卵黄原素和绒毛原素 mRNA，尽管 E2 上调了所有温度下肝脏 esr1 受体的转录物。36 °C下的雌性动物肝脏中性激素结合球蛋白（shbg）和细胞色素P450家族1亚家族A成员1（cyp1a1）的mRNA丰度也较高，细胞色素P450家族1亚家族A成员1是一种雌激素代谢单氧化酶，可将E2转化为2-羟基雌二醇。这些研究结果表明，温度升高会影响 E2 信号的多个方面，包括循环 E2 浓度、肝脏 esr1 表达以及 shbg 和 cyp1a1 表达，从而减少 E2 对幼鱼肝脏 Vtg 和绒毛膜促性腺激素表达的刺激，这可能会导致游离：结合 E2 的变化以及肝脏 E2 失活的速度。这些结果还表明，E2替代物有助于补偿高温引起的雌性幼鱼肝脏卵子生成基因表达的下降。

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引用次数: 0

Post-lactation mass recovery and metabolic hormone dynamics in adult female Weddell seals 成年雌威德尔海豹泌乳后质量恢复和代谢激素动态。

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q3 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

General and comparative endocrinology

Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2025.114706

Amy L. Kirkham , Julie P. Avery , Roxanne S. Beltran , Jennifer M. Burns

Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) females lose substantial body mass across an intensive, nutritionally restricted lactation period and then must rapidly recover mass during the short Antarctic summer. In this study, we examined endocrine dynamics associated with mass loss across lactation and subsequent realimentation in Weddell seals, comparing patterns between seals that recently gave birth and demographically similar non-reproductive females (skip females) in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Postpartum seals near weaning (∼35 days postpartum, n = 64) and skip females (n = 32) were handled during early austral summer (November/December) and rehandled in late summer (January/February). Body mass, body composition (% lipid), and a suite of metabolic hormones (growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, cortisol, total thyroxine (tT₄), free thyroxine (fT₄), and total triiodothyronine (tT₃) and IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-2 and −3) were measured. Postpartum seals gained mass after weaning (0.98 ± 0.56 kg·day⁻¹ (mean ± SD)), primarily as lean tissue rather than lipid, while their serum concentrations of tT₄ and fT₄, IGF-I, and cortisol increased. Their circulating GH and IGFBP-2 concentrations decreased and correlated negatively with mass. Skip females had greater body masses and lipid stores than postpartum seals at the end of the lactation period in early summer, but they lost mass (−1.03 ± 0.35 kg·day⁻¹) and lipid stores over summer while their serum cortisol concentrations increased. Overall, body mass and composition of postpartum and skip females converged across summer. This convergence, likely driven in large part by contrasting endocrine profiles between the groups, may allow female Weddell seals to reach an advantageous seasonal body mass “set point” by onset of winter.

威德尔海豹（Leptonychotes weddellii）雌性在密集的、营养受限的哺乳期会失去大量的体重，然后必须在南极短暂的夏季迅速恢复体重。在这项研究中，我们研究了威德尔海豹在哺乳期间和随后的实现中与质量损失相关的内分泌动力学，比较了南极洲麦克默多湾最近分娩的海豹和人口统计学上相似的非生殖雌性海豹（略过雌性）之间的模式。在南部初夏（11月/ 12月）处理接近断奶的产后海豹（产后~ 35 天，n = 64）和跳跃性雌海豹（n = 32），并在夏末（1月/ 2月）重新处理。测量体重、体成分（%脂质）和一组代谢激素(生长激素（GH）、胰岛素样生长因子（IGF)- 1、皮质醇、总甲状腺素（tT4）、游离甲状腺素（fT4）、总三碘甲状腺原氨酸（tT3）和IGF结合蛋白(IGFBP)-2和-3）。产后海豹在断奶后体重增加（0.98 ± 0.56 kg·day-1（平均 ± SD）），主要是瘦肉组织而不是脂质，同时血清中tT4和fT4、IGF-I和皮质醇浓度升高。循环GH和IGFBP-2浓度下降，且与质量呈负相关。初夏哺乳期结束时，雌跳鸡的体重和脂质储存高于产后海豹，但随着夏末雌跳鸡的血清皮质醇浓度升高，雌跳鸡的体重和脂质储存下降（-1.03 ± 0.35 kg·d -1）。总体而言，产后和跳跃性雌性的体重和组成在整个夏季趋于一致。这种趋同在很大程度上可能是由不同种群之间的内分泌特征差异所驱动的，这可能使雌性威德尔海豹在冬季到来时达到一个有利的季节性体重“设定点”。

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引用次数: 0