Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.36586/jcl.2.2024.0.50.0169
Ghasem azizi morad, R. M. .. J. A. Al Attabi, Fatemeh Sadat hosseini
Now days many researches are done in the field of humanities related to comparative literature which will open new windows in the category of criticism. the present study deals with the comparative study of the concept of love , which is one of the most mysterious concepts in literature world , in the poetry of the 7th century poet saadi shirazi and the contemporary Syrian romance nazar qabbani.in the order to increase the accuracy of the research on the concept of love from the aspect of antiquity, purity or sensuality, entering in terms of social issues, its role in human excellence, its inaccessibility and the circle of inclusion, it was examined how these two poets view the concept of love in terms of the six indicators mentioned. The author of these research came to the conclusion that despite the time and cultural difference between saadi shirazi and nazar qabbani . their view of love is similar , which is an eternal concept, innocently inaccessible , universal and as a factor to deal with todays issues of community and human connection to the world have meaning. چکیده بررسی موتیف به عنوان یک استراتژی تحلیل و تجزیه اثر هنری در مطالعات نقد ادبی رواج دارد که پژوهش در این زمینه منجر به شناخت سطوح متفاوت اندیشه و جنبه‌های ساختاری و محتوایی اثر هنری میشود. امروزه پژوهش‌های بسیاری در حیطه‌ی علوم انسانی در حوزه‌ی ادبیات تطبیقی صورت می‌پذیرد که موجب گشوده شدن پنجره‌های جدیدی در مقوله‌ی نقد ادبی خواهد شد. پژوهش حاضر با روش تحلیل محتوا به بررسی تطبیقی مفهوم عشق که یکی از پررمز و رازترین مفاهیم در ادبیات جهان است در شعر سعدی شیرازی شاعر قرن هفتم و نزار قبانی عاشقانه‌‌سرای معاصر سوری میپردازد. سعدی و نزار قبانی از لحاظ زمانی هم عصر نبوده‌اند اما موضوع موتیف عشق یکی از مهمترین مباحث اثر هنری آنها به شمار می‌آید و در واقع این موتیف هسته مرکزی و وجه غالب مشترک آثار این دو شاعر است. به همین جهت آنها به عنوان مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. به منظور افزایش دقت پژوهش مفهوم عشق از جنبه‌ی قدمت، پاک یا شهوانی بودن، ورود به حیطه‌ی مسائل اجتماعی، نقش آن در تعالی انسان، صعب الوصول بودن و دایره‌ی شمول مورد بررسی قرار گرفت که نگاه این دو شاعر به مفهوم عشق به لحاظ شش شاخصه‌ی مذکور چگونه است. از رهگذار این پژوهش این نتیجه حاصل گردید که با وجود اختلاف زمانی و فرهنگی بین سعدی شیرازی و نزارقبانی نگاه آن دو به عشق نگاهی مشابه است که آن را مفهومی ابدی، معصومانه، صعب الوصول، جهان‌شمول و به منزله‌ی عاملی برای پرداختن به مسائل روز اجتماع و اتصال انسان به عالم معنا می‌دانند.
{"title":"A comparative study of the motif of love in the poems of Nizar Qabbani and Saadi Shirazi","authors":"Ghasem azizi morad, R. M. .. J. A. Al Attabi, Fatemeh Sadat hosseini","doi":"10.36586/jcl.2.2024.0.50.0169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2024.0.50.0169","url":null,"abstract":"Now days many researches are done in the field of humanities related to comparative literature which will open new windows in the category of criticism. the present study deals with the comparative study of the concept of love , which is one of the most mysterious concepts in literature world , in the poetry of the 7th century poet saadi shirazi and the contemporary Syrian romance nazar qabbani.in the order to increase the accuracy of the research on the concept of love from the aspect of antiquity, purity or sensuality, entering in terms of social issues, its role in human excellence, its inaccessibility and the circle of inclusion, it was examined how these two poets view the concept of love in terms of the six indicators mentioned. The author of these research came to the conclusion that despite the time and cultural difference between saadi shirazi and nazar qabbani . their view of love is similar , which is an eternal concept, innocently inaccessible , universal and as a factor to deal with todays issues of community and human connection to the world have meaning. چکیده بررسی موتیف به عنوان یک استراتژی تحلیل و تجزیه اثر هنری در مطالعات نقد ادبی رواج دارد که پژوهش در این زمینه منجر به شناخت سطوح متفاوت اندیشه و جنبه‌های ساختاری و محتوایی اثر هنری میشود. امروزه پژوهش‌های بسیاری در حیطه‌ی علوم انسانی در حوزه‌ی ادبیات تطبیقی صورت می‌پذیرد که موجب گشوده شدن پنجره‌های جدیدی در مقوله‌ی نقد ادبی خواهد شد. پژوهش حاضر با روش تحلیل محتوا به بررسی تطبیقی مفهوم عشق که یکی از پررمز و رازترین مفاهیم در ادبیات جهان است در شعر سعدی شیرازی شاعر قرن هفتم و نزار قبانی عاشقانه‌‌سرای معاصر سوری میپردازد. سعدی و نزار قبانی از لحاظ زمانی هم عصر نبوده‌اند اما موضوع موتیف عشق یکی از مهمترین مباحث اثر هنری آنها به شمار می‌آید و در واقع این موتیف هسته مرکزی و وجه غالب مشترک آثار این دو شاعر است. به همین جهت آنها به عنوان مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. به منظور افزایش دقت پژوهش مفهوم عشق از جنبه‌ی قدمت، پاک یا شهوانی بودن، ورود به حیطه‌ی مسائل اجتماعی، نقش آن در تعالی انسان، صعب الوصول بودن و دایره‌ی شمول مورد بررسی قرار گرفت که نگاه این دو شاعر به مفهوم عشق به لحاظ شش شاخصه‌ی مذکور چگونه است. از رهگذار این پژوهش این نتیجه حاصل گردید که با وجود اختلاف زمانی و فرهنگی بین سعدی شیرازی و نزارقبانی نگاه آن دو به عشق نگاهی مشابه است که آن را مفهومی ابدی، معصومانه، صعب الوصول، جهان‌شمول و به منزله‌ی عاملی برای پرداختن به مسائل روز اجتماع و اتصال انسان به عالم معنا می‌دانند.","PeriodicalId":125897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the College of languages","volume":"7 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141397085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-02DOI: 10.36586/jcl.2.2024.0.49.0083
Abeer Hussein Abid
The article analyzes the neologisms that arose in the Iraqi dialect after the 2003 US-British invasion and the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime, according to the theory I advocate: "The Basic Outline of Reference," a developed theory of Arab legacy and cognitive theory, which came out in 1987 in America, so we have used the terminology of cognitive grammar. In this theory it is stated that the reference is the interaction between four components: perception, imagination, imaginative comprehension and the linguistic sign or symbolization (the neological word in this article), which are closely related, so that none of them can be lacking, because they constitute a holistic whole that belongs to a deeper level. Let us see how the speakers of Iraq, after the invasion of 2003, imagine the world according to their views, that is, their collective imaginative comprehension. This theory is going to be in the future the basis of a modern holistic linguistics which is very different from traditional linguistics. Resumen El articulo analiza los neologismos surgidos en el dialecto iraquí tras la invasión estadounidense-británica de 2003 y la caída del régimen de Saddam Hussein, Desde la perspectiva de “El esquema básico de la referencia”, teoría que aúna el legado de la tradición lingüística árabe y la teoría cognitiva desarrollada a partir de los primeros años 80 en EEUU, por ello que adoptemos la terminología de la gramática cognitiva. En esta teoría se considera que la referencia es la interacción entre cuatro componentes: la percepción, la imaginación, la comprensión imaginativa y el signo lingüístico o simbolización (la palabra neológica en este artículo), que están íntimamente relacionados, de manera que no puede faltar ninguno de ellos, porque constituyen un todo holístico que pertenece a otro nivel más profundo. Vamos a ver como los hablantes de Irak, tras la invasión de 2003, imaginan el mundo según sus puntos de vista, es decir, su comprensión imaginativa colectiva. Esta teoría pretende fundamentar las bases de una lingüística holística diferente de la tradicional lingüística.
{"title":"The neology in the Iraqi dialect after the invasion of 2003 and the level of imaginative comprehension","authors":"Abeer Hussein Abid","doi":"10.36586/jcl.2.2024.0.49.0083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2024.0.49.0083","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the neologisms that arose in the Iraqi dialect after the 2003 US-British invasion and the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime, according to the theory I advocate: \"The Basic Outline of Reference,\" a developed theory of Arab legacy and cognitive theory, which came out in 1987 in America, so we have used the terminology of cognitive grammar. In this theory it is stated that the reference is the interaction between four components: perception, imagination, imaginative comprehension and the linguistic sign or symbolization (the neological word in this article), which are closely related, so that none of them can be lacking, because they constitute a holistic whole that belongs to a deeper level. Let us see how the speakers of Iraq, after the invasion of 2003, imagine the world according to their views, that is, their collective imaginative comprehension. This theory is going to be in the future the basis of a modern holistic linguistics which is very different from traditional linguistics. Resumen El articulo analiza los neologismos surgidos en el dialecto iraquí tras la invasión estadounidense-británica de 2003 y la caída del régimen de Saddam Hussein, Desde la perspectiva de “El esquema básico de la referencia”, teoría que aúna el legado de la tradición lingüística árabe y la teoría cognitiva desarrollada a partir de los primeros años 80 en EEUU, por ello que adoptemos la terminología de la gramática cognitiva. En esta teoría se considera que la referencia es la interacción entre cuatro componentes: la percepción, la imaginación, la comprensión imaginativa y el signo lingüístico o simbolización (la palabra neológica en este artículo), que están íntimamente relacionados, de manera que no puede faltar ninguno de ellos, porque constituyen un todo holístico que pertenece a otro nivel más profundo. Vamos a ver como los hablantes de Irak, tras la invasión de 2003, imaginan el mundo según sus puntos de vista, es decir, su comprensión imaginativa colectiva. Esta teoría pretende fundamentar las bases de una lingüística holística diferente de la tradicional lingüística.","PeriodicalId":125897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the College of languages","volume":"18 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139452094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-02DOI: 10.36586/jcl.2.2024.0.49.0001
Abbas Mohammed Hussein, A. H. Al-Saidi
Poetry is regarded an interesting area of inquiry in linguistic studies due to its eccentric and aesthetic use of language. A lot of studies have been carried out so far for the analysis of poetry, yet few have dealt with pastoral poetry. The present research attempts to investigate the language of pastoral poetry in two different languages i.e. English and Arabic with the aim of finding similarities and differences. The data of the study consists of one English and one Arabic pastoral poems. Leech and Short's (2007) checklist is used as a model for analysis. The findings of the study reveal that there are more similarities than differences between English and Arabic pastoral poems as the poems rely on contrast in the use of the lexical categories with differences in the distribution of these categories only.
{"title":"Contrast in Matthew Arnold’s The Scholar Gipsy and Kahlil Gibran’s Al-Mawakib: A Contrastive Stylistic Analysis","authors":"Abbas Mohammed Hussein, A. H. Al-Saidi","doi":"10.36586/jcl.2.2024.0.49.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2024.0.49.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Poetry is regarded an interesting area of inquiry in linguistic studies due to its eccentric and aesthetic use of language. A lot of studies have been carried out so far for the analysis of poetry, yet few have dealt with pastoral poetry. The present research attempts to investigate the language of pastoral poetry in two different languages i.e. English and Arabic with the aim of finding similarities and differences. The data of the study consists of one English and one Arabic pastoral poems. Leech and Short's (2007) checklist is used as a model for analysis. The findings of the study reveal that there are more similarities than differences between English and Arabic pastoral poems as the poems rely on contrast in the use of the lexical categories with differences in the distribution of these categories only.","PeriodicalId":125897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the College of languages","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139452882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-02DOI: 10.36586/jcl.2.2024.0.49.0037
Bahaa Najem Mahmood, Giuseppe Maugeri
This work intends to illustrate the methods of using the authentic literary text in the process of spreading Italian, especially in Baghdad where there is a strong propensity to learn the Italian language. The concept of the language that arises from literature is an idea closely linked to the mentality of the Arab learner towards Italian culture: an idea also created by the first Arabisations of literary texts in the early years of the previous century. The research was carried out in Baghdad by two researchers, an Italianist from Baghdad and an Italian mother language linguist, with the aim of bringing together the two sectors in favor of the diffusion of the Italian language. The study also aims to clarify the models from Italian literature most welcomed by those who study Italian in Iraq. In addition to making clear the conceptual phases of what is meant by a literary text in the process of dissemination of a language, and how to expand the literary canon by referring to the corpus of the language of the different genres of Italian literature. Il presente lavoro intende illustrare le modalità d’impiego del testo letterario autentico nel processo di diffusione dell’italiano, soprattutto a Baghdad dove si sta assistendo ad una forte propensione all’apprendimento della lingua italiana. Il concetto della lingua che nasce dalla letteratura è un’idea molto legata alla mentalità dell’apprendente arabo nei confronti della cultura italiana: idea creata anche dalle prime arabizzazioni dei testi letterari ai primi anni del secolo precedente. La ricerca è stata eseguita a Baghdad da due ricercatori, un italianista di Baghdad ed un linguista italiano, allo scopo di riunire i due settori a favore della diffusione della lingua italiana. Lo studio vorrà anche chiarire i modelli dalla letteratura italiana più accolti da chi studia l’italiano in Iraq. Oltre a rendere evidenti le fasi concettuali di che cosa si intende per testo letterario nella disseminazione di una lingua, e come ampliare il canone letterario facendo riferimento al corpus del linguaggio dei diversi generi della letteratura italiana.
{"title":"Diffusion of Italian language through literary texts","authors":"Bahaa Najem Mahmood, Giuseppe Maugeri","doi":"10.36586/jcl.2.2024.0.49.0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2024.0.49.0037","url":null,"abstract":"This work intends to illustrate the methods of using the authentic literary text in the process of spreading Italian, especially in Baghdad where there is a strong propensity to learn the Italian language. The concept of the language that arises from literature is an idea closely linked to the mentality of the Arab learner towards Italian culture: an idea also created by the first Arabisations of literary texts in the early years of the previous century. The research was carried out in Baghdad by two researchers, an Italianist from Baghdad and an Italian mother language linguist, with the aim of bringing together the two sectors in favor of the diffusion of the Italian language. The study also aims to clarify the models from Italian literature most welcomed by those who study Italian in Iraq. In addition to making clear the conceptual phases of what is meant by a literary text in the process of dissemination of a language, and how to expand the literary canon by referring to the corpus of the language of the different genres of Italian literature. Il presente lavoro intende illustrare le modalità d’impiego del testo letterario autentico nel processo di diffusione dell’italiano, soprattutto a Baghdad dove si sta assistendo ad una forte propensione all’apprendimento della lingua italiana. Il concetto della lingua che nasce dalla letteratura è un’idea molto legata alla mentalità dell’apprendente arabo nei confronti della cultura italiana: idea creata anche dalle prime arabizzazioni dei testi letterari ai primi anni del secolo precedente. La ricerca è stata eseguita a Baghdad da due ricercatori, un italianista di Baghdad ed un linguista italiano, allo scopo di riunire i due settori a favore della diffusione della lingua italiana. Lo studio vorrà anche chiarire i modelli dalla letteratura italiana più accolti da chi studia l’italiano in Iraq. Oltre a rendere evidenti le fasi concettuali di che cosa si intende per testo letterario nella disseminazione di una lingua, e come ampliare il canone letterario facendo riferimento al corpus del linguaggio dei diversi generi della letteratura italiana.","PeriodicalId":125897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the College of languages","volume":"136 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139452914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-02DOI: 10.36586/jcl.2.2024.0.49.0145
Ashwaq Mohammed Mutlag
This article is devoted to the cognitive study of ironic metonymy in Russian and Arabic. Metonymy and irony have traditionally been seen as parallel linguistic phenomena. But their formation and interpretation are based on different cognitive mechanisms. At the formal and functional level, metonymy and irony have a number of significant differences. Metonymy is an artistic technique, the mechanism of which is based on obvious, easily traced connections between objects and phenomena of the surrounding world. Irony is a satirical technique or a rhetorical figure that is used to create a certain artistic image, aimed at forming the hidden meaning of the statement. A native speaker intuitively feels the difference between metonymy and irony and expresses it in a linguistic form. Аннотация Данная статья посвящена когнитивному исследованию иронической метонимии в русском и арабском языках. Метонимия и ирония традиционно рассматривались как параллельные языковые явления. Но в основе их образования и интерпретации лежат разные когнитивные механизмы. На формальном и функциональном уровне метонимия и ирония имеют ряд существенных различий. Метонимия – художественный прием, в основе механизма которого лежат очевидные, легко прослеживаемые связи предметов и явлений окружающего мира. Ирония – сатирический прием либо риторическая фигура, которые используются для создания определенного художественного образа, направлены на формирование скрытого смысла высказывания. Носитель языка интуитивно чувствует разницу между метонимией и иронией и выражает ее в языковой форме. Имеют метонимия и ирония много общих характеристик с точки зрения семантики и коммуникативных свойств. Они представляют собой лингвистически двухслойные явления, в которых проявляется творческая функция языка.
{"title":"Ironic Metonymy in Russian and Arabic","authors":"Ashwaq Mohammed Mutlag","doi":"10.36586/jcl.2.2024.0.49.0145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2024.0.49.0145","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the cognitive study of ironic metonymy in Russian and Arabic. Metonymy and irony have traditionally been seen as parallel linguistic phenomena. But their formation and interpretation are based on different cognitive mechanisms. At the formal and functional level, metonymy and irony have a number of significant differences. Metonymy is an artistic technique, the mechanism of which is based on obvious, easily traced connections between objects and phenomena of the surrounding world. Irony is a satirical technique or a rhetorical figure that is used to create a certain artistic image, aimed at forming the hidden meaning of the statement. A native speaker intuitively feels the difference between metonymy and irony and expresses it in a linguistic form. Аннотация Данная статья посвящена когнитивному исследованию иронической метонимии в русском и арабском языках. Метонимия и ирония традиционно рассматривались как параллельные языковые явления. Но в основе их образования и интерпретации лежат разные когнитивные механизмы. На формальном и функциональном уровне метонимия и ирония имеют ряд существенных различий. Метонимия – художественный прием, в основе механизма которого лежат очевидные, легко прослеживаемые связи предметов и явлений окружающего мира. Ирония – сатирический прием либо риторическая фигура, которые используются для создания определенного художественного образа, направлены на формирование скрытого смысла высказывания. Носитель языка интуитивно чувствует разницу между метонимией и иронией и выражает ее в языковой форме. Имеют метонимия и ирония много общих характеристик с точки зрения семантики и коммуникативных свойств. Они представляют собой лингвистически двухслойные явления, в которых проявляется творческая функция языка.","PeriodicalId":125897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the College of languages","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139452686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-02DOI: 10.36586/jcl.2.2024.0.49.0135
Ayat Yusuf Saleh
Pushkin's quotations in Chekhov's works are one of the means of expressing connections between texts, performing the most important constructive role: behind them Chekhov reveals a deep development of the plot-thematic structure, ideas and, more broadly, Pushkin's artistic philosophy. The scientific relevance of our work is the analysis of the similarities between the literary texts of Pushkin and Chekhov, and touches on quotations in Chekhov's works. Аннотация Работа посвящена проблеме функционирования пушкинской традиции в прозе А.П. Чехова . Творчество Чехова занимает уникальное положение в русском литературном процессе конца XIX - начала XX вв. Чехов завершает развитие классической литературы и в то же время находится у истоков новой художественной эпохи, связанной с символистским искусством. Это обусловило глубокое усвоение писателем всех достижений предшествующего периода, «золотого века» русской литературы, и интерес к новому искусству XX века. Основное внимание в работе сосредоточено на итоговом характере освоения классической традиции.Исследователь указывает на органичную связь Чехова с классической литературной традицией, обозначая такие имена, как A.C. Пушкин.
{"title":"Pushkin quotes in the works of Chekhov","authors":"Ayat Yusuf Saleh","doi":"10.36586/jcl.2.2024.0.49.0135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2024.0.49.0135","url":null,"abstract":"Pushkin's quotations in Chekhov's works are one of the means of expressing connections between texts, performing the most important constructive role: behind them Chekhov reveals a deep development of the plot-thematic structure, ideas and, more broadly, Pushkin's artistic philosophy. The scientific relevance of our work is the analysis of the similarities between the literary texts of Pushkin and Chekhov, and touches on quotations in Chekhov's works. Аннотация Работа посвящена проблеме функционирования пушкинской традиции в прозе А.П. Чехова . Творчество Чехова занимает уникальное положение в русском литературном процессе конца XIX - начала XX вв. Чехов завершает развитие классической литературы и в то же время находится у истоков новой художественной эпохи, связанной с символистским искусством. Это обусловило глубокое усвоение писателем всех достижений предшествующего периода, «золотого века» русской литературы, и интерес к новому искусству XX века. Основное внимание в работе сосредоточено на итоговом характере освоения классической традиции.Исследователь указывает на органичную связь Чехова с классической литературной традицией, обозначая такие имена, как A.C. Пушкин.","PeriodicalId":125897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the College of languages","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139452870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-02DOI: 10.36586/jcl.2.2024.0.49.0059
Maher Hony Habib
The main idea that led me to write such research paper within the framework of Germanic linguistics is that I have not found any topic dealing with the term correlate in the German language, except in several articles in linguistic journals as well as one topic in a book describing the use of such a linguistic phenomenon in the language system. The research initially deals with the definition of the correlate at the level of the German language system. Correlate is unity describes specific relation of two sentences and identifies denoted constructs. Correlate is called a placeholder at the syntactic level because it does not occupy its original topological fields in the syntactic structure. The correlate (es) or the prepositional adverbs or adverbs can occur in the matrix clause, it is the second feature. The third categorical feature of the correlate is morphological, in that the correlate is inflexible and the last feature shows that the correlate does not confer case features on its syntactic environment, where the correlate possesses the matrix clause. The correlate can appear as the first part of the complex connector in the subordinate clause or the infinitive construction. The last feature refers to the fact that the correlate construction can be attributive in the complex sentence, whereby the sentence structure, which is the constituent of attributively formed correlate specifiers, is embedded. The research presents the conceptual content of the linguistic expression described by the correlate, functioning as a pro-element in the major premise and considered as a dentate. It is a matter of denotation of the correlate and deictic expressions. Furthermore, the present research sheds light on the obligatory and optional use of the correlate constructions in the German sentence. In German there are correlates when using certain verbs. In addition, certain linguistic constructions or expressions require correlates of both particles and prepositional adverbs. The reasons for this are contextual and communicative aspects. In relation to the contextual-communicative aspects such as verbs affect the connection with the correlate. She signals the connection through the grade particles. Compared to other verbs, the use of the correlate (es) is reduced. The reason for this is the appearance of degree particles as well, even, at most, only, only. This can be the case if the grading of the text passage does not focus on the extreme predicate, but rather on the infinitive construction or the subordinate clause. This was studied at work. Then it was examined how the correlate constructions occur with certain subjunctives by dividing them into two forms, namely attributive correlate constructions and left displacement constructions. If the correlate occurs before the subjunctive phrase, it is called an attributive correlate construction. This form is also called a correlate specifier. The subjunctive phrase has the function of being an attribute for the
{"title":"An excerpt on the analysis of correlate constructions","authors":"Maher Hony Habib","doi":"10.36586/jcl.2.2024.0.49.0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2024.0.49.0059","url":null,"abstract":"The main idea that led me to write such research paper within the framework of Germanic linguistics is that I have not found any topic dealing with the term correlate in the German language, except in several articles in linguistic journals as well as one topic in a book describing the use of such a linguistic phenomenon in the language system. The research initially deals with the definition of the correlate at the level of the German language system. Correlate is unity describes specific relation of two sentences and identifies denoted constructs. Correlate is called a placeholder at the syntactic level because it does not occupy its original topological fields in the syntactic structure. The correlate (es) or the prepositional adverbs or adverbs can occur in the matrix clause, it is the second feature. The third categorical feature of the correlate is morphological, in that the correlate is inflexible and the last feature shows that the correlate does not confer case features on its syntactic environment, where the correlate possesses the matrix clause. The correlate can appear as the first part of the complex connector in the subordinate clause or the infinitive construction. The last feature refers to the fact that the correlate construction can be attributive in the complex sentence, whereby the sentence structure, which is the constituent of attributively formed correlate specifiers, is embedded. The research presents the conceptual content of the linguistic expression described by the correlate, functioning as a pro-element in the major premise and considered as a dentate. It is a matter of denotation of the correlate and deictic expressions. Furthermore, the present research sheds light on the obligatory and optional use of the correlate constructions in the German sentence. In German there are correlates when using certain verbs. In addition, certain linguistic constructions or expressions require correlates of both particles and prepositional adverbs. The reasons for this are contextual and communicative aspects. In relation to the contextual-communicative aspects such as verbs affect the connection with the correlate. She signals the connection through the grade particles. Compared to other verbs, the use of the correlate (es) is reduced. The reason for this is the appearance of degree particles as well, even, at most, only, only. This can be the case if the grading of the text passage does not focus on the extreme predicate, but rather on the infinitive construction or the subordinate clause. This was studied at work. Then it was examined how the correlate constructions occur with certain subjunctives by dividing them into two forms, namely attributive correlate constructions and left displacement constructions. If the correlate occurs before the subjunctive phrase, it is called an attributive correlate construction. This form is also called a correlate specifier. The subjunctive phrase has the function of being an attribute for the ","PeriodicalId":125897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the College of languages","volume":"137 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139453222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-02DOI: 10.36586/jcl.2.2024.0.49.0023
A. Kitab
Pablo Neruda's artistic distinctiveness can be considered in two ideas or attitudes of romanticism. First, the imagination, which is the result of conduct and spirituality, and second, the individualism, which is a collection of mysterious mysteries from the texts of individuality based on philosophical sonnets. His collection of poems points out the ethereality and indescribability of life, employing the reality of life at the level of human perception in a symbolic language. In other words, Pablo Neruda recreates the meanings in poetry through the three ideas of reduction, interpretation, and analysis. "What is the essential connection between individualism and the symbolic language of Pablo Neruda's imagination and What are the reasons for this tendency to express symbolically in his poems?" are the main questions in this study. There is a dialectical relationship between these two components and the study of the dialectical relations between phenomena and the concepts of philosophical and historical origin has a long history. The dialectic of relationship detection is based on internal contradictions that arise with the philosophy of Socrates and Plato and conclude in Hegel's thought. In Pablo Neruda's poetry, the element of imagination moves from the social context, but eventually becomes something that has an individualistic character.
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Pub Date : 2024-01-02DOI: 10.36586/jcl.2.2024.0.49.0113
Ammar Odeh Jwair, Irina Sergeevna Klimas, Sergei Pavlovich Pravednikov
The paper deals with the language of Russian folklore. Folklore is a unique sphere of existence of the language, the most vivid expression of the national mentality. The folklore word embodied the perception and evaluation of the surrounding world. “What did the word in general mean for the life of the people? The word was equated ... with life itself. The word generated and explained life, it was ... the keeper of memory and the guarantee of the infinity of the future. The folklore text is studied by literary critics, ethnographers, historians, culturologists, and art historians. In the twentieth century, a new science emerged - linguo-folkloristics, the goals and objectives of which were formulated by A.T. Khrolenko only in the seventies. Some of the most frequently used words in folklore texts among other words such as "friend" were analyzed. It has been proven that some vocabulary spreads in one region over another, depending on the geographical and climatic environment. В работе рассматривается язык русского фольклора. Фольклор – это уникальная сфера существования языка, наиболее яркое выражение национальной ментальности. В фольклорном слове воплотились восприятие и оценка окружающего мира. «Что значило для народной жизни слово вообще? Слово приравнивалось… к самой жизни. Слово порождало и объясняло жизнь, оно было… хранителем памяти и залогом бесконечности будущего». Фольклорный текст исследуется литературоведами, этнографами, историками, культурологами, искусствоведами. В ХХ веке сложилась новая наука – лингвофольклористика, цели и задачи которой были сформулированы А.Т. Хроленко только в семидесятые годы.
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Pub Date : 2024-01-02DOI: 10.36586/jcl.2.2024.0.49.0247
Abbas Dawi Yoosuf
A literary-educational work is a work that explains wisdom to the reader and presents moral, educational and instructional issues in a literary form. Qaboos-nameh or Nasihat al-Muluk is an educational and educational book that has a special place in the field of ethics and guidance, where the author guides his children. Also, Ibn al-Wardi's Lamiyah or Nasihat al-Akhwan is a poem containing moral advice and advice in 77 verses that Ibn al-Wardi wrote to his son. It seems that the main goal of Ibn al-Wardi and Onsur AL-maali in Lamia and Qaboos-nameh was to express educational and moral issues and spread and convey them to future generations. Ibn al-Wardi, like Onsur AL-maali, listed moral points such as knowledge, humility, etc. among the good qualities and emphasized on them. Therefore, it seems that the educational views and moral points of Lamiyah and Qaboos-nameh are influenced by each other and in the same direction, and avoiding social and moral anomalies was one of the goals of these two authors. Moral positivity, avoiding abnormalities has also been intended. This research with a descriptive-analytical method and after mentioning some points about the biographies of two poets; It examines some common moral doctrines and didactic points in these two works, and in addition to expressing the moral and didactic commonalities of the two works, the role of educational views and moral teachings of the two authors is examined to find out that How two writers have used the teachings based on their valuable experiences to expand educational and guidance matters. چکیده اثر ادبی- تعلیمی، اثری است که حکمتی را برای خواننده تشریح میکند و مسایل اخلاقی، تعلیمی و ارشادی را به شکل ادبی عرصه کند. قابوسنامه یا نصیحت الملوک کتابی تعلیمی و تربیتی است که در حوزه اخلاق و ارشاد جایگاه ویژهای دارد که در آن نویسنده به ارشاد و راهنمایی فرزندش میپردازد. همچنین لامیة ابن الوردی یا نصیحة الاخوان منظومهای است مشتمل بر پندها و توصیههای اخلاقی در 77 بیت که ابن الوردی خطاب به فرزندش سروده است. این پژوهش با روشی توصیفی- تحلیلی و پس از ذکر نکاتی در مورد زندگینامه دو شاعر؛ به بررسی برخی آموزههای اخلاقی و نکات تعلیمی مشترک در این دو اثر میپردازد و علاوه بر بیان مشترکات اخلاقی و تعلیمی دو اثر، نقش دیدگاههای تربیتی و آموزههای اخلاقی دو مولف بررسی میشود تا در یابد، این دو ادیب چگونه از آموزههای مبتنی بر تجربههای ارزشمند خود برای گسترش امور تعلیمی و ارشادی استفاده کردهاند. یافتههای پژوهش نشان میدهد که آموزههای اخلاقی و تربیتی نقش اساسی در اندیشههای این دو مولف دارند و آنها بر جهانی اخلاقی و مبتنی بر آموزههای اخلاق تاکید دارند؛ همچنین دلیل توفیق این دو مولف در پاسخ گویی به نیازهای اخلاقی و تربیتی، انتخاب موضوعات تعلیمی و ارشادی مهمی است که نقش اساسی در زندگی هر فردی دارند که از میان آنها میتوان به علم آموزی، افتخار نکردن به اصل و نسب، مرگ آگاهی و... اشاره کرد.
文学教育作品是以文学形式向读者阐释智慧并介绍道德、教育和指导问题的作品。Qaboos-nameh 或 Nasihat al-Muluk 是一本教育和教学书籍，在道德和指导领域具有特殊地位，作者在这本书中指导自己的孩子。此外，伊本-瓦尔迪的《Lamiyah》或《Nasihat al-Akhwan》是伊本-瓦尔迪写给儿子的一首诗，共 77 节，包含道德建议和忠告。看来，伊本-瓦尔迪和昂苏尔-阿尔-马里在《拉米亚》和《Qaboos-nameh》中的主要目的是表达教育和道德问题，并将其传播和传达给后代。伊本-瓦尔迪与昂苏尔-马拉利一样，将知识、谦逊等道德观点列为优秀品质并加以强调。由此看来，Lamiyah 和 Qaboos-nameh 的教育观点和道德要点是相互影响、方向一致的，避免社会和道德反常现象是这两位作者的目标之一。道德的积极性、避免反常现象也是他们的目的。本研究采用描述-分析方法，在提到两位诗人传记的一些要点后，研究了这两部作品中一些共同的道德学说和说教要点，除了表达这两部作品在道德和说教方面的共性外，还研究了两位作家的教育观点和道德教诲的作用，以发现两位作家是如何根据自己的宝贵经验利用教诲来拓展教育和引导事务的。چکیده اثر ادبی- تعلیمی ، اثری است که حکمتی را برای خواننده تشریح میکند و مسایل اخلاقی، تعلیمی و ارشادی را به شکل ادبی عرصه کند.قابوسنامه نصیحت الملکو تابی تعلیم و تربیتی استکه در حوزه اخلاق و ارشاد جایگاه ویژهای دارد که در آن نویسنده به ارشاد و راهنمای فرزندش میپردازد.همچنین لامیة ابن الوردی یا نصیحة الاخوان منظومهای است مشتمل بر پندها و توصیهای اخلاقی در 77 بیت که ابن الوردی خطاب به فرزندش سروده است.این پژوهش با روشی توصیفی-تحلیلی و پس از ذکر نکاتی در مورد زندگینامه دو شاعر؛ به بررسی برخی آموزههای اخلاقی و نکات تعلیمی مشترک در این دو اثر میپردازد و علاوه بر بیان مشترکات اخلاقی و تعلیمی دو اثر، نقشدیدگاههای تربیتی و آموزههای اخلایق دو مولف بررسی میشود تا در یابد، این دو ادیب چچگونه از آموزههای مبتنی بر تجربههای ارزشمند خود برای گسترش امور تعلیمی و ارشادی استفاده کردهاند.فتههای پژوهش نشان میدهد که آموزههای اخلاقی و تربیتی نقش اساسی در اندیشههای این دو مولف دارند و آنها بر جهانی اخلاقی و مبتنی بر آموزههای اخلاق تاکید دارند؛ همچنین دلیل توفیق این دو مولفدر پاسخ گویی به نیازهای اخلاقی و تربیتی، انتخاب موضوعات تعلیمی و ارشادی مهمی است که نقش اساسی در زندگی هر فردی دارند که از میان آنها میتوان به علم آموزی، افتخار نکردن به اصل و نسب، مرگ آگاهی و...اشاره کرد.
{"title":"A comparative study of Educational Commonalities in Ibn al-Wardi's Lamiyah and Qaboos- Nameh","authors":"Abbas Dawi Yoosuf","doi":"10.36586/jcl.2.2024.0.49.0247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2024.0.49.0247","url":null,"abstract":"A literary-educational work is a work that explains wisdom to the reader and presents moral, educational and instructional issues in a literary form. Qaboos-nameh or Nasihat al-Muluk is an educational and educational book that has a special place in the field of ethics and guidance, where the author guides his children. Also, Ibn al-Wardi's Lamiyah or Nasihat al-Akhwan is a poem containing moral advice and advice in 77 verses that Ibn al-Wardi wrote to his son. It seems that the main goal of Ibn al-Wardi and Onsur AL-maali in Lamia and Qaboos-nameh was to express educational and moral issues and spread and convey them to future generations. Ibn al-Wardi, like Onsur AL-maali, listed moral points such as knowledge, humility, etc. among the good qualities and emphasized on them. Therefore, it seems that the educational views and moral points of Lamiyah and Qaboos-nameh are influenced by each other and in the same direction, and avoiding social and moral anomalies was one of the goals of these two authors. Moral positivity, avoiding abnormalities has also been intended. This research with a descriptive-analytical method and after mentioning some points about the biographies of two poets; It examines some common moral doctrines and didactic points in these two works, and in addition to expressing the moral and didactic commonalities of the two works, the role of educational views and moral teachings of the two authors is examined to find out that How two writers have used the teachings based on their valuable experiences to expand educational and guidance matters. چکیده اثر ادبی- تعلیمی، اثری است که حکمتی را برای خواننده تشریح میکند و مسایل اخلاقی، تعلیمی و ارشادی را به شکل ادبی عرصه کند. قابوسنامه یا نصیحت الملوک کتابی تعلیمی و تربیتی است که در حوزه اخلاق و ارشاد جایگاه ویژهای دارد که در آن نویسنده به ارشاد و راهنمایی فرزندش میپردازد. همچنین لامیة ابن الوردی یا نصیحة الاخوان منظومهای است مشتمل بر پندها و توصیههای اخلاقی در 77 بیت که ابن الوردی خطاب به فرزندش سروده است. این پژوهش با روشی توصیفی- تحلیلی و پس از ذکر نکاتی در مورد زندگینامه دو شاعر؛ به بررسی برخی آموزههای اخلاقی و نکات تعلیمی مشترک در این دو اثر میپردازد و علاوه بر بیان مشترکات اخلاقی و تعلیمی دو اثر، نقش دیدگاههای تربیتی و آموزههای اخلاقی دو مولف بررسی میشود تا در یابد، این دو ادیب چگونه از آموزههای مبتنی بر تجربههای ارزشمند خود برای گسترش امور تعلیمی و ارشادی استفاده کردهاند. یافتههای پژوهش نشان میدهد که آموزههای اخلاقی و تربیتی نقش اساسی در اندیشههای این دو مولف دارند و آنها بر جهانی اخلاقی و مبتنی بر آموزههای اخلاق تاکید دارند؛ همچنین دلیل توفیق این دو مولف در پاسخ گویی به نیازهای اخلاقی و تربیتی، انتخاب موضوعات تعلیمی و ارشادی مهمی است که نقش اساسی در زندگی هر فردی دارند که از میان آنها میتوان به علم آموزی، افتخار نکردن به اصل و نسب، مرگ آگاهی و... اشاره کرد.","PeriodicalId":125897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the College of languages","volume":"67 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139452795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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