Journal of the College of languages最新文献

{"title":"A study of ambiguity in contemporary poetry (The poem \"Rasail al-Imam al-Shafi'i\" by Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati as a model)","authors":"Abolhasan Amin Moghadasi, Jaber Emamzadeh","doi":"10.36586/jcl.2.2023.0.48.0236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2023.0.48.0236","url":null,"abstract":"Poetry, as one of the branches of art, follows the general rules of art aesthetics, and ambiguity is one of its essential elements, which is considered an attractive factor and an aesthetic criterion in poetry criticism. In this sense, ambiguity is understood as a phenomenon that evokes certain types of reading and understanding in the text. Uncertainty, polysemyand openness of meaning are the characteristics of ambiguous literary text. In this research, after studying the history, concept and function of ambiguity in contemporary Arabic poetry, we have analyzed this phenomenon in the ode \"Rasail al-Imam al-Shafi'i\" by Abdul Wahab al-Bayati. From the findings of the research, which was carried out in a descriptive analytical way, it was found that artistic ambiguity is a prominent feature of original poetic works, but trying to organize or regularize it is difficult or impossible because multiple readings of an ambiguous text do not necessarily lead to a complete and accurate understanding, but rather Our taste is affected by the fields of our awareness and mental perceptions. We also found that Bayati's poetry has a level of artistic ambiguity that has emerged in the context of new interpretation techniques such as symbolism, mask, myth and intertextuality, and by deepening the poetic experience, it has made his poetic style lasting and effective.","PeriodicalId":125897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the College of languages","volume":"23 34","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132938804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translators Across Languages: Meta-Linguistic , Psychological, Social and Hermeneutic Study with Reference to Audio-Visual Translation","authors":"Ismail Abdulwahhab Ismail","doi":"10.36586/jcl.2.2023.0.480017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2023.0.480017","url":null,"abstract":"The widely-held ideology that language is the reflection of its speakers is the hypothesis upon which this study is based. To verify this hypothesis, a fifty-one second clipped video broadcasted by Euronews agency, along with the realization of this footage in four languages (English, French, Arabic and Persian) are subjected to linguistic –metalinguistic analysis. The footage is differently envisaged, thus putting 'the journalistic code of ethics' and the notion of neutrality under scrutiny. The investigation first showed varying lengths in the realization of the footage across the four languages under investigation, with English being, by far, the most condensed language and Arabic being the least, with French and Persian intermediating between them. Other differences point to political-ideological differences where English manifests itself to be highly indicative due to its early tradition in the field of politics. French has, on the other hand, highlighted key values pertinent to the French society such as focus on democracy while Arabic dictates clearly the Arab's predictive-assertive build up of their mentality of the Arabs through the heavy use of future \"س – will\". Finally, Persian language has hermeneutically reflected the Persian mentality of being focusable on minute details and extra-explanations of surrounding details.","PeriodicalId":125897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the College of languages","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127535452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consonants that Disrupt Acoustic Harmony Rule in Old Anatolian Turkish","authors":"Lamyaa Kadhem Ayyal, Dheyaa Jawad Salman","doi":"10.36586/jcl.2.2023.0.48.0186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2023.0.48.0186","url":null,"abstract":"The feature of rounding that affected Turkish sounds, which developed with the disruption of acoustic labial, is considered at the forefront of the distinctive sound features of Old Anatolian Turkish which is one of the branches of the Oghuz Turkish in the western regions between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries (AD). In this paper, the feature of rounding in sounds, which was the reason behind the disruption of acoustic harmony, is analyzed and clarified with specific examples from written literary works of that period. First, the opinions of researchers working in the field of Turkish are given as relevant to the causes of acoustic harmony disorders and rounding in Old Anatolian Turkish. This paper aims at explaining the reasons of labial harmony through examples to researchers working on Old Anatolian Turkish Language . Once their views are given, the topic is explained with precise examples taken from Turkish grammar books and the literary works during that period. Then, the reasons for the rounding are explained with the examples taken from the works during that time, especially from the Suheyl Nevbahar mesnevi of Hoca Mesud and Yusuf ve Züleyha by Şeyyad Hamza.","PeriodicalId":125897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the College of languages","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131100457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Female Economic Independence in Mother Courage and Her Children","authors":"Fedaa Qassim, Rasha Abdulmunem Aziz","doi":"10.36586/jcl.2.2023.0.48.0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2023.0.48.0042","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigates female economic independence throughout the war in Brecht's play Mother Courage and her Children (1941). Mother Courage is a single mother alongside her three children making sacrifices and hustling to provide for herself and her children not being dependent on a male to live but only on her personal wagon. The methods used to prove her perseverance to achieve economic independence are through the lenses of two materialist feminist theories the first one is Simone De Beauvoir and her theories are taken from her book The Second Sex (2011). The second theory belongs to Charlotte Gilman and her book Women and Economics (1898). These theories are used to analyze the text of the play and spot the whereabouts of materialist feminism and how this character is following what is called materialist feminism, even though it was written before the theories. At the end of this study, a clear picture is formed of how Mother Courage truly proved herself worthy of the title “Mother Courage” in a sense of achieving or at least never giving up to create her financial goals to be an independent working mother through the worst possible scenarios.","PeriodicalId":125897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the College of languages","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131394049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Skin-Deep: The Relationship between Beauty Ideals and Identity Crisis in Scott Westerfeld's Uglies","authors":"Umniah Muhammed Abdulkareem, T. Taha","doi":"10.36586/jcl.2.2023.0.48.0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2023.0.48.0070","url":null,"abstract":"Uglies (2005) is the first in Scott Westerfeld's Uglies series of novels. It is a literary work with a futuristic scenario thaP depicts a dystopian world in which people are preoccupied with unnatural standards of beauty. In a realm where science and fiction intertwine, the themes of beauty, identity, and the insidious influence of brainwashing take center stage, inviting readers to delve into the complexities of these interconnected concepts. The tapestry of the novel also involves a speculative discourse surrounding the deleterious implications of cosmetic surgery, thereby engendering an intellectual milieu wherein the ramifications of such practices are rigorously examined and debated. Drawing upon Erik Erikson's identity development theory (1950) and Henri Tajfel and John Turner's social identity theory (1979) as theoretical frameworks, this research paper aims to present an analysis of how the pursuit of beauty ideals contributes to the formation of an externally appealing but inwardly conflicted self-image.","PeriodicalId":125897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the College of languages","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121174397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chateaubriand's impressions of the East (the Orient) Study of ''Itinerary from Paris to Jerusalem","authors":"Feryal Salih Omar","doi":"10.36586/jcl.2.2023.0.48.0096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2023.0.48.0096","url":null,"abstract":"The truthfulness and accuracy of the information presented in the itinerary made this work a historical, geographical and tourist guide for travelers of that century, and it represents a clear and distinct literary value for the genre of travel literature. Chateaubriand's impressions are written in a somewhat descriptive style, descriptions drowning in veneration, it is a painter's style, but they are paintings, arranged in the manner of portraits of martyrs' churches, and were paintings of historical landscapes, while those of his Itinerary of the Journey from Paris to Jerusalem are Pictures or real copies of reality. Studying Chateaubriand's impressions of the East, one can first note the impressions of admiring the beautiful landscapes, eastern cities and the great monuments of the East. As a keen pilgrim to visit the holy places, throughout his journey Chateaubriand maintains his religious goal of deepening his faith. And his impressions in this religious atmosphere were confused, as he thinks that he hears the voice of the prophets and see the shadows of the ancients, and the ancient Jerusalem (Jerusalem) rises before him. But Chateaubriand's impressions show us another side of his vision of the East, and that is the vision of the passionate pilgrim who accuses Muslims of cruelty, tyranny and subservience. He politically condemns the shortcomings of Ottoman rule. The most prominent and widespread impressions in the book are sadness and loneliness. The Orient, with its atmosphere, charm and history, evokes in Chateaubriand a sad pleasure that fits perfectly with the mysterious feeling that surrounds his gloomy soul. But this feeling, which burdens the romantic traveler, is more connected with the author's state of mind than with the Orient itself. Résumé La véracité et l'exactitude des informations présentées dans l'Itinéraire de Paris à Jérusalem ont fait de cet ouvrage un guide historique, géographique et touristique pour les voyageurs du siècle, et il représente une valeur littéraire claire et distincte pour le genre de la littérature de voyage. Les impressions de Chateaubriand sont écrites dans un style un peu descriptif, les descriptions noyées dans la vénération, c'est le style d'un peintre, mais ce sont des peintures, disposées à la manière des portraits d'églises des Martyrs, qui étaient des peintures de paysages historiques, tandis que celles de son Itinéraire de Voyage de Paris à Jérusalem sont des Images ou de vraies copies de la réalité. En étudiant les impressions d'Orient de Chateaubriand, on peut d'abord noter l'impression d'admiration pour les beaux paysages, les villes orientales et les grands monuments d'Orient. En pèlerin avide de visiter les lieux saints, Chateaubriand maintient tout au long de son parcours son objectif religieux d'approfondir sa foi. Dans cette atmosphère religieuse, ses impressions sont confuses, car il croit entendre la voix des prophètes et voir les ombres des anciens. Mais les impressions de Chateaubr","PeriodicalId":125897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the College of languages","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125894717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Challenges of Translation from Persian to Arabic In Light of the Equivalence Theory of Mona Baker; Equivalence at the Word Level","authors":"Rahim Hamdawi, Adnan Tahmasebi","doi":"10.36586/jcl.2.2023.0.47.0280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2023.0.47.0280","url":null,"abstract":"This dissertation studies the application of equivalence theory developed by Mona Baker in translating Persian to Arabic. Among various translation methodologies, Mona Baker’s bottom-up equivalency approach is unique in several ways. Baker’s translation approach is a multistep process. It starts with studying the smallest linguistic unit, “the word”, and then evolves above the level of words leading to the translation of the entire text. Equivalence at the word level, i.e., word for word method, is the core point of Baker’s approach. This study evaluates the use of Baker’s approach in translation from Persian to Arabic, mainly because finding the correct equivalence is a major challenge in this translation. Additionally, Persian and Arabic languages are closely related. More than 60% of the Persian vocabulary is derived from Arabic roots. We applied Baker’s approach to the translation process by translating words contained in the source texts in this work. We have followed the structures that were developed by Baker in this process. After presenting the results from the vocabulary translation, we introduced the problems that arise from using Baker’s method. Finally, we provided a very detailed discussion and data analysis on the use of Baker’s approach for the Persian-to Arabic translation. تتسم نظرية منى بيكر من بين نظريات الترجمة، بسمة فريدة بنوعها، إذ تبدأ بدراسة اصغر وحدة لغوية، وهي المفردة، ثم تنتقل مرحلة تلو الأخرى وصولاً إلى ترجمة النص بأكمله، ولما كانت جلّ المشاكل التي تعاني منها الترجمة من الفارسية إلى العربية، تتبلور في البحث عن المكافئ الصحيح للمفردة، وذلك لتقارب اللغتين، وإنّ العربية تشكل ما يزيد على ستين بالمائة من مفردات اللغة الفارسية، على هذا قد اخترنا نظرية بيكر لتطبيقها على ترجمة المفردات وذلك من خلال التركيز على المفردات الواردة في النصوص الفكرية، وقد قمنا بتوظيف الاستراتيجيات التي قدمتها بيكر في هذا المجال، وقدّمنا ترجمة المفردات بعد وضعها في خانة المشاكل التي تبرز في ترجمتها، وذلك إتباعاً لنظرية منى بيكر، وفي نهاية المطاف قدمنا النتائج التي خرجنا بها بعد دراسة المفردات وترجمتها إلى العربية.","PeriodicalId":125897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the College of languages","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128361994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compound Sentences modification, functions and characteristics from an educational point of view","authors":"Maysoon Ali Rzooqi","doi":"10.36586/jcl.2.2023.0.47.0159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2023.0.47.0159","url":null,"abstract":"This research deals with compound sentences in the German language and how to transform them and transfer them into a main sentence, touching on their functions and characteristics. Actual to nominative, which is a unique feature of the German language, with some diverse examples taken from various sources. This case is distinguished, like other grammatical cases, with its positives and negatives, as some difficulties and obstacles that arise when using this type of sentences have been clarified, which are difficult to formulate, use and understand. And that this grammatical situation is almost confined to scientific texts with all their branches, for example, medical, legal, literary and political texts and other scientific disciplines. In this work, I tried to focus on the reasons for converting compound sentences into main sentences and the conditions and controls that these sentences are subject to during conversion in terms of attention to the elements of the sentence affected by that change and the grammatical situation such as tools. Prämisse In dieser Arbeit werden eines der wichtigsten grammatischen Themen und ihre Schwierigkeiten dargestellt, in denen die Lernenden gerieten. Dieses Thema lautet die Umformung des hypotaktischen Satzes in einen Hauptsatz und was daraus ergebendes grammatikalisches Phänomen Nominalisierung im Deutschen hat gezielt, einerseits die Schwierigkeiten bei der Bildung und Umwandlung hypotaktischer Sätze zu untersuchen und andererseits der Begriff Nominalisierung aus der Sicht der arabischen Deutschlernenden am Fachbereich Germanistik, der Universität Bagdad zu beleuchten. Das nächste Ziel bezieht sich daran, ob dieses Phänomen die Nominalisierung erst jetzt an Bedeutung gewonnen hat. Semantische und syntaktische Übersicht wird dargestellt und untersucht, zu diesem Zweck wird die Konjunktionen und Präpositionen behandelt, die dem Umwandlungsprozess folgen. Diese umgeformten Sätze, die als Sprachstil sowohl in der geschriebenen Sprache als auch in der gesprochenen Sprache betrachtet werden, werden im Laufe der Arbeit näher erklärt. Diese vorliegende Arbeit besteht aus zwei Abschnitten. Im Ersten Abschnitt werden die resultierten Kategorie klassifiziert und gekennzeichnet wird: Das Phänomen Nominalisierung, die durch den Umformungsprozess der Nebensätze und Hauptsätze in einem Hauptsatz wie Kausalsätze, Konditionalsätze, Konzessivsätze, Finalsätze und Konsekutivsätze, die Nominalausdrücke, die durch die Umwandlung der Verbalausdrücke resultiert wird und die substantivierten Wortarten. All dies wird im Laufe der Arbeit näher beleuchtet, wo jede von denen mit konkreten Beispielen ergänzt wird. Der zweite Abschnitt behandelt Ergebnisse einiger Studenten an der Germanistischen Abteilung mit ihrer Analyse. Fazit und Quellen befindet sich am Ende dieser Arbeit. This phenomenon is used in the German language, which has a special flavor in terms of the style that keeps us away from laziness in description or clarification. ","PeriodicalId":125897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the College of languages","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126754388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Contrastive- Acoustic Study of Jacqueline Kennedy and the Actress Natalie Portman’s Voice Qualities in the Film” Jacki”.","authors":"Hiba Jebur Hamzah, Balqis I. G. Rashid","doi":"10.36586/jcl.2.2023.0.47.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2023.0.47.0019","url":null,"abstract":"As performers in a social world, we communicate with other people by sharing information on many different levels. Each utterance includes linguistic information and conveys much information about the speaker’s identity. Variation in voice quality indexes information about the speaker and marks the speaker’s identity as a unique individual. The present study aims to validate the belief that each individual has an inalienable voice print that can’t be imitated. The study verifies that, even the more similar personality between two individuals, or the close position in society the variance is voice quality. The acoustic analysis is performed via analysing the acoustic parameters namely: the fundamental frequency, amplitude, intensity, duration and pitch of Jacqueline Kennedy and the actress Natalie Portman who performed Kennedy’s character in the film “ Jacki”. The results show that Kennedy’s voice quality is breathy; whereas, Portman’s voice quality is falsetto. The study concludes that it is possible to recognise the identity of any individual from the properties of her/his voice quality due to the fact that each person has an unparalleled voice print.","PeriodicalId":125897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the College of languages","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123836661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective Metadiscourse Strategies in Texts of English and Arabic Trade Agreements to attain persuasion","authors":"Alyaa Farooq Najeeb, May Stephan Rezqallah","doi":"10.36586/jcl.2.2023.0.47.0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2023.0.47.0104","url":null,"abstract":"Persuasion is a process studied by many scholars from the Greek time until the present. One persuasion strategy is metadiscourse, which refers to the writers' awareness of their text, the way they present themselves to the readers. The writers use metadiscourse markers to help the readers understand the real meaning of the text (Hyland 2005). The paper carries out a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the employment of persuasive metadiscourse markers in two English trade agreements and two Arabic agreements has provided in terms of Hyland's (2005) model of interactive and interactional markers. The aim is to find out whether all types of metadiscourse markers are used or not, and also to see whether English or Arabic employs more markers in their agreement texts. At the end, the analysis shows that Arabic agreements employ more metadiscourse markers than English agreements. Author Biographies","PeriodicalId":125897,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the College of languages","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130979233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}