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PTI: Coping with the COVID-19 crisis from a resource-based view PTI记者:从资源的角度应对新冠肺炎危机
Pub Date : 2022-04-18 DOI: 10.1177/14657503221094445
Haijing De Haan-Cao
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are suffering heavily from the Covid-19 pandemic. Pincode Telenet International (PTI) is a small company providing software solutions to the utility sector in the Netherlands. Its revenue depends entirely on outsourcing contracts given by utility providers. When the market environment is disrupted by the Covid-19 outbreak and its lasting impact, PTI is confronted with a 35% drop in revenue and many uncertainties. This case illustrates how PTI copes with uncertainties by focusing on one certainty: the available resources. The resource-based coping strategy presented in this case engages students to reflect on how different resources can be used to strengthen collaborations and expand a customer base. It thus advances our understanding of opportunity recognition and entrepreneurial behaviour in times of crisis.
中小企业受到新冠肺炎疫情的严重影响。Pincode Telenet International (PTI)是一家为荷兰公用事业部门提供软件解决方案的小公司。它的收入完全依赖于公用事业供应商提供的外包合同。当新冠肺炎疫情及其持续影响扰乱市场环境时,PTI面临着收入下降35%和许多不确定因素。这个案例说明了PTI如何通过关注一个确定性来应对不确定性:可用资源。本案例中提出的以资源为基础的应对策略促使学生思考如何利用不同的资源来加强合作和扩大客户群。因此,它促进了我们对危机时期的机会识别和企业家行为的理解。
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引用次数: 4
Sustainable entrepreneurship: Factors influencing opportunity recognition and exploitation 可持续创业:影响机会识别和利用的因素
Pub Date : 2022-04-11 DOI: 10.1177/14657503221093007
Sumita Sarma, Sharmin Attaran, M. Attaran
Sustainable entrepreneurship integrates economic, environmental, and social into a firm's goals, activities, and planning to create a long-term value for the firm, its stakeholders, and broader society. The firm's strategies are formulated and executed to meet the firm's needs and its stakeholders while protecting, sustaining, and enhancing the natural resources that will be needed in the future. The COVID-19 pandemic was a wake-up call regarding external uncertainty that impacted all small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Leveraging this context, this study aims to assess the external and internal factors that influence sustainable opportunity recognition through interviews with twelve sustainable entrepreneurs in the USA and Canada. Based on the results, future research directions and recommendations have been made.
可持续创业将经济、环境和社会整合到公司的目标、活动和计划中,为公司、利益相关者和更广泛的社会创造长期价值。公司战略的制定和执行是为了满足公司和利益相关者的需求,同时保护、维持和增强未来所需的自然资源。2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行敲响了警钟,提醒人们注意影响所有中小企业的外部不确定性。利用这一背景,本研究旨在通过对美国和加拿大的12位可持续企业家的访谈,评估影响可持续机会认识的外部和内部因素。在此基础上,提出了今后的研究方向和建议。
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引用次数: 5
In the wake of the ironworks - entrepreneurship and the spatial connections to empowerment and emancipation 在铁厂之后,企业家精神和空间联系到赋权和解放
Pub Date : 2022-04-07 DOI: 10.1177/14657503221089802
Annie Roos, Johan Gaddefors
In this article, we explore connections between entrepreneurship, gender, empowerment and emancipation. Through the lens of entrepreneurship, we investigate the spatial aspects of these interlinked processes and illustrate emancipation through oppressive gender structures. This spatial lens allows us to see how emancipation changes in practice over time, with empowerment being one of these practices. Through ethnographic longitudinal fieldwork that studies an ironworks turned into a tourist garden, we highlight the collective reproduction of established oppressive structures. Our findings prioritise a spatial understanding of how entrepreneurship connects to empowerment and emancipation.
在这篇文章中,我们探讨了创业、性别、赋权和解放之间的联系。通过企业家精神的视角,我们研究了这些相互关联的过程的空间方面,并说明了通过压迫性性别结构的解放。这个空间镜头让我们看到解放在实践中是如何随着时间的推移而变化的,赋权就是这些实践之一。通过民族志纵向田野调查,研究了一个铁厂变成了一个旅游花园,我们强调了既定压迫结构的集体再生产。我们的研究结果优先考虑了企业家精神如何与赋权和解放联系起来的空间理解。
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引用次数: 2
Using equity crowdfunding to build a loyal brand community: The case of Brewdog 利用股权众筹建立忠诚的品牌社区:以Brewdog为例
Pub Date : 2022-03-14 DOI: 10.1177/14657503221086101
L. Sabia, R. Bell, D. Bozward
This case study provides a critical understanding of the connection between start-up investment and the development of a loyal brand community. Learners develop an appreciation of how engagement in crowdfunding campaigns can lead to the creation of engaged partners. This is explored through applying the Business Model Canvas to the case of BrewDog, a company that has expanded beyond the niche market of craft brewing to become an international brand. The use of crowdfunding has not only enabled Brewdog to raise the capital to finance expansion but also to develop a special relationship with some of their customers, who through investment and engagement can become partners in the product development process.
这个案例研究提供了对创业投资和忠诚品牌社区发展之间关系的批判性理解。学习者逐渐认识到,参与众筹活动可以创造积极参与的合作伙伴。这是通过将商业模式画布应用于BrewDog的案例来探索的,BrewDog已经超越了精酿啤酒的利基市场,成为了一个国际品牌。众筹的使用不仅使Brewdog能够筹集资金用于扩张,而且还与一些客户建立了特殊的关系,通过投资和参与,他们可以成为产品开发过程中的合作伙伴。
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引用次数: 2
Informal social learning dynamics and entrepreneurial knowledge acquisition in a micro food learning network 微食品学习网络中的非正式社会学习动态与创业知识获取
Pub Date : 2022-03-11 DOI: 10.1177/14657503221086099
Stine Alm Hersleth, E. Kubberød, A. Gonera
This paper expands and contextualises social perspectives on entrepreneurial learning by considering the informal learning dynamics and outcomes in a facilitated learning network (FLN) targeting micro-entrepreneurs within the local food sector. This research builds new theoretical and empirical knowledge on the contributions of FLN as a community of inquiry (CoI) to support entrepreneurial knowledge acquisition. Our research strategy was a single embedded case study with the units of analysis consisting of 12 micro-firms within the local meat industry in Norway. In retrospective in-depth interviews, founder-managers reflected on their learning from others from participation in a local-food learning network. Three main themes emerged from our analysis, reflecting the informal regulating mechanisms for knowledge sharing and how entrepreneurs acquired new entrepreneurial knowledge: (1) cultural norms stabilising the community of inquiry, (2) engagement in the practices of others regulates access to community knowledge and (3) from community inquiry to individual entrepreneurial knowledge. Based on these themes, we built a conceptual framework showing informal knowledge-sharing mechanisms and the individual micro-entrepreneurs’ entrepreneurial knowledge acquisition in a CoI. Our study contributes to the research stream on social entrepreneurial learning and how learning from others in a CoI enhances entrepreneurial learning.
本文通过考虑针对当地食品部门微型企业家的便利学习网络(FLN)中的非正式学习动态和结果,扩展了创业学习的社会视角并将其置于背景中。本研究构建了新的理论和实证知识,探讨了FLN作为一个探究社区(CoI)在支持创业知识获取方面的贡献。我们的研究策略是一个单一的嵌入式案例研究,其分析单元由挪威当地肉类行业的12个微型公司组成。在回顾性的深度访谈中,创始人经理们反映了他们通过参与当地食品学习网络向他人学习的情况。我们的分析中出现了三个主要主题,反映了知识共享的非正式调节机制以及企业家如何获得新的创业知识:(1)文化规范稳定了探究社区;(2)参与他人的实践规范了对社区知识的获取;(3)从社区探究到个人创业知识。基于这些主题,我们构建了一个概念框架,展示了非正式知识共享机制和个体微型企业家在CoI中的创业知识获取。我们的研究为社会创业学习以及CoI中向他人学习如何促进创业学习的研究流做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 2
Egyptian rural women entrepreneurs: Challenges, ambitions and opportunities 埃及农村妇女企业家:挑战、抱负和机遇
Pub Date : 2022-03-09 DOI: 10.1177/14657503221086098
Nermin Elkafrawi, D. Refai
The aim of this study is to examine the main challenges and opportunities facing Egyptian rural women entrepreneurs (RWEs) in starting and growing their enterprises. The study narrates the story of one woman in rural Egypt and the challenges she has encountered in becoming an entrepreneur. A qualitative approach is applied to explore various social and economic aspects in Egyptian RWEs’ life. The results suggest four main interrelated challenges and two main opportunities facing RWEs in rural Egypt. This is one of few studies responding to calls for more research addressing RWEs, particularly in developing countries, and for showing the role of context in shaping their entrepreneurial decisions. The case offers better understanding of RWEs, and sets the foundation for more research in areas of rural women empowerment, rural development and contextualisation of entrepreneurship.
本研究的目的是研究埃及农村女企业家(RWEs)在开办和发展企业时面临的主要挑战和机遇。这项研究讲述了一位埃及农村妇女的故事,以及她在成为企业家的过程中遇到的挑战。定性的方法被应用于探索在埃及RWEs的生活的各种社会和经济方面。研究结果表明,埃及农村地区的RWEs面临着四个相互关联的主要挑战和两个主要机遇。这是少数几项响应呼吁的研究之一,这些呼吁要求更多地研究特别是在发展中国家的边远地区就业问题,并表明环境在形成其创业决策方面的作用。这一案例有助于更好地了解农村妇女就业状况,并为在农村妇女赋权、农村发展和创业背景化等领域开展更多研究奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 4
Lundgren Tours: Out of the Frying Pan and into the Fire. A young entrepreneur survives and thrives after the ‘double-whammy’ of Brexit and Coronavirus 伦德格伦之旅:走出煎锅,又进入火坑。一位年轻的企业家在英国脱欧和冠状病毒的“双重打击”后生存下来并蓬勃发展
Pub Date : 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.1177/14657503221081352
A. Pearce, Rose Quan, K. Dziewanowska
Lundgren Tours (LT) is an awarding-winning regional tour company founded by a student entrepreneur in 2016. In 2020, the UK left the EU and the country's first Covid-19 patients were identified, leading to international anti-coronavirus restrictions and the cancellation of tours for 12 months. The case considers several aspects (explained in ‘Themes’) of the catastrophe through the founder's eyes, revealing the influence of entrepreneurial psychological capital and how striving to survive disaster can lead to new strengths and opportunities.
Lundgren Tours (LT)是一家屡获殊荣的区域旅游公司,由一名学生企业家于2016年创立。2020年,英国退出欧盟,发现了第一批Covid-19患者,导致国际抗冠状病毒限制和12个月的旅游取消。本案例通过创始人的视角考虑了灾难的几个方面(在“主题”中进行了解释),揭示了创业心理资本的影响,以及努力在灾难中生存如何带来新的优势和机会。
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引用次数: 0
Aimage's entrepreneurial value creation and crowdfunding: Entrepreneurship in times of crisis image的创业价值创造与众筹:危机时代的创业
Pub Date : 2022-03-02 DOI: 10.1177/14657503221081355
Chiara Nespoli, A. Kozan, V. Scuotto, M. Giudice
The increasing amount of investment through crowdfunding platforms despite the recent global economic downturn brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic has nurtured the interest in how this form of investment can generate non-monetary value for a company. Through the lens of the entrepreneurial value creation (EVC) theory, the present case study demonstrates the development of two key stages of a new venture: (1) formulation and (2) monetization. The study employs a case study approach based on a high-tech company in Italy, namely Aimage. The case demonstrates how Aimage improves entrepreneurial competences by the acquisition of dynamic capabilities through means of a crowdfunding campaign. It shows how to gain not just monetary but also non-monetary benefits, mainly in the form of entrepreneurial knowledge. Moreover, the case of Aimage confirms that crowdfunding brings added value to an entrepreneurial venture in its monetization stage—even when capital is not needed for survival but for overcoming time of crisis—by enhancing its dynamic capabilities and helping to transform entrepreneurial competence into entrepreneurial reward.
在新冠肺炎疫情导致全球经济低迷的情况下,通过众筹平台进行的投资不断增加,这激发了人们对这种投资形式如何为企业创造非货币价值的兴趣。通过创业价值创造(EVC)理论的视角,本案例研究展示了新企业的两个关键阶段的发展:(1)制定和(2)货币化。本研究采用了基于意大利一家高科技公司的案例研究方法,即image。本案例展示了image如何通过众筹活动获取动态能力来提高创业能力。它展示了如何不仅获得货币利益,还获得非货币利益,主要以创业知识的形式。此外,image的案例证实,众筹通过增强企业的动态能力,帮助将企业能力转化为企业回报,为企业在货币化阶段带来了附加价值——即使不是为了生存而需要资金,而是为了克服危机。
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引用次数: 5
Farmers that engage in entrepreneurship for the “wrong” reason and the moderating role of cultural intolerance 出于“错误”原因从事创业的农民,以及文化不宽容的调节作用
Pub Date : 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.1177/14657503221077939
Erik Hunter, J. Nybom, E. Micheels, Kim Klyver
In the agricultural sector, the Law of Jante—a Scandinavian form of cultural intolerance towards standing out, being different and overachieving (akin to the Tall Poppy Syndrome and The nail that sticks out gets hammered down culture found in other countries)—may play an important role by influencing when entrepreneurship is an acceptable strategic choice to adversity. Based on a three group, between-subjects experiment of 122 Swedish university students studying agricultural and rural management, we tested whether the advice our participants gave to a fictitious farmer to pursue entrepreneurial activity depended on information regarding the farmer's motivation to pursue entrepreneurship (experimental treatments included motivation scenarios based on necessity vs. opportunity driven vs. control). Moreover, we test whether entrepreneurial advice is moderated by the participants own “Jante-ness”. Unexpectedly, we found that our participants did not adapt the entrepreneurship advice they give to the situational context, nor does Jante play a moderating role; instead we found that Jante had a significant and negative main effect on the entrepreneurial advice given. This finding suggests that Jante is still very much alive and may play an important role in explaining relatively low rates of innovation and entrepreneurship in (Swedish) agriculture.
在农业领域,詹特法则(jantelaw)——一种斯堪的纳维亚文化形式,对与众不同、超常成就的不容忍(类似于高罂粟综合症和其他国家的“突出的钉子被钉住”文化)——可能会发挥重要作用,影响创业何时成为一种可接受的逆境战略选择。基于对122名学习农业和农村管理的瑞典大学生进行的三组受试者间实验,我们测试了参与者给予虚拟农民从事创业活动的建议是否取决于农民从事创业动机的信息(实验处理包括基于必要性、机会驱动和控制的动机场景)。此外,我们还检验了创业建议是否受到参与者自身“詹特性”的调节。出乎意料的是,我们发现我们的参与者并没有将他们给出的创业建议适应情境,Jante也没有发挥调节作用;相反,我们发现詹特对给出的创业建议有显著的负向主效应。这一发现表明,Jante仍然非常活跃,并且可能在解释(瑞典)农业中相对较低的创新和创业率方面发挥重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Editors’ Series: Innovation opportunities and future direction in entrepreneurship research 国际创业与创新杂志编辑系列:创业研究的创新机遇与未来方向
Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.1177/14657503221077753
Endrit Kromidha, D. Refai, Steven Pattinson, L. Galloway, Alex Kevill
We are delighted to present the latest issue of International Journal of Entrepreneurship & Innovation. As always, the papers represent a range of topics, and include work on innovation. We take the opportunity here to present a short editorial on the importance of the links between innovation and entrepreneurship and the rich opportunities for value-adding research on innovation in the entrepreneurship field. Innovation and entrepreneurship meet in a space of curiosity, characterised by proactiveness and risk-taking towards opportunities. Changes in the current business climate have created many such opportunities. As innovation and entrepreneurship researchers, we sit at the crossroad of contextualising what we know from the past to make sense of what is happening now, and gain an insight into the future. However, it is impossible to cover the vast array of innovation pathways and trends without realising that they may soon become obsolete before seeing the light of publication. This, however, does not (and should not) discourage us as entrepreneurship scholars from exploring promising innovation trends that demand attention, particularly in light of today’s global business context. Creativity and creation processes – An entrepreneur is habitually seen as the creator of innovations that can be radical or incremental. The field has advanced from the confined positioning of innovations as physical products or services, to encompass innovative concepts, such as crowdfunding whereby potential customers are simultaneously the funders and investors in a business. As innovation research on crowdfunding matures in the entrepreneurship domain, we continue to seek new knowledge in terms of the what, why, how, when and where of crowdfunding. This growing interest also applies to other innovation domains including, for example, different forms of automation such as artificial intelligence and machine learning powered by big data, and innovative ways of producing 3D printing. Our interest goes beyond the mechanical, operative and engineering aspects of those innovations, to consider their relevance to entrepreneurship research and how they can drive the field forward. Hypes and trends Hypes and trends continue to feed an attention-hungry market with innovations and novel communication approaches. Whilst hypes are short-lived, both hypes and trends offer plentiful room for emerging opportunities, alongside ideas for marketing and entrepreneurship to converge. We often tend to theorise what can be generalised and prevail over time, however, hypes and trends can offer a foundation for other innovations to emerge, rendering them important to explore in more depth. A better understanding of this symbiotic relationship between innovations, hypes and trends can offer multiple pathways for future research in entrepreneurship. The innovation space All innovations are placed or perceived within a spatial dimension, which can be as big as a space for populating Mars o
我们很高兴向大家介绍最新一期的《国际创业与创新杂志》。一如既往,这些论文代表了一系列的主题,包括创新方面的工作。借此机会,我们将发表一篇简短的社论,阐述创新与创业之间联系的重要性,以及创业领域创新增值研究的丰富机会。创新和创业在好奇心的空间中相遇,其特点是主动性和对机遇的冒险精神。当前商业环境的变化创造了许多这样的机会。作为创新和创业研究人员,我们正处在一个十字路口,需要将我们从过去获得的知识放在背景中,以理解现在正在发生的事情,并洞察未来。然而,如果不意识到它们可能很快就会在出版之前过时,就不可能涵盖大量的创新途径和趋势。然而,这并不(也不应该)阻碍我们作为创业学者探索有前景的创新趋势,这些趋势需要关注,尤其是在当今全球商业背景下。创造力和创造过程——企业家通常被视为创新的创造者,创新可以是激进的,也可以是渐进的。这个领域已经从局限地将创新定位为实体产品或服务,发展到包含创新概念,比如众筹,在众筹中,潜在客户同时是企业的资助者和投资者。随着众筹创新研究在创业领域的成熟,我们继续在众筹是什么、为什么、如何、何时、何地等方面寻求新的知识。这种日益增长的兴趣也适用于其他创新领域,例如,不同形式的自动化,如由大数据驱动的人工智能和机器学习,以及生产3D打印的创新方式。我们的兴趣超出了这些创新的机械、操作和工程方面,而是考虑它们与创业研究的相关性,以及它们如何推动该领域向前发展。炒作和趋势不断用创新和新颖的传播方法来满足渴望关注的市场。虽然炒作是短暂的,但炒作和趋势都为新兴机会提供了充足的空间,同时也为营销和创业提供了融合的想法。我们经常倾向于把可以概括和流行的东西理论化,然而,炒作和趋势可以为其他创新的出现提供基础,使它们更有必要深入探索。更好地理解创新、炒作和趋势之间的共生关系,可以为未来的创业研究提供多种途径。所有的创新都是在一个空间维度中被放置或感知的,这个空间维度可以像火星上的人口一样大,也可以像社交距离的空间一样小。空间仍然是一个热门话题,这并不奇怪,因为它将新事物置于环境中,以及这种新事物如何被定位在我们周围。我们通常把空间看作是一个维度,是我们通过把不同的东西放在一起而不断建立起来的。我们用我们的想象力去“创造”和实现在“现实”世界中还不存在的新事物。在当今世界,这种新空间的创造经常与虚拟空间的创造融合在一起,这一点通过虚拟世界概念的出现得到了证明。因此,我们认为有必要进行创新和创业研究,挑战并重新思考我们如何在新的社会、物理和虚拟空间中定位创新。分散的创新组织——多年来,关于我们如何建立网络和沟通的当前研究观点得到了实质性的发展。同时网络编辑
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引用次数: 5
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The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation
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