Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1088/2631-6331/ac77e5
Changfang Zhao, Kebin Zhang
Passive protective armor is reliable and cheap, and is favored by many armored weapons and equipment. However, reports on metal-liquid composite armor are not sufficient and systematic. Based on the shaped charge jet (SCJ), the anti-penetration capabilities of water filled aluminum alloy cell structure were studied. The hourglass cell structure (HCS) was designed according to the shock wave propagation characteristics in liquid, and the expansion-convergence cell structure (E-CCS) was derived. Based on the virtual origin theory, the residual tip velocity of jet after SCJ penetrated the cell structure was calculated. According to the theory of supersonic disturbance propagation, the Mach cone half angle of SCJ shock wave propagation in liquid was defined and corrected. The propagation and reflection behavior of shock wave were discussed to analysis the radial convergence of liquid. Via the Van Leer Arbitrary Lagrangian Euler finite element simulation model verified by experiments, the simulation studies of SCJ penetrated the circular cell structure (CCS), HCS, E-CCS and convergence/expansion multi-cell structure were performed. The results show that HCS has better effect of interfering with SCJ than that of CCS and E-CCS. An important discovery is that when the liquid composite multi-cell structure is penetrated by SCJ, the attacked cell will not affect other cells due to the shock wave has been trapped in a single cell.
{"title":"Investigation on anti-penetration capability of water filled aluminum alloy cell structure to the shaped charge jet","authors":"Changfang Zhao, Kebin Zhang","doi":"10.1088/2631-6331/ac77e5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-6331/ac77e5","url":null,"abstract":"Passive protective armor is reliable and cheap, and is favored by many armored weapons and equipment. However, reports on metal-liquid composite armor are not sufficient and systematic. Based on the shaped charge jet (SCJ), the anti-penetration capabilities of water filled aluminum alloy cell structure were studied. The hourglass cell structure (HCS) was designed according to the shock wave propagation characteristics in liquid, and the expansion-convergence cell structure (E-CCS) was derived. Based on the virtual origin theory, the residual tip velocity of jet after SCJ penetrated the cell structure was calculated. According to the theory of supersonic disturbance propagation, the Mach cone half angle of SCJ shock wave propagation in liquid was defined and corrected. The propagation and reflection behavior of shock wave were discussed to analysis the radial convergence of liquid. Via the Van Leer Arbitrary Lagrangian Euler finite element simulation model verified by experiments, the simulation studies of SCJ penetrated the circular cell structure (CCS), HCS, E-CCS and convergence/expansion multi-cell structure were performed. The results show that HCS has better effect of interfering with SCJ than that of CCS and E-CCS. An important discovery is that when the liquid composite multi-cell structure is penetrated by SCJ, the attacked cell will not affect other cells due to the shock wave has been trapped in a single cell.","PeriodicalId":12652,"journal":{"name":"Functional Composites and Structures","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61184036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-29DOI: 10.1088/2631-6331/ac46fa
Dongchul Park, Tianyu Yu, Soojeong Park, Do-Hoon Shin, Yun-Hae Kim
Permeability is a critical parameter not only in flow simulation analysis but also in liquid composite molding process. When a liquid resin is infused into a dry preform, the impregnation is mainly characterized by the permeability. The permeability of a dry preform can be obtained through theoretical and experimental methods. In the theoretical estimation of permeability, the effects of fiber arrangement as well as fabric type and form for various types of preforms are not sufficiently reflected in the calculation. Thus, there is a gap between the theoretical and experimental permeability. Recently, experimental determination has been gaining considerable attention as a mean to obtain accurate permeability values; however, it requires a number of trials. In this study, the permeability of the Hexforce G0926 5HS (five-harness satin) carbon fabric preform is estimated using representative theoretical prediction models, the Gebart and Kozeny–Carman equations. In addition to the Kozeny–Carman permeability (using the Kozeny constant values from literature), the Kozeny constant obtained through experiments was used to obtain a modified Kozeny–Carman permeability. All three calculated permeabilities were compared and verified with the fabric manufacturer’s reference value. The results showed that the modified Kozeny–Carman permeability using the experimentally determined Kozeny constant was closest to the reference value at 57% fiber volume fraction. Further, the predicted permeability was compared with other experimental permeability values from literature over the 40%–65% range of fiber volume fraction. We found that the modified Kozeny–Carman permeability once again came closest to the literature values. Finally, an optimized fitting equation was proposed to replace the Kozeny–Carman equation for predicting the permeability of Hexforce G0926 5HS carbon fabric over the 40%–65% fiber volume fraction range.
{"title":"Prediction of permeability of five-harness satin fabric by a modified Kozeny constant determined from experiments","authors":"Dongchul Park, Tianyu Yu, Soojeong Park, Do-Hoon Shin, Yun-Hae Kim","doi":"10.1088/2631-6331/ac46fa","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-6331/ac46fa","url":null,"abstract":"Permeability is a critical parameter not only in flow simulation analysis but also in liquid composite molding process. When a liquid resin is infused into a dry preform, the impregnation is mainly characterized by the permeability. The permeability of a dry preform can be obtained through theoretical and experimental methods. In the theoretical estimation of permeability, the effects of fiber arrangement as well as fabric type and form for various types of preforms are not sufficiently reflected in the calculation. Thus, there is a gap between the theoretical and experimental permeability. Recently, experimental determination has been gaining considerable attention as a mean to obtain accurate permeability values; however, it requires a number of trials. In this study, the permeability of the Hexforce G0926 5HS (five-harness satin) carbon fabric preform is estimated using representative theoretical prediction models, the Gebart and Kozeny–Carman equations. In addition to the Kozeny–Carman permeability (using the Kozeny constant values from literature), the Kozeny constant obtained through experiments was used to obtain a modified Kozeny–Carman permeability. All three calculated permeabilities were compared and verified with the fabric manufacturer’s reference value. The results showed that the modified Kozeny–Carman permeability using the experimentally determined Kozeny constant was closest to the reference value at 57% fiber volume fraction. Further, the predicted permeability was compared with other experimental permeability values from literature over the 40%–65% range of fiber volume fraction. We found that the modified Kozeny–Carman permeability once again came closest to the literature values. Finally, an optimized fitting equation was proposed to replace the Kozeny–Carman equation for predicting the permeability of Hexforce G0926 5HS carbon fabric over the 40%–65% fiber volume fraction range.","PeriodicalId":12652,"journal":{"name":"Functional Composites and Structures","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48352285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-13DOI: 10.1088/2631-6331/ac4279
Se Yeon Park, Moonjeong Jang, Wooseok Song, S. Lee, D. Yoon, K. An
Organic–inorganic hybrid dielectrics composed of nanoscale ceramic fillers in polymer matrices have attracted considerable attention because they can overcome the inherent limitations such as the low dielectric constant, high dielectric loss, and low film density associated with mechanically flexible pristine polymer materials. Barium titanate (BaTiO3), a representative perovskite-based material with a high permittivity, is suitable for applications as nanofillers in nanocomposite dielectrics. X-ray diffraction combined with Raman analysis suggest that a two-step hydrothermal synthesis, which uses synthesized TiO2 nanosheets as a template, is an effective method for the synthesis of pure BaTiO3 nanoparticles compared with other methods. Ultrasonic treatment is employed to disperse BaTiO3 nanoparticles with different concentrations in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer, and the dielectric performance of the nanocomposite films has been examined. In this study, 20 wt% BaTiO3–PVA nanocomposite dielectric showed superior capacitance and dielectric constant performance, i.e. five times higher than that of the pristine PVA.
{"title":"Boosted dielectric performance of organic–inorganic nanocomposites based on BaTiO3 via 2D TiO2 templates","authors":"Se Yeon Park, Moonjeong Jang, Wooseok Song, S. Lee, D. Yoon, K. An","doi":"10.1088/2631-6331/ac4279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-6331/ac4279","url":null,"abstract":"Organic–inorganic hybrid dielectrics composed of nanoscale ceramic fillers in polymer matrices have attracted considerable attention because they can overcome the inherent limitations such as the low dielectric constant, high dielectric loss, and low film density associated with mechanically flexible pristine polymer materials. Barium titanate (BaTiO3), a representative perovskite-based material with a high permittivity, is suitable for applications as nanofillers in nanocomposite dielectrics. X-ray diffraction combined with Raman analysis suggest that a two-step hydrothermal synthesis, which uses synthesized TiO2 nanosheets as a template, is an effective method for the synthesis of pure BaTiO3 nanoparticles compared with other methods. Ultrasonic treatment is employed to disperse BaTiO3 nanoparticles with different concentrations in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer, and the dielectric performance of the nanocomposite films has been examined. In this study, 20 wt% BaTiO3–PVA nanocomposite dielectric showed superior capacitance and dielectric constant performance, i.e. five times higher than that of the pristine PVA.","PeriodicalId":12652,"journal":{"name":"Functional Composites and Structures","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49278372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-07DOI: 10.1088/2631-6331/ac40a5
Jae-Hyuk Choi, Wonbo Shim, C. Rhie, Woong‐Ryeol Yu
Accurate prediction of the cure level of thermoset polymers is essential to simulate the thermomechanical behavior of polymeric thermoset sealants, which is strongly dependent on cure level. Conventional cure kinetics models, however, fail to accurately predict the cure levels of thermoset sealants subjected to a complex temperature program. Herein, we propose a new cure kinetics model that greatly enhances cure level predictability by considering temperature derivatives. The validity of our model was verified by simulating the thermomechanical behavior of a polymeric sealant using a user material subroutine (UMAT) of ABAQUS software. Experimental results from an appropriately designed thermomechanical test were compared with simulation results obtained from the UMAT.
{"title":"A new cure kinetics model to simulate thermomechanical behavior of polymeric sealants for automotive applications","authors":"Jae-Hyuk Choi, Wonbo Shim, C. Rhie, Woong‐Ryeol Yu","doi":"10.1088/2631-6331/ac40a5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-6331/ac40a5","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate prediction of the cure level of thermoset polymers is essential to simulate the thermomechanical behavior of polymeric thermoset sealants, which is strongly dependent on cure level. Conventional cure kinetics models, however, fail to accurately predict the cure levels of thermoset sealants subjected to a complex temperature program. Herein, we propose a new cure kinetics model that greatly enhances cure level predictability by considering temperature derivatives. The validity of our model was verified by simulating the thermomechanical behavior of a polymeric sealant using a user material subroutine (UMAT) of ABAQUS software. Experimental results from an appropriately designed thermomechanical test were compared with simulation results obtained from the UMAT.","PeriodicalId":12652,"journal":{"name":"Functional Composites and Structures","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41467289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.1088/2631-6331/ac407d
M. Afzali, V. Asghari
the purpose of this project was to introduce a way to improve the mechanical properties of welded dissimilar material, which gives benefits such as affordable, high speed, and suitable bond property. In this experimental project, the friction welding method has been applied, including combining parameters, such as numerical control (NC) machine including two different speeds, and three different cross-sections; including flat, cone, and step surfaces. When the welding process was done, samples were implemented and prepared via bending test of materials. the results have shown that, besides increasing the machining velocity, the surface friction increased, and so did the temperature. By considering the stated experimental facts, the melting temperature of composite materials has increased. This provides the possibility of having a better blend of nanomaterial compared to the base melted plastics. Thus, the result showed that, besides increasing the weight percentage (wt %) of Nanomaterials contents and machining velocity, the mechanical properties have increased on the welded area for all three types of samples. This enhancement is due to the better melting process on the welded area with attendance of various Nanoparticles contents. Also, the results showed that the shape of the welding area could play a significant role, and the results also change drastically where the shape changes. Optimum shape in the welding process has been dedicated to the step surface. The temperature causes the melting process, which is a significant factor in the friction welding process.
{"title":"Study the effect of Nano Zro2 and Tio2 and rotation speed on friction behavior of rotary friction welding of HIPS and P.P","authors":"M. Afzali, V. Asghari","doi":"10.1088/2631-6331/ac407d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-6331/ac407d","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 the purpose of this project was to introduce a way to improve the mechanical properties of welded dissimilar material, which gives benefits such as affordable, high speed, and suitable bond property. In this experimental project, the friction welding method has been applied, including combining parameters, such as numerical control (NC) machine including two different speeds, and three different cross-sections; including flat, cone, and step surfaces. When the welding process was done, samples were implemented and prepared via bending test of materials. the results have shown that, besides increasing the machining velocity, the surface friction increased, and so did the temperature. By considering the stated experimental facts, the melting temperature of composite materials has increased. This provides the possibility of having a better blend of nanomaterial compared to the base melted plastics. Thus, the result showed that, besides increasing the weight percentage (wt %) of Nanomaterials contents and machining velocity, the mechanical properties have increased on the welded area for all three types of samples. This enhancement is due to the better melting process on the welded area with attendance of various Nanoparticles contents. Also, the results showed that the shape of the welding area could play a significant role, and the results also change drastically where the shape changes. Optimum shape in the welding process has been dedicated to the step surface. The temperature causes the melting process, which is a significant factor in the friction welding process.","PeriodicalId":12652,"journal":{"name":"Functional Composites and Structures","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46305892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.1088/2631-6331/ac376e
P. Chandel, Y. Tyagi, K. Jha, Rajeev Kumar, Shubham Sharma, Jujhar Singh, R. A. Ilyas
Composites are being used in the place of metals in many industries as they have a lower density and are cheaper than metals. In aerospace industries there is requirement for light weight together with strength, and reinforced fibre composites are superior in some critical properties compared with metals. In this study, laminated composites were fabricated with woven E-glass and jute fibres in an epoxy matrix by a hand layup method. The samples were prepared as per the relevant the America Society for Testing ad Materials (ASTM) standard and tested for mode II interlaminar fracture toughness to investigate delamination resistance. Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness was evaluated by an end-notched flexure test using three-point bending. The fracture toughness G IIC was calculated for a curing temperature range from 40 °C to 70 °C at intervals of 5 °C for different sets of laminated composites. The investigations revealed that when the curing temperature of laminated composites was increased from 40 °C to 70 °C, the interlaminar fracture toughness G IIC was increased in neat woven E-glass laminated composites, decreased in neat jute laminated composites, significantly increased in laminated composites with woven E-glass fibres in compression and jute fibres in tension and slightly increased when woven E-glass fibres were kept in tension and jute fibres in compression.
{"title":"Study of mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of laminated composites of glass and jute fibres in epoxy for structural applications","authors":"P. Chandel, Y. Tyagi, K. Jha, Rajeev Kumar, Shubham Sharma, Jujhar Singh, R. A. Ilyas","doi":"10.1088/2631-6331/ac376e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-6331/ac376e","url":null,"abstract":"Composites are being used in the place of metals in many industries as they have a lower density and are cheaper than metals. In aerospace industries there is requirement for light weight together with strength, and reinforced fibre composites are superior in some critical properties compared with metals. In this study, laminated composites were fabricated with woven E-glass and jute fibres in an epoxy matrix by a hand layup method. The samples were prepared as per the relevant the America Society for Testing ad Materials (ASTM) standard and tested for mode II interlaminar fracture toughness to investigate delamination resistance. Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness was evaluated by an end-notched flexure test using three-point bending. The fracture toughness G IIC was calculated for a curing temperature range from 40 °C to 70 °C at intervals of 5 °C for different sets of laminated composites. The investigations revealed that when the curing temperature of laminated composites was increased from 40 °C to 70 °C, the interlaminar fracture toughness G IIC was increased in neat woven E-glass laminated composites, decreased in neat jute laminated composites, significantly increased in laminated composites with woven E-glass fibres in compression and jute fibres in tension and slightly increased when woven E-glass fibres were kept in tension and jute fibres in compression.","PeriodicalId":12652,"journal":{"name":"Functional Composites and Structures","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43308352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-26DOI: 10.1088/2631-6331/ac3ddc
Phan Khanh Linh Tran, M. Kim, Thanh Hai Nguyen, D. Tran, N. Kim, J. Lee
In this work, we used an interfacial engineering method to investigate a novel hybrid of two-dimensional cobalt sulfide-Mxene (2D CoS-Mo2TiC2) heterostructure supported by a three-dimensional foam substrate. The modification electronic properties caused by unique interfacial interactions resulted in a significant increase in the number of electroactive sites and charge transfer ability, thereby accelerating kinetics of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in an alkaline medium. The catalyst required overpotential of 248.2 and 310 mV at a current response of 50 mA cm−2 for HER and OER, respectively, along with a remarkable stability. In addition, a two-electrode electrolyzer derived from the developed 2D CoS-Mo2TiC2 catalyst showed a cell voltage of 1.74 V at 10 mA cm−2 and a good stability during 25 h continuous operation. The achieved results were associated to the formation of a unique interfacial heterostructure with the strong interaction between two material phases, which effectively modified electronic structure and surface chemistry, thereby leading to the enhancement of catalytic performance. The study offered a potential route to synthesize new catalyst for green hydrogen production via water splitting.
在这项工作中，我们使用界面工程方法研究了由三维泡沫衬底支撑的二维硫化钴- mxene (2D CoS-Mo2TiC2)异质结构的新型杂化。独特的界面相互作用引起的电子性质的修饰导致电活性位点数量和电荷转移能力的显著增加，从而加速了碱性介质中析氢反应(HER)和析氧反应(OER)的动力学。对于HER和OER，催化剂在50 mA cm−2的电流响应下分别需要248.2和310 mV的过电位，并且具有显著的稳定性。此外，采用该催化剂制备的双电极电解槽在10 mA cm - 2条件下具有1.74 V的电池电压，且在连续运行25 h时具有良好的稳定性。所取得的结果与形成独特的界面异质结构有关，两种材料相之间的强相互作用有效地修饰了电子结构和表面化学，从而提高了催化性能。该研究为水裂解合成新型绿色制氢催化剂提供了一条潜在途径。
{"title":"Interfacial engineering for design of novel 2D cobalt sulfide-Mxene heterostructured catalyst toward alkaline water splitting","authors":"Phan Khanh Linh Tran, M. Kim, Thanh Hai Nguyen, D. Tran, N. Kim, J. Lee","doi":"10.1088/2631-6331/ac3ddc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-6331/ac3ddc","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we used an interfacial engineering method to investigate a novel hybrid of two-dimensional cobalt sulfide-Mxene (2D CoS-Mo2TiC2) heterostructure supported by a three-dimensional foam substrate. The modification electronic properties caused by unique interfacial interactions resulted in a significant increase in the number of electroactive sites and charge transfer ability, thereby accelerating kinetics of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in an alkaline medium. The catalyst required overpotential of 248.2 and 310 mV at a current response of 50 mA cm−2 for HER and OER, respectively, along with a remarkable stability. In addition, a two-electrode electrolyzer derived from the developed 2D CoS-Mo2TiC2 catalyst showed a cell voltage of 1.74 V at 10 mA cm−2 and a good stability during 25 h continuous operation. The achieved results were associated to the formation of a unique interfacial heterostructure with the strong interaction between two material phases, which effectively modified electronic structure and surface chemistry, thereby leading to the enhancement of catalytic performance. The study offered a potential route to synthesize new catalyst for green hydrogen production via water splitting.","PeriodicalId":12652,"journal":{"name":"Functional Composites and Structures","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48321973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-18DOI: 10.1088/2631-6331/ac3afc
S. Boopathi, V. Balasubramani, R. S. Kumar, G. Singh
The demand for natural composite products to make various industrial and commercial products and protect the environment is continuously increasing. In this paper, a hybrid plant fiber composite (HPFC) is produced by a hand lay-up molding method using 64 wt% resin matrix and 36 wt% natural fibers (kenaf, Grewia and human hair). The influences of the weight of the natural fibers on tensile, flexural and impact strengths were investigated by the simplex lattice method. It was revealed that the percentage contribution of kenaf and human hair fibers to tensile strength, flexural and impact strengths is higher than that of Grewia fiber. The optimum weight percentage of fibers is 13.5 wt% kenaf, 15.3 wt% human hair and 7.2 wt% Grewia to produce a HPFC with desirable mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of the HPFC were compared with those of HPFC without human hair. The tensile, flexural, and impact strengths of the HPFC were 17.95%, 11.1% and 19.79% higher than the HPFC without human hair. The predicted optimum HPFC for making commercial products to fulfill consumer demand is recommended.
{"title":"The influence of human hair on kenaf and Grewia fiber-based hybrid natural composite material: an experimental study","authors":"S. Boopathi, V. Balasubramani, R. S. Kumar, G. Singh","doi":"10.1088/2631-6331/ac3afc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-6331/ac3afc","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for natural composite products to make various industrial and commercial products and protect the environment is continuously increasing. In this paper, a hybrid plant fiber composite (HPFC) is produced by a hand lay-up molding method using 64 wt% resin matrix and 36 wt% natural fibers (kenaf, Grewia and human hair). The influences of the weight of the natural fibers on tensile, flexural and impact strengths were investigated by the simplex lattice method. It was revealed that the percentage contribution of kenaf and human hair fibers to tensile strength, flexural and impact strengths is higher than that of Grewia fiber. The optimum weight percentage of fibers is 13.5 wt% kenaf, 15.3 wt% human hair and 7.2 wt% Grewia to produce a HPFC with desirable mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of the HPFC were compared with those of HPFC without human hair. The tensile, flexural, and impact strengths of the HPFC were 17.95%, 11.1% and 19.79% higher than the HPFC without human hair. The predicted optimum HPFC for making commercial products to fulfill consumer demand is recommended.","PeriodicalId":12652,"journal":{"name":"Functional Composites and Structures","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43505962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-18DOI: 10.1088/2631-6331/ac3afb
L. Sukhodub, A. Pogrebnjak, L. Sukhodub, A. Sagidugumar, A. Kistaubayeva, I. Savitskaya, A. Talipova, A. Sadibekov, N. Kantay, K. Akatan, A. Turlybekuly
The influence of silver ions on the antibacterial properties and morphology of hydroxyapatite-silver (HA-Ag) and hydroxyapatite-alginate-silver (HA-Alg-Ag) nanocomposites was studied. The microstructure and phase composition of the obtained nanocomposites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the formation of the crystalline phase of Ag3PO4 was proved. According to the results, silver ions were incorporated into the HA structure, partially replacing calcium ions. Assessment of the antimicrobial activity was carried out on Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial test cultures by the co-incubation and modified agar diffusion methods. We demonstrated that the antimicrobial and adhesive properties of both Ag-HA and HA-Alg-Ag are strongly affected by the crystal lattice structure, controlled by the location of silver ions. The composite materials could be of great interest in the biomedical field, including in the design of coatings that prevent or slow the development of bacterial biofilms.
研究了银离子对羟基磷灰石-银(HA-Ag)和羟基磷灰石-海藻酸盐-银(HA-Ag - ag)纳米复合材料的抗菌性能和形貌的影响。采用扫描电镜、透射电镜、x射线衍射和傅里叶变换红外光谱对制备的纳米复合材料的微观结构和相组成进行了研究，证实了Ag3PO4晶相的形成。结果表明，银离子被吸收到HA结构中，部分取代了钙离子。采用共培养法和改良琼脂扩散法对革兰氏阴性菌(铜绿假单胞菌)和革兰氏阳性菌(金黄色葡萄球菌)进行抑菌活性评价。我们证明Ag-HA和ha - ag - ag - ag的抗菌和粘附性能都受到银离子位置控制的晶格结构的强烈影响。这种复合材料可能在生物医学领域引起极大的兴趣，包括设计防止或减缓细菌生物膜发展的涂层。
{"title":"Antibacterial and physical characteristics of silver-loaded hydroxyapatite/alginate composites","authors":"L. Sukhodub, A. Pogrebnjak, L. Sukhodub, A. Sagidugumar, A. Kistaubayeva, I. Savitskaya, A. Talipova, A. Sadibekov, N. Kantay, K. Akatan, A. Turlybekuly","doi":"10.1088/2631-6331/ac3afb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-6331/ac3afb","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of silver ions on the antibacterial properties and morphology of hydroxyapatite-silver (HA-Ag) and hydroxyapatite-alginate-silver (HA-Alg-Ag) nanocomposites was studied. The microstructure and phase composition of the obtained nanocomposites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the formation of the crystalline phase of Ag3PO4 was proved. According to the results, silver ions were incorporated into the HA structure, partially replacing calcium ions. Assessment of the antimicrobial activity was carried out on Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial test cultures by the co-incubation and modified agar diffusion methods. We demonstrated that the antimicrobial and adhesive properties of both Ag-HA and HA-Alg-Ag are strongly affected by the crystal lattice structure, controlled by the location of silver ions. The composite materials could be of great interest in the biomedical field, including in the design of coatings that prevent or slow the development of bacterial biofilms.","PeriodicalId":12652,"journal":{"name":"Functional Composites and Structures","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46166724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-08DOI: 10.1088/2631-6331/ac376f
K. Banu, Sr Udith Ferdila, M. Jennifer
The graphene oxide (GO) and GO–zinc oxide (GO–ZnO) nanocomposite were prepared using simplified techniques with modified Hummer’s and solvothermal methods for photocatalytic application. In a comparative study, the optimized geometries, binding energies, electronic properties, non-linear optical properties and density of states (DOS) of GO–ZnO were calculated using density functional theory calculations with the B3LYP method and 6-31G (d,p) and LanL2DZ basis sets to examine the binding site of a methylene blue (MB) dye systematically. The result of natural bond orbital analysis revealed the effective charge transfer and also explained the mechanism and efficiency of the photocatalytic activity of GO–ZnO. DOS supported the strong interaction of MB with GO–ZnO leading to the degradation of the MB dye. The theoretical results obtained depict the existence of n → σ*, n→ n* and σ → σ* interactions, improved charge transfer, and reduced band gap which establish the use of GO–ZnO in visible light photocatalysis. Characterization methods such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet (UV) analysis were carried out to support our theoretical results. The XRD results confirmed the particle size of 21 nm with inter-layer spacing of 0.87 nm. FTIR spectroscopy indicated the characteristic bands related to the elements in GO–ZnO. The higher electrical conductivity was studied using UV–Vis spectral analysis. The calculated results show good agreement with experimental observations which reveal that the GO–ZnO nanocomposite has good photocatalytic behavior.
{"title":"Photocatalytic application of graphene oxide–ZnO nanocomposite for the reduction of methylene blue dye","authors":"K. Banu, Sr Udith Ferdila, M. Jennifer","doi":"10.1088/2631-6331/ac376f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-6331/ac376f","url":null,"abstract":"The graphene oxide (GO) and GO–zinc oxide (GO–ZnO) nanocomposite were prepared using simplified techniques with modified Hummer’s and solvothermal methods for photocatalytic application. In a comparative study, the optimized geometries, binding energies, electronic properties, non-linear optical properties and density of states (DOS) of GO–ZnO were calculated using density functional theory calculations with the B3LYP method and 6-31G (d,p) and LanL2DZ basis sets to examine the binding site of a methylene blue (MB) dye systematically. The result of natural bond orbital analysis revealed the effective charge transfer and also explained the mechanism and efficiency of the photocatalytic activity of GO–ZnO. DOS supported the strong interaction of MB with GO–ZnO leading to the degradation of the MB dye. The theoretical results obtained depict the existence of n → σ*, n→ n* and σ → σ* interactions, improved charge transfer, and reduced band gap which establish the use of GO–ZnO in visible light photocatalysis. Characterization methods such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet (UV) analysis were carried out to support our theoretical results. The XRD results confirmed the particle size of 21 nm with inter-layer spacing of 0.87 nm. FTIR spectroscopy indicated the characteristic bands related to the elements in GO–ZnO. The higher electrical conductivity was studied using UV–Vis spectral analysis. The calculated results show good agreement with experimental observations which reveal that the GO–ZnO nanocomposite has good photocatalytic behavior.","PeriodicalId":12652,"journal":{"name":"Functional Composites and Structures","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48612094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：