Dagar Deepika, .. J. Rani, Preeti Preeti, Ruchi Ruchi
Background & objectives: Mechanical low back pain is a common musculoskeletal disorder causing back pain in lower thoracic and lumber region. A weak core is believed to cause alterations in the transfer of energy, resulting in reduced ADLs. Hence it is very necessary to keep your core muscles strong. The objective of this study was to nd the effectiveness of core strengthening exercises training on pain and exibility in patients with mechanical low back pain. Methods: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the subjects were selected in the study. Assessment of the participants was done which included Basic Demographics, History of injury, Basic Anthropometry (Height, Weight and BMI), History of the condition. Core muscle strength was assessed by exor endurance test, side bridge test and extensor endurance test followed by assessment of pain by visual analogue scale (VAS and JOA back pain evaluation questionnaire (JOABPEQ). Flexibility was assessed by sit and reach test. This was the pre assessment information and documented for all the participants. After 6 weeks of core stability training post assessment was done by using same assessment tests. Results: Core stability training plays a vital role in decreasing pain and improving exibility in patients with mechanical low back pain. Result of the present study showed statistically signicant difference between pre and post intervention. Interpretation & conclusions: Core stability training is effective in decreasing pain and improving exibility in patients with mechanical low back pain.
{"title":"EFFECT OF CORE STABILITY TRAINING ON PAIN AND FLEXIBILITY IN PATIENTS WITH MECHANICAL LOW BACK PAIN","authors":"Dagar Deepika, .. J. Rani, Preeti Preeti, Ruchi Ruchi","doi":"10.36106/gjra/1200602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/gjra/1200602","url":null,"abstract":"Background & objectives: Mechanical low back pain is a common musculoskeletal disorder causing\u0000back pain in lower thoracic and lumber region. A weak core is believed to cause alterations in the transfer\u0000of energy, resulting in reduced ADLs. Hence it is very necessary to keep your core muscles strong. The objective of this study was\u0000to nd the effectiveness of core strengthening exercises training on pain and exibility in patients with mechanical low back\u0000pain. Methods: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the subjects were selected in the study. Assessment of the\u0000participants was done which included Basic Demographics, History of injury, Basic Anthropometry (Height, Weight and BMI),\u0000History of the condition. Core muscle strength was assessed by exor endurance test, side bridge test and extensor endurance\u0000test followed by assessment of pain by visual analogue scale (VAS and JOA back pain evaluation questionnaire (JOABPEQ).\u0000Flexibility was assessed by sit and reach test. This was the pre assessment information and documented for all the participants.\u0000After 6 weeks of core stability training post assessment was done by using same assessment tests. Results: Core stability\u0000training plays a vital role in decreasing pain and improving exibility in patients with mechanical low back pain. Result of the\u0000present study showed statistically signicant difference between pre and post intervention. Interpretation & conclusions:\u0000Core stability training is effective in decreasing pain and improving exibility in patients with mechanical low back pain.","PeriodicalId":12664,"journal":{"name":"Global journal for research analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140455788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noratan Jatiya, Samay Singh, Vijay Rajak, P. Kaushik
Introduction: There has been a signicant rise in cardiac-related casualities globally during the last few decades, especially among urban population. In India, ischemic heart disease has become prevalent, affecting roughly 10% of the population. The role of pathologist is to study the various disease process which lead to death and to establish the cause of death. Autopsies are crucial in evaluating the underlying causes responsible for such mortalities. As post-mortem analysis of heart is the the main diagnostic tool to study gross and histopathological changes in healthy or diseased heart, an autopsy study of heart was therefore planned to observe various histopathological changes. Aim and Objectives: The objective of this research was to examine the histomorphological characteristics of different heart lesions, including both gross and microscopic observations, in heart specimens obtained post-mortem at the Department of Pathology, RNT Medical College, Udaipur, over a one-year period. A prospective study was conducted in the Materials and Methods: department of pathology, RNT Medical College Udaipur over a period of one year. We examined a total of 157 autopsies, regardless of the cause of death, with 7 cases being too autolyzed for inclusion. Therefore, our study included 150 whole heart specimens. These specimens underwent gross examination, and microscopic sections stained with H&E were analyzed to identify various histopathological alterations. The observed ndings were then clinically correlated. Atherosclerosis Results: emerged as the predominant cardiac lesion, evident in 67 out of 150 autopsied hearts (44.66%), followed by ischemic heart disease observed in 26 cases (17.33%). Myocardial hypertrophy was present in 21 cases (14%), while myocarditis was noted in 6 cases. Additionally, changes indicative of electrocution were found in 2 cases, tuberculosis in 3 cases, stenosis of the aortic valve in 4 cases, and metastasis from lung carcinoma in 1 case. Age-related alterations were detected in 15 cases, while congestion was observed in 19 cases. Two cases each of rheumatic heart disease and congenital anomalies were also identied. Notably, the cause of death remained undetermined in 47 cases (31.33%) despite comprehensive macroscopic and microscopic examination. Among the major vessels, the left anterior descending artery was the most frequently affected (37.31%), followed by the right coronary artery (32.83%) and the left circumex artery (29.85%). Of the three major vessels, 18.37% exhibited single-vessel involvement, while 34.32% and 47.31% of cases showed involvement of two and three vessels, respectively. Correlation analysis between age and atherosclerosis revealed a signicant p-value of less than <0.05. Although males exhibited a slightly higher prevalence of atherosclerotic changes, the difference was not statistically signicant. Conclusion: Ischemic heart disease emerged as the predominant cause of morbidity and mortality with
{"title":"HISTOPATHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF VARIOUS CHANGES IN HEART – AN AUTOPSY BASED STUDY","authors":"Noratan Jatiya, Samay Singh, Vijay Rajak, P. Kaushik","doi":"10.36106/gjra/4007150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/gjra/4007150","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: There has been a signicant rise in cardiac-related casualities globally during the last few\u0000decades, especially among urban population. In India, ischemic heart disease has become prevalent,\u0000affecting roughly 10% of the population. The role of pathologist is to study the various disease process which lead to death and\u0000to establish the cause of death. Autopsies are crucial in evaluating the underlying causes responsible for such mortalities. As\u0000post-mortem analysis of heart is the the main diagnostic tool to study gross and histopathological changes in healthy or\u0000diseased heart, an autopsy study of heart was therefore planned to observe various histopathological changes. Aim and\u0000Objectives: The objective of this research was to examine the histomorphological characteristics of different heart lesions,\u0000including both gross and microscopic observations, in heart specimens obtained post-mortem at the Department of Pathology,\u0000RNT Medical College, Udaipur, over a one-year period. A prospective study was conducted in the Materials and Methods:\u0000department of pathology, RNT Medical College Udaipur over a period of one year. We examined a total of 157 autopsies,\u0000regardless of the cause of death, with 7 cases being too autolyzed for inclusion. Therefore, our study included 150 whole heart\u0000specimens. These specimens underwent gross examination, and microscopic sections stained with H&E were analyzed to\u0000identify various histopathological alterations. The observed ndings were then clinically correlated. Atherosclerosis Results:\u0000emerged as the predominant cardiac lesion, evident in 67 out of 150 autopsied hearts (44.66%), followed by ischemic heart\u0000disease observed in 26 cases (17.33%). Myocardial hypertrophy was present in 21 cases (14%), while myocarditis was noted in\u00006 cases. Additionally, changes indicative of electrocution were found in 2 cases, tuberculosis in 3 cases, stenosis of the aortic\u0000valve in 4 cases, and metastasis from lung carcinoma in 1 case. Age-related alterations were detected in 15 cases, while\u0000congestion was observed in 19 cases. Two cases each of rheumatic heart disease and congenital anomalies were also\u0000identied. Notably, the cause of death remained undetermined in 47 cases (31.33%) despite comprehensive macroscopic and\u0000microscopic examination. Among the major vessels, the left anterior descending artery was the most frequently affected\u0000(37.31%), followed by the right coronary artery (32.83%) and the left circumex artery (29.85%). Of the three major vessels,\u000018.37% exhibited single-vessel involvement, while 34.32% and 47.31% of cases showed involvement of two and three vessels,\u0000respectively. Correlation analysis between age and atherosclerosis revealed a signicant p-value of less than <0.05. Although\u0000males exhibited a slightly higher prevalence of atherosclerotic changes, the difference was not statistically signicant.\u0000Conclusion: Ischemic heart disease emerged as the predominant cause of morbidity and mortality with","PeriodicalId":12664,"journal":{"name":"Global journal for research analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140455923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The lungs are affected by a wide range of infectious, inammatory, occupational, and neoplastic disorders. Thousands of individuals worldwide suffer from many of these avoidable and treatable pulmonary diseases. Additionally, the lungs play a secondary role in numerous fatal illnesses of the body. Despite advances in clinical, radiological, and other diagnostic modalities, including available invasive procedures, it is still not always possible to accurately diagnose underlying pathological processes. In these situations, autopsy-based histomorphological examination of the lungs serves as a useful tool for understanding pathophysiology and disease progression from the perspectives of pathologists and researchers. To study the various chang Aims and Objective: es in lungs,submitted for autopsy,involved in different pathological conditions and to understand their diagnostic, preventive, curative importance as well as application in research activity. This prospective study includ Material and Method: es a gross and histopathogical evaluation of 220 autopsied lungs (Pieces and occasionally Whole) that were received at the pathology department of RNT Medical College in Udaipur over a two-year period (January 22–December 23). A total of 202 specimens were investigated after 18 of the 220 lung specimens were autolyzed and removed from the study. After the specimens were xed in 10% formalin, they were processed according to protocol, parafn sectioning was done followed by Hematoxylene and Eosin (H and E) staining was applied, with the use of specic stains as needed. Data from police inquiries, autopsy reports, and received clinical histories have been correlated with our microscopic and gross results. 202 Results: lung specimens ranging in age from 0 to 75 years were examined in detail, both grossly and microscopically. Of them, 88 instances (43.56%) impacted the age group of 31 to 45 years, followed by 16 to 30 years. Compared to women (46,22.72%), men were signicantly more affected (156,77.22%). According to chronological sequence, the most frequent lesions were congestion and pulmonary edema (47.52%), followed by pneumonia (14.35%), emphysema (8.41%), tuberculosis (6.93%) and Congestion, pulmonary edema including intra-alveolar hemorrhages (5.44%) seen. In addition, cases of numerous other diseases, such as ARDS, chronic bronchitis, lung abscess, aspiration pneumonitis, and pulmonary thromboembolism, are found upon gross and microscopic examination. Additionally, there are two cases of primary malignancy, one each of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, and one case of metastatis in varying proportions. Despite excessive attempts, we were unable to identify any pathology in 15 tissues (7.42%). The results of this study show that, des Conclusions: pite major advancements in current diagnostic pathology, infectious and inammatory lesions remain the most frequently encountered entities and cause a considerable amount of morbidi
{"title":"AN AUTOPSY BASED TWO YEAR PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF HISTOPATHOLOGICAL LESIONS OF LUNGS","authors":"Noratan Jatiya, Vijay Rajak, Jigyasu Joshi","doi":"10.36106/gjra/2307557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/gjra/2307557","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The lungs are affected by a wide range of infectious, inammatory, occupational, and\u0000neoplastic disorders. Thousands of individuals worldwide suffer from many of these avoidable and\u0000treatable pulmonary diseases. Additionally, the lungs play a secondary role in numerous fatal illnesses of the body. Despite\u0000advances in clinical, radiological, and other diagnostic modalities, including available invasive procedures, it is still not\u0000always possible to accurately diagnose underlying pathological processes. In these situations, autopsy-based\u0000histomorphological examination of the lungs serves as a useful tool for understanding pathophysiology and disease\u0000progression from the perspectives of pathologists and researchers. To study the various chang Aims and Objective: es in\u0000lungs,submitted for autopsy,involved in different pathological conditions and to understand their diagnostic, preventive,\u0000curative importance as well as application in research activity. This prospective study includ Material and Method: es a gross\u0000and histopathogical evaluation of 220 autopsied lungs (Pieces and occasionally Whole) that were received at the pathology\u0000department of RNT Medical College in Udaipur over a two-year period (January 22–December 23). A total of 202 specimens\u0000were investigated after 18 of the 220 lung specimens were autolyzed and removed from the study. After the specimens were\u0000xed in 10% formalin, they were processed according to protocol, parafn sectioning was done followed by Hematoxylene and\u0000Eosin (H and E) staining was applied, with the use of specic stains as needed. Data from police inquiries, autopsy reports, and\u0000received clinical histories have been correlated with our microscopic and gross results. 202 Results: lung specimens ranging in\u0000age from 0 to 75 years were examined in detail, both grossly and microscopically. Of them, 88 instances (43.56%) impacted the\u0000age group of 31 to 45 years, followed by 16 to 30 years. Compared to women (46,22.72%), men were signicantly more affected\u0000(156,77.22%). According to chronological sequence, the most frequent lesions were congestion and pulmonary edema\u0000(47.52%), followed by pneumonia (14.35%), emphysema (8.41%), tuberculosis (6.93%) and Congestion, pulmonary edema\u0000including intra-alveolar hemorrhages (5.44%) seen. In addition, cases of numerous other diseases, such as ARDS, chronic\u0000bronchitis, lung abscess, aspiration pneumonitis, and pulmonary thromboembolism, are found upon gross and microscopic\u0000examination. Additionally, there are two cases of primary malignancy, one each of squamous cell carcinoma and\u0000adenocarcinoma, and one case of metastatis in varying proportions. Despite excessive attempts, we were unable to identify\u0000any pathology in 15 tissues (7.42%). The results of this study show that, des Conclusions: pite major advancements in current\u0000diagnostic pathology, infectious and inammatory lesions remain the most frequently encountered entities and cause a\u0000considerable amount of morbidi","PeriodicalId":12664,"journal":{"name":"Global journal for research analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140455554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Pirosha, Bhavana M Bharambe, Jesmy Emily Joseph
Rhabdomyosarcoma is extremely rare; comprising 0.4 to <1% of cervical cancers in female. One of the least common sites for its occurrence in genitourinary tract is cervix and it requires to be differentiated from other sarcomas; particularly adenosarcoma as it has relatively better prognosis but there is not sufcient literature relating to the diagnosis and management of primary sarcoma cervix. We hereby report a case of 22-year-old female who presented with complaints of vaginal intermenstrual bleeding for 1.5 months. On physical and radiological examination was found to have a cervical mass measuring 3.3x4.4x4.5 cm. On microscopy the case was diagnosed as Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma cervix. Patient was managed conservatively by chemotherapy and is currently disease free. The aim and objective of our study is to discuss the approach while reporting the histopathology of sarcoma cervix with review of literature and how to differentiate between its close mimickers as therapeutics and outcome for each condition varies .
{"title":"DIAGNOSTIC CHALLENGES IN CERVICAL EMBRYONAL RHABDOMYOSARCOMA IN YOUNG FEMALE: REVIEW OF LITERATURE.","authors":"A. Pirosha, Bhavana M Bharambe, Jesmy Emily Joseph","doi":"10.36106/gjra/9306641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/gjra/9306641","url":null,"abstract":"Rhabdomyosarcoma is extremely rare; comprising 0.4 to <1% of cervical cancers in female. One of the\u0000least common sites for its occurrence in genitourinary tract is cervix and it requires to be differentiated\u0000from other sarcomas; particularly adenosarcoma as it has relatively better prognosis but there is not sufcient literature relating\u0000to the diagnosis and management of primary sarcoma cervix. We hereby report a case of 22-year-old female who presented with\u0000complaints of vaginal intermenstrual bleeding for 1.5 months. On physical and radiological examination was found to have a\u0000cervical mass measuring 3.3x4.4x4.5 cm. On microscopy the case was diagnosed as Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma cervix.\u0000Patient was managed conservatively by chemotherapy and is currently disease free. The aim and objective of our study is to\u0000discuss the approach while reporting the histopathology of sarcoma cervix with review of literature and how to differentiate\u0000between its close mimickers as therapeutics and outcome for each condition varies .","PeriodicalId":12664,"journal":{"name":"Global journal for research analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140456281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Pleomorphic adenomas are benign tumors of the salivary gland. In the palate they present as slow growing submucosal mass on hard palate. Most common salivary gland tumor, is also known as benign mixed tumors, because of its dual origin from epithelial and myoepithelial elements. The pros Methods: pective study was conducted in ENT department, tertiary care centre, over a period of one year. This study aims to focus on age, size, clinical presentations, radiological features and management of tumors. After the clinical suspicion FNAC and Computed tomography done in all patients before any surgical intervention. Most common involved age group is 20-40 years Results: , and common symptom is palatal swelling. CT scan shown palatal bone erosion in 2 patients and FNAC report is diagnostic in all cases. Wide local excision done in all cases and no recurrence found in one year of follow up. Conclusion: The incidence of pleomorphic adenoma is high among adults and along with clinical suspicion FNAC is diagnostic tool, CT scan done to rule out any bony erosion. Wide local excision is best treatment.
{"title":"PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA OF HARD PALATE: CASE SERIES OF EIGHT PATIENTS AT TERTIARY CARE CENTRE","authors":"Ramraj Yadav, Deepak Kumar Gupta, Sanjay Kumar Saroj, Ashvanee Chaudhary, Birendra Kumar, Vishwambhar Singh, Rajesh Kumar","doi":"10.36106/gjra/9807697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/gjra/9807697","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pleomorphic adenomas are benign tumors of the salivary gland. In the palate they present\u0000as slow growing submucosal mass on hard palate. Most common salivary gland tumor, is also known as\u0000benign mixed tumors, because of its dual origin from epithelial and myoepithelial elements. The pros Methods: pective study\u0000was conducted in ENT department, tertiary care centre, over a period of one year. This study aims to focus on age, size, clinical\u0000presentations, radiological features and management of tumors. After the clinical suspicion FNAC and Computed tomography\u0000done in all patients before any surgical intervention. Most common involved age group is 20-40 years Results: , and common\u0000symptom is palatal swelling. CT scan shown palatal bone erosion in 2 patients and FNAC report is diagnostic in all cases. Wide\u0000local excision done in all cases and no recurrence found in one year of follow up. Conclusion: The incidence of pleomorphic\u0000adenoma is high among adults and along with clinical suspicion FNAC is diagnostic tool, CT scan done to rule out any bony\u0000erosion. Wide local excision is best treatment.","PeriodicalId":12664,"journal":{"name":"Global journal for research analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140455688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disorder of Central Nervous System. Frequency of MS varies in different populations. The precise cause of MS is still unknown. Pathophysiology of neurological tissue destruction in Multiple Sclerosis results from a complex interaction between the neurons, glia and immune system. There is a wide range of symptoms seen in MS including weakness, spasticity, gait and balance problems, urinary incontinence, postural sway, dysarthria< dysphagia and sensory loss etc. Disease-modifying drugs are the long-term treatment for MS but cannot cure the disease itself but only aid in slowing the progression and preventing new attacks, symptom are-ups and delay the advance of the disease. These may reduce nerve inammation and manage the are-ups. The rehabilitation team works with patients and their family on physical and psychosocial aspects in order to promote a superior QoL. A regular and well planned physiotherapy program helps in increasing stability and with appropriate drug treatment, over a period of about time leads to an improvement in stability along with a consecutive decrease in the relapse number. A well designed rehabilitation program along with necessary precautions should be used to improve the overall conditioning of the patient.
{"title":"CURRENT UNDERSTANDING OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS","authors":"Avi Choudhary, Himani Kaushik","doi":"10.36106/gjra/3607880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/gjra/3607880","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disorder of Central Nervous System. Frequency of MS\u0000varies in different populations. The precise cause of MS is still unknown. Pathophysiology of neurological\u0000tissue destruction in Multiple Sclerosis results from a complex interaction between the neurons, glia and immune system. There\u0000is a wide range of symptoms seen in MS including weakness, spasticity, gait and balance problems, urinary incontinence,\u0000postural sway, dysarthria< dysphagia and sensory loss etc. Disease-modifying drugs are the long-term treatment for MS but\u0000cannot cure the disease itself but only aid in slowing the progression and preventing new attacks, symptom are-ups and delay\u0000the advance of the disease. These may reduce nerve inammation and manage the are-ups. The rehabilitation team works\u0000with patients and their family on physical and psychosocial aspects in order to promote a superior QoL. A regular and well\u0000planned physiotherapy program helps in increasing stability and with appropriate drug treatment, over a period of about time\u0000leads to an improvement in stability along with a consecutive decrease in the relapse number. A well designed rehabilitation\u0000program along with necessary precautions should be used to improve the overall conditioning of the patient.","PeriodicalId":12664,"journal":{"name":"Global journal for research analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140456143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this article is to raise the issue of school dropouts and the educational rights of transgender individuals in Delhi. The topic itself is a subject of debate within the gender community in this area. The article utilizes secondary data. The transgender society in Delhi has an organized association to address acts of injustice, and through questionnaires and direct interviews, the researchers gathered additional information about school dropouts. To gain a better understanding of this issue, the researchers reviewed numerous publications by scholars. The paper also provides recommendations for reducing the dropout rate among transgender students, making it a highly relevant contribution to this eld of study.
{"title":"DROPOUTS OF TRANSGENDER IN THE SCHOOLS OF DELHI: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY","authors":"Jitendra Kumar, Priya Soni Khare","doi":"10.36106/gjra/8707974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/gjra/8707974","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to raise the issue of school dropouts and the educational rights of\u0000transgender individuals in Delhi. The topic itself is a subject of debate within the gender community in this\u0000area. The article utilizes secondary data. The transgender society in Delhi has an organized association to address acts of\u0000injustice, and through questionnaires and direct interviews, the researchers gathered additional information about school\u0000dropouts. To gain a better understanding of this issue, the researchers reviewed numerous publications by scholars. The paper\u0000also provides recommendations for reducing the dropout rate among transgender students, making it a highly relevant\u0000contribution to this eld of study.","PeriodicalId":12664,"journal":{"name":"Global journal for research analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140455468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Papillary microcarcinoma thyroid (PMCT) are mostly diagnosed incidentally after thyroidectomy even in this era with advanced diagnostic modalities. Even though PMCT have a good prognosis and low rate of recurrence, PMCT can rarely behave as cancer with metastasis and invasion. Hence there is a need for determining clinicopathologic features associated with PMCT to help clinicians optimise thyroidectomy in such patients and avoid complications of frank malignancy. Methods This cross-sectional observational study was done in surgery department of a tertiary care hospital in India. All patients diagnosed with PMCT in thyroidectomy specimen from 2003 to 2018 were included. The case sheets and histopathology reports were retrieved from the computerised ling system, and their contact details were collected for follow up. Results Incidence of PMCT in thyroidectomy was 1.8%, and 79% of them were diagnosed incidentally. The most common age group for occurrence of PMCT was 30 to 50 years and the most common presentation was swelling in front of neck (96.0%). Euthyroid status (78%) was seen in most cases. The most common benign pathology associated was follicular nodular disease (55.7%) and the malignant condition associated was papillary carcinoma thyroid (20.7%). The pathologic examination showed that unifocal lesions were more common (79%). Conclusion PMCT are mostly hidden in thyroid pathologies and diagnosed incidentally. From this study we could determine the clinicopathologic features associated with PMCT. Cases with unifocal lesions with euthyroid status and follicular nodular disease should be considered with utmost care for detecting hidden PMCT.
{"title":"INCIDENCE AND CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PAPILLARY MICROCARCINOMA THYROID","authors":"Azim Khan, Mubashir D, Sobin Sunny","doi":"10.36106/gjra/0405230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/gjra/0405230","url":null,"abstract":"Background Papillary microcarcinoma thyroid (PMCT) are mostly diagnosed incidentally after\u0000thyroidectomy even in this era with advanced diagnostic modalities. Even though PMCT have a good\u0000prognosis and low rate of recurrence, PMCT can rarely behave as cancer with metastasis and invasion. Hence there is a need\u0000for determining clinicopathologic features associated with PMCT to help clinicians optimise thyroidectomy in such patients\u0000and avoid complications of frank malignancy. Methods This cross-sectional observational study was done in surgery\u0000department of a tertiary care hospital in India. All patients diagnosed with PMCT in thyroidectomy specimen from 2003 to 2018\u0000were included. The case sheets and histopathology reports were retrieved from the computerised ling system, and their\u0000contact details were collected for follow up. Results Incidence of PMCT in thyroidectomy was 1.8%, and 79% of them were\u0000diagnosed incidentally. The most common age group for occurrence of PMCT was 30 to 50 years and the most common\u0000presentation was swelling in front of neck (96.0%). Euthyroid status (78%) was seen in most cases. The most common benign\u0000pathology associated was follicular nodular disease (55.7%) and the malignant condition associated was papillary carcinoma\u0000thyroid (20.7%). The pathologic examination showed that unifocal lesions were more common (79%). Conclusion PMCT are\u0000mostly hidden in thyroid pathologies and diagnosed incidentally. From this study we could determine the clinicopathologic\u0000features associated with PMCT. Cases with unifocal lesions with euthyroid status and follicular nodular disease should be\u0000considered with utmost care for detecting hidden PMCT.","PeriodicalId":12664,"journal":{"name":"Global journal for research analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140456089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the Neck imaging and reporting data systems( NIRADS system) , both the primary tumour and neck sites are independently assessed for suspicion of cancer and assigned a numerical category based on imaging features. this study aims to evaluate the role/ the diagnostic accuracy of ( NIRADS system) in the prediction of residual or recurrent head and neck cancers in post-treatment patients by CECT with the objectives to predict the residual or recurrent head and neck cancers in post-treatment patients based on 3 month follow up CECT scan and assign NIRADS category. This study concluded that there was a signicant association between recurrence and primary/ nodal/ combined tumour site NIRADS on 6 months of follow-up clinical, pathological and /or CECT scans.NIRADS > 3 had the overall highest PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy. The performance of NIRADS was good, demonstrating signicant discrimination between groups, with overall recurrence rates.
{"title":"ROLE OF NECK IMAGING REPORTING AND DATA SYSTEM IN PREDICTION OF RESIDUAL OR RECURRENT HEAD AND NECK CANCERS IN POST-TREATMENT PATIENTS BY CONTRAST-ENHANCED COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY","authors":"S. Kumari, Sunita Purohit, Pradeep Goyal","doi":"10.36106/gjra/1700412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/gjra/1700412","url":null,"abstract":"In the Neck imaging and reporting data systems( NIRADS system) , both the primary tumour and neck\u0000sites are independently assessed for suspicion of cancer and assigned a numerical category based on\u0000imaging features. this study aims to evaluate the role/ the diagnostic accuracy of ( NIRADS system) in the prediction of residual\u0000or recurrent head and neck cancers in post-treatment patients by CECT with the objectives to predict the residual or recurrent\u0000head and neck cancers in post-treatment patients based on 3 month follow up CECT scan and assign NIRADS category. This\u0000study concluded that there was a signicant association between recurrence and primary/ nodal/ combined tumour site\u0000NIRADS on 6 months of follow-up clinical, pathological and /or CECT scans.NIRADS > 3 had the overall highest PPV, NPV and\u0000diagnostic accuracy. The performance of NIRADS was good, demonstrating signicant discrimination between groups, with\u0000overall recurrence rates.","PeriodicalId":12664,"journal":{"name":"Global journal for research analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140455644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Papillary microcarcinoma thyroid (PMCT) accounts for around 85% of the thyroid malignancies. Most of the autopsy series did not reveal differences in incidence with respect to gender, age, thyroid size, or multifocality. With advances in ultrasonography and ne-needle aspiration biopsies, especially in mass screening programs, PMCT can be diagnosed before surgery. This study was conducted with the aim of understanding the determinants of PMCT. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a surgery department. All patients diagnosed with PMCT in thyroidectomy specimen from 2003 to 2019 were studied. The case sheets and histopathology reports were retrieved from the computerised ling system. The case sheets and histopathology reports were retrieved from the computerised ling system. Results Out of the 140 cases studied there were 111 (79.0%) incidental cases and 29 (21.0%) non incidental cases of PMCT. Females were associated with higher chance of having incidental PMCT. Smaller size lesions were more associated with incidental PMCT. Conclusion Patients with the associated clinical risk factors should be observed carefully and periodically followed up. This can help in recognizing the occurrence of frank malignancy, the outcome of the disease and planning the appropriate timely management.
{"title":"MANAGEMENT OUTCOMES AND DETERMINANTS OF PAPILLARY MICROCARCINOMA THYROID","authors":"Azim Khan, Mubashir D, Sobin Sunny","doi":"10.36106/gjra/6905164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36106/gjra/6905164","url":null,"abstract":"Background Papillary microcarcinoma thyroid (PMCT) accounts for around 85% of the thyroid\u0000malignancies. Most of the autopsy series did not reveal differences in incidence with respect to gender,\u0000age, thyroid size, or multifocality. With advances in ultrasonography and ne-needle aspiration biopsies, especially in mass\u0000screening programs, PMCT can be diagnosed before surgery. This study was conducted with the aim of understanding the\u0000determinants of PMCT. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a surgery department. All patients\u0000diagnosed with PMCT in thyroidectomy specimen from 2003 to 2019 were studied. The case sheets and histopathology reports\u0000were retrieved from the computerised ling system. The case sheets and histopathology reports were retrieved from the\u0000computerised ling system. Results Out of the 140 cases studied there were 111 (79.0%) incidental cases and 29 (21.0%) non\u0000incidental cases of PMCT. Females were associated with higher chance of having incidental PMCT. Smaller size lesions were\u0000more associated with incidental PMCT. Conclusion Patients with the associated clinical risk factors should be observed\u0000carefully and periodically followed up. This can help in recognizing the occurrence of frank malignancy, the outcome of the\u0000disease and planning the appropriate timely management.","PeriodicalId":12664,"journal":{"name":"Global journal for research analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140455857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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