Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i151457
Charu Khanna, Hemendra Gautam, R. Shukla
The thiosemicarbazones of bis(5-chlorosalicylaldehyde), bis(trifluoroacetylacetone), and their complexes with oxotungsten and oxochromium have been produced as metal complexes. These complexes have been identified by their IR, electronic, molar, and magnetic moment spectra. These studies have shown that the metal ion is surrounded by an octahedral geometry. Additionally, the complexes were examined for potential medicinal uses. Microbial agents acquiring drug resistant tendencies, have infected human beings, this research explores synthesis and characterization of these Schiff base metal complexes showing biological properties and were evaluated for their in-vitro anti-microbial activity. Antibacterial activity was examined by agar plate diffusion technique. Antifungal properties were examined by the radial growth method using agar-agar culture. The results show that activity increases on chelation. This activity is affected by the nature of substituents. This in relation to the lipophilicity of the ligands and their membrane permeability, is a key factor in determining their entry inside the cell.
{"title":"Pharmaceutical Significance of Oxotungsten and Oxochromium Complexes of Schiff Bases Derived from Thiosemicarbazones","authors":"Charu Khanna, Hemendra Gautam, R. Shukla","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i151457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i151457","url":null,"abstract":"The thiosemicarbazones of bis(5-chlorosalicylaldehyde), bis(trifluoroacetylacetone), and their complexes with oxotungsten and oxochromium have been produced as metal complexes. These complexes have been identified by their IR, electronic, molar, and magnetic moment spectra. These studies have shown that the metal ion is surrounded by an octahedral geometry. Additionally, the complexes were examined for potential medicinal uses. \u0000Microbial agents acquiring drug resistant tendencies, have infected human beings, this research explores synthesis and characterization of these Schiff base metal complexes showing biological properties and were evaluated for their in-vitro anti-microbial activity. Antibacterial activity was examined by agar plate diffusion technique. Antifungal properties were examined by the radial growth method using agar-agar culture. The results show that activity increases on chelation. This activity is affected by the nature of substituents. This in relation to the lipophilicity of the ligands and their membrane permeability, is a key factor in determining their entry inside the cell.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116817102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i151459
Tom Michira Nyakaba, D. Mogere, L. Koyio, Peterson Kariuki
Background: According to research, nearly 60% of persons with type 1 diabetes are likely to experience diabetes retinopathy after 20 years after the initial diagnosis of diabetes type 1. Nearly 40 % of all persons with unrestrained type 2 diabetes are likely to experience diabetes retinopathy during their lifetime. Objective: The study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with Diabetes Retinopathy among patients aged between 50 - 75 years seeking care at Mbagathi Hospital Nairobi County, Kenya. Method: This study used an analytical cross-sectional study design. A systematic random sampling design was used to recruit study partakers. The sample size for this study was 151 study respondents. Both Bivariate and binary logistic regression techniques were also utilized to evaluate the degree of association between the independent and the dependent variable. Statistical significance was set at p=<0.05. Results: The prevalence of diabetes retinopathy (non-proliferati ve diabetes retinopathy) in this study was 31.5% indicating this is a real public health concern that needs an urgent multisectoral approach. From this study, The presence of laboratory services (OR=10,95%CI=3.56-30.99), support group (OR=5.2,95%CI=1.81-14.85), provision of health care message (OR=11.6,95%CI=3.46-38.59), normal BMI (OR=3.6.95%CI=19.88-65.36) reduced the odds of diabetes retinopathy. Drinking alcohol (OR=22,95%CI=0.003-0.771), smoking (OR=33.95%, CI=0.004-0.262), uncontrolled blood sugars (OR=4,95%CI=19.89-65.36) increased the odds of diabetes retinopathy. Low education level (OR=5.9,95%CI=0.03-0.79), earning less than 6000 Ksh per month (OR=9,95%CI=0.04-0.29) smoking (OR=33.3,95%CI=0.004-0.262), uncontrolled blood sugars (OR=4,95%CI=19.89-65.36) increased the odds of diabetes retinopathy. Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was high, earning less than 6000 Ksh per month, drinking alcohol, smoking, Low education level, and having uncontrolled blood sugars increased the odds of diabetes retinopathy. The presence of laboratory services, support group, provision of health care messages, and normal BMI reduced the odds of diabetes retinopathy
{"title":"Risk Factors Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy among Patients Aged 50-75 Years Attending Diabetic Clinic at Mbagathi Hospital Nairobi County, Kenya","authors":"Tom Michira Nyakaba, D. Mogere, L. Koyio, Peterson Kariuki","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i151459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i151459","url":null,"abstract":"Background: According to research, nearly 60% of persons with type 1 diabetes are likely to experience diabetes retinopathy after 20 years after the initial diagnosis of diabetes type 1. Nearly 40 % of all persons with unrestrained type 2 diabetes are likely to experience diabetes retinopathy during their lifetime. \u0000Objective: The study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with Diabetes Retinopathy among patients aged between 50 - 75 years seeking care at Mbagathi Hospital Nairobi County, Kenya. \u0000Method: This study used an analytical cross-sectional study design. A systematic random sampling design was used to recruit study partakers. The sample size for this study was 151 study respondents. Both Bivariate and binary logistic regression techniques were also utilized to evaluate the degree of association between the independent and the dependent variable. Statistical significance was set at p=<0.05. \u0000Results: The prevalence of diabetes retinopathy (non-proliferati ve diabetes retinopathy) in this study was 31.5% indicating this is a real public health concern that needs an urgent multisectoral approach. From this study, The presence of laboratory services (OR=10,95%CI=3.56-30.99), support group (OR=5.2,95%CI=1.81-14.85), provision of health care message (OR=11.6,95%CI=3.46-38.59), normal BMI (OR=3.6.95%CI=19.88-65.36) reduced the odds of diabetes retinopathy. Drinking alcohol (OR=22,95%CI=0.003-0.771), smoking (OR=33.95%, CI=0.004-0.262), uncontrolled blood sugars (OR=4,95%CI=19.89-65.36) increased the odds of diabetes retinopathy. Low education level (OR=5.9,95%CI=0.03-0.79), earning less than 6000 Ksh per month (OR=9,95%CI=0.04-0.29) smoking (OR=33.3,95%CI=0.004-0.262), uncontrolled blood sugars (OR=4,95%CI=19.89-65.36) increased the odds of diabetes retinopathy. \u0000Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was high, earning less than 6000 Ksh per month, drinking alcohol, smoking, Low education level, and having uncontrolled blood sugars increased the odds of diabetes retinopathy. The presence of laboratory services, support group, provision of health care messages, and normal BMI reduced the odds of diabetes retinopathy","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116974101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i151458
R. Oladigbolu, D. Akpenna, C. Immanuel, E. Okwor, C. Ekeh, O. A. Akinjeji, P. Anyanwu, G. B. Obasa, F. Abbah, V. N. Nnanna, D. Iniama, P. Abah, C. Majekodunmi, Afamefune H. Nwafejeokwu
Background: Globally the benefits of undetectable viremia in preventing the transmission of HIV/AIDS have been established. Objective: The study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of undetectable viral load amongst HIV/AIDS clients receiving care and treatment in RISE-supported facilities in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from a validated Retention and Audit Determination Tool (RADET) file generated in September 2021. This was cleaned, imported into, and analyzed using a statistical package for social sciences (IBM SPSS) statistical package version 25. The prevalence of undetectable viremia was determined using descriptive statistics, and factors associated with undetectable viremia were assessed using chi-square analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the determinants of undetectable viremia at an alpha level of <0.05 at a 95% confidence interval. Results: out of 47,575 recipients on care, 85.7% had undetectable viremia. Residing in rural areas (p<0.001, OR=1.3), respondents aged 25-49 years (p=0.008, OR=1.32), and those placed on Multi-Month Dispensing (MMD 6) (p<0.001, OR=1.45) were more likely to have undetectable viremia. While students (p=0.035, OR=1.2), and those employed (p=0.001, OR=1.102) were less likely to have undetectable viremia. Conclusion: This study reported a high prevalence of undetectable viremia. The determinants were occupation, residing in rural areas, productive age group, and being on MMD 6. Multiple interventions that include phone reminders and behavioral models to support self-care amongst urban dwellers are imperative. Differentiated interventions that include operation Triple Zero (OTZ) and Community Adolescent Treatment Supports (CATs) targeting the pediatric age group are needed to support the adherence to ART and undetectable viremia.
{"title":"Prevalence and Determinants of Undetectable Viremia among Recipients of Care Receiving HIV/AIDS Care in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria","authors":"R. Oladigbolu, D. Akpenna, C. Immanuel, E. Okwor, C. Ekeh, O. A. Akinjeji, P. Anyanwu, G. B. Obasa, F. Abbah, V. N. Nnanna, D. Iniama, P. Abah, C. Majekodunmi, Afamefune H. Nwafejeokwu","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i151458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i151458","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Globally the benefits of undetectable viremia in preventing the transmission of HIV/AIDS have been established. \u0000Objective: The study aimed to assess the prevalence and determinants of undetectable viral load amongst HIV/AIDS clients receiving care and treatment in RISE-supported facilities in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. \u0000Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from a validated Retention and Audit Determination Tool (RADET) file generated in September 2021. This was cleaned, imported into, and analyzed using a statistical package for social sciences (IBM SPSS) statistical package version 25. The prevalence of undetectable viremia was determined using descriptive statistics, and factors associated with undetectable viremia were assessed using chi-square analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the determinants of undetectable viremia at an alpha level of <0.05 at a 95% confidence interval. \u0000Results: out of 47,575 recipients on care, 85.7% had undetectable viremia. Residing in rural areas (p<0.001, OR=1.3), respondents aged 25-49 years (p=0.008, OR=1.32), and those placed on Multi-Month Dispensing (MMD 6) (p<0.001, OR=1.45) were more likely to have undetectable viremia. While students (p=0.035, OR=1.2), and those employed (p=0.001, OR=1.102) were less likely to have undetectable viremia. \u0000Conclusion: This study reported a high prevalence of undetectable viremia. The determinants were occupation, residing in rural areas, productive age group, and being on MMD 6. Multiple interventions that include phone reminders and behavioral models to support self-care amongst urban dwellers are imperative. Differentiated interventions that include operation Triple Zero (OTZ) and Community Adolescent Treatment Supports (CATs) targeting the pediatric age group are needed to support the adherence to ART and undetectable viremia.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116167483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i141456
S. Yonge, B. Opiyo, Agnes W. Kibira, Rekha R. Sharma
Background: Reproductive health has become a global concern that is either poorly understood or not fully appreciated among the youth. Access to reproductive health services is important for protecting youth from STIs and unwanted pregnancy problems. Aim: The study sought to establish utilization of reproductive healthcare services and associated factors among youths in Mombasa County, Kenya. Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out between August 2018 and January 2019. Methodology: A self-administered, structured questionnaire was utilized to gather information. The information gathered was summarized using an SPSS database. The data was analyzed with SPSS version 22. Logistic regression was done to identify possible factors associated with reproductive health service utilization. p-value less than 0.05 was considered as a level of significance. Results: A total of 384 youth participated in the study, including 200 (62.2% females and 184 (37.8%) males. The media was the main source of information for modern family planning methods 200 (50. 1%). The majority of users 326 (84.9%) sought contraceptives from pharmacies. 213 (55.5%) were utilizing modern contraceptives. HIV/AIDS risk perception was significantly associated with utilization of reproductive health services [COR=2.34, 95% CI: 2.19-5.34].The condom was the most used method 134 (34.9%). Having knowledge about reproductive health services [COR=2.87; 95% CI: 1.92-3.94] was positively associated with the outcome. Male respondents were three (3) times more likely to use condoms [OR = 2.86, 95% Cl: 1.82-4.91] than female respondents. Conclusion: There was low uptake of contraceptive services among the youth who were sexually active. The condom was the most commonly used contraceptive. Strengthening urban healthcare systems is key to have equality and improve accessibility of FP services among the teenagers and young women.
{"title":"Utilization of Reproductive Health Services and Associated Factors among Youths in Mombasa County, Kenya","authors":"S. Yonge, B. Opiyo, Agnes W. Kibira, Rekha R. Sharma","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i141456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i141456","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Reproductive health has become a global concern that is either poorly understood or not fully appreciated among the youth. Access to reproductive health services is important for protecting youth from STIs and unwanted pregnancy problems. \u0000Aim: The study sought to establish utilization of reproductive healthcare services and associated factors among youths in Mombasa County, Kenya. \u0000Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out between August 2018 and January 2019. \u0000 Methodology: A self-administered, structured questionnaire was utilized to gather information. The information gathered was summarized using an SPSS database. The data was analyzed with SPSS version 22. Logistic regression was done to identify possible factors associated with reproductive health service utilization. p-value less than 0.05 was considered as a level of significance. \u0000 Results: A total of 384 youth participated in the study, including 200 (62.2% females and 184 (37.8%) males. The media was the main source of information for modern family planning methods 200 (50. 1%). The majority of users 326 (84.9%) sought contraceptives from pharmacies. 213 (55.5%) were utilizing modern contraceptives. HIV/AIDS risk perception was significantly associated with utilization of reproductive health services [COR=2.34, 95% CI: 2.19-5.34].The condom was the most used method 134 (34.9%). Having knowledge about reproductive health services [COR=2.87; 95% CI: 1.92-3.94] was positively associated with the outcome. Male respondents were three (3) times more likely to use condoms [OR = 2.86, 95% Cl: 1.82-4.91] than female respondents. \u0000Conclusion: There was low uptake of contraceptive services among the youth who were sexually active. The condom was the most commonly used contraceptive. Strengthening urban healthcare systems is key to have equality and improve accessibility of FP services among the teenagers and young women.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129352855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Climate change has continued to pose a global concern, as the resulting effect of the increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions continues to have significant consequences on the planet and its inhabitants. One of the major sectors contributing to the greenhouse effect is the healthcare sector, however, it is one of the sectors that has been overlooked and under reported. Objective: This article aims at reviewing the carbon footprint of healthcare facilities in Nigeria and its impact on climate change, while highlighting important and effective strategies towards addressing it. Methods: Data was obtained through a systematic review of available research articles obtained online via PubMed and Google scholar search engines, using the key words; climate change, healthcare facilities, global warming, and carbon footprint. Results: Effective policy and regulatory frame works are essential towards addressing the carbon footprint of healthcare facilities; however a lot of gap still exists in curbing the effect of GHG emissions by healthcare facilities in Nigeria, as majority of healthcare facilities in Nigeria still rely significantly on the combustion of fossil fuels for generation of power due to its epileptic electrical power supply. Conclusion: There is great need in addressing the effect of the carbon footprint of healthcare facilities on climate change. This can be achieved through the use of renewable energy technologies like solar and wind power, as well as the use of energy conservative measures such as the use of LED lighting and High-efficiency Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems.
{"title":"Effect of Healthcare Facilities on Climate Change: A Systematic Review of the Carbon Footprint of the Nigerian Healthcare Sector","authors":"Al-Mansur Sumayya, Adeniji Abdur-Rahman Adekunle, Tijani Yusuf Olatunji, Lawal Abdulwahab Oluwatomisin, Ogunleke Praise, Akin-Adewale Rolake, Shittu Rasheedat, Akande Maryam, Solagbade Remi Sanyolu","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i141455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i141455","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Climate change has continued to pose a global concern, as the resulting effect of the increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions continues to have significant consequences on the planet and its inhabitants. \u0000One of the major sectors contributing to the greenhouse effect is the healthcare sector, however, it is one of the sectors that has been overlooked and under reported. \u0000Objective: This article aims at reviewing the carbon footprint of healthcare facilities in Nigeria and its impact on climate change, while highlighting important and effective strategies towards addressing it. \u0000Methods: Data was obtained through a systematic review of available research articles obtained online via PubMed and Google scholar search engines, using the key words; climate change, healthcare facilities, global warming, and carbon footprint. \u0000Results: Effective policy and regulatory frame works are essential towards addressing the carbon footprint of healthcare facilities; however a lot of gap still exists in curbing the effect of GHG emissions by healthcare facilities in Nigeria, as majority of healthcare facilities in Nigeria still rely significantly on the combustion of fossil fuels for generation of power due to its epileptic electrical power supply. \u0000Conclusion: There is great need in addressing the effect of the carbon footprint of healthcare facilities on climate change. This can be achieved through the use of renewable energy technologies like solar and wind power, as well as the use of energy conservative measures such as the use of LED lighting and High-efficiency Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122763057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i141453
C. Kountchou, Yves Somo Iwewe, D. Kamdem, Ekpo Alfred Itor, J. Dzoyem
Aims: This study aimed to investigate Candida species colonizing HIV-infected patients in Bafoussam and Yaounde in Cameroon. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Yaoundé Central Hospital (YCH) and Bafoussam Regional Hospital (BRH) between October 2018 and December 2020. Methodology: We included 804 HIV-infected (681 women; 123 men; age range 21-81 years). Vaginal discharge, oral swab, stools, and urine were collected, and mycological diagnosis including direct macroscopic and microscopic analyses, culture on Sabouraud chloramphenicol medium, culture on chromogenic medium, germ tube test, evidence of chlamydospores production, biochemical analysis was performed. Yeast isolates were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Results: Eight hundred and four patients were recruited, and 2754 samples were collected. The colonization frequency was 17.35%, and 513 yeasts were isolated. Overall, Candida albicans 251 (48.92%) was the most frequently isolated. Non-albicans Candida (NAC) isolates have been classified into 16 species, including Candida krusei (14.23%), Candida glabrata (9.94%), Candida parapsilosis (8.18%), and Candida tropicalis (7.99%) as the major ones. There was a relationship (P-value= 0.00) between antiretroviral therapy and Candida species colonization. Conclusion: The results provide information on the epidemiology of Candida species in HIV-infected patients in Cameroon.
{"title":"Epidemiology of Candida Species Colonizing Mucosae of HIV-Infected Patients in Two Healthcare Centers of Cameroon During 2018-2020","authors":"C. Kountchou, Yves Somo Iwewe, D. Kamdem, Ekpo Alfred Itor, J. Dzoyem","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i141453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i141453","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aimed to investigate Candida species colonizing HIV-infected patients in Bafoussam and Yaounde in Cameroon. \u0000Study Design: Cross-sectional study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Yaoundé Central Hospital (YCH) and Bafoussam Regional Hospital (BRH) between October 2018 and December 2020. \u0000Methodology: We included 804 HIV-infected (681 women; 123 men; age range 21-81 years). Vaginal discharge, oral swab, stools, and urine were collected, and mycological diagnosis including direct macroscopic and microscopic analyses, culture on Sabouraud chloramphenicol medium, culture on chromogenic medium, germ tube test, evidence of chlamydospores production, biochemical analysis was performed. Yeast isolates were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). \u0000Results: Eight hundred and four patients were recruited, and 2754 samples were collected. The colonization frequency was 17.35%, and 513 yeasts were isolated. Overall, Candida albicans 251 (48.92%) was the most frequently isolated. Non-albicans Candida (NAC) isolates have been classified into 16 species, including Candida krusei (14.23%), Candida glabrata (9.94%), Candida parapsilosis (8.18%), and Candida tropicalis (7.99%) as the major ones. There was a relationship (P-value= 0.00) between antiretroviral therapy and Candida species colonization. \u0000Conclusion: The results provide information on the epidemiology of Candida species in HIV-infected patients in Cameroon.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131525284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-04DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i141452
Tiayah Munge, P. J. Ngunde, K. O. Dzemo, Tendongfor Nicholas
Background: Demographic projections estimate a future global increase in the number of elderly with increase susceptibility to chronic and life-threatening diseases increases such as poor oral health conditions. This reduces quality of life, as it restricts food choices, affects esthetics and reduces self-esteem among the elderly. The aim of this study was to determine the profile of oral health pathologies of the elderly in the Buea Health District. Materials and Methods: A cross- sectional study was conducted in four communities and major health facilities of the Buea Health District. Participants were interviewed to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, determinants of oral health, and oral hygiene behavior. Oral cavity examination was also carried out to assess the oral hygiene behavior of the elderly. The data was analyzed in SPSS version 26. Results: Out of 386 participants examined, 372 (96.4%) had at least one oral pathology. Dental caries was most prevalent (67.9%) with mean decay- missing- filled index (DMF) of 14.3 ± 8.7, followed by periodontitis (45.6%), gingivitis (45.6%) and edentulism (39.1%). Determinants of oral pathologies included tooth brushing frequency, health area, level of education, marital status and occupation. The mean score of oral hygiene behavior was 2.88±1.36, with 71.2% of participants with good oral hygiene behavior. There was a significant association between poor oral hygiene behavior and dental caries. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of oral pathologies amongst the elderly of Buea Health District. Poor oral hygiene practice was associated with dental caries which was the most prevalent oral pathology.
背景:人口预测估计，未来全球老年人的数量将增加，他们对慢性和危及生命的疾病(如口腔健康状况不佳)的易感性将增加。这降低了生活质量，因为它限制了食物的选择，影响了审美，降低了老年人的自尊心。本研究的目的是确定老年人口腔健康病理的概况在布埃亚卫生区。材料和方法:在布埃亚卫生区的四个社区和主要卫生机构进行了一项横断面研究。对参与者进行访谈，以收集有关社会人口统计学特征、口腔健康决定因素和口腔卫生行为的数据。同时进行口腔检查，评估老年人口腔卫生行为。数据采用SPSS version 26进行分析。结果:在386名参与者中，372名(96.4%)至少有一种口腔病理。龋齿发生率最高(67.9%)，平均龋缺补指数(DMF)为14.3±8.7，其次为牙周炎(45.6%)、牙龈炎(45.6%)和牙髓病(39.1%)。口腔疾病的决定因素包括刷牙频率、健康领域、教育程度、婚姻状况和职业。口腔卫生行为平均得分为2.88±1.36分，口腔卫生行为良好者占71.2%。不良的口腔卫生行为与龋齿之间存在显著的关联。结论:布埃亚卫生区老年人口腔疾病患病率较高。不良的口腔卫生习惯与龋齿有关，龋齿是最常见的口腔病理。
{"title":"Profile of Oral Diseases and Associated Factors in the Elderly in the Buea Health District, Cameroon","authors":"Tiayah Munge, P. J. Ngunde, K. O. Dzemo, Tendongfor Nicholas","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i141452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i141452","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Demographic projections estimate a future global increase in the number of elderly with increase susceptibility to chronic and life-threatening diseases increases such as poor oral health conditions. This reduces quality of life, as it restricts food choices, affects esthetics and reduces self-esteem among the elderly. The aim of this study was to determine the profile of oral health pathologies of the elderly in the Buea Health District. \u0000Materials and Methods: A cross- sectional study was conducted in four communities and major health facilities of the Buea Health District. Participants were interviewed to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, determinants of oral health, and oral hygiene behavior. Oral cavity examination was also carried out to assess the oral hygiene behavior of the elderly. The data was analyzed in SPSS version 26. \u0000Results: Out of 386 participants examined, 372 (96.4%) had at least one oral pathology. Dental caries was most prevalent (67.9%) with mean decay- missing- filled index (DMF) of 14.3 ± 8.7, followed by periodontitis (45.6%), gingivitis (45.6%) and edentulism (39.1%). Determinants of oral pathologies included tooth brushing frequency, health area, level of education, marital status and occupation. The mean score of oral hygiene behavior was 2.88±1.36, with 71.2% of participants with good oral hygiene behavior. There was a significant association between poor oral hygiene behavior and dental caries. \u0000Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of oral pathologies amongst the elderly of Buea Health District. Poor oral hygiene practice was associated with dental caries which was the most prevalent oral pathology.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"2267 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130244456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-02DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i131451
Zachariah Mabor Nyinypiu, D. Mogere, J. Mugo
Background: Index case HIV/AIDS testing is a useful approach for addressing and enhancing the efficiency and yield of testing in high-risk populations among the high-risk groups for contracting HIV/AIDS partners and relatives of those existing with the disease. Objective: The research aimed to establish the determinants of community HIV index testing among HIV index clients in Yirol West County, South Sudan. Methods: The research employed an analytical cross-sectional research strategy, where a mixed approach entailing both questionnaire guides and interview guides were utilized. The sample size was premeditated using Fischer's formula where 252 study respondents were recruited in this study. The chi-square test and regression (logistic analysis) were applied to identify the determinants of community HIV clients index testing. For qualitative data, thematic analysis was carried out. While data collection took one month, the entire study consumed one year to be completed. Results: The utilization of community HIV index testing services was low in this study with only 24.2 % of the study respondents reporting utilizing these health services. Discussing HIV testing and counseling services (OR=3.3,95%CI=0.11-0.84),counseling to bring family members for HIV testing(OR=1.9,95%CI=0.29-0.97), and education level(OR=6.1,95%CI=0.04-0.65) was found to increase the odds of utilizing community HIV index testing. The presence of stigma (OR=8.3,95% CI=0.05-0.24) and lack of trust (OR=2,95%CI=0.27-0.96) among healthcare providers reduced the odds of utilizing community HIV index testing. Conclusion: The utilization of community HIV index testing services was low. Discussing HIV testing and counseling services, the status of marriage, gender, age, counseling to bring family members for HIV testing .and education level were found to increase the odds of utilizing community HIV index testing while the presence of stigma and discrimination, and duration lived with a partner lack of trust among health care providers reduced the odds of utilizing community HIV index testing. There is a need to put the necessary measures to enhance the increased uptake of community HIV index testing services.
{"title":"Determinants of Community HIV Index Testing among HIV Index Clients in Yirol West County, South Sudan","authors":"Zachariah Mabor Nyinypiu, D. Mogere, J. Mugo","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i131451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i131451","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Index case HIV/AIDS testing is a useful approach for addressing and enhancing the efficiency and yield of testing in high-risk populations among the high-risk groups for contracting HIV/AIDS partners and relatives of those existing with the disease. \u0000Objective: The research aimed to establish the determinants of community HIV index testing among HIV index clients in Yirol West County, South Sudan. \u0000Methods: The research employed an analytical cross-sectional research strategy, where a mixed approach entailing both questionnaire guides and interview guides were utilized. The sample size was premeditated using Fischer's formula where 252 study respondents were recruited in this study. The chi-square test and regression (logistic analysis) were applied to identify the determinants of community HIV clients index testing. For qualitative data, thematic analysis was carried out. While data collection took one month, the entire study consumed one year to be completed. \u0000Results: The utilization of community HIV index testing services was low in this study with only 24.2 % of the study respondents reporting utilizing these health services. Discussing HIV testing and counseling services (OR=3.3,95%CI=0.11-0.84),counseling to bring family members for HIV testing(OR=1.9,95%CI=0.29-0.97), and education level(OR=6.1,95%CI=0.04-0.65) was found to increase the odds of utilizing community HIV index testing. The presence of stigma (OR=8.3,95% CI=0.05-0.24) and lack of trust (OR=2,95%CI=0.27-0.96) among healthcare providers reduced the odds of utilizing community HIV index testing. \u0000Conclusion: The utilization of community HIV index testing services was low. Discussing HIV testing and counseling services, the status of marriage, gender, age, counseling to bring family members for HIV testing .and education level were found to increase the odds of utilizing community HIV index testing while the presence of stigma and discrimination, and duration lived with a partner lack of trust among health care providers reduced the odds of utilizing community HIV index testing. There is a need to put the necessary measures to enhance the increased uptake of community HIV index testing services.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131795548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hookworm (Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale) infection are common in tropical and subtropical countries. These are still an neglected tropical disease in rural areas,leading to severe iron deficiency anemia and even mortality. Here we present a case from a tertiary care center in northern India of a 3 year old child with progressive complaint of pallor and generalised body swelling. On upper gastrointestinal gastroscopy hookworms were visualised and recovered. Patients stool sample was sent to lab in which egg of hookworm was also seen on microscopy. The child was treated with albendazole and anemia was also cured
{"title":"A Case of Hookworm Infection in a Child Causing Severe Anemia Diagnosed by Endoscopy: A Neglected Tropical Disease","authors":"Romya Singh, Nidhi Tejan, Sabba Mussadiq, Awadhesh Kumar, Shikha Singh","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i131450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i131450","url":null,"abstract":"Hookworm (Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale) infection are common in tropical and subtropical countries. These are still an neglected tropical disease in rural areas,leading to severe iron deficiency anemia and even mortality. Here we present a case from a tertiary care center in northern India of a 3 year old child with progressive complaint of pallor and generalised body swelling. On upper gastrointestinal gastroscopy hookworms were visualised and recovered. Patients stool sample was sent to lab in which egg of hookworm was also seen on microscopy. The child was treated with albendazole and anemia was also cured","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121918451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i131449
Isra Khan, S. Khalid, Emad Alvi, Sameera Khanam, S. Mohammad, M. Khalid
This case report highlights about rice grain bursitis- rare manfiestation of TB in wrist joint. Subacromial-subdeltoid bursitis of a shoulder with rice bodies is relatively uncommon. The understanding of the pathogenesis of rice body formation is yet approximate only but some clinical conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculous arthritis, seronegative inflammatory arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are related to it. A 30yr Male patient presented with complaints of pain and swelling in the wrist joint , which was insidious in onset. It was associated with evening rise in temperature. Frequenetly erosion of the underlying bone, secondary osteomyelitis and median nerve encasement are present.
{"title":"Rice Grain Bursitis: Rare Manifestation of TB in Wrist Joint","authors":"Isra Khan, S. Khalid, Emad Alvi, Sameera Khanam, S. Mohammad, M. Khalid","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i131449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i131449","url":null,"abstract":"This case report highlights about rice grain bursitis- rare manfiestation of TB in wrist joint. Subacromial-subdeltoid bursitis of a shoulder with rice bodies is relatively uncommon. The understanding of the pathogenesis of rice body formation is yet approximate only but some clinical conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculous arthritis, seronegative inflammatory arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis are related to it. A 30yr Male patient presented with complaints of pain and swelling in the wrist joint , which was insidious in onset. It was associated with evening rise in temperature. Frequenetly erosion of the underlying bone, secondary osteomyelitis and median nerve encasement are present.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134453394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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