Pub Date : 2023-07-17DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i131448
Damas Dainone Ignareki, G. F. Dadji, Lame Younoussa, Elie Njantou Baudelaire, A. Dicko, S. Rup-Jacques, Carine Bertille Theno Djapoum, Antonio Nkondjio, J. Tamesse, A. Fomena
The growing resistance of mosquito vectors towards synthetic insecticides constitutes a major challenge in the malaria control and synergistic action of two or more extracts may decrease the risk of insect resistance. For that, the methanolic extracts of Citrus aurantiifolia peels and Lippia chevalieri leaves were tested individually and in combination of Anopheles gambiae larvae at concentrations of 7.5, 15, 22.5 and 30 mg/mL in the laboratory according to the standard protocol of WHO. Extraction yields were 6.72 and 4.62 for C. aurantiifolia and L. chevalieri respectively. Saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins and polyphenols were present in the extracts of C. aurantiifolia and L. chevalieri. The 2 plants extracts tested individually and combined, caused a significant (P < .001) larvicidal concentration-dependent activity 24 hours’ post-exposure. C. aurantiifolia peels was revealed as the most potent against the mosquito larvae (LC50 = 9.82 mg/mL), while only the binary combination 50%Ca + 50%Lc (CI: 155.22; SF: 1.55) induced a synergistic action against Anopheles gambiae larvae. Thus, the combination 50%Ca + 50%Lc might be recommended as a natural bio-insecticide in mosquito control program to prevent malaria.
{"title":"Larvicidal Efficacy of the Combination of Citrus aurantiifolia (Rutaceae) and Lippia chevalieri (Verbenaceae) Methanolic Extracts against Anopheles gambiae Giles (Diptera Culicidae), Malaria Vector","authors":"Damas Dainone Ignareki, G. F. Dadji, Lame Younoussa, Elie Njantou Baudelaire, A. Dicko, S. Rup-Jacques, Carine Bertille Theno Djapoum, Antonio Nkondjio, J. Tamesse, A. Fomena","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i131448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i131448","url":null,"abstract":"The growing resistance of mosquito vectors towards synthetic insecticides constitutes a major challenge in the malaria control and synergistic action of two or more extracts may decrease the risk of insect resistance. For that, the methanolic extracts of Citrus aurantiifolia peels and Lippia chevalieri leaves were tested individually and in combination of Anopheles gambiae larvae at concentrations of 7.5, 15, 22.5 and 30 mg/mL in the laboratory according to the standard protocol of WHO. Extraction yields were 6.72 and 4.62 for C. aurantiifolia and L. chevalieri respectively. Saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins and polyphenols were present in the extracts of C. aurantiifolia and L. chevalieri. The 2 plants extracts tested individually and combined, caused a significant (P < .001) larvicidal concentration-dependent activity 24 hours’ post-exposure. C. aurantiifolia peels was revealed as the most potent against the mosquito larvae (LC50 = 9.82 mg/mL), while only the binary combination 50%Ca + 50%Lc (CI: 155.22; SF: 1.55) induced a synergistic action against Anopheles gambiae larvae. Thus, the combination 50%Ca + 50%Lc might be recommended as a natural bio-insecticide in mosquito control program to prevent malaria.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121685657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-06DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i121446
W. Aneksak, R. Kijphati, J. Krates, P. Scully, S. Amornmahaphun, L. Pholputta, S. Buadang, S. Noradee, P. Kanjaras, T. Toemjai, Y. Puriboriboon, Zito Viegus, T. Raveepong, J. Thanasai, C. Nithikathkul
Background: Older people are at higher risk of suffering negative outcomes, including mental and physical health, during the social distancing for COVID-19 worldwide, with no exception in Thailand. Therefore, the aim of this phenomenal study is to establish the database system development of mental health care for the elderly during the COVID-19 public sentiment by using a geographic information system (GIS) to create a model database system. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire was conducted by an elderly survey using a four-stage stratified random sampling to select 1,647 respondents aged 60 and over from the six subdistrict health promotion hospitals in four provinces, respectively. Descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The majority of the respondents were female (64.80%), aged 60–65 years (31.90%), and Buddhist (99.60%). Marital status: mostly married, live as a couple, or as a married couple (49.2%); level of education: mostly primary school (4th grade; 54.7%); not working (60.80%); average monthly income less than 1,000 baht (31.2%); with income sources, mostly from pensions (80.6%); income received is mostly inadequate (44.2%); and the majority had chronic diseases (58.8%), with mostly moderate health conditions in the last 6 months (44.3%). Significant factors affecting mental health problems or associated with stress in the elderly during the COVID-19 period were: participation in religious activities; daily activities (ability to perform basic daily activities); social support (from family, relatives, and friends); income; and anxiety during COVID-19. All of these factors could together predict the preventive behavior against mental health problems in the elderly during the COVID-19 period. Conclusion: Based on the presented results, interdisciplinary healthcare teams should consider social support and access to healthcare when developing interventions for encouraging and promoting health outcomes in order to improve physical and psychological COVID-19 preventive behaviors and for the government in terms of increasing family income, particularly the oldest pension among elderly people during the COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"Database System Development of Mental Health Care for Elderly in Situation with COVID-19 Period","authors":"W. Aneksak, R. Kijphati, J. Krates, P. Scully, S. Amornmahaphun, L. Pholputta, S. Buadang, S. Noradee, P. Kanjaras, T. Toemjai, Y. Puriboriboon, Zito Viegus, T. Raveepong, J. Thanasai, C. Nithikathkul","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i121446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i121446","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Older people are at higher risk of suffering negative outcomes, including mental and physical health, during the social distancing for COVID-19 worldwide, with no exception in Thailand. Therefore, the aim of this phenomenal study is to establish the database system development of mental health care for the elderly during the COVID-19 public sentiment by using a geographic information system (GIS) to create a model database system. \u0000Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire was conducted by an elderly survey using a four-stage stratified random sampling to select 1,647 respondents aged 60 and over from the six subdistrict health promotion hospitals in four provinces, respectively. Descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple regression were used to analyze the data. \u0000Results: The majority of the respondents were female (64.80%), aged 60–65 years (31.90%), and Buddhist (99.60%). Marital status: mostly married, live as a couple, or as a married couple (49.2%); level of education: mostly primary school (4th grade; 54.7%); not working (60.80%); average monthly income less than 1,000 baht (31.2%); with income sources, mostly from pensions (80.6%); income received is mostly inadequate (44.2%); and the majority had chronic diseases (58.8%), with mostly moderate health conditions in the last 6 months (44.3%). Significant factors affecting mental health problems or associated with stress in the elderly during the COVID-19 period were: participation in religious activities; daily activities (ability to perform basic daily activities); social support (from family, relatives, and friends); income; and anxiety during COVID-19. All of these factors could together predict the preventive behavior against mental health problems in the elderly during the COVID-19 period. \u0000Conclusion: Based on the presented results, interdisciplinary healthcare teams should consider social support and access to healthcare when developing interventions for encouraging and promoting health outcomes in order to improve physical and psychological COVID-19 preventive behaviors and for the government in terms of increasing family income, particularly the oldest pension among elderly people during the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129063051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-06DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i121445
A. Ekanem, A. Onukak, I. Oloyede, Udeme Ekrikpo
Aims: Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) is a major opportunistic infection and principal cause of mortality among HIV positive individuals. Its screening among this population ensures early detection, prompt treatment and reduction of mortality. This study aimed to assess the burden of hospital PTB initially identified by cough monitors , the type of confirmed PTB and the sensitivity and specificity of the four-symptom TB screening approach. Study Design: A descriptive cross- sectional design was used. Place And Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) out-patient clinic of a tertiary hospital in southern Nigeria over a 9 months period between January to September, 2020. Methodology: The medical records of adults diagnosed with HIV who were identified by non-clinicians to have at least one of the four symptoms (cough, weight loss, night sweats and fever) prescribed by WHO for PTB screening on attendance at the ART clinic of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria were reviewed. Data were analyzed using Stata version 13.0 Level of significance was set at p<.05 Results: Sixty-nine (69) out of 529 (13.0%) patients who attended the ART clinic were identified to have at least one of the four symptoms. The common PTB symptoms were cough (62, 89.9%), fever (49, 71.0%), weight loss (40, 58%) and night sweats (29, 42%). Nine (13.0%) respondents were confirmed to have rifampicin resistant PTB from Gene Xpert test. The four–symptom TB screening test had a sensitivity of 11.1%, specificity of 98.3% and a positive predictive value of 50%. Conclusion: The use of the WHO four-symptom tuberculosis screening tool by non-clinicians, though with low sensitivity in this study, was useful in identifying drug-resistant tuberculosis in HIV positive patients when combined with Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay.
目的:肺结核(PTB)是HIV阳性个体中主要的机会性感染和主要死亡原因。在这一人群中进行筛查可确保早期发现、及时治疗和降低死亡率。本研究旨在评估最初通过咳嗽监测仪发现的医院肺结核的负担、确诊肺结核的类型以及四症状肺结核筛查方法的敏感性和特异性。研究设计:采用描述性横断面设计。研究地点和时间:该研究于2020年1月至9月期间在尼日利亚南部一家三级医院的抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)门诊进行，为期9个月。方法:对在尼日利亚尤尤大学尤尤教学医院抗逆转录病毒治疗诊所就诊时，经非临床医生确定具有世卫组织为肺结核筛查规定的四种症状(咳嗽、体重减轻、盗汗和发烧)中至少一种的艾滋病毒感染者的医疗记录进行了审查。数据采用Stata version 13.0进行分析，p< 0.05为显著性水平结果:529例(13.0%)ART门诊就诊的患者中有69例(69)被确定至少有四种症状中的一种。常见症状为咳嗽(62例，89.9%)、发热(49例，71.0%)、体重减轻(40例，58%)和盗汗(29例，42%)。基因Xpert试验证实9例(13.0%)应答者患有利福平耐药结核。四症状结核筛查试验的敏感性为11.1%，特异性为98.3%，阳性预测值为50%。结论:非临床医生使用WHO四症状结核病筛查工具，尽管在本研究中灵敏度较低，但当与Gene Xpert MTB/RIF检测相结合时，可用于识别HIV阳性患者的耐药结核病。
{"title":"Application of WHO Symptom Screening Approach by Non Clinicians in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis among HIV Positive Individuals in the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Nigeria","authors":"A. Ekanem, A. Onukak, I. Oloyede, Udeme Ekrikpo","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i121445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i121445","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) is a major opportunistic infection and principal cause of mortality among HIV positive individuals. Its screening among this population ensures early detection, prompt treatment and reduction of mortality. This study aimed to assess the burden of hospital PTB initially identified by cough monitors , the type of confirmed PTB and the sensitivity and specificity of the four-symptom TB screening approach. \u0000Study Design: A descriptive cross- sectional design was used. \u0000Place And Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) out-patient clinic of a tertiary hospital in southern Nigeria over a 9 months period between January to September, 2020. \u0000Methodology: The medical records of adults diagnosed with HIV who were identified by non-clinicians to have at least one of the four symptoms (cough, weight loss, night sweats and fever) prescribed by WHO for PTB screening on attendance at the ART clinic of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria were reviewed. Data were analyzed using Stata version 13.0 Level of significance was set at p<.05 \u0000Results: Sixty-nine (69) out of 529 (13.0%) patients who attended the ART clinic were identified to have at least one of the four symptoms. The common PTB symptoms were cough (62, 89.9%), fever (49, 71.0%), weight loss (40, 58%) and night sweats (29, 42%). Nine (13.0%) respondents were confirmed to have rifampicin resistant PTB from Gene Xpert test. The four–symptom TB screening test had a sensitivity of 11.1%, specificity of 98.3% and a positive predictive value of 50%. \u0000Conclusion: The use of the WHO four-symptom tuberculosis screening tool by non-clinicians, though with low sensitivity in this study, was useful in identifying drug-resistant tuberculosis in HIV positive patients when combined with Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132336943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-05DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i121444
Miriti Jenny Beth Gakii, E. Nyavanga, Phoebe K Masita
Background: Teenage pregnancy is a significant problem in Kenya, with over 18% of teenagers aged 15-19 being pregnant or already mothers, with rates even higher in low-income areas such as slums. Existing research has shown that teenage pregnancy increases the risk of mental health disorders, and maternal complications during childbirth, and postpartum. Objective: The study aimed to determine the social-cultural factors associated with common mental health disorders among pregnant and parenting teenagers. Method: An analytical cross-sectional research design was applied. A stratified random sampling technique was utilized to recruit 153 study participants, where Cochran formula for smaller populations was applied to determine sample size. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques of data collection were applied. The chi-square test for independence was employed to determine the degree of association between the dependent and independent variables. Statistical significance was set at p=≤0.05. Results: The prevalence of common mental health disorders in this study was 55%. When the bivariate analysis was done, the following social-cultural factors were found to be significantly associated with common mental health disorders. Absence of social support (X2=2.983, df=3, P<0.005), intimate partner violence (X2= 25.970; df=1, P-value=< 0.000). Presence of physical violence (Physical abuse before pregnancy(X2=19.006, df=2,p<0.001*), Physical abuse during pregnancy(X2=21.169, df=2, <0.001*), Physical abuse after delivery(X2=26.173, df=2, <0.001*),) and presence of sexual violence(Sexual abuse before pregnancy(X2=13.896, df=2, <0.001*), Sexual abuse during pregnancy(X2=5.208, df=2, 0.035*) and Sexual abuse after pregnancy(X2=8.405, df=2, 0.003*). Conclusion: The prevalence of common mental health disorders in this study was high. The following social-cultural factors were found to be significantly associated with common mental health disorders, absence of social support, presence of physical violence, presence of sexual abuse, and the presence of intimate partner violence. There is a need to develop psychosocial and legal support programs targeting pregnant and parenting teenagers to prevent them from common mental health disorders. Furthermore, the community including parents, teachers, and policymakers should support adolescents during their growth and development stages and protect them against teenage pregnancies which will ultimately lead to a healthier population.
{"title":"Social-Cultural Factors Associated with Common Mental Health Disorders among Pregnant and Parenting Teenagers: A Case Study of Korogocho Slums, Nairobi County, Kenya","authors":"Miriti Jenny Beth Gakii, E. Nyavanga, Phoebe K Masita","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i121444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i121444","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Teenage pregnancy is a significant problem in Kenya, with over 18% of teenagers aged 15-19 being pregnant or already mothers, with rates even higher in low-income areas such as slums. Existing research has shown that teenage pregnancy increases the risk of mental health disorders, and maternal complications during childbirth, and postpartum.\u0000Objective: The study aimed to determine the social-cultural factors associated with common mental health disorders among pregnant and parenting teenagers.\u0000Method: An analytical cross-sectional research design was applied. A stratified random sampling technique was utilized to recruit 153 study participants, where Cochran formula for smaller populations was applied to determine sample size. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques of data collection were applied. The chi-square test for independence was employed to determine the degree of association between the dependent and independent variables. Statistical significance was set at p=≤0.05.\u0000Results: The prevalence of common mental health disorders in this study was 55%. When the bivariate analysis was done, the following social-cultural factors were found to be significantly associated with common mental health disorders. Absence of social support (X2=2.983, df=3, P<0.005), intimate partner violence (X2= 25.970; df=1, P-value=< 0.000). Presence of physical violence (Physical abuse before pregnancy(X2=19.006, df=2,p<0.001*), Physical abuse during pregnancy(X2=21.169, df=2, <0.001*), Physical abuse after delivery(X2=26.173, df=2, <0.001*),) and presence of sexual violence(Sexual abuse before pregnancy(X2=13.896, df=2, <0.001*), Sexual abuse during pregnancy(X2=5.208, df=2, 0.035*) and Sexual abuse after pregnancy(X2=8.405, df=2, 0.003*).\u0000Conclusion: The prevalence of common mental health disorders in this study was high. The following social-cultural factors were found to be significantly associated with common mental health disorders, absence of social support, presence of physical violence, presence of sexual abuse, and the presence of intimate partner violence. There is a need to develop psychosocial and legal support programs targeting pregnant and parenting teenagers to prevent them from common mental health disorders. Furthermore, the community including parents, teachers, and policymakers should support adolescents during their growth and development stages and protect them against teenage pregnancies which will ultimately lead to a healthier population.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"176 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120960665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i121443
N. Umoh, B. E. Osibu, A. Eyo, V. Usanga, M. Mbah, A. Asuquo
Background: Otitis media is linked to middle ear inflammation and sequelae, frequently occurring in infants and early childhood dealing with the accumulation of fluid behind the eardrum. It is often associated with the absence of timely and appropriate antibacterial interventions. Aim: To investigate the identity and antibiogram of bacterial agents of otitis media among patients attending a tertiary health facility in Calabar, Nigeria. Methods: Ear specimens collected from a total of 70 subjects were processed by conventional bacteriological methods for isolation and identification of pathogens. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out on all the isolates using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices of the isolates were evaluated. Results: The prevalence of bacterial otitis media was 72.9% in the study population. A total of 51 bacterial isolates including Pseudomonas aeruginaosa (26), Staphylococcus aureus (17), Proteus mirabilis (6), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (2) were found. Isolates of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus showed high susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanate (92.3%) and ciprofloxacin (88.3%), respectively. The prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates was 25.4%. MDR percentages such as 100%, 33.3%, 30.7% and 29.4% were reported for isolates of K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus respectively. MAR indexing revealed high values ranging from 0.4 to 0.87 for all the isolates. Conclusion: High susceptibility of the predominant isolates to amoxicillin-clavulanate and ciprofloxacin may underscore the drugs’ potential as antibiotics of choice for prompt treatment of otitis media in the population. However, the overall high drug-resistance indices of the isolates would suggest dire implications for empiric antibacterial therapy in the population. Choice of antibiotics for treatment of bacterial infections in this population should be driven by results of microbiological drug-susceptibility tests.
{"title":"Prevalence and Antibiotic-Resistance Indices of Bacterial Pathogens of Otitis Media among Patients Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Calabar, Nigeria","authors":"N. Umoh, B. E. Osibu, A. Eyo, V. Usanga, M. Mbah, A. Asuquo","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i121443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i121443","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Otitis media is linked to middle ear inflammation and sequelae, frequently occurring in infants and early childhood dealing with the accumulation of fluid behind the eardrum. It is often associated with the absence of timely and appropriate antibacterial interventions. \u0000Aim: To investigate the identity and antibiogram of bacterial agents of otitis media among patients attending a tertiary health facility in Calabar, Nigeria. \u0000Methods: Ear specimens collected from a total of 70 subjects were processed by conventional bacteriological methods for isolation and identification of pathogens. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out on all the isolates using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices of the isolates were evaluated. \u0000Results: The prevalence of bacterial otitis media was 72.9% in the study population. A total of 51 bacterial isolates including Pseudomonas aeruginaosa (26), Staphylococcus aureus (17), Proteus mirabilis (6), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (2) were found. Isolates of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus showed high susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanate (92.3%) and ciprofloxacin (88.3%), respectively. The prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates was 25.4%. MDR percentages such as 100%, 33.3%, 30.7% and 29.4% were reported for isolates of K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus respectively. MAR indexing revealed high values ranging from 0.4 to 0.87 for all the isolates. \u0000Conclusion: High susceptibility of the predominant isolates to amoxicillin-clavulanate and ciprofloxacin may underscore the drugs’ potential as antibiotics of choice for prompt treatment of otitis media in the population. However, the overall high drug-resistance indices of the isolates would suggest dire implications for empiric antibacterial therapy in the population. Choice of antibiotics for treatment of bacterial infections in this population should be driven by results of microbiological drug-susceptibility tests.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131250479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i121442
Kadiri, Aghiosikhaino Maureen, O. Lawal, Mmom, Prince Chinedu, Nwondah Chigozie
Background: Pandemics are wide-ranging incidences of infectious diseases that significantly increase morbidity and mortality in extensive geographic area. The study assessed impacts of pandemics experienced by healthcare workers in teaching hospitals in Rivers State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted among healthcare workers in teaching hospitals (University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) and Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH) in Rivers State Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling method was adopted to recruit 754 healthcare workers into the study, and a descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. A structured questionnaire was developed and pre-tested. The reliability of the questionnaire for this study was performed with the index of internal consistency and was calculated with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient which gave a considerable value of 0.72. The responses gotten from the participants were entered into, and analysed with IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25. Ethical clearance to conduct the study was gotten from the Research and Ethics Committee of the University of Port Harcourt. Informed consents were obtained from each of the participants. Results: Most (62.2%) of the participants experienced psychological impact of pandemics, (59.4%) of the participants experienced emotional impact of pandemics, (54.5%) of the participants experienced financial impact of pandemics and the overall (58.2%) of experienced impact of pandemics on the HCWs was obtained. Also, the result revealed a statistically significant association between marital (p=0.0001), sex (p=0.003), religion (p=0.0001), level of education completed (p=0.039), income (p=0.0001), professional category (p=0.0001), duration of work (p=0.0001) and overall experienced impact of pandemics on the participants. We predicted that among the participants, marital status, sex, religion, education, income professional category, and work duration at (p≤ 0.05), significantly contributed to the level of experienced impact of pandemics among the participants. Conclusion: Majority of the healthcare workers reported impact of pandemics. However, psychological impact of the pandemics was most prevalent impact experienced by the healthcare workers who took part in this study. The level of impact of pandemics experienced by the health workers were substantially influenced by their socio-demographic characteristics. We recommend hospital management should improve the work setting and provide necessary support to the workers. Also, the healthcare workers should participant trainings on coping strategies during pandemics.
{"title":"Impacts of Pandemics on Healthcare Workers in Teaching Hospitals in Rivers State, Nigeria: Perspective from Healthcare Workers’ Experience during Pandemics","authors":"Kadiri, Aghiosikhaino Maureen, O. Lawal, Mmom, Prince Chinedu, Nwondah Chigozie","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i121442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i121442","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pandemics are wide-ranging incidences of infectious diseases that significantly increase morbidity and mortality in extensive geographic area. The study assessed impacts of pandemics experienced by healthcare workers in teaching hospitals in Rivers State, Nigeria. \u0000Materials and Methods: This study was conducted among healthcare workers in teaching hospitals (University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) and Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH) in Rivers State Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling method was adopted to recruit 754 healthcare workers into the study, and a descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. A structured questionnaire was developed and pre-tested. The reliability of the questionnaire for this study was performed with the index of internal consistency and was calculated with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient which gave a considerable value of 0.72. The responses gotten from the participants were entered into, and analysed with IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25. Ethical clearance to conduct the study was gotten from the Research and Ethics Committee of the University of Port Harcourt. Informed consents were obtained from each of the participants. \u0000Results: Most (62.2%) of the participants experienced psychological impact of pandemics, (59.4%) of the participants experienced emotional impact of pandemics, (54.5%) of the participants experienced financial impact of pandemics and the overall (58.2%) of experienced impact of pandemics on the HCWs was obtained. Also, the result revealed a statistically significant association between marital (p=0.0001), sex (p=0.003), religion (p=0.0001), level of education completed (p=0.039), income (p=0.0001), professional category (p=0.0001), duration of work (p=0.0001) and overall experienced impact of pandemics on the participants. We predicted that among the participants, marital status, sex, religion, education, income professional category, and work duration at (p≤ 0.05), significantly contributed to the level of experienced impact of pandemics among the participants. \u0000Conclusion: Majority of the healthcare workers reported impact of pandemics. However, psychological impact of the pandemics was most prevalent impact experienced by the healthcare workers who took part in this study. The level of impact of pandemics experienced by the health workers were substantially influenced by their socio-demographic characteristics. We recommend hospital management should improve the work setting and provide necessary support to the workers. Also, the healthcare workers should participant trainings on coping strategies during pandemics.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131684475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-24DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i111439
Solomon Chetachukwu Areji, Kelechi R Onyenemezu, John C Ubah, Jennifer Makuochukwu Akosa, Chukwuemelie D Okeke, Emmanuel Izuchukwu Onyenemezu `, H. E. Okonkwo, Obinna V Ikwuka, Tobechukwu Chinenye Ezike
Purpose: Lassa fever is a disease of public health concern associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is noted to be endemic in the west-African Lassa fever belt with seasonal variations usually associated with epidemics. Nigeria among other countries is known to suffer from this. This study aims to determine the Knowledge, attitude, and prevention of Lassa Fever transmission among women in Nnewi North LGA of Anambra State and contributory factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional study conducted among women in Nnewi between 1st to 30th September, 2022. Data was collected using pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire among 252 respondents. It was analyzed with SPSS version 25.0. Results: Their mean age was 33.40 years ranging from 18-69 years. Overall, 80.2% of the respondents had good knowledge on Lassa fever, 77.8% had good attitude towards prevention and 84.9% showed a good level of practice of its prevention. Educational level was a statistically significant factor in all these. 21% of respondents reported knowledge through health workers. Conclusion: There is a high level of knowledge, attitude, and transmission prevention among women resident in Nnewi with educational status being a major determinant. This will significantly help to reduce the burden of and transmission of the disease though the means of awareness differed among different individuals. Practical Implication: There is a need to improve public health awareness by health workers in order to improve the integrity and content of the population’s health education.
目的:拉沙热是一种与显著发病率和死亡率相关的公共卫生关注疾病。注意到它在西非拉沙热带流行，季节变化通常与流行有关。众所周知，尼日利亚和其他一些国家都有这种问题。本研究旨在确定阿南布拉州Nnewi North LGA妇女中拉沙热传播的知识、态度和预防及其影响因素。方法:在2022年9月1日至30日期间在Nnewi的妇女中进行了一项横断面研究。在252名受访者中，采用预先测试的访谈者管理问卷收集数据。采用SPSS 25.0进行分析。结果:患者平均年龄33.40岁，年龄18 ~ 69岁。总体而言，80.2%的受访者对拉沙热有良好的认识，77.8%的受访者对预防态度良好，84.9%的受访者对拉沙热的预防实践水平良好。教育水平是统计上显著的影响因素。21%的答复者报告通过卫生工作者获得知识。结论:纽威省妇女对艾滋病的知识、态度和传播预防水平较高，教育程度是主要决定因素。这将大大有助于减少疾病的负担和传播，尽管不同个人的认识方式不同。实际意义:有必要提高卫生工作者的公共卫生意识，以改进人口卫生教育的完整性和内容。
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Prevention of Lassa fever Transmission among Women in Nnewi North Lga, Anambra State, Nigeria","authors":"Solomon Chetachukwu Areji, Kelechi R Onyenemezu, John C Ubah, Jennifer Makuochukwu Akosa, Chukwuemelie D Okeke, Emmanuel Izuchukwu Onyenemezu `, H. E. Okonkwo, Obinna V Ikwuka, Tobechukwu Chinenye Ezike","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i111439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i111439","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Lassa fever is a disease of public health concern associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is noted to be endemic in the west-African Lassa fever belt with seasonal variations usually associated with epidemics. Nigeria among other countries is known to suffer from this. This study aims to determine the Knowledge, attitude, and prevention of Lassa Fever transmission among women in Nnewi North LGA of Anambra State and contributory factors. \u0000Methodology: A cross-sectional study conducted among women in Nnewi between 1st to 30th September, 2022. Data was collected using pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire among 252 respondents. It was analyzed with SPSS version 25.0. \u0000Results: Their mean age was 33.40 years ranging from 18-69 years. Overall, 80.2% of the respondents had good knowledge on Lassa fever, 77.8% had good attitude towards prevention and 84.9% showed a good level of practice of its prevention. Educational level was a statistically significant factor in all these. 21% of respondents reported knowledge through health workers. \u0000Conclusion: There is a high level of knowledge, attitude, and transmission prevention among women resident in Nnewi with educational status being a major determinant. This will significantly help to reduce the burden of and transmission of the disease though the means of awareness differed among different individuals. \u0000Practical Implication: There is a need to improve public health awareness by health workers in order to improve the integrity and content of the population’s health education.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123252354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-24DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i111441
J. Odoko, John E. Moyegbone, E. A. Agege, O. Akuirene, C. Ofili, S. D. Nwajei, Ephraim E. Benson, E. Nwose
Aim: Globally, Pregnant women and under five years children are the most vulnerable group in malaria zones. This study aimed to assessed factors influencing utilization of ITNs among pregnant women and care givers of children in Bayelsa and Rivers States, Nigeria. Methodology: A pretest-posttest descriptive cross-sectional survey of 330 pregnant women and caregivers of children was conducted in Bayelsa and Rivers States using multi-stage random sampling technique. Pretest questionnaire was administered to sampled respondents. Health education intervention was done to motivate behavioral change wheel (BCW) of respondents. Posttest questionnaire was administered two (2) months after health education intervention. Results: Two hundred and eight (63.0%) of pre and 292(88.5%) of post intervention respondents strongly agreed that using ITNs was the best way to prevent malaria. Findings showed that educated respondents were 4 times more knowledgeable than their uneducated counterparts (O.R.: 4.300, 95% C.I.: 0.838-22.064; p-value: 0.058). Low proportion of post intervention respondents 131(39.7%) slept in the ITNs previous night when temperature was between 26 -240C compared to 224 (67.9%) pre intervention respondents when temperature was between 24 – 250C. Public health education on use of ITNs was statistically significan (t-test: 31.026; P < .05). Being harmful and intolerance due to heat were the negative reasons for not using ITNs. Conclusion: The factor ‘heat’ during dry season stands as barrier in use of ITNs irrespective of health education intervention. It is recommended that Government policies on ventilated buildings be enforced, as well as improve on quality of the ITNs for hot weather tolerance.
{"title":"Factors Influencing Utilization of Insecticide-treated Nets among Pregnant Women and Children in Bayelsa and Rivers States, Nigeria","authors":"J. Odoko, John E. Moyegbone, E. A. Agege, O. Akuirene, C. Ofili, S. D. Nwajei, Ephraim E. Benson, E. Nwose","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i111441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i111441","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Globally, Pregnant women and under five years children are the most vulnerable group in malaria zones. This study aimed to assessed factors influencing utilization of ITNs among pregnant women and care givers of children in Bayelsa and Rivers States, Nigeria. \u0000Methodology: A pretest-posttest descriptive cross-sectional survey of 330 pregnant women and caregivers of children was conducted in Bayelsa and Rivers States using multi-stage random sampling technique. Pretest questionnaire was administered to sampled respondents. Health education intervention was done to motivate behavioral change wheel (BCW) of respondents. Posttest questionnaire was administered two (2) months after health education intervention. \u0000Results: Two hundred and eight (63.0%) of pre and 292(88.5%) of post intervention respondents strongly agreed that using ITNs was the best way to prevent malaria. Findings showed that educated respondents were 4 times more knowledgeable than their uneducated counterparts (O.R.: 4.300, 95% C.I.: 0.838-22.064; p-value: 0.058). Low proportion of post intervention respondents 131(39.7%) slept in the ITNs previous night when temperature was between 26 -240C compared to 224 (67.9%) pre intervention respondents when temperature was between 24 – 250C. Public health education on use of ITNs was statistically significan (t-test: 31.026; P < .05). Being harmful and intolerance due to heat were the negative reasons for not using ITNs. \u0000Conclusion: The factor ‘heat’ during dry season stands as barrier in use of ITNs irrespective of health education intervention. It is recommended that Government policies on ventilated buildings be enforced, as well as improve on quality of the ITNs for hot weather tolerance.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126091499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-24DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i111440
N. A. Longdoh, Makia Claudia Mbenchang
Background: Urogenital Schistosomasis (US) is the second most neglected tropical disease to malaria. It is estimated that about 600-700 million people Worldwide are at risk of contracting this disease. In Cameroon more than 5million people are at the risk of infection. Clinical manifestations of US include haematuria, dysuria, lower abdominal pain and bladder cancer. Praziquantel is the drug of choice. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of Urogenital Schistosomiais in Likomba community in Fako Division. Methods: A community based cross- sectional study was carried out from February till March 2020. A structured questionnaire was administered to 363 participants through a convenient sampling technique. We obtained information on socio-demographic data, clinical history of the participants, knowledge of the disease and other risk factors associated with Urogenital Schistosomiasis. Urine samples were collected to detect Schistosoma haematobium eggs using the centrifugation technique. Data was collected and analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 24. Results: Out of the 363 participants a total of 101 tested positive to Schistosoma haematobium infection having and overall prevalence of 27.8%. The most infected age group ranged from 5 - 13 years which had a prevalence of 49.5% while the least infected age group found within ≥ 47 years had a prevalence of 9.9%. The prevalence of US in females was 63.4% which was higher than that of males 36.6%, this difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).The risk factors associated with US included; the availability of tap water (P<0.05), the source of drinking (P<0.05), number of times they go the stream (Ndongo) (P<0.005) and various sites of taking their bath (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study revealed that US is still very prevalent among the inhabitants of Likomba community, therefore there is a need for the government and community health workers to re-inforce health education, ensure the provision of adequate pipe born water and campaign strategies which will educate and significantly help reduce the prevalence of the disease in this area.
{"title":"Urogenital Schistosomiasis in Likomba Community, Fako Division, South West Region, Cameroon","authors":"N. A. Longdoh, Makia Claudia Mbenchang","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i111440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i111440","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Urogenital Schistosomasis (US) is the second most neglected tropical disease to malaria. It is estimated that about 600-700 million people Worldwide are at risk of contracting this disease. In Cameroon more than 5million people are at the risk of infection. Clinical manifestations of US include haematuria, dysuria, lower abdominal pain and bladder cancer. Praziquantel is the drug of choice. \u0000Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of Urogenital Schistosomiais in Likomba community in Fako Division. \u0000Methods: A community based cross- sectional study was carried out from February till March 2020. A structured questionnaire was administered to 363 participants through a convenient sampling technique. We obtained information on socio-demographic data, clinical history of the participants, knowledge of the disease and other risk factors associated with Urogenital Schistosomiasis. Urine samples were collected to detect Schistosoma haematobium eggs using the centrifugation technique. Data was collected and analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 24. \u0000Results: Out of the 363 participants a total of 101 tested positive to Schistosoma haematobium infection having and overall prevalence of 27.8%. The most infected age group ranged from 5 - 13 years which had a prevalence of 49.5% while the least infected age group found within ≥ 47 years had a prevalence of 9.9%. The prevalence of US in females was 63.4% which was higher than that of males 36.6%, this difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).The risk factors associated with US included; the availability of tap water (P<0.05), the source of drinking (P<0.05), number of times they go the stream (Ndongo) (P<0.005) and various sites of taking their bath (P>0.05). \u0000Conclusion: This study revealed that US is still very prevalent among the inhabitants of Likomba community, therefore there is a need for the government and community health workers to re-inforce health education, ensure the provision of adequate pipe born water and campaign strategies which will educate and significantly help reduce the prevalence of the disease in this area.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124722712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i111438
O. Olaofe, A. Soremekun, B. Olopade, J. O. Oladele
Aim: To describe the clinical and pathological features of the various fungal and parasitic diseases seen at our hospital over a five-year period. Study Design: This is a retrospective study of records of fungal and parasitic diseases. Place and Duration of Study: The study was done at the Department of Morbid Anatomy and Forensic Medicine of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife from January 2018 to December 2022. Methods: The tissue sections of each case went through routine processing in the histopathology laboratory. The slides of the sections were viewed using a simple binocular microscope. The slides were scanned using APERIO CS2 digital slide scanner. Results: Eight cases of fungal infections and eleven cases of parasitic infections were noted during the study period. Aspergillosis accounted for five of the fungal infections, while mucormycosis accounted for two nasal infections. Schistosomiasis accounted for six cases of parasitic infections. Conclusion: Aspergillosis was the most diagnosed fungal infection while Schistosomiasis was the commonest parasitic infection. Digital stain separation could be an added tool in identification of fungal and parasitic stages in histological tissue sections.
{"title":"Fungal and Parasitic Diseases Seen in Tissue Biopsies at a Tertiary Health Center in Southwest Nigeria in a Five-Year Period","authors":"O. Olaofe, A. Soremekun, B. Olopade, J. O. Oladele","doi":"10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i111438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijtdh/2023/v44i111438","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To describe the clinical and pathological features of the various fungal and parasitic diseases seen at our hospital over a five-year period. \u0000Study Design: This is a retrospective study of records of fungal and parasitic diseases. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The study was done at the Department of Morbid Anatomy and Forensic Medicine of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife from January 2018 to December 2022. \u0000Methods: The tissue sections of each case went through routine processing in the histopathology laboratory. The slides of the sections were viewed using a simple binocular microscope. The slides were scanned using APERIO CS2 digital slide scanner. \u0000Results: Eight cases of fungal infections and eleven cases of parasitic infections were noted during the study period. Aspergillosis accounted for five of the fungal infections, while mucormycosis accounted for two nasal infections. Schistosomiasis accounted for six cases of parasitic infections. \u0000Conclusion: Aspergillosis was the most diagnosed fungal infection while Schistosomiasis was the commonest parasitic infection. Digital stain separation could be an added tool in identification of fungal and parasitic stages in histological tissue sections.","PeriodicalId":126794,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of TROPICAL DISEASE & Health","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117089589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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