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2020 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS)最新文献

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Dynamic Reduction of Power Consumption in Direct-RF Sampling Receivers with Variable Decimation 可变抽取直接射频采样接收机功耗的动态降低
Pub Date : 2020-12-08 DOI: 10.1109/APCCAS50809.2020.9301704
Yuka Nakamatsu, T. Kihara
The conventional direct radio frequency (RF) sampling receivers can not reduce their power consumption dynamically according to the power of input signals. The dynamic reduction enables them to decrease the total power consumption during operation to the level required for wireless terminals. We decrease the clock frequency of decimators in first-order recursive cascaded integrator-comb (CIC) filters after a time-interleaved ADC (TI-ADC) in a direct-RF sampling receiver, detecting higher power of input signals than the required sensitivity. Although the decimation slightly degrades the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the receiver, it reduces the power consumption of the digital building blocks. We design a 3.68-GS/s direct-RF sampling receiver, including analog and digital blocks, for Sub-GHz applications by using a 65-nm CMOS process. Simulations show that the receiver reduces a power consumption of 10.6 mW to 9.6 mW with a decimation factor of eight, whereas increasing the output SNR by 0.9 dB. This means that the receiver can decrease the power consumption, not degrading the output SNR, when receiving higher input power than the required level.
传统的直接射频(RF)采样接收机不能根据输入信号的功率动态降低其功耗。动态降低使他们能够将操作期间的总功耗降低到无线终端所需的水平。我们在直接射频采样接收器中的时间交错ADC (TI-ADC)后降低一阶递归级联积分器(CIC)滤波器中抽取器的时钟频率,检测到比所需灵敏度更高的输入信号功率。尽管抽取略微降低了接收器的输出信噪比(SNR),但它降低了数字构建块的功耗。我们设计了一个3.68-GS/s的直接射频采样接收器,包括模拟和数字模块,用于Sub-GHz应用,采用65纳米CMOS工艺。仿真结果表明,该接收机将功耗降低10.6 mW至9.6 mW,抽取系数为8,同时将输出信噪比提高0.9 dB。这意味着当接收到高于所需水平的输入功率时,接收器可以降低功耗,而不会降低输出信噪比。
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引用次数: 0
Histogram of Oriented Gradients Feature Extraction Without Normalization 不归一化的定向梯度直方图特征提取
Pub Date : 2020-12-08 DOI: 10.1109/APCCAS50809.2020.9301715
Ling Zhang, Weihong Zhou, Jingwei Li, Juan Li, Xin Lou
In this paper, the effects of normalization in the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) are studied and a HOG feature extraction pipeline without normalization is proposed. In the proposed pipeline, the functionality of normalization is merged into the gradient generation step by replacing the original linear difference based gradients with logarithmic gradients. Due to the discrete property of the pixel values, the logarithmic operation can be easily implemented using a lookup table (LUT) with a depth of 2N, where N is the bit-width of the pixels. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed normalization-free HOG feature based logarithmic gradient is close to the original version and can be used in the pedestrian detection algorithms without performance degradation. It is shown in the experiments that by skipping the time-consuming normalization step, the processing speed of HOG feature extraction can be significantly improved.
研究了归一化对定向梯度直方图(HOG)的影响,提出了一种无需归一化的HOG特征提取管道。在该管道中,通过用对数梯度代替原来的基于线性差分的梯度,将归一化功能合并到梯度生成步骤中。由于像素值的离散性,可以使用深度为2N的查找表(LUT)轻松实现对数操作,其中N是像素的位宽。理论分析和实验结果表明,本文提出的无归一化HOG特征的对数梯度算法接近原始算法,可用于行人检测算法,且性能不下降。实验表明,通过跳过耗时的归一化步骤,可以显著提高HOG特征提取的处理速度。
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引用次数: 5
An Energy-Efficient Time-Domain Binary Neural Network Accelerator with Error-Detection in 28nm CMOS 基于误差检测的28nm CMOS节能时域二值神经网络加速器
Pub Date : 2020-12-08 DOI: 10.1109/APCCAS50809.2020.9301692
Yuxuan Du, Xinchao Shang, Weiwei Shan
Due to the increasing demand of high energy-efficient processor for deep neural networks, traditional neural network accelerators with high-precision weights and activations that usually occupies huge on/off-chip resources with large power consumption is no longer suitable for internet-of-things applications. Binary neural networks (BNNs) reduce memory size and computation complexity, achieving drastically increased energy efficiency. In this paper, an energy-efficient time-domain binary neural network accelerator is optimized for image recognition, with time-domain accumulation (TD-MAC), timing error detection based adaptive voltage scaling design and the related approximate computing. The proposed key features are: 1) an error-tolerant adaptive voltage scaling system with TD-MAC chain truncation for aggressive power reduction, working from near-threshold to normal voltage; 2) architectural parallelism and data reuse with 100% TD-MAC utilization; 3) low power TD-MAC based on analog delay lines. Fabricated in a 28nm CMOS process, our timing error detection based adaptive voltage scaling design enables the whole system achieves a maximum 51.5TOPS/W energy efficiency at 0.42V and 25MHz, with 99.6% accuracy on MNIST dataset.
由于深度神经网络对高能效处理器的需求不断增加,传统的高精度权重和激活的神经网络加速器通常占用巨大的片内外资源,功耗大,不再适合物联网应用。二值神经网络(bnn)减少了内存大小和计算复杂度,从而大大提高了能源效率。本文优化了一种高效的时域二值神经网络加速器用于图像识别,采用时域累积(TD-MAC)、基于时序误差检测的自适应电压缩放设计和相关的近似计算。提出的关键特征是:1)具有TD-MAC链截断的容错自适应电压缩放系统,可从近阈值电压工作到正常电压;2)架构并行性和数据重用,100% TD-MAC利用率;3)基于模拟延迟线的低功耗TD-MAC。采用28nm CMOS工艺制造,基于时序误差检测的自适应电压缩放设计使整个系统在0.42V和25MHz下实现最大51.5TOPS/W的能量效率,在MNIST数据集上具有99.6%的精度。
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引用次数: 4
An Energy Operating System Adaptive for The Sustainable And Green Energy 适应可持续能源和绿色能源的能源运行系统
Pub Date : 2020-12-08 DOI: 10.1109/APCCAS50809.2020.9301701
Yen-Bor Lin, Chih-Chieh Ma, Chong-Cheng Hsu, Ting-Chia Ou, Tsung-Chieh Cheng, Wen-Fu Chen
The system integration of the energy devices is the challenge that constrained the development of the sustainable energy in real. This study proposed an Energy Operating System (EOS) to monitor and manage the energy devices inside the proposed energy grid node. The EOS treats the energy devices as the uniformly interfaced devices based on the proposed USB interface and the electric power line. The eight general utilization scenarios of the proposed local energy grid node system were evaluated, and the experimental results demonstrated the practicality.
能源装置的系统集成是现实中制约可持续能源发展的难题。本研究提出一种能源操作系统(Energy Operating System, EOS)来监控和管理所提出的能源网格节点内的能源设备。EOS根据提出的USB接口和电源线将能源设备视为统一接口设备。对提出的局部能源网格节点系统的8种一般利用场景进行了评估,实验结果验证了该系统的实用性。
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引用次数: 0
Open Top Socketed Evaluation Board for Bench Test and Fault Localization on GaAs RF Device 用于GaAs射频器件台架测试和故障定位的开顶插座评估板
Pub Date : 2020-12-08 DOI: 10.1109/APCCAS50809.2020.9301699
Alex Marionne A. del Castillo, Ramon G. Garcia, F. Cruz
Improving the cycle time through the development of techniques and enhancement of equipment aims customer satisfaction. Repetitive mounting and demounting on an evaluation board is one of the aspects that cause high cycle time. The open-top socketed evaluation board will be used for bench testing and fault localization eliminating the mounting and demounting process on the failure analysis flow of a specific GaAs radio frequency device and lessen the cycle time from sample preparation for failure verification until fault localization. The open-top socketed evaluation board achieved electrical specification parameters by the datasheet including supply current, gain, input and output return loss; matched emission sites on fault localization by LEM; eliminated mounting and demounting process, and saved 50.71 % of the processing time from sample preparation for failure verification up to sample preparation for physical analysis.
通过技术的发展和设备的改进来缩短生产周期,以客户满意为目标。在评估板上重复安装和拆卸是造成高周期时间的一个方面。开顶插座评估板将用于台架测试和故障定位,消除了特定砷化镓射频器件故障分析流程中的安装和拆卸过程,并缩短了从样品制备到故障验证到故障定位的周期时间。开顶插座评估板通过电源电流、增益、输入和输出回波损耗等数据表实现电气规范参数;基于LEM的故障定位匹配发射点;消除了安装和拆卸过程,从故障验证样品制备到物理分析样品制备的处理时间节省了50.71%。
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引用次数: 0
Real-Time Hardware Implementation of 3D Sound Synthesis 三维声音合成的实时硬件实现
Pub Date : 2020-12-08 DOI: 10.1109/APCCAS50809.2020.9301667
G. Sathwik, B. Acharya, Bilal Ali, P. DeepuS., D. S. Sumam
In this paper, hardware design and implementation to realize the effect of 3D sound with time-varying FIR filters are presented. 3D sound is a type of audio that encapsulates and recreates the effect identical to the way our ears normally experience. The spatial location of sound results in its three dimensional aspect. To synthesize it from a stereo recording, Head Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs), which describe the spectral behaviour of sounds coming from a particular direction are used. FIR filters derived from this transfer function are applied to the incoming sound, yielding spatial effect. The system was implemented using 180 nm technology libraries targeting an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) and the functionality was validated in real-time on FPGA.
本文介绍了用时变FIR滤波器实现三维声音效果的硬件设计与实现。3D声音是一种音频,它封装并再现了与我们耳朵通常体验的效果相同的效果。声音的空间位置决定了它的三维性。为了从立体声录音中合成它,使用了头部相关传递函数(hrtf),它描述了来自特定方向的声音的频谱行为。从这个传递函数衍生的FIR滤波器应用于传入的声音,产生空间效应。该系统采用针对专用集成电路(ASIC)的180nm技术库实现,并在FPGA上进行了实时功能验证。
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引用次数: 1
A Two-step SAR ADC with Synchronous DEM Calibration Achieving Up to 15% Power Reduction 具有同步DEM校准的两步SAR ADC实现高达15%的功耗降低
Pub Date : 2020-12-08 DOI: 10.1109/APCCAS50809.2020.9301655
Zhechong Lan, Li Dong, Xixin Jing, Liheng Liu, Ken Li, Ziyan Shen, Zhiming Li, Li Geng
This paper presents a two-step 12-bit successive-approximation register (SAR) analog to-digital converter (ADC) with a synchronous Dynamic-Element-Matching (DEM) algorithm calibration. In the proposed two-step structure, the high-precision comparison is replaced by a low-power comparison in some conversion cycles, which can lower the power consumption of the ADC. The DEM calibration fits the 2-step structure very well and achieves a first-order mismatch shaping with negligible extra power loss. The proposed SAR ADC is fabricated in a standard 180 nm CMOS technology with a core area of 0.226 mm2. It consumes 9.15 μW at 200 kS/s sampling rate, resulting a power consumption reduction of 15%, and achieves a SNDR of 68.85 dB. The resulting figure of merit (FoM) is 20.13 fJ/conversion-step.
本文提出了一种采用同步动态元素匹配(DEM)算法校准的两步12位连续逼近寄存器(SAR)模数转换器(ADC)。在本文提出的两步结构中,在某些转换周期内用低功耗比较取代了高精度比较,从而降低了ADC的功耗。DEM校准非常适合两步结构,并在可忽略的额外功率损失下实现一阶不匹配整形。所提出的SAR ADC采用标准的180 nm CMOS技术制造,核心面积为0.226 mm2。采样率为200ks /s时,功耗为9.15 μW,功耗降低15%,SNDR为68.85 dB。所得的优值(FoM)为20.13 fJ/转换步。
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引用次数: 2
Low-Power PMIC with Two Hybrid Converters for TEG Application 具有两个混合转换器的低功耗PMIC用于TEG应用
Pub Date : 2020-12-08 DOI: 10.1109/APCCAS50809.2020.9301651
Thinh Tran-Dinh, H. Pham, B. Dao, Hien Hoang-Thi, L. Pham-Nguyen, Sang-Gug Lee, Hanh-Phuc Le
This paper presents a low-power power management IC (PMIC) for Thermal Electric Generator (TEG) applications that includes investigation, demonstration, and comparison between two hybrid DC-DC converters. Both converters employs an input inductive step-up stage and an output switched-capacitor stage. The first converter, a 2-stage boost converter (2SBC), has a Boost stage connected in series with a switched-capacitor doubler, fully integrated with all control and regulation circuits. The second converter is an open-loop three-level boost converter (3LBC). Both converters are designed in a single prototype chip, fabricated in a 180-nm process. The PMIC’s self-start operation is verified at a minimum voltage of 50mV. The functionality of both converters are verified to match with simulation results, achieving above 50% efficiency for a wide range of loads. The peak efficiencies of 65% and 83% are achieved for the 2-stage boost converter and the three level boost converter at 150mV and 180mV input voltages, respectively.
本文介绍了一种用于热电发电机(TEG)应用的低功耗电源管理IC (PMIC),包括研究、演示和两种混合DC-DC转换器的比较。两个变换器都采用输入电感升压级和输出开关电容级。第一个转换器是2级升压转换器(2SBC),其升压级与开关电容倍频器串联,与所有控制和调节电路完全集成。第二个变换器是开环三电平升压变换器(3LBC)。这两种转换器都设计在一个原型芯片上,采用180纳米工艺制造。PMIC的自启动操作在50mV的最小电压下被验证。两种转换器的功能经过验证,与仿真结果相匹配,在广泛的负载范围内实现50%以上的效率。在150mV和180mV输入电压下,2级升压变换器和3级升压变换器的峰值效率分别达到65%和83%。
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引用次数: 1
A 72-nW 440-mV Time Register Using Stacked-NMOS-Switched Gated Delay Cell in Biomedical Applications 基于堆叠nmos开关门控延迟单元的72-nW 440-mV时间寄存器在生物医学中的应用
Pub Date : 2020-12-08 DOI: 10.1109/APCCAS50809.2020.9301716
Guowei Chen, C. D. Bui, Xinyang Yu, Md. Zahidul Islam, A. Kobayashi, K. Niitsu
This paper presents a time register that uses a gated delay pipeline, to hold or propagate time information through the line by a stacked NMOS switch. The minimum supply voltage can be down to 440 mV, which is much lower than previous state-of-the-arts whose supply voltage is 1 V or higher, making this design beneficial for wearable/implantable devices in biomedical applications. The post-layout simulation performed in 65-nm CMOS technology confirms the function of the proposed time register at a conversion rate of 10 MSamples/s. The stacked-NMOS-switched architecture contributes to low leakage current, realizing low power consumption of 72 nW. In addition, the coefficient of determination, denoted R2, is 0.9956 in the linear input range of 4–11 ns, indicating good linearity.
本文提出了一种使用门控延迟管道的时间寄存器,通过堆叠NMOS开关在线路中保存或传播时间信息。最小供电电压可低至440 mV,远低于之前的1 V或更高的供电电压,使该设计有利于生物医学应用中的可穿戴/植入式设备。在65纳米CMOS技术上进行的布局后仿真证实了所提出的时间寄存器的功能,转换速率为10 MSamples/s。堆叠nmos开关架构有助于低泄漏电流,实现低功耗72 nW。在4-11 ns的线性输入范围内,测定系数R2为0.9956,线性良好。
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引用次数: 1
Revisit to Floating-Point Division Algorithm Based on Taylor-Series Expansion 基于泰勒级数展开的浮点除法算法述评
Pub Date : 2020-12-08 DOI: 10.1109/APCCAS50809.2020.9301675
Jianglin Wei, A. Kuwana, Haruo Kobayashi, K. Kubo
This paper investigates floating-point division algorithms based on Taylor-series expansion. Taylor-series expansions of 1/x are examined for several center points with their convergence ranges, and show the Taylor-series expansion division algorithm trade-offs among division accuracy, numbers of multiplications/additions/subtractions and LUT sizes; the designer can choose the optimal algorithm for his digital division, and build its conceptual architecture design with the contents described here.
本文研究了基于泰勒级数展开的浮点除法算法。研究了1/x的若干中心点及其收敛范围的泰勒级数展开式,并展示了泰勒级数展开式除法算法在除法精度、乘法/加法/减法数量和LUT大小之间的权衡;设计人员可以为自己的数字除法选择最优算法,并根据本文介绍的内容进行概念架构设计。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
2020 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS)
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