Hearing Research最新文献_第6页

Hemispheric difference of adaptation lifetime in human auditory cortex measured with MEG

IF 2.5 2区医学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Hearing Research

Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2024.109173

Asim H. Dar , Nina Härtwich , Aida Hajizadeh , Michael Brosch , Reinhard König , Patrick J.C. May

Adaptation is the attenuation of a neuronal response when a stimulus is repeatedly presented. The phenomenon has been linked to sensory memory, but its exact neuronal mechanisms are under debate. One defining feature of adaptation is its lifetime, that is, the timespan over which the attenuating effect of previous stimulation persists. This can be revealed by varying the stimulus-onset interval (SOI) of the repeated stimulus. As SOI is increased, the peak amplitude of the response grows before saturating at large SOIs. The rate of this growth can be quantified and used as an estimate of adaptation lifetime. Here, we studied whether adaptation lifetime varies across the left and the right auditory cortex of the human brain. Event-related fields of whole-head magnetoencephalograms (MEG) were measured in 14 subjects during binaural presentation of pure tone stimuli. To make statistical inferences on the single-subject level, additional event-related fields were generated by resampling the original single-trial data via bootstrapping. For each hemisphere and SOI, the peak amplitude of the N1m response was then derived from both original and bootstrap-based data sets. Finally, the N1m-peak amplitudes were used for deriving subject- and hemisphere-specific estimates of adaptation lifetime. Comparing subject-specific adaptation lifetime across hemispheres, we found a significant difference, with longer adaptation lifetimes in the left than in the right auditory cortex (p = 0.004). This difference might have a functional relevance in the context of temporal binding of auditory stimuli, leading to larger integration time windows in the left than in the right hemisphere.

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引用次数: 0

Gene therapy for hereditary hearing loss 遗传性听力损失的基因治疗

IF 2.5 2区医学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Hearing Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2024.109151

Zeming Fu , Liping Zhao , Yingyuan Guo , Jingpu Yang

Gene therapy is a technique by which exogenous genetic material is introduced into target cells to treat or prevent diseases caused by genetic mutations. Hearing loss is the most common sensory disorder. Genetic factors contribute to approximately 50 % of all cases of profound hearing loss, and more than 150 independent genes have been reported as associated with hearing loss. Recent advances in CRISPR/Cas based gene-editing tools have facilitated the development of gene therapies for hereditary hearing loss (HHL). Viral delivery vectors, and especially adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors, have been demonstrated as safe and efficient carriers for the delivery of transgenes into inner ear cells in animal models. More importantly, AAV-mediated gene therapy can restore hearing in some children with hereditary deafness. However, there are many different types of HHL that need to be identified and evaluated to determine appropriate gene therapy options. In the present review, we summarize recent animal model-based advances in gene therapy for HHL, as well as gene therapy strategies, gene-editing tools, delivery vectors, and administration routes. We also discuss the strengths and limitations of different gene therapy methods and describe future challenges for the eventual clinical application of gene therapy for HHL.

基因治疗是一种将外源遗传物质引入靶细胞以治疗或预防由基因突变引起的疾病的技术。听力损失是最常见的感觉障碍。遗传因素约占所有深度听力损失病例的50%，据报道有150多种独立基因与听力损失有关。基于CRISPR/Cas的基因编辑工具的最新进展促进了遗传性听力损失（HHL）基因疗法的发展。在动物模型中，病毒传递载体，特别是腺相关病毒（AAV）载体已被证明是将转基因传递到内耳细胞的安全有效的载体。更重要的是，aav介导的基因治疗可以恢复一些遗传性耳聋儿童的听力。然而，有许多不同类型的HHL需要识别和评估，以确定适当的基因治疗方案。在本综述中，我们总结了近年来基于动物模型的HHL基因治疗进展，以及基因治疗策略、基因编辑工具、传递载体和给药途径。我们还讨论了不同基因治疗方法的优势和局限性，并描述了HHL基因治疗最终临床应用的未来挑战。

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引用次数: 0

The therapeutic effect and underlying biochemical mechanism of methylprednisolone and D-methionine in “rescuing” noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs 甲基强的松龙和 D-蛋氨酸 "挽救 "豚鼠噪声性听力损失的疗效及其生化机制。

IF 2.5 2区医学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Hearing Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2024.109148

Po-Hsuan Wu , Wu-Chia Lo , Chih-Ming Chang , Po-Wen Cheng , Shing-Hwa Liu

Objectives

Currently, there are no approved therapeutics for noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Both oxidative stress and cochlear inflammation play important roles in the mechanism of NIHL. In this study, we evaluate the effect of D-methionine (D-met) and methylprednisolone (MP) on noise-induced hearing loss of guinea pigs.

Design

One hundred and thirty-two male guinea pigs were evenly divided into eleven groups: control, saline, MP (15, 30, 45 mg/kg), D-met (200, 400, 600 mg/kg), and combinations of MP (15, 30, 45 mg/kg) with D-met (200, 400, 600 mg/kg) in increasing doses. Sixty minutes following a 6-hour exposure to continuous broadband white noise at a sound pressure level of 105 ± 2 dB, treatments were given every 12 h over the course of 3 days. Click-evoked auditory brainstem responses were evaluated one day before and fourteen days after noise exposure. The animals in the combination group were sacrificed 14 days after noise exposure, and cochlear lateral wall Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-ATPase activities, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were evaluated.

Results

The mean permanent threshold shift (PTS) showed a dose-dependent rescue effect from low to high doses in both MP and D-met treatment groups. In the combination treatment groups, MP (45 mg/kg) with D-met (600 mg/kg) demonstrated a complete rescue response without a significant difference in PTS compared to the control group. The noise-induced decreases in Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-ATPase activities demonstrated dose-dependent recoveries from the low to high dose combination groups. Specifically, the MP (45 mg/kg) with D-met (600 mg/kg) group achieved 84.8% and 95.5% recovery of Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-ATPase activity levels, respectively, compared to the control group. The noise-induced increase in LPO levels exhibited dose-dependent alleviation from the low to high dose combination groups, showing only a 12.3% LPO increment in the MP (45 mg/kg) with D-met (600 mg/kg) group.

Conclusions

Noise-induced hearing loss was completely rescued in the MP (45 mg/kg) with D-met (600 mg/kg) treatment group. Significant decreases in cochlear lateral wall oxidative stress were demonstrated, along with the reversal of Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase and Ca²⁺-ATPase activity levels.

目标：目前，噪声性听力损失（NIHL）的治疗方法尚未获得批准。氧化应激和耳蜗炎症在 NIHL 的发病机制中起着重要作用。在这项研究中，我们评估了 D-蛋氨酸（D-met）和甲基强的松龙（MP）对噪声诱导的豚鼠听力损失的影响：设计：132 只雄性豚鼠被平均分成 11 组：对照组、生理盐水组、MP 组（15、30、45 毫克/千克）、D-甲硫氨酸组（200、400、600 毫克/千克）以及 MP（15、30、45 毫克/千克）与 D-甲硫氨酸组（200、400、600 毫克/千克）的组合组，剂量依次增加。在声压级为 105 ± 2 dB 的连续宽带白噪声中暴露 6 小时后 60 分钟，在 3 天内每隔 12 小时进行一次治疗。在噪声暴露前一天和暴露后十四天分别对点击诱发的听性脑干反应进行评估。联合组动物在噪声暴露 14 天后处死，并评估耳蜗侧壁 Na+、K+-ATPase 和 Ca2+-ATPase 活性以及脂质过氧化（LPO）：MP和D-met治疗组的平均永久阈值移动（PTS）从低剂量到高剂量均显示出剂量依赖性的挽救效应。在联合治疗组中，MP（45 毫克/千克）和 D-met（600 毫克/千克）显示出完全的挽救反应，与对照组相比，PTS 没有显著差异。噪音诱导的 Na+、K+-ATPase 和 Ca2+-ATPase 活性的降低，从低剂量组到高剂量组均表现出剂量依赖性恢复。具体来说，与对照组相比，MP（45 毫克/千克）联合 D-met（600 毫克/千克）组的 Na+、K+-ATPase 和 Ca2+-ATPase 活性水平分别恢复了 84.8%和 95.5%。从低剂量组到高剂量组，噪声诱导的 LPO 水平升高呈剂量依赖性缓解，MP 组（45 毫克/千克）和 D-met 组（600 毫克/千克）的 LPO 增幅仅为 12.3%：结论：MP（45 毫克/千克）联合 D-met（600 毫克/千克）治疗组完全缓解了噪声引起的听力损失。耳蜗侧壁氧化应激显著降低，Na+、K+-ATPase 和 Ca2+-ATPase 活性水平也得到逆转。

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引用次数: 0

Impaired brainstem auditory evoked potentials after in utero exposure to high dose paracetamol exposure 子宫内接触高剂量扑热息痛后脑干听觉诱发电位受损。

IF 2.5 2区医学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Hearing Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2024.109149

Meghan Graeca, Randy Kulesza

Paracetamol is an analgesic and antipyretic medication regarded as the safest over-the-counter pain and fever relief option during pregnancy. Paracetamol and its metabolites are known to reach the developing fetus through direct placental transfer and can cross the blood brain barrier. Several recent, large-scale epidemiologic studies suggest that in utero paracetamol exposure can increase the risk of neurodevelopmental conditions, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and developmental delay (DD). Since auditory processing deficits are a common feature of ASD, we hypothesized that animals exposed to paracetamol in utero will have impaired auditory brainstem function. We investigated this hypothesis by recording and analyzing click-evoked auditory brainstem responses (ABR) at postnatal day 21 and 29 in Sprague-Dawley rats. In utero exposure to high dose paracetamol exposure had no impact on body or brain weight. However, high dose paracetamol exposure did significantly delay ear opening and resulted in elevated ABR thresholds, and longer wave and interwave latencies. These changes in wave latency extended to the highest click intensity tested but were most severe near threshold. This data suggests that development and function of the auditory brainstem may be impacted by high dose paracetamol exposure and that simple, non-invasive tests of auditory function have utility as an early screening tool for neurodevelopmental disorders.

扑热息痛是一种镇痛和退烧药，被认为是孕期最安全的非处方止痛和退烧药。众所周知，扑热息痛及其代谢物可通过胎盘直接转移到达发育中的胎儿体内，并可穿过血脑屏障。最近的几项大规模流行病学研究表明，子宫内接触扑热息痛会增加患神经发育疾病的风险，包括自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）、注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和发育迟缓（DD）。由于听觉处理缺陷是自闭症谱系障碍的常见特征，我们假设在子宫内暴露于扑热息痛的动物会出现听觉脑干功能受损。我们通过记录和分析 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠出生后第 21 天和第 29 天的点击诱发听性脑干反应（ABR）来研究这一假设。子宫内暴露于高剂量扑热息痛不会影响大鼠的体重或脑重。然而，接触高剂量扑热息痛确实会明显延迟耳朵张开的时间，并导致 ABR 阈值升高、波潜伏期和波间潜伏期延长。波潜伏期的这些变化延伸到测试的最高点击强度，但在阈值附近最为严重。这些数据表明，听觉脑干的发育和功能可能会受到接触高剂量扑热息痛的影响，而简单、无创的听觉功能测试可作为神经发育障碍的早期筛查工具。

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引用次数: 0

Silicone-based AC102-loaded cochlear implant coatings protect residual hearing in an animal model of cochlear implantation 硅基 AC102- 人工耳蜗涂层可保护人工耳蜗植入动物模型的残余听力。

IF 2.5 2区医学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Hearing Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2024.109150

Michael Nieratschker , Pavel Mistrik , Zdenek Petrasek , Erdem Yildiz , Anselm J. Gadenstaetter , Matthias Gerlitz , Anne-Margarethe Kramer , Monika Kwiatkowska , Susanne Braun , Reimar Schlingensiepen , Clemens Honeder , Christoph Arnoldner

Cochlear implant users with residual hearing benefit synergistically from combined electrical stimulation via the cochlear implant and preserved residual hearing after surgery. However, direct mechanical trauma and subsequent inflammation may deteriorate hearing function. AC102, a novel otoprotective pyridoindole with anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative properties significantly improved hearing recovery following cochlear implantation when administered intratympanically prior to surgery. Additionally, AC102 exerts neurotrophic effects, possibly aiding in the preservation of auditory nerve fibers and spiral ganglion neurons. Rapid clearance of the drug, however, might be a limiting factor to further attenuate the inflammatory response and maintain neuronal health. The aim of the current study was to design an AC102-loaded electrode array for sustained drug delivery and investigate its effects in hearing preservation cochlear implantation.

First, the release-kinetics of AC102 were investigated in vitro and modelled by the Higuchi equation of drug release. An electrode array coated with 10 % AC102 was manufactured, its release kinetics evaluated, and subsequently tested in vivo. 20 normal hearing Mongolian gerbils were unilaterally implanted with an AC102-loaded or an unloaded control electrode. Compound action potentials were measured prior to cochlear implantation and serially over 28 days. Hair cells, inner hair cell synapses, and auditory nerve fibers were quantified in cochlear whole-mounts by immunofluorescence staining.

AC102 release from silicone coating could be predictably modelled by the Higuchi equation of drug release. The electrode array with an AC102-silicone depot enabled non-linear sustained drug release with initially higher release concentrations. In vivo, the AC102-loaded electrode array significantly recovered auditory threshold shifts near the maximum insertion depth over 28 days. In the apical region, a significant recovery was noticed only until day 14, after which threshold shifts aligned between groups. Histologically, AC102-loaded electrodes significantly preserved outer hair cells apical of the maximum insertion depth and inner hair cells and neuronal structures at the tip of the inserted electrode.

In conclusion, the drug-loaded electrode arrays could predictably release AC102 over a period of 28 days. AC102 enabled the restoration of auditory thresholds near the area of maximum insertion, which is the desired region to be preserved in cochlear implant recipients with residual hearing.

人工耳蜗植入者术后通过人工耳蜗进行电刺激并保留残余听力，可使残余听力者协同受益。然而，直接的机械创伤和随后的炎症可能会恶化听力功能。AC102是一种新型耳保护性吡啶吲哚，具有抗凋亡和抗氧化特性，在人工耳蜗植入手术前进行耳内给药，可显著改善术后听力恢复。此外，AC102 还具有神经营养作用，可能有助于保护听神经纤维和螺旋神经节神经元。然而，药物的快速清除可能是进一步减轻炎症反应和维持神经元健康的限制因素。本研究的目的是设计一种用于持续给药的 AC102 负载电极阵列，并研究其在听力保护人工耳蜗植入中的效果。首先，在体外研究了 AC102 的释放动力学，并用药物释放的樋口方程建立了模型。制作了涂有 10% AC102 的电极阵列，评估了其释放动力学，随后进行了体内测试。20 只听力正常的蒙古沙鼠单侧植入了一个涂有 AC102 的电极或一个未涂 AC102 的对照电极。在人工耳蜗植入前和 28 天内连续测量复合动作电位。通过免疫荧光染色对耳蜗全切片中的毛细胞、内毛细胞突触和听神经纤维进行量化。硅涂层中 AC102 的释放可以用药物释放的樋口方程来预测。带有 AC102 硅涂层的电极阵列可实现非线性的持续药物释放，最初的释放浓度较高。在体内，负载 AC102 的电极阵列在 28 天内显著恢复了最大插入深度附近的听觉阈值偏移。在顶端区域，仅在第 14 天之前有明显恢复，之后各组之间的阈值偏移趋于一致。从组织学角度来看，AC102 负载电极可显著保留最大插入深度顶端的外毛细胞以及插入电极顶端的内毛细胞和神经元结构。总之，载药电极阵列可预测地在28天内释放AC102。AC102 能够恢复最大插入区域附近的听觉阈值，而这正是有残余听力的人工耳蜗植入者希望保留的区域。

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引用次数: 0

Sensory and affective dimensions in loudness perception: Insights from young adults 响度感知中的感官和情感维度：来自年轻人的启示

IF 2.5 2区医学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Hearing Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2024.109147

Charlotte Bigras , Victoria Duda , Sylvie Hébert

Traditional psychoacoustic measures often lack accuracy in diagnosing hyperacusis and other sound tolerance disorders, possibly due to their reliance on artificial stimuli and unidimensional scales. The aim of this study was to assess loudness across sensory and affective dimensions using natural sounds, drawing on pain research wherein intensity and unpleasantness are assessed separately. We hypothesized that similar distinctions apply to loudness perception. A total of 102 young adults with normal to mild hearing loss rated 32 sound stimuli (pleasant, unpleasant, neutral, and artificial) at 10 intensities (40 to 100 dBA) on sensory and affective scales. They also completed the Hyperacusis Questionnaire, the Noise Sensitivity Scale, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Mixed linear models indicated both correlations and dissociations between scales that varied according to intensity and valence. Louder stimuli were rated as more unpleasant, but only at high intensities. On the sensory scale, sounds were perceived as louder with increasing intensity; however, at low to moderate intensities, pleasant and neutral sounds were rated as louder, whereas at higher intensities, artificial and unpleasant stimuli were rated as louder. On the affective scale, the perception of unpleasantness also increased with intensity, but less steeply. At high intensities, artificial stimuli were rated similarly to unpleasant stimuli. Noise sensitivity scores predicted louder and more unpleasant ratings, whereas depression scores were associated with softer and less pleasant perceptions. This study highlights the need for multidimensional approaches in audiology and suggests that the integration of sensory and affective scales with natural stimuli may improve the diagnosis and treatment of sound tolerance disorders.

传统的心理声学测量方法在诊断听力障碍和其他声音耐受障碍时往往缺乏准确性，这可能是由于它们依赖于人工刺激和单维度量表。本研究的目的是利用自然声音从感官和情感两个维度对响度进行评估，并借鉴疼痛研究中分别评估强度和不愉快程度的方法。我们假设类似的区分也适用于响度感知。共有 102 名听力正常至轻度受损的年轻人对 10 种强度（40 至 100 分贝）的 32 种声音刺激（愉快、不愉快、中性和人工）进行了感官和情感评分。他们还填写了听力障碍问卷、噪音敏感度量表和医院焦虑抑郁量表。混合线性模型显示，不同强度和情绪的量表之间存在相关性和不相关性。大音量的刺激被评为更令人不愉快，但只有在高强度时才会如此。在感觉量表上，声音随着强度的增加而被认为变大；然而，在中低强度下，愉快和中性的声音被认为变大，而在较高强度下，人为和不愉快的刺激被认为变大。在情感量表中，不愉快感也随着强度的增加而增加，但增加的幅度较小。在高强度下，人工刺激与不愉快刺激的评分相似。噪音敏感度得分预示着声音更大、更令人不愉快的评价，而抑郁得分则与声音更柔和、更令人不愉快的感知有关。这项研究强调了听力学中多维方法的必要性，并表明将感觉和情感量表与自然刺激相结合可能会改善声耐受障碍的诊断和治疗。

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引用次数: 0

On the phase consistency of apical organ of Corti vibrations 关于科蒂尖器官振动的相位一致性。

IF 2.5 2区医学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Hearing Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2024.109137

George W.S. Burwood , Tianying Ren , Alfred L. Nuttall , Anders Fridberger

Low-frequency hearing is critically important for speech and music perception. However, technical and anatomical limitations previously made it difficult to study the mechanics of the low-frequency parts of the cochlea, but this changed with the introduction of optical coherence tomography vibrometry. With this technique, sound-evoked vibration can be measured from the apex of a fully intact cochlea. Results of such measurements generated controversy because conventional traveling waves, the hallmark of which is longer group delay closer to the helicotrema, were absent within the apical 20% of the guinea pig cochlea (Burwood et al, Science Advances 8:eabq2773, 2022). The validity of this result was questioned, primarily because group delays were calculated from phase values averaged across many points within the organ of Corti. Here we show that variations in phase across the organ of Corti are minor and does not affect the group delay significantly. We also assess the precision of phase measurements with optical coherence tomography. An artificial target with reflectivity similar to the organ of Corti was used. These measurements revealed that a commonly used commercial optical coherence tomography system produces half-cycle errors in 1-5 % of pixels, leading to a bimodal distribution of phase values. This problem can be easily addressed by using medians when computing averages, as was done by Burwood et al (2022). Hence, neither averaging across pixels nor technical factors can explain the apparent lack of conventional traveling waves at the apex of the guinea pig cochlea at low stimulus levels. The physiological mechanisms that operate at the apex apparently differ from other cochlear regions.

低频听力对语音和音乐感知至关重要。然而，由于技术和解剖上的限制，以前很难研究耳蜗低频部分的力学结构，但随着光学相干断层扫描振动测量技术的引入，这种情况发生了改变。有了这项技术，就可以从完全完好的耳蜗顶端测量声诱发振动。这种测量的结果引起了争议，因为豚鼠耳蜗顶端 20% 的范围内没有传统的行波，而行波的特点是靠近螺旋体的群延迟较长（Burwood 等人，《科学进展》8:eabq2773，2022 年）。这一结果的有效性受到了质疑，主要是因为群延迟是根据柯蒂器官内许多点的平均相位值计算得出的。在这里，我们证明整个 Corti 器官内的相位变化很小，不会对群体延迟产生重大影响。我们还利用光学相干断层扫描评估了相位测量的精确度。我们使用了一个反射率与柯蒂器官相似的人造目标。这些测量结果表明，常用的商用光学相干断层扫描系统会在 1-5 % 的像素中产生半周期误差，导致相位值呈双峰分布。Burwood 等人（2022 年）在计算平均值时使用了中位数，从而轻松解决了这一问题。因此，无论是跨像素平均还是技术因素，都无法解释豚鼠耳蜗顶点在低刺激水平下明显缺乏常规行波的原因。耳蜗顶端的生理机制显然不同于其他耳蜗区域。

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引用次数: 0

IF 2.5 2区医学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Hearing Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2024.109136

Nina Aldag, Waldo Nogueira

Cochlear implants can restore the ability to understand speech in patients with profound sensorineural hearing loss. At present, it is not fully understood how cochlear implant users perceive speech and how electric hearing provided by a cochlear implant differs from acoustic hearing. Phoneme-related potentials characterize neural responses to individual instances of phonemes extracted from continuous speech.

This retrospective study investigated phoneme-related potentials in cochlear implant users in a selective attention paradigm. Responses were compared between normal hearing listeners and cochlear implant users, and between attended and unattended conditions. Differences between phoneme categories were compared and a classifier was trained to predict the phoneme category from the neural representation.

The phoneme-related potentials of cochlear implant users showed similar responses to the ones obtained in normal hearing listeners for early responses (< 100 ms) but not for later responses (> 100 ms) where peaks were smaller or absent. Attention led to an enhancement of the response, whereas latency was mostly not affected by attention. The temporal morphology of the response was influenced by the phonetic features of the stimulus, allowing a classification of the phoneme category based on the phoneme-related potentials.

There is a clinical need for methods that can rapidly and objectively assess the speech understanding performance of cochlear implant users. Phoneme-related potentials may provide such a link between the acoustic and the neural representations of phonemes. They may also reveal the challenges of individual subjects and thus provide indications for patient-specific auditory training, rehabilitation programs or the fitting of cochlear implant parameters.

人工耳蜗可以恢复深度感音神经性听力损失患者理解语音的能力。目前，人们还不完全了解人工耳蜗使用者如何感知语音，以及人工耳蜗提供的电子听力与声学听力有何不同。音素相关电位描述了从连续语音中提取的单个音素实例的神经反应。这项回顾性研究在选择性注意范式中调查了人工耳蜗使用者的音素相关电位。比较了听力正常的听者和人工耳蜗植入者之间的反应，以及有注意和无注意条件下的反应。比较了不同音素类别之间的差异，并训练分类器从神经表征中预测音素类别。在早期反应（< 100 毫秒）中，人工耳蜗使用者的音素相关电位显示出与正常听力听者相似的反应，但在后期反应（> 100 毫秒）中，峰值变小或消失。注意力会增强反应，而潜伏期大多不受注意力的影响。反应的时间形态受刺激音素特征的影响，可根据音素相关电位对音素类别进行分类。临床上需要能快速、客观地评估人工耳蜗使用者言语理解能力的方法。音素相关电位可在音素的声学表征和神经表征之间提供这样一种联系。它们还能揭示个别受试者所面临的挑战，从而为针对患者的听觉训练、康复计划或人工耳蜗参数的匹配提供指示。

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引用次数: 0

Vocal control and speech production in cochlear implant listeners: A review within auditory-motor processing framework 人工耳蜗听者的发声控制和言语生成：听觉-运动处理框架下的回顾。

IF 2.5 2区医学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Hearing Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2024.109132

Samin Ashjaei , Roozbeh Behroozmand , Shaivee Fozdar , Reed Farrar , Meisam Arjmandi

A comprehensive literature review is conducted to summarize and discuss prior findings on how cochlear implants (CI) affect the users’ abilities to produce and control vocal and articulatory movements within the auditory-motor integration framework of speech. Patterns of speech production pre- versus post-implantation, post-implantation adjustments, deviations from the typical ranges of speakers with normal hearing (NH), the effects of switching the CI on and off, as well as the impact of altered auditory feedback on vocal and articulatory speech control are discussed. Overall, findings indicate that CIs enhance the vocal and articulatory control aspects of speech production at both segmental and suprasegmental levels. While many CI users achieve speech quality comparable to NH individuals, some features still deviate in a group of CI users even years post-implantation. More specifically, contracted vowel space, increased vocal jitter and shimmer, longer phoneme and utterance durations, shorter voice onset time, decreased contrast in fricative production, limited prosodic patterns, and reduced intelligibility have been reported in subgroups of CI users compared to NH individuals. Significant individual variations among CI users have been observed in both the pace of speech production adjustments and long-term speech outcomes. Few controlled studies have explored how the implantation age and the duration of CI use influence speech features, leaving substantial gaps in our understanding about the effects of spectral resolution, auditory rehabilitation, and individual auditory-motor processing abilities on vocal and articulatory speech outcomes in CI users. Future studies under the auditory-motor integration framework are warranted to determine how suboptimal CI auditory feedback impacts auditory-motor processing and precise vocal and articulatory control in CI users.

本文通过全面的文献综述，总结并讨论了以前关于人工耳蜗（CI）如何影响使用者在听觉-运动整合语音框架内产生和控制发声和发音动作能力的研究结果。本文讨论了植入前与植入后的言语生成模式、植入后的调整、与听力正常（NH）的说话者典型范围的偏差、CI 开关的影响以及听觉反馈改变对发声和发音言语控制的影响。总之，研究结果表明，人工耳蜗在分段和超分段水平上增强了语音制作的发声和发音控制方面。虽然许多 CI 用户的语音质量可与正常人媲美，但即使在植入 CI 多年后，一些 CI 用户的某些特征仍会出现偏差。更具体地说，据报道，与正常人相比，CI 使用者的子群体中存在元音空间收缩、发声抖动和颤动增加、音素和话语持续时间延长、发声时间缩短、摩擦音产生的对比度降低、前奏模式受限以及可懂度降低等问题。在语音生成调整的速度和长期语音效果方面，CI 使用者之间存在显著的个体差异。很少有对照研究探讨植入年龄和使用 CI 的持续时间如何影响言语特征，这使我们对频谱分辨率、听觉康复和个人听觉运动处理能力对 CI 使用者发声和发音言语结果的影响的理解存在很大差距。未来有必要在听觉-运动整合框架下进行研究，以确定不理想的 CI 听觉反馈如何影响 CI 用户的听觉-运动处理以及精确的发声和发音控制。

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引用次数: 0

Chronic tinnitus is associated with aging but not dementia 慢性耳鸣与衰老有关，但与痴呆症无关。

IF 2.5 2区医学 Q1 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

Hearing Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2024.109135

Lisa Reisinger , Nathan Weisz

Aim

Aging is related to deterioration of bodily and neural functions, leading to various disorders and symptoms, including the development of dementia, hearing loss, or tinnitus. Understanding how these phenomena are intertwined and how aging affects those is crucial for prevention and the future development of interventions.

Methods

We utilized the UK Biobank which includes a total of 502,382 participants between 40 and 70 years old. We used logistic regression models and cox proportional hazard models and compared hazard ratios.

Results

The odds of reporting tinnitus in the older age group (i.e., older than 58 years) were increased by 53.6 % and a one decibel increase in the speech-reception thresholds enhanced the odds for tinnitus by 13.0 %. For our second analysis regarding hearing loss, the risk of dementia increased by 14.0 % with an increase by one decibel in the speech-reception threshold score. In terms of aging, each additional year increased the risk by 17.3 %. Tinnitus alone showed a significant influence with a hazard ratio of 52.1 %, however, when adding hearing loss, age and various covariates, the effect vanished.

Conclusion

Findings confirm that tinnitus is indeed related to aging, but presumably independent of the aging processes accompanying the development of dementia. This highlights the urge to further investigate the impact of aging on neural processes that are relevant for alterations in the auditory systems (e.g., leading to the development of tinnitus or hearing loss) as well as for increased vulnerability in terms of neurodegenerative diseases.

目的：衰老与身体和神经功能退化有关，会导致各种疾病和症状，包括老年痴呆症、听力损失或耳鸣。了解这些现象是如何交织在一起的以及衰老是如何影响这些现象的，对于预防和未来制定干预措施至关重要：我们利用了英国生物数据库，其中包括 502,382 名 40 至 70 岁的参与者。我们使用了逻辑回归模型和 cox 比例危险模型，并比较了危险比：结果：老年组（即 58 岁以上）报告耳鸣的几率增加了 53.6%，语言接收阈值每增加 1 分贝，耳鸣几率增加 13.0%。在有关听力损失的第二项分析中，语言接收阈值每增加 1 分贝，痴呆症的风险就会增加 14.0%。就衰老而言，每增加一岁，风险就增加 17.3%。耳鸣本身具有显著影响，其危险比为 52.1%，但如果加上听力损失、年龄和各种协变量，影响就会消失：研究结果证实，耳鸣确实与衰老有关，但可能独立于伴随痴呆症发展的衰老过程。这凸显了进一步研究衰老对神经过程的影响的迫切性，这些神经过程与听觉系统的改变（如导致耳鸣或听力损失的发生）以及神经退行性疾病脆弱性的增加有关。

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引用次数: 0