Pub Date : 2024-01-04DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10010051
Zhuang Yuan, Xiaoya Wang, Xin Gong, Jianping Bao
Persistent calyx affects the fruit quality of the Korla fragrant pear including increasing fruit hardness. In order to reduce fruit hardness and improve fruit quality, in this study, we used the Korla fragrant pear which has persistent calyx. Korla fragrant pear fruit at different development stages were treated with foliar fertilizers of 101 and calcium–magnesium (Ca–Mg) solutions, and the hardness and pectase, cellulose, lipoxygenase, and amylase activities of persistent calyx fruit were determined and analyzed. We found that the fruit hardness of two foliar fertilizers increased compared with the control after treatment. The fruit hardness of calcium–magnesium foliar fertilizer and 101 foliar fertilizer treatments were increased by 11.7% and 6.8% compared with the control, respectively. Furthermore, the activities of cellulase, pectinase, and lipoxygenase were increased by 30%, 12.7%, and 42% after treatment with calcium–magnesium foliar fertilizer, respectively. The 101 foliar fertilizer inhibited the contents of cellulose and starch. In summary, the internal quality of Korla fragrant pear fruit treated with calcium–magnesium foliar fertilizer was better than 101 foliar fertilizer. It was confirmed that calcium and magnesium foliar fertilizer had a good control effect on the hardness of Korla fragrant pear persistent calyx fruit, and its fruit quality was also improved. This study has great application value in production practice.
{"title":"Effects of Different Foliar Fertilizer Treatments on Fruit Quality of the Korla Fragrant Pear","authors":"Zhuang Yuan, Xiaoya Wang, Xin Gong, Jianping Bao","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10010051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010051","url":null,"abstract":"Persistent calyx affects the fruit quality of the Korla fragrant pear including increasing fruit hardness. In order to reduce fruit hardness and improve fruit quality, in this study, we used the Korla fragrant pear which has persistent calyx. Korla fragrant pear fruit at different development stages were treated with foliar fertilizers of 101 and calcium–magnesium (Ca–Mg) solutions, and the hardness and pectase, cellulose, lipoxygenase, and amylase activities of persistent calyx fruit were determined and analyzed. We found that the fruit hardness of two foliar fertilizers increased compared with the control after treatment. The fruit hardness of calcium–magnesium foliar fertilizer and 101 foliar fertilizer treatments were increased by 11.7% and 6.8% compared with the control, respectively. Furthermore, the activities of cellulase, pectinase, and lipoxygenase were increased by 30%, 12.7%, and 42% after treatment with calcium–magnesium foliar fertilizer, respectively. The 101 foliar fertilizer inhibited the contents of cellulose and starch. In summary, the internal quality of Korla fragrant pear fruit treated with calcium–magnesium foliar fertilizer was better than 101 foliar fertilizer. It was confirmed that calcium and magnesium foliar fertilizer had a good control effect on the hardness of Korla fragrant pear persistent calyx fruit, and its fruit quality was also improved. This study has great application value in production practice.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"84 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139387297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-04DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10010052
Ö. Şimşek, Akife Dalda Şekerci, Musab A. Isak, Fatma Bulut, Tolga İzgü, Mehmet Tütüncü, D. Dönmez
This study comprehensively explored the micropropagation and rooting capabilities of four distinct lavender genotypes, utilizing culture media with and without 2 g/L of activated charcoal. A systematic examination of varying concentrations of BAP for micropropagation and IBA for rooting identified an optimal concentration of 1 mg/L for both BAP and IBA, resulting in excellent outcomes. Following robust root development, the acclimatization of plants to external conditions achieved a 100% survival rate across all genotypes. In addition to the conventional techniques employed, integrating machine learning (ML) methodologies holds promise for further enhancing the efficiency of lavender propagation protocols. Using cutting-edge computational tools, including MLP, RBF, XGBoost, and GP algorithms, our findings were rigorously examined and forecast using three performance measures (RMSE, R2, and MAE). Notably, the comparative evaluation of different machine learning models revealed distinct R2 rates for plant characteristics, with MLP, RBF, XGBoost, and GP demonstrating varying degrees of effectiveness. Future studies may leverage ML models, such as XGBoost, MLP, RBF, and GP, to fine-tune specific variables, including culture media composition and growth regulator treatments. The adaptability and ability of ML techniques to analyze complex biological processes can provide valuable insights into optimizing lavender micropropagation on a broader scale. This collaborative approach, combining traditional in vitro techniques with machine learning, validates the success of current micropropagation and rooting protocols and paves the way for continuous improvement. By embracing ML in lavender propagation studies, researchers can contribute to advancing sustainable and efficient plant propagation techniques, thereby fostering the preservation and exploitation of genetic resources for conservation and agriculture.
本研究利用含有或不含 2 克/升活性炭的培养基，全面探讨了四种不同薰衣草基因型的微繁殖和生根能力。通过对用于微繁殖的不同浓度的 BAP 和用于生根的 IBA 进行系统检查，确定 BAP 和 IBA 的最佳浓度均为 1 毫克/升，从而取得了极佳的效果。在根系生长发育旺盛之后，所有基因型的植株在外部条件下的适应成活率都达到了 100%。除了采用传统技术外，整合机器学习（ML）方法有望进一步提高薰衣草繁殖规程的效率。我们利用最先进的计算工具，包括 MLP、RBF、XGBoost 和 GP 算法，通过三种性能指标（RMSE、R2 和 MAE）对研究结果进行了严格的检验和预测。值得注意的是，对不同机器学习模型的比较评估显示，MLP、RBF、XGBoost 和 GP 在植物特征方面的 R2 率各不相同，显示出不同程度的有效性。未来的研究可能会利用 ML 模型（如 XGBoost、MLP、RBF 和 GP）来微调特定变量，包括培养基成分和生长调节剂处理。ML 技术分析复杂生物过程的适应性和能力可为在更大范围内优化薰衣草微繁殖提供宝贵的见解。这种将传统体外技术与机器学习相结合的合作方法验证了当前微繁殖和生根方案的成功，并为持续改进铺平了道路。通过在薰衣草繁殖研究中采用机器学习技术，研究人员可以为推进可持续和高效的植物繁殖技术做出贡献，从而促进遗传资源的保护和开发，为保护和农业做出贡献。
{"title":"Optimizing Micropropagation and Rooting Protocols for Diverse Lavender Genotypes: A Synergistic Approach Integrating Machine Learning Techniques","authors":"Ö. Şimşek, Akife Dalda Şekerci, Musab A. Isak, Fatma Bulut, Tolga İzgü, Mehmet Tütüncü, D. Dönmez","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10010052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010052","url":null,"abstract":"This study comprehensively explored the micropropagation and rooting capabilities of four distinct lavender genotypes, utilizing culture media with and without 2 g/L of activated charcoal. A systematic examination of varying concentrations of BAP for micropropagation and IBA for rooting identified an optimal concentration of 1 mg/L for both BAP and IBA, resulting in excellent outcomes. Following robust root development, the acclimatization of plants to external conditions achieved a 100% survival rate across all genotypes. In addition to the conventional techniques employed, integrating machine learning (ML) methodologies holds promise for further enhancing the efficiency of lavender propagation protocols. Using cutting-edge computational tools, including MLP, RBF, XGBoost, and GP algorithms, our findings were rigorously examined and forecast using three performance measures (RMSE, R2, and MAE). Notably, the comparative evaluation of different machine learning models revealed distinct R2 rates for plant characteristics, with MLP, RBF, XGBoost, and GP demonstrating varying degrees of effectiveness. Future studies may leverage ML models, such as XGBoost, MLP, RBF, and GP, to fine-tune specific variables, including culture media composition and growth regulator treatments. The adaptability and ability of ML techniques to analyze complex biological processes can provide valuable insights into optimizing lavender micropropagation on a broader scale. This collaborative approach, combining traditional in vitro techniques with machine learning, validates the success of current micropropagation and rooting protocols and paves the way for continuous improvement. By embracing ML in lavender propagation studies, researchers can contribute to advancing sustainable and efficient plant propagation techniques, thereby fostering the preservation and exploitation of genetic resources for conservation and agriculture.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"51 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139386798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10010048
Li-Rong Zhou, Hai-Jun Hu, Jie Wang, Yong-Xing Zhu, Xue-Dong Zhu, Jia-Wei Ma, Yi-Qing Liu
To counter the harmful impacts of agricultural chemicals on the environment and human health, there is an increasing demand for safe, eco-friendly, and potent plant-based biopesticides. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of ginger essential oil and selected volatile compounds (linalool, eugenol, citral, and cinnamaldehyde [CA]) against Fusarium oxysporum FOX-1. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using the mycelium growth inhibition method. The compound CA exhibited the most potent antifungal effect against F. oxysporum FOX-1 and was selected for further investigation. After treatment with CA at 1/2 MIC or MIC, the spore germination of F. oxysporum FOX-1 was significantly inhibited at 12 h. Furthermore, microscopic observation revealed that CA treatment resulted in the morphological degradation of F. oxysporum FOX-1. CA destroyed the cell membrane integrity of F. oxysporum FOX-1, increasing the relative conductivity and the leakage of intracellular protein, nucleic acids, and malondialdehyde, affecting the integrity and metabolism of the cell membrane. The effects were positively related to CA concentration. Additionally, in vivo experiments with rhizome sections showed that CA significantly reduced the pathogenicity of F. oxysporum FOX-1. Overall, these findings provide evidence for the potential of using ginger essential oil components as fungicides, offering a basis for future research to develop robust and eco-friendly plant-derived fungicides that serve as a sustainable means to reduce fungus-driven agricultural losses.
为了应对农用化学品对环境和人类健康的有害影响，人们对安全、环保、高效的植物性生物农药的需求与日俱增。在这项研究中，我们旨在调查生姜精油和选定挥发性化合物（芳樟醇、丁香酚、柠檬醛和肉桂醛 [CA]）对 Fusarium oxysporum FOX-1 的抗菌效果。采用菌丝生长抑制法测定了最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。化合物 CA 对 F. oxysporum FOX-1 的抗真菌效果最强，因此被选为进一步研究的对象。用浓度为 1/2 MIC 或 MIC 的 CA 处理 F. oxysporum FOX-1 后，12 h 后其孢子萌发明显受到抑制。CA 破坏了 F. oxysporum FOX-1 细胞膜的完整性，增加了相对电导率和细胞内蛋白质、核酸及丙二醛的渗漏，影响了细胞膜的完整性和新陈代谢。这些影响与 CA 浓度呈正相关。此外，根茎切片的体内实验表明，CA 能显著降低 F. oxysporum FOX-1 的致病性。总之，这些发现为利用生姜精油成分作为杀菌剂的潜力提供了证据，为未来研究开发稳健、生态友好的植物源杀菌剂提供了基础，可作为减少真菌导致的农业损失的可持续手段。
{"title":"Cinnamaldehyde Acts as a Fungistat by Disrupting the Integrity of Fusarium oxysporum Fox-1 Cell Membranes","authors":"Li-Rong Zhou, Hai-Jun Hu, Jie Wang, Yong-Xing Zhu, Xue-Dong Zhu, Jia-Wei Ma, Yi-Qing Liu","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10010048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010048","url":null,"abstract":"To counter the harmful impacts of agricultural chemicals on the environment and human health, there is an increasing demand for safe, eco-friendly, and potent plant-based biopesticides. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of ginger essential oil and selected volatile compounds (linalool, eugenol, citral, and cinnamaldehyde [CA]) against Fusarium oxysporum FOX-1. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using the mycelium growth inhibition method. The compound CA exhibited the most potent antifungal effect against F. oxysporum FOX-1 and was selected for further investigation. After treatment with CA at 1/2 MIC or MIC, the spore germination of F. oxysporum FOX-1 was significantly inhibited at 12 h. Furthermore, microscopic observation revealed that CA treatment resulted in the morphological degradation of F. oxysporum FOX-1. CA destroyed the cell membrane integrity of F. oxysporum FOX-1, increasing the relative conductivity and the leakage of intracellular protein, nucleic acids, and malondialdehyde, affecting the integrity and metabolism of the cell membrane. The effects were positively related to CA concentration. Additionally, in vivo experiments with rhizome sections showed that CA significantly reduced the pathogenicity of F. oxysporum FOX-1. Overall, these findings provide evidence for the potential of using ginger essential oil components as fungicides, offering a basis for future research to develop robust and eco-friendly plant-derived fungicides that serve as a sustainable means to reduce fungus-driven agricultural losses.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139388941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-02DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10010047
Ninghao Xie, Yi Zhao, Min Huang, Caixia Chen, Chuanqu Cao, Jisheng Wang, Zhihua Shi, Junshan Gao
Begonia × benariensis series varieties have high ornamental and economic value and are excellent varieties for large-area group planting in gardens and green areas. At present, the B. × benariensis series varieties grown in China rely on foreign imports, and the price of imported germplasm resources is expensive, which greatly increases the cost of flower enterprises. In view of this, B. × benariensis (2n = 2x = 34) was used as the material, the callus was treated with colchicine to induce polyploid plants, and the polyploid plants were subjected to morphology, DNA content identification, and stomatal identification, as well as comparisons of the morphophysiological indexes of the plants. The results showed that the polyploid was better induced with the treatment of 0.05% colchicine for 4 h, and the induction rate was 46.67%. Among the mutagenized plants, there were 42 triploids (2n = 3x = 51) and 98 tetraploids (2n = 4x = 68). The stomatal density of diploid leaves was about 1.09 times that of the triploid and 1.67 times that of the tetraploid, the defense cells of the leaves increased gradually, and the stomatal density decreased; with the increase in ploidy, the height of the plants increased, while the crown width decreased; the maximum length and width of the leaves decreased, the color of the leaves became darker, and the chlorophyll content increased. This study provides abundant variation materials and technical support for the selection and breeding of new varieties of B. × benariensis in the future.
{"title":"Polyploid Induction and Identification of Begonia × benariensis","authors":"Ninghao Xie, Yi Zhao, Min Huang, Caixia Chen, Chuanqu Cao, Jisheng Wang, Zhihua Shi, Junshan Gao","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10010047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010047","url":null,"abstract":"Begonia × benariensis series varieties have high ornamental and economic value and are excellent varieties for large-area group planting in gardens and green areas. At present, the B. × benariensis series varieties grown in China rely on foreign imports, and the price of imported germplasm resources is expensive, which greatly increases the cost of flower enterprises. In view of this, B. × benariensis (2n = 2x = 34) was used as the material, the callus was treated with colchicine to induce polyploid plants, and the polyploid plants were subjected to morphology, DNA content identification, and stomatal identification, as well as comparisons of the morphophysiological indexes of the plants. The results showed that the polyploid was better induced with the treatment of 0.05% colchicine for 4 h, and the induction rate was 46.67%. Among the mutagenized plants, there were 42 triploids (2n = 3x = 51) and 98 tetraploids (2n = 4x = 68). The stomatal density of diploid leaves was about 1.09 times that of the triploid and 1.67 times that of the tetraploid, the defense cells of the leaves increased gradually, and the stomatal density decreased; with the increase in ploidy, the height of the plants increased, while the crown width decreased; the maximum length and width of the leaves decreased, the color of the leaves became darker, and the chlorophyll content increased. This study provides abundant variation materials and technical support for the selection and breeding of new varieties of B. × benariensis in the future.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"121 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139390677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-02DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10010045
J. C. Bettoni, Min‐Rui Wang, Qiao-Chun Wang
In vitro tissue culture technologies provide novel tools for improving plant production [...]
体外组织培养技术为提高植物产量提供了新工具 [...]
{"title":"In Vitro Regeneration, Micropropagation and Germplasm Conservation of Horticultural Plants","authors":"J. C. Bettoni, Min‐Rui Wang, Qiao-Chun Wang","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10010045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010045","url":null,"abstract":"In vitro tissue culture technologies provide novel tools for improving plant production [...]","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"136 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139452916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-02DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10010046
Wenduo Zhan, Yan Wang, Wenyi Duan, Ang Li, Yule Miao, Hongmei Wang, Junren Meng, Hui Liu, Liang Niu, Lei Pan, Shihang Sun, Guochao Cui, Zhiqiang Wang, Wenfang Zeng
The storage of peach fruits at 4–5 °C can easily lead to chilling injury and greatly reduce the quality and commercial value of peach fruits. In this study, two kinds of peach fruits (CX and CM) were selected to analyze the mechanisms of chilling injury in fruits with different chilling sensitivity by means of their lipidomic, transcriptome, and dynamic changes in plant hormones. We found that the ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), and lipid contents changed differently between CX and CM. The ABA and dilactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG) contents significantly increased after refrigeration in CM fruit, leading to strong cold resistance. However, low temperatures induced a greater accumulation of ethylene, phospholipids, and ABA-GE in CX fruit than in CM fruit, eventually leading to more severe CI symptoms in CX fruit. Additionally, a transcriptional regulatory network for CM and CX fruits during cold storage was constructed, providing a new theoretical reference for the cultivation of cold-resistant peach cultivars and the development of postharvest preservation technology.
桃果在 4-5 ℃条件下贮藏容易导致冷害，大大降低桃果的品质和商业价值。本研究选取了两种桃果（CX和CM），通过其脂质组学、转录组学和植物激素的动态变化，分析不同冷害敏感性果实的冷害机理。我们发现，CX 和 CM 的乙烯、脱落酸（ABA）和脂质含量发生了不同的变化。CM果实在冷藏后，ABA和二乳糖基二酰甘油（DGDG）含量显著增加，具有很强的抗寒性。然而，与 CM 果实相比，低温诱导 CX 果实中乙烯、磷脂和 ABA-GE 的积累更多，最终导致 CX 果实出现更严重的 CI 症状。此外，还构建了冷藏期间 CM 和 CX 果实的转录调控网络，为抗寒桃品种的培育和采后保鲜技术的发展提供了新的理论参考。
{"title":"Preliminary Analysis, Combined with Omics of Chilling Injury Mechanism of Peach Fruits with Different Cold Sensitivities during Postharvest Cold Storage","authors":"Wenduo Zhan, Yan Wang, Wenyi Duan, Ang Li, Yule Miao, Hongmei Wang, Junren Meng, Hui Liu, Liang Niu, Lei Pan, Shihang Sun, Guochao Cui, Zhiqiang Wang, Wenfang Zeng","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10010046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010046","url":null,"abstract":"The storage of peach fruits at 4–5 °C can easily lead to chilling injury and greatly reduce the quality and commercial value of peach fruits. In this study, two kinds of peach fruits (CX and CM) were selected to analyze the mechanisms of chilling injury in fruits with different chilling sensitivity by means of their lipidomic, transcriptome, and dynamic changes in plant hormones. We found that the ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), and lipid contents changed differently between CX and CM. The ABA and dilactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG) contents significantly increased after refrigeration in CM fruit, leading to strong cold resistance. However, low temperatures induced a greater accumulation of ethylene, phospholipids, and ABA-GE in CX fruit than in CM fruit, eventually leading to more severe CI symptoms in CX fruit. Additionally, a transcriptional regulatory network for CM and CX fruits during cold storage was constructed, providing a new theoretical reference for the cultivation of cold-resistant peach cultivars and the development of postharvest preservation technology.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"139 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139453007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To explore the effects of various potassium fertilizer dosages on sweet potatoes, field experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 using a randomized block design. In the experiment, the control (completely blank, no fertilizer), KS0 (potassium blank, no potassium fertilizer), KS100 (100 kg K2O ha−1), KS200 (200 K2O ha−1), and KS300 (300 K2O ha−1) treatments were set up. The application of potassium fertilizer increased the potassium content of sweet potato plants, thereby increasing the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, and the fluorescence chlorophyll parameters. It also increased the amylose content in tuber roots to increase the total starch content and yield of sweet potatoes. Specifically, the KS200 treatment significantly improved the soil potassium content, potassium absorption, potassium agronomic efficiency, and potassium recovery efficiency. Compared with the other treatments, the yield and net profit of the KS200 treatment increased by 0.89–27.05% and 2.34–30%, respectively, on average, over two years. Based on factors such as sweet potato yield and starch content, the recommended amount of potassium fertilizer was 200 kg ha−1, which has significant economic benefits and theoretical value.
为探索不同钾肥用量对甘薯的影响，2018 年和 2019 年采用随机区组设计进行了田间试验。试验中设置了对照（完全空白，不施肥）、KS0（钾空白，不施钾肥）、KS100（100 kg K2O ha-1）、KS200（200 K2O ha-1）和KS300（300 K2O ha-1）处理。施用钾肥增加了甘薯植株的钾含量，从而提高了叶绿素含量、净光合速率和荧光叶绿素参数。钾肥还能增加块根中的直链淀粉含量，从而提高甘薯的总淀粉含量和产量。具体而言，KS200 处理显著提高了土壤钾含量、钾吸收率、钾农艺效率和钾回收效率。与其他处理相比，KS200 处理两年的平均产量和净利润分别增加了 0.89%-27.05%和 2.34%-30%。根据甘薯产量和淀粉含量等因素，推荐钾肥用量为 200 kg ha-1，具有显著的经济效益和理论价值。
{"title":"Effects of Various Potassium Fertilizer Dosages on Agronomic and Economic Assessment of Sweet Potato Fields","authors":"Jibiao Geng, Qichao Zhao, Zeli Li, Xiuyi Yang, Shutong Lei, Qingping Zhang, Hui Li, Ying Lang, Xianqi Huo, Qianjin Liu","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10010044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010044","url":null,"abstract":"To explore the effects of various potassium fertilizer dosages on sweet potatoes, field experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 using a randomized block design. In the experiment, the control (completely blank, no fertilizer), KS0 (potassium blank, no potassium fertilizer), KS100 (100 kg K2O ha−1), KS200 (200 K2O ha−1), and KS300 (300 K2O ha−1) treatments were set up. The application of potassium fertilizer increased the potassium content of sweet potato plants, thereby increasing the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, and the fluorescence chlorophyll parameters. It also increased the amylose content in tuber roots to increase the total starch content and yield of sweet potatoes. Specifically, the KS200 treatment significantly improved the soil potassium content, potassium absorption, potassium agronomic efficiency, and potassium recovery efficiency. Compared with the other treatments, the yield and net profit of the KS200 treatment increased by 0.89–27.05% and 2.34–30%, respectively, on average, over two years. Based on factors such as sweet potato yield and starch content, the recommended amount of potassium fertilizer was 200 kg ha−1, which has significant economic benefits and theoretical value.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"2 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139127772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10010043
Ali Mousavi, Raziyeh Pourdarbani, S. Sabzi, Dorrin Sotoudeh, Mehrab Moradzadeh, G. García-Mateos, Shohreh Kasaei, M. Rohban
Pomegranate is a temperature-sensitive fruit during postharvest storage. If exposed to cold temperatures above its freezing point for a long time, it will suffer from cold stress. Failure to pay attention to the symptoms that may occur during storage will result in significant damage. Identifying pomegranates susceptible to cold damage in a timely manner requires considerable skill, time and cost. Therefore, non-destructive and real-time methods offer great benefits for commercial producers. To this end, the purpose of this study is the non-destructive identification of healthy frozen pomegranates. First, healthy pomegranates were collected, and hyperspectral images were acquired using a hyperspectral camera. Then, to ensure that enough frozen pomegranates were collected for model training, all samples were kept in cold storage at 0 °C for two months. They were then transferred to the laboratory and hyperspectral images were taken from all of them again. The dataset consisted of frozen and healthy images of pomegranates in a ratio of 4:6. The data was divided into three categories, training, validation and test, each containing 1/3 of the data. Since there is a class imbalance in the training data, it was necessary to increase the data of the frozen class by the amount of its difference with the healthy class. Deep learning networks with ResNeXt, RegNetX, RegNetY, EfficientNetV2, VisionTransformer and SwinTransformer architectures were used for data analysis. The results showed that the accuracies of all models were above 99%. In addition, the accuracy values of RegNetX and EfficientNetV2 models are close to one, which means that the number of false positives is very small. In general, due to the higher accuracy of EfficientNetV2 model, as well as its relatively high precision and recall compared to other models, the F1 score of this model is also higher than the others with a value of 0.9995.
{"title":"Classification of Healthy and Frozen Pomegranates Using Hyperspectral Imaging and Deep Learning","authors":"Ali Mousavi, Raziyeh Pourdarbani, S. Sabzi, Dorrin Sotoudeh, Mehrab Moradzadeh, G. García-Mateos, Shohreh Kasaei, M. Rohban","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10010043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010043","url":null,"abstract":"Pomegranate is a temperature-sensitive fruit during postharvest storage. If exposed to cold temperatures above its freezing point for a long time, it will suffer from cold stress. Failure to pay attention to the symptoms that may occur during storage will result in significant damage. Identifying pomegranates susceptible to cold damage in a timely manner requires considerable skill, time and cost. Therefore, non-destructive and real-time methods offer great benefits for commercial producers. To this end, the purpose of this study is the non-destructive identification of healthy frozen pomegranates. First, healthy pomegranates were collected, and hyperspectral images were acquired using a hyperspectral camera. Then, to ensure that enough frozen pomegranates were collected for model training, all samples were kept in cold storage at 0 °C for two months. They were then transferred to the laboratory and hyperspectral images were taken from all of them again. The dataset consisted of frozen and healthy images of pomegranates in a ratio of 4:6. The data was divided into three categories, training, validation and test, each containing 1/3 of the data. Since there is a class imbalance in the training data, it was necessary to increase the data of the frozen class by the amount of its difference with the healthy class. Deep learning networks with ResNeXt, RegNetX, RegNetY, EfficientNetV2, VisionTransformer and SwinTransformer architectures were used for data analysis. The results showed that the accuracies of all models were above 99%. In addition, the accuracy values of RegNetX and EfficientNetV2 models are close to one, which means that the number of false positives is very small. In general, due to the higher accuracy of EfficientNetV2 model, as well as its relatively high precision and recall compared to other models, the F1 score of this model is also higher than the others with a value of 0.9995.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"26 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139127699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10010042
Irene Ollio, V. Santás-Miguel, Diego Soto Gómez, Eva Lloret, Virginia Sánchez-Navarro, S. Martínez-Martínez, C. Egea-Gilabert, Juan A. Fernández, David Fernández Calviño, Raúl Zornoza
High rates of fertilizer applications potentially have significant environmental consequences, such as soil and water contamination and biodiversity loss. This study aimed to compare the use of biofertilizers and inorganic fertilizers in a broccoli crop to determine their impact on soil microorganism abundance, microbial community structure, functional gene diversity, yield, and greenhouse gas emissions. Four different fertilization treatments were designed: (i) inorganic fertilizers applied at a rate to cover the nutritional demands of the crop (F100); (ii) 50% of the rate of inorganic fertilizers added in F100 (F50); (iii) F50 + the application of a formulation of various bacteria (BA); and (iv) F50 + the application of a formulation of bacteria and non-mycorrhizal fungi (BA + FU). The results showed that reduced fertilization and the addition of both biofertilizer products had no significant effect on soil nutrients, microbial population, microbial activity, or yield when compared to conventional inorganic fertilization. Thus, microbial inoculants were ineffective in enhancing soil microbial abundance and activity, and there were no changes in GHG emissions or crop yields. Nonetheless, crop yield was positively related to total soil N, microbial activity, and CO2 emissions, confirming the positive effect of soil biodiversity on production. The application of biofertilizers can help reduce mineral fertilization in a broccoli crop with no negative effect on yield.
{"title":"Effect of Biofertilizers on Broccoli Yield and Soil Quality Indicators","authors":"Irene Ollio, V. Santás-Miguel, Diego Soto Gómez, Eva Lloret, Virginia Sánchez-Navarro, S. Martínez-Martínez, C. Egea-Gilabert, Juan A. Fernández, David Fernández Calviño, Raúl Zornoza","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10010042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010042","url":null,"abstract":"High rates of fertilizer applications potentially have significant environmental consequences, such as soil and water contamination and biodiversity loss. This study aimed to compare the use of biofertilizers and inorganic fertilizers in a broccoli crop to determine their impact on soil microorganism abundance, microbial community structure, functional gene diversity, yield, and greenhouse gas emissions. Four different fertilization treatments were designed: (i) inorganic fertilizers applied at a rate to cover the nutritional demands of the crop (F100); (ii) 50% of the rate of inorganic fertilizers added in F100 (F50); (iii) F50 + the application of a formulation of various bacteria (BA); and (iv) F50 + the application of a formulation of bacteria and non-mycorrhizal fungi (BA + FU). The results showed that reduced fertilization and the addition of both biofertilizer products had no significant effect on soil nutrients, microbial population, microbial activity, or yield when compared to conventional inorganic fertilization. Thus, microbial inoculants were ineffective in enhancing soil microbial abundance and activity, and there were no changes in GHG emissions or crop yields. Nonetheless, crop yield was positively related to total soil N, microbial activity, and CO2 emissions, confirming the positive effect of soil biodiversity on production. The application of biofertilizers can help reduce mineral fertilization in a broccoli crop with no negative effect on yield.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":" 809","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139136726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-31DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10010041
Lamiaa A. S. El-Khayat, M. Elbagory, M. Elsadek, Nevin Ahmed, Ibrahim Mohamed, A. Omara, Nesrein S. Salim
Bitter gourd has picked up noteworthy consideration for its pharmacological benefits. However, the impact of amino acids (AAs) dosage on growth, yield, and antioxidants is uncertain. In this study, we investigated the effects of foliar spraying bitter gourd with 100, 200, and 300 mg/L dosages of tryptophan (Trp), glutamine (Gln), and phenylalanine (Phe). The results revealed that Trp, at a dosage of 300 mg/L, produced the most substantial increase in plant length, followed by 300 mg/L Phe. Additionally, the highest values of the fresh dry weight of the plants, fresh weight of the first fruit, fruit number per plant, fresh weight of the fruits per plant, and total fruit output per hectare were seen at 300 mg/L of Trp, followed by 300 mg/L of Gln. Phe at 300 mg/L yielded the highest levels of total phenolics and total flavonoids, coupled with strong scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. These outcomes show the potential of Trp and Gln foliar sprays to enhance bitter gourd growth, yield, and certain antioxidant compounds. These findings carry substantial implications for the enhancement of bitter gourd cultivation and quality. By revealing AA’s potential for improving bitter gourd, our research contributes to bolstering the agricultural sustainability of this remarkable crop.
{"title":"Enhancing Growth, Yield, and Antioxidant Activity of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) through Amino Acid Foliar Spray Application","authors":"Lamiaa A. S. El-Khayat, M. Elbagory, M. Elsadek, Nevin Ahmed, Ibrahim Mohamed, A. Omara, Nesrein S. Salim","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10010041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010041","url":null,"abstract":"Bitter gourd has picked up noteworthy consideration for its pharmacological benefits. However, the impact of amino acids (AAs) dosage on growth, yield, and antioxidants is uncertain. In this study, we investigated the effects of foliar spraying bitter gourd with 100, 200, and 300 mg/L dosages of tryptophan (Trp), glutamine (Gln), and phenylalanine (Phe). The results revealed that Trp, at a dosage of 300 mg/L, produced the most substantial increase in plant length, followed by 300 mg/L Phe. Additionally, the highest values of the fresh dry weight of the plants, fresh weight of the first fruit, fruit number per plant, fresh weight of the fruits per plant, and total fruit output per hectare were seen at 300 mg/L of Trp, followed by 300 mg/L of Gln. Phe at 300 mg/L yielded the highest levels of total phenolics and total flavonoids, coupled with strong scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. These outcomes show the potential of Trp and Gln foliar sprays to enhance bitter gourd growth, yield, and certain antioxidant compounds. These findings carry substantial implications for the enhancement of bitter gourd cultivation and quality. By revealing AA’s potential for improving bitter gourd, our research contributes to bolstering the agricultural sustainability of this remarkable crop.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"70 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139130546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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