Salt stress is one of the major environmental problems in agricultural production, severely limiting crops’ germination, growth and yield. Silicon (Si) is a widely recognized beneficial element in plants, which can promote plant growth especially under stressful conditions. With the emergence of nanotechnology in agriculture, silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) have been shown to be a promising tool in nano-enabled agricultural production. However, the comparative effects of Si and SiNPs in alleviating salt stress in plants remain unclear, which would limit the application of SiNPs in agricultural practice. In this study, the effects of SiNPs and conventional Si (silicate) on tomato (a typical low-Si accumulator) seed germination, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and the expression of genes related to hormone metabolism were investigated. The results showed that SiNPs more effectively promoted seed germination percentage, fresh weight, and Si content than conventional Si. Simultaneously, SiNPs more significantly modulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes and alleviated salt stress-induced oxidative damage in tomato seeds. Moreover, exogenous SiNPs addition promoted the expression of genes responsible for gibberellin (GA) synthesis and abscisic acid (ABA) catabolism, while downregulating the expression of genes related to GA deactivation and ABA synthesis in tomato seeds under salt stress. Overall, our results indicate that SiNPs are more effective than conventional Si in promoting tomato seed germination under salt stress via modulating antioxidant enzyme activity and key endogenous hormone metabolism, which could be based on the higher accumulation of SiNPs in tomato seeds than conventional Si.
盐胁迫是农业生产中的主要环境问题之一，严重限制了作物的发芽、生长和产量。硅（Si）是一种公认的对植物有益的元素，它能促进植物生长，尤其是在胁迫条件下。随着纳米技术在农业中的应用，硅纳米粒子（SiNPs）已被证明是一种很有前景的纳米农业生产工具。然而，硅和 SiNPs 在缓解植物盐胁迫方面的效果比较仍不明确，这将限制 SiNPs 在农业实践中的应用。本研究调查了 SiNPs 和传统硅（硅酸盐）对番茄（典型的低硅积累植物）种子萌发、活性氧（ROS）含量、抗氧化酶活性以及激素代谢相关基因表达的影响。结果表明，与传统 Si 相比，SiNPs 能更有效地提高种子萌发率、鲜重和 Si 含量。同时，SiNPs 能更显著地调节抗氧化酶的活性，减轻盐胁迫引起的番茄种子氧化损伤。此外，添加外源 SiNPs 促进了盐胁迫下番茄种子赤霉素（GA）合成和脱落酸（ABA）分解基因的表达，同时下调了 GA 失活和 ABA 合成相关基因的表达。总之，我们的研究结果表明，在盐胁迫条件下，SiNPs 通过调节抗氧化酶活性和关键内源激素代谢，比传统 Si 更有效地促进番茄种子的萌发，这可能是由于 SiNPs 在番茄种子中的积累比传统 Si 高。
{"title":"Silicon Nanoparticles Improve Tomato Seed Germination More Effectively than Conventional Silicon under Salt Stress via Regulating Antioxidant System and Hormone Metabolism","authors":"Taojie Wang, Hao Long, Shengming Mao, Zeyu Jiang, Yuanyuan Liu, Yong He, Zhujun Zhu, Guochao Yan","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10080785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10080785","url":null,"abstract":"Salt stress is one of the major environmental problems in agricultural production, severely limiting crops’ germination, growth and yield. Silicon (Si) is a widely recognized beneficial element in plants, which can promote plant growth especially under stressful conditions. With the emergence of nanotechnology in agriculture, silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) have been shown to be a promising tool in nano-enabled agricultural production. However, the comparative effects of Si and SiNPs in alleviating salt stress in plants remain unclear, which would limit the application of SiNPs in agricultural practice. In this study, the effects of SiNPs and conventional Si (silicate) on tomato (a typical low-Si accumulator) seed germination, reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and the expression of genes related to hormone metabolism were investigated. The results showed that SiNPs more effectively promoted seed germination percentage, fresh weight, and Si content than conventional Si. Simultaneously, SiNPs more significantly modulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes and alleviated salt stress-induced oxidative damage in tomato seeds. Moreover, exogenous SiNPs addition promoted the expression of genes responsible for gibberellin (GA) synthesis and abscisic acid (ABA) catabolism, while downregulating the expression of genes related to GA deactivation and ABA synthesis in tomato seeds under salt stress. Overall, our results indicate that SiNPs are more effective than conventional Si in promoting tomato seed germination under salt stress via modulating antioxidant enzyme activity and key endogenous hormone metabolism, which could be based on the higher accumulation of SiNPs in tomato seeds than conventional Si.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10080786
J. Rehal, Poonam Aggarwal, Inderpreet Dhaliwal, Meenakshi Sharma, Prashant Kaushik
The Horticulturae Editorial Office wishes to make the following changes to the author’s paper [...]
园艺》编辑部希望对作者的论文作如下修改[......]
{"title":"Correction: Rehal et al. A Tomato Pomace Enriched Gluten-Free Ready-to-Cook Snack’s Nutritional Profile, Quality, and Shelf Life Evaluation. Horticulturae 2022, 8, 403","authors":"J. Rehal, Poonam Aggarwal, Inderpreet Dhaliwal, Meenakshi Sharma, Prashant Kaushik","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10080786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10080786","url":null,"abstract":"The Horticulturae Editorial Office wishes to make the following changes to the author’s paper [...]","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141804956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10080783
John Peter Aguirre-Landa, Henrry Wilfredo Agreda-Cerna, David Quispe-Choque, Alfredo Prado-Canchari, Liliana Rodriguez Cardenas
This study aimed to formulate a commercial quality index (CQI) for avocados (Persea americana Mill) produced in an inter-Andean valley in southern Peru. Thirty-eight commercial quality parameters of Hass and Fuerte avocados were evaluated under the marketing and export protocols approved in the Codex Alimentarius CXS 197-1995 issued by FAO and the Peruvian technical standard NTP 011.018. The index was formulated using information gathered from 44 experts in the Apurimac region. To weight the commercial quality parameters, the Delphi method was used, with the cooperation of expert producers and marketers, from which a weighted equation was formulated for the commercial quality index of Hass (CQIh) and Fuerte (CQIf) avocados. Fifteen parameters of interest were found for the formulation of the quality indexes for both varieties, which reported more than 50% coincidence among experts, based on physical and sensory evaluation. The CQI proposal would be a tool to help improve the quality attributes of avocado growers.
{"title":"Formulation of a Commercial Quality Index for Avocado Produced in an Inter-Andean Valley","authors":"John Peter Aguirre-Landa, Henrry Wilfredo Agreda-Cerna, David Quispe-Choque, Alfredo Prado-Canchari, Liliana Rodriguez Cardenas","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10080783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10080783","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to formulate a commercial quality index (CQI) for avocados (Persea americana Mill) produced in an inter-Andean valley in southern Peru. Thirty-eight commercial quality parameters of Hass and Fuerte avocados were evaluated under the marketing and export protocols approved in the Codex Alimentarius CXS 197-1995 issued by FAO and the Peruvian technical standard NTP 011.018. The index was formulated using information gathered from 44 experts in the Apurimac region. To weight the commercial quality parameters, the Delphi method was used, with the cooperation of expert producers and marketers, from which a weighted equation was formulated for the commercial quality index of Hass (CQIh) and Fuerte (CQIf) avocados. Fifteen parameters of interest were found for the formulation of the quality indexes for both varieties, which reported more than 50% coincidence among experts, based on physical and sensory evaluation. The CQI proposal would be a tool to help improve the quality attributes of avocado growers.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10080787
P. Saensouk, S. Saensouk, C. Maknoi, T. Boonma
This study introduces Curcuma borealis Saensouk, P.Saensouk, and Boonma and C. retrocalcaria Saensouk, P.Saensouk, and Boonma, two newly discovered species within the Curcuma genus of the Zingiberaceae family, found in the Mae Hong Son and Chiang Mai Provinces of Northern Thailand, respectively. This research aims to clarify the taxonomic identity of these species, which were initially confused with C. ecomata Craib and C. chantaranothaii Boonma and Saensouk due to similarities in flower coloration and some morphological characteristics, respectively. Detailed morphological analysis was conducted to distinguish these species. Curcuma borealis is differentiated by its unique anthers lacking appendages or projections at the base of the spurs, in contrast to the appendages or projections present in C. ecomata, while C. retrocalcaria is characterized by anther spurs folding or curving backward under the anther base and with two purple patches at the base of the labellum, distinguishing it from C. chantaranothaii. The findings highlight distinct morphological traits that set C. borealis and C. retrocalcaria apart from existing Curcuma species. The pollen morphology of the two new taxa was also studied here for the first time. This research emphasizes the importance of thorough taxonomic scrutiny for accurate species identification and contributes to our understanding of the diversity within the Curcuma genus. Accurate identification of these species is crucial for conservation efforts, underscoring the need to protect their habitats and maintain biodiversity in the region.
本研究介绍了分别发现于泰国北部夜丰颂府和清迈府的莪术属（Zingiberaceae）中的两个新发现物种：Curcuma borealis Saensouk、P.Saensouk 和 Boonma 以及 C. retrocalcaria Saensouk、P.Saensouk 和 Boonma。本研究旨在澄清这两个物种的分类学特征。最初，由于花的颜色和一些形态特征相似，这两个物种分别与 C. ecomata Craib 和 C. chantaranothaii Boonma 和 Saensouk 混淆。为了区分这些物种，我们进行了详细的形态分析。北莪术（Curcuma borealis）的独特之处在于其花药距基部没有附属物或突起，而莪术（C. ecomata）的花药距基部则有附属物或突起；莪术（C. retrocalcaria）的特征是花药距在花药基部向后折叠或弯曲，唇瓣基部有两块紫色斑块，这使其与莪术（C. chantaranothaii）区分开来。这些发现凸显了北莪术和南莪术不同于现有莪术品种的独特形态特征。本文还首次对这两个新分类群的花粉形态进行了研究。这项研究强调了彻底的分类学审查对于准确鉴定物种的重要性，并有助于我们了解莪术属的多样性。对这些物种的准确鉴定对保护工作至关重要，强调了保护其栖息地和维持该地区生物多样性的必要性。
{"title":"Curcuma borealis sp. nov. and C. retrocalcaria sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae): Two Novel Taxa from Northern Thailand","authors":"P. Saensouk, S. Saensouk, C. Maknoi, T. Boonma","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10080787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10080787","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces Curcuma borealis Saensouk, P.Saensouk, and Boonma and C. retrocalcaria Saensouk, P.Saensouk, and Boonma, two newly discovered species within the Curcuma genus of the Zingiberaceae family, found in the Mae Hong Son and Chiang Mai Provinces of Northern Thailand, respectively. This research aims to clarify the taxonomic identity of these species, which were initially confused with C. ecomata Craib and C. chantaranothaii Boonma and Saensouk due to similarities in flower coloration and some morphological characteristics, respectively. Detailed morphological analysis was conducted to distinguish these species. Curcuma borealis is differentiated by its unique anthers lacking appendages or projections at the base of the spurs, in contrast to the appendages or projections present in C. ecomata, while C. retrocalcaria is characterized by anther spurs folding or curving backward under the anther base and with two purple patches at the base of the labellum, distinguishing it from C. chantaranothaii. The findings highlight distinct morphological traits that set C. borealis and C. retrocalcaria apart from existing Curcuma species. The pollen morphology of the two new taxa was also studied here for the first time. This research emphasizes the importance of thorough taxonomic scrutiny for accurate species identification and contributes to our understanding of the diversity within the Curcuma genus. Accurate identification of these species is crucial for conservation efforts, underscoring the need to protect their habitats and maintain biodiversity in the region.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mineral elements and non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) are important nutrients and energy sources for flower development in plants. However, no studies were reported on the dynamic changes of nutrient stoichiometry and NSC contents in Houpoea officinalis (H. officinalis) flower. In this study, the changes in carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and NSC contents as well as C:N:P stoichiometry in the pistil, stamen, and petal of H. officinalis flowers at four developmental stages were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that C, N, P, and NSC contents, as well as C:N:P stoichiometric ratios in the three parts of the flower exhibited large variations at four development stages. Development stages and organs had significant effects on the measured parameters in the three organs of H. officinalis flowers, but their interactions had no significant effects. During the flower development, C, N, and P contents in different floral parts ranged from 418.7 to 496.3 mg/g, 26.6 to 45.3 mg/g, and 0.396 to 0.656 mg/g. P content decreased continuously with development, C:N in stamen were significantly higher than those in other flower parts at the same developmental stage. Glucose, starch, fructose, and sucrose contents showed significant differences in three parts of H. officinalis flowers at four development stages. These differences may reflect differences in elemental storage capacity and biomass allocation patterns of H. officinalis flowers. In general, our data will help to improve our understanding of the relationship between NSCs and C:N:P stoichiometry in response to development stages and organs in H. officinalis flowers.
矿质元素和非结构性碳水化合物是植物花发育的重要营养物质和能量来源。然而，目前还没有关于欧芹（Houpoea officinalis）花中养分配比和非结构性碳水化合物含量动态变化的研究报道。本研究比较分析了雌花、雄蕊和花瓣四个发育阶段中碳（C）、氮（N）、磷（P）和 NSC 含量的变化以及 C:N:P 的比例关系。结果表明，在四个发育阶段，花的三个部分的C、N、P和NSC含量以及C:N:P的化学计量比变化很大。发育阶段和器官对欧芹花三个器官的测量参数有显著影响，但它们之间的交互作用没有显著影响。在花的发育过程中，不同花朵部位的 C、N 和 P 含量分别为 418.7 至 496.3 毫克/克、26.6 至 45.3 毫克/克和 0.396 至 0.656 毫克/克。P含量随着发育持续下降，雄蕊中的C:N含量在同一发育阶段明显高于其他花朵部位的C:N含量。葡萄糖、淀粉、果糖和蔗糖的含量在 H. officinalis 花的三个部分的四个发育阶段均有显著差异。这些差异可能反映了 H. officinalis 花的元素储存能力和生物量分配模式的不同。总之，我们的数据将有助于我们更好地理解 NSC 与 C:N:P 的化学计量之间的关系，以及 H. officinalis 花朵对发育阶段和器官的响应。
{"title":"Non-Structural Carbohydrate Content and C:N:P Stoichiometry in Houpoea officinalis Flowers in Response to Development Stages","authors":"Yao Yang, Yuxian Qiu, Yu Cheng, Ting Yu, Maoyuan Zhu, Wenzhang Qian, Shun Gao, Guoqing Zhuang","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10080784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10080784","url":null,"abstract":"Mineral elements and non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) are important nutrients and energy sources for flower development in plants. However, no studies were reported on the dynamic changes of nutrient stoichiometry and NSC contents in Houpoea officinalis (H. officinalis) flower. In this study, the changes in carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and NSC contents as well as C:N:P stoichiometry in the pistil, stamen, and petal of H. officinalis flowers at four developmental stages were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that C, N, P, and NSC contents, as well as C:N:P stoichiometric ratios in the three parts of the flower exhibited large variations at four development stages. Development stages and organs had significant effects on the measured parameters in the three organs of H. officinalis flowers, but their interactions had no significant effects. During the flower development, C, N, and P contents in different floral parts ranged from 418.7 to 496.3 mg/g, 26.6 to 45.3 mg/g, and 0.396 to 0.656 mg/g. P content decreased continuously with development, C:N in stamen were significantly higher than those in other flower parts at the same developmental stage. Glucose, starch, fructose, and sucrose contents showed significant differences in three parts of H. officinalis flowers at four development stages. These differences may reflect differences in elemental storage capacity and biomass allocation patterns of H. officinalis flowers. In general, our data will help to improve our understanding of the relationship between NSCs and C:N:P stoichiometry in response to development stages and organs in H. officinalis flowers.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141803607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-25DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10080788
S. Thanonkeo, Tipawan Palee, P. Thanonkeo, P. Klanrit
Pueraria candollei var. mirifica produces and accumulates various phytoestrogen compounds in its tuberous roots, including daidzein and genistein. Plant cell culture methods have been established to alleviate the problems associated with producing valuable phytochemicals from natural or field-cultivated plants, and hairy root culture is one of the most promising methods for the in vitro production of plant secondary metabolites. Thus, this study aimed to produce daidzein and genistein from hairy root cultures of P. candollei var. mirifica. The influences of cultivation parameters, including the culture medium, light conditions, sugar content in the culture medium, incubation temperature, and agitation speed, on biomass and daidzein and genistein production in hairy root cultures of this medicinal plant were investigated. The results revealed that the optimal cultivation conditions for biomass and bioactive compound production were Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium, a sucrose concentration of 30 g/L, a 16/8 h light/dark photoperiod, an incubation temperature of 26 °C, and an agitation speed of 90 rpm. The highest biomass and daidzein and genistein contents achieved in this study were 17.76 g/L, 6.85 mg/g DW, and 0.96 mg/g DW, respectively. Interestingly, the daidzein and genistein contents obtained from hairy roots were approximately 45.7- and 12.0-fold greater than those obtained from normal roots, respectively, suggesting that hairy root culture is a suitable method for the sustainable production of phytoestrogen, daidzein, and genistein from this medicinal plant.
{"title":"Influence of Culture Conditions on Growth and Daidzein and Genistein Production in Hairy Root Cultures of Pueraria candollei var. mirifica","authors":"S. Thanonkeo, Tipawan Palee, P. Thanonkeo, P. Klanrit","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10080788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10080788","url":null,"abstract":"Pueraria candollei var. mirifica produces and accumulates various phytoestrogen compounds in its tuberous roots, including daidzein and genistein. Plant cell culture methods have been established to alleviate the problems associated with producing valuable phytochemicals from natural or field-cultivated plants, and hairy root culture is one of the most promising methods for the in vitro production of plant secondary metabolites. Thus, this study aimed to produce daidzein and genistein from hairy root cultures of P. candollei var. mirifica. The influences of cultivation parameters, including the culture medium, light conditions, sugar content in the culture medium, incubation temperature, and agitation speed, on biomass and daidzein and genistein production in hairy root cultures of this medicinal plant were investigated. The results revealed that the optimal cultivation conditions for biomass and bioactive compound production were Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium, a sucrose concentration of 30 g/L, a 16/8 h light/dark photoperiod, an incubation temperature of 26 °C, and an agitation speed of 90 rpm. The highest biomass and daidzein and genistein contents achieved in this study were 17.76 g/L, 6.85 mg/g DW, and 0.96 mg/g DW, respectively. Interestingly, the daidzein and genistein contents obtained from hairy roots were approximately 45.7- and 12.0-fold greater than those obtained from normal roots, respectively, suggesting that hairy root culture is a suitable method for the sustainable production of phytoestrogen, daidzein, and genistein from this medicinal plant.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141805846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10080780
Juan P Martinez, R. Fuentes, Danitza Badilla, Camila Rosales, Juan Felipe Alfaro-Quezada, Francisco Correa, Carolina Lizana, B. Sagredo, Muriel Quinet, S. Lutts
Salinity is a major constraint limiting the yield of tomatoes. However, grafting strategies may help to overcome the salt toxicity of this important horticultural species if appropriate rootstocks are identified. The present study aimed to test a new rootstock, JUPAFORT1, obtained by crossing the glycophyte Solanum lycopersicum (cv. Poncho Negro) with the halophyte wild-related species Solanum chilense to improve the salinity tolerance of the Chilean tomato landrace Old Limachino Tomato (OLT). Intact OLT plants were exposed to 0, 80, or 160 mM of NaCl for 21 days at the vegetative stage and compared with self-grafted (L/L) and Limachino plants grafted on JUPAFORT1 rootstock (L/R) under a completely randomized design. JUPAFORT1 increased OLT scion vigor in the absence of salt but did not significantly increase fresh weight under stress conditions. However, JUPAFORT1 confers to the scion an anisohydric behavior contrasting with the isohydric behavior of L and L/L plants as indicated by measurements of stomatal conductance; L/R plants were able to maintain their metabolic status despite a slight decrease in the leaf’s relative water content. JUPAFORT1 rootstock also enabled the maintenance of photosynthetic pigment concentrations in the scion in contrast to L and L/L plants, which exhibited a decrease in photosynthetic pigments under stress conditions. L/R plants encountered oxidative stress at the highest stress intensity (160 mM of NaCl) only, while L and L/L plants suffered from oxidative damage at a lower dose (80 mM of NaCl). L/R plants behaved as includer plants and did not sequester Na+ in the root system, in contrast to L and L/L, which behaved as excluder plants retaining Na+ in the root system to avoid its translocation to the shoots. The expression of genes coding for ion transporters (HKT1.1, HKT1.2, LKT1, SKOR, SOS2, and SOS3) in the root system was not modified by salinity in L/R. In contrast, their expression varied in response to salinity in L and L/L. Overall, L/R plants exhibited higher physiological stability than L/L or L plants in response to an increasing NaCl dose and did not require additional energy investment to trigger an adaptative response to salinity. This suggests that the constitutive salinity tolerance of the halophyte S. chilense was maintained in the interspecific rootstock. JUPAFORT1 issued from S. lycopersicum x S. chilense may thus improve salt-stress resilience in OLT tomatoes. Additional studies are required to identify the molecular components involved in the root-to-shoot signaling pathway in this promising material.
盐碱是限制番茄产量的一个主要因素。然而，如果能找到合适的砧木，嫁接策略可能有助于克服这一重要园艺品种的盐毒问题。本研究旨在测试一种新砧木--JUPAFORT1，它是由糖叶植物番茄（Solanum lycopersicum，cv. Poncho Negro）与盐生野生相关物种番茄（Solanum chilense）杂交获得的，目的是提高智利番茄陆地品种老利马奇诺番茄（Old Limachino Tomato，OLT）的耐盐性。在完全随机设计下，将完整的 OLT 植株暴露在 0、80 或 160 mM NaCl 中 21 天，并与自交植株（L/L）和嫁接在 JUPAFORT1 根茎上的 Limachino 植株（L/R）进行比较。在无盐条件下，JUPAFORT1 提高了 OLT 接穗的活力，但在胁迫条件下并没有显著增加鲜重。然而，根据气孔导度的测量结果，JUPAFORT1 使接穗具有等水行为，这与 L 和 L/L 植物的等水行为截然不同；尽管叶片的相对含水量略有下降，L/R 植物仍能保持其代谢状态。JUPAFORT1 砧木还能维持接穗中光合色素的浓度，而 L 和 L/L 植物则不同，它们在胁迫条件下表现出光合色素的减少。L/R 植株仅在最高胁迫强度（160 毫摩尔 NaCl）下受到氧化胁迫，而 L 和 L/L 植株在较低剂量（80 毫摩尔 NaCl）下就受到氧化损伤。L/R 植株表现为包含型植株，没有将 Na+ 封存在根系中，而 L 和 L/L 则表现为排除型植株，将 Na+ 保留在根系中，以避免其转移到芽中。L/R 根系中编码离子转运体的基因（HKT1.1、HKT1.2、LKT1、SKOR、SOS2 和 SOS3）的表达不受盐度的影响。相反，在 L 和 L/L 中，它们的表达随盐度的变化而变化。总的来说，与 L/L 或 L 植物相比，L/R 植物在 NaCl 剂量增加时表现出更高的生理稳定性，并且不需要额外的能量投入来触发对盐度的适应性反应。这表明盐生植物 S. chilense 的组成型耐盐性在种间砧木中得以保持。因此，从 S. lycopersicum x S. chilense 发出的 JUPAFORT1 可能会提高 OLT 番茄对盐胁迫的适应能力。还需要进行更多的研究，以确定这种有潜力的材料中参与根到芽信号传导途径的分子成分。
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Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10080781
Tian-Bi Ma, Bo Liu, Yan Fang, Wen-Na Gao, Qing-Ying Zhao, Zhi-Hong Li, Guo-Ping Zhan
The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), is currently distributed in the main soft-skinned fruits production areas in China and 59 other countries, presenting a significant threat to importing nations. Optimal phytosanitary treatments, including fumigation, irradiation, and cold treatment, have been developed to prevent the international movement of this invasive fly. To determine the most cold-tolerant stage and facilitate the development of the technical schedules requested by the Technical Panel on Phytosanitary Treatment (TPPT), cold treatments of D. suzukii immature stages in ‘Red Globe’ grapes were conducted. Dose–mortality data at 0 °C and 2 °C from repeated trials were subjected to analysis of covariance, linear regression, and probit analysis. Results identified 3 d old pupae as the most cold-tolerant stage, followed by 1 d old pupae, 4 d old larvae, and 6 h old eggs with similar tolerance. The 2 d old larvae were the most sensitive stage. In subsequent confirmatory tests, 3 d old pupae were subjected to cold treatment at 0 °C for 9 and 10 days, and at 2 °C for 10 and 12 days, based on the probit estimation of the probit-9 value. No adult emergence occurred in the confirmatory tests except for one deformed adult from a 2 °C 10 d treatment. Therefore, the recommended treatment schedule requires fruit temperatures below 0.00 °C (or 1.62 °C) for no less than 10 (or 12) continuous days, with treatment efficacy not less than 99.9960% (or 99.9955%) at a 95% confidence level, respectively. These schedules are intended for submission to TPPT for the development of phytosanitary treatment standards.
斑翅果蝇（Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura)）目前分布在中国和其他 59 个国家的主要软皮水果产区，对进口国构成严重威胁。为了防止这种入侵蝇的国际传播，已经开发出了最佳的植物检疫处理方法，包括熏蒸、辐照和冷处理。为了确定最耐寒的阶段并促进植物检疫处理技术小组（TPPT）所要求的技术日程表的制定，我们对'红地球'葡萄中未成熟阶段的 D. suzukii 进行了冷处理。对重复试验中 0 °C 和 2 °C 的剂量-死亡率数据进行了协方差分析、线性回归和 probit 分析。结果表明，3 天大的蛹是最耐寒的阶段，其次是 1 天大的蛹、4 天大的幼虫和 6 小时大的卵，耐寒性相似。2 d 大的幼虫是最敏感的阶段。在随后的确证试验中，根据 probit-9 值的 probit 估计值，将 3 d 大的蛹分别在 0 °C 和 2 °C 下冷处理 9 和 10 天，以及 10 和 12 天。除了 2 °C 10 天处理中的一个畸形成虫外，确认试验中没有成虫出现。因此，建议的处理时间表要求果实温度低于 0.00 °C（或 1.62 °C），连续天数不少于 10 天（或 12 天），在 95% 的置信水平下，处理效果分别不低于 99.9960%（或 99.9955%）。这些时间表将提交给 TPPT，用于制定植物检疫处理标准。
{"title":"Phytosanitary Cold Treatment of the Spotted Wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Postharvest ‘Red Globe’ Grapes","authors":"Tian-Bi Ma, Bo Liu, Yan Fang, Wen-Na Gao, Qing-Ying Zhao, Zhi-Hong Li, Guo-Ping Zhan","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10080781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10080781","url":null,"abstract":"The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), is currently distributed in the main soft-skinned fruits production areas in China and 59 other countries, presenting a significant threat to importing nations. Optimal phytosanitary treatments, including fumigation, irradiation, and cold treatment, have been developed to prevent the international movement of this invasive fly. To determine the most cold-tolerant stage and facilitate the development of the technical schedules requested by the Technical Panel on Phytosanitary Treatment (TPPT), cold treatments of D. suzukii immature stages in ‘Red Globe’ grapes were conducted. Dose–mortality data at 0 °C and 2 °C from repeated trials were subjected to analysis of covariance, linear regression, and probit analysis. Results identified 3 d old pupae as the most cold-tolerant stage, followed by 1 d old pupae, 4 d old larvae, and 6 h old eggs with similar tolerance. The 2 d old larvae were the most sensitive stage. In subsequent confirmatory tests, 3 d old pupae were subjected to cold treatment at 0 °C for 9 and 10 days, and at 2 °C for 10 and 12 days, based on the probit estimation of the probit-9 value. No adult emergence occurred in the confirmatory tests except for one deformed adult from a 2 °C 10 d treatment. Therefore, the recommended treatment schedule requires fruit temperatures below 0.00 °C (or 1.62 °C) for no less than 10 (or 12) continuous days, with treatment efficacy not less than 99.9960% (or 99.9955%) at a 95% confidence level, respectively. These schedules are intended for submission to TPPT for the development of phytosanitary treatment standards.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10080782
Johané Niemann, Eleanor W. Hoffman, Lorenzo Zacarías, Martin Kidd, P. Cronjé
During postharvest cold storage, fruit sustains physical and biochemical changes, which may result in physiological rind disorders that consequently affect the fruit’s marketability. Preharvest conditions are known to affect postharvest fruit quality, with the effect of preharvest shade netting being currently unknown. To this end, ‘Nadorcott’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) fruit, grown under shade netting and without it, was harvested during two consecutive seasons from an orchard in Citrusdal, Western Cape, South Africa. The fruit was evaluated prior to, as well as after a 7-day shelf-life period following cold storage at either −0.6 or 4 °C for 14, 27 and 34 days, respectively, for changes in rind and pulp colour, rind carotenoids, soluble solid content (SSC), citric acid content and SSC/citric acid ratio. Weight loss and the incidence of rind physiological disorders (staining) were also recorded. The results showed that shade net did not affect the storage behaviour of the fruit, as no treatment differences were seen. However, a storage duration effect for both treatments was evident in some internal and external quality parameters, viz., weight loss percentage and carotenoid content increased over the storage duration. Inconsistency regarding the storage duration effect on the rind colour, SSC and acid content were evident between seasons, at both temperatures. Staining only occurred in the first season after 34 days at both temperatures. The results indicated that shade netting had no negative effect on the cold-storage behaviour of ‘Nadorcott’ fruit. However, contrasting findings from this study emphasized that the condition of the fruit at harvest plays a significant role in the postharvest behaviour of the fruit during cold storage, and different growing conditions may also be a contributable factor.
{"title":"Postharvest Cold-Storage Behaviour of ‘Nadorcott’ Mandarin Fruit Remains Unaffected by Preharvest Shade Netting","authors":"Johané Niemann, Eleanor W. Hoffman, Lorenzo Zacarías, Martin Kidd, P. Cronjé","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10080782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10080782","url":null,"abstract":"During postharvest cold storage, fruit sustains physical and biochemical changes, which may result in physiological rind disorders that consequently affect the fruit’s marketability. Preharvest conditions are known to affect postharvest fruit quality, with the effect of preharvest shade netting being currently unknown. To this end, ‘Nadorcott’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) fruit, grown under shade netting and without it, was harvested during two consecutive seasons from an orchard in Citrusdal, Western Cape, South Africa. The fruit was evaluated prior to, as well as after a 7-day shelf-life period following cold storage at either −0.6 or 4 °C for 14, 27 and 34 days, respectively, for changes in rind and pulp colour, rind carotenoids, soluble solid content (SSC), citric acid content and SSC/citric acid ratio. Weight loss and the incidence of rind physiological disorders (staining) were also recorded. The results showed that shade net did not affect the storage behaviour of the fruit, as no treatment differences were seen. However, a storage duration effect for both treatments was evident in some internal and external quality parameters, viz., weight loss percentage and carotenoid content increased over the storage duration. Inconsistency regarding the storage duration effect on the rind colour, SSC and acid content were evident between seasons, at both temperatures. Staining only occurred in the first season after 34 days at both temperatures. The results indicated that shade netting had no negative effect on the cold-storage behaviour of ‘Nadorcott’ fruit. However, contrasting findings from this study emphasized that the condition of the fruit at harvest plays a significant role in the postharvest behaviour of the fruit during cold storage, and different growing conditions may also be a contributable factor.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10080775
Renan J. Parecido, R. P. Soratto, A. M. Fernandes, Mayara C. Blanes, Luis G. Fidelis, Harun I. Gitari, Sérgio G. Dutra
To assess the effect of pure castor meal and a mixture of castor meal with ground hydrothermalized phonolite rock (CM+HP mixture) in providing nutrients, particularly N and K, and optimizing yield and quality of sweet potato, a field experiment was conducted using a randomized block design. Treatments were the absence and presence of synthetic N and K fertilizers (ammonium nitrate and KCl) combined with rates of organic fertilizers (1.2 and 2.4 Mg ha−1 of castor meal, 2.25 and 4.5 Mg ha−1 of CM+HP mixture, plus a treatment without organic fertilizers). The CM+HP mixture maintained adequate N and K status in plant leaves. Organic fertilizers increased the number of storage roots per plant and the sweetness of the storage roots, while synthetic fertilizers increased the storage root mean weight. Castor meal combined with synthetic fertilizers improved soil health (increased organic matter and enzyme activity in the soil). The combined application of synthetic fertilizers with 2.4 Mg ha−1 of castor meal or 4.5 Mg ha−1 of CM+HP mixture had the greatest benefit on storage root yield, with an average increase of 128% (10.9 Mg ha−1) on marketable storage root yield, and the nutrient removal compared with the sole application of organic fertilizers.
{"title":"Castor Meal and Ground Hydrothermalized Phonolite Optimize Sweet Potato Nutrition, Yield, and Quality","authors":"Renan J. Parecido, R. P. Soratto, A. M. Fernandes, Mayara C. Blanes, Luis G. Fidelis, Harun I. Gitari, Sérgio G. Dutra","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10080775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10080775","url":null,"abstract":"To assess the effect of pure castor meal and a mixture of castor meal with ground hydrothermalized phonolite rock (CM+HP mixture) in providing nutrients, particularly N and K, and optimizing yield and quality of sweet potato, a field experiment was conducted using a randomized block design. Treatments were the absence and presence of synthetic N and K fertilizers (ammonium nitrate and KCl) combined with rates of organic fertilizers (1.2 and 2.4 Mg ha−1 of castor meal, 2.25 and 4.5 Mg ha−1 of CM+HP mixture, plus a treatment without organic fertilizers). The CM+HP mixture maintained adequate N and K status in plant leaves. Organic fertilizers increased the number of storage roots per plant and the sweetness of the storage roots, while synthetic fertilizers increased the storage root mean weight. Castor meal combined with synthetic fertilizers improved soil health (increased organic matter and enzyme activity in the soil). The combined application of synthetic fertilizers with 2.4 Mg ha−1 of castor meal or 4.5 Mg ha−1 of CM+HP mixture had the greatest benefit on storage root yield, with an average increase of 128% (10.9 Mg ha−1) on marketable storage root yield, and the nutrient removal compared with the sole application of organic fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141810253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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