Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10010017
Marija Marković, Milana M Trifunović-Momčilov, Olga Radulović, D. Paunović, Dragana D. Antonić Reljin, S. Jevremović, B. Uzelac
The genus Fritillaria is characterized by the production of alkaloids, primarily of the isosteroidal type. The aim of this preliminary study was to perform a histolocalization screening aimed at revealing the presence of alkaloids in the bulbs of F. meleagris, cultured in vitro under different growth regimes and at different developmental stages, as a powerful tool to identify preferable in vitro plant material for alkaloid isolation. Histochemical localization of alkaloids was performed using Wagner’s and Dragendorff’s reagents in fresh sections of bulbs cultured at 24 °C or 7 °C for 4 weeks, as well as those cultured at 24 °C following the 4-week chilling treatment, which were sampled at the beginning of sprouting. A positive reaction was observed with both reagents and was particularly intense in cold-treated bulbs. Alkaloids were mainly distributed in the bulbs and partly in the sprouts of the in vitro grown F. meleagris. The most intense staining, indicative of high alkaloid content, was observed in the bulb scales of pre-chilled bulbs that sprouted at 24 °C, rendering them preferable as in vitro plant material for alkaloid isolation. The results suggest that alkaloid production in the bulbs of F. meleagris can be improved by manipulating growth in the microenvironment of in vitro cultures, in order to meet the increasing industrial demand for medicinally or commercially important metabolites used as traditional medicines and herbal remedies.
Fritillaria 属的特点是产生生物碱，主要是异甾体类生物碱。本初步研究的目的是进行组织定位筛选，旨在揭示在不同生长机制和不同发育阶段离体培养的 F. meleagris 鳞茎中生物碱的存在情况，以此作为一种有力的工具来确定分离生物碱的理想离体植物材料。使用瓦格纳试剂和德拉根多夫试剂对在 24 °C 或 7 °C 下培养 4 周的鳞茎，以及在 24 °C 下培养 4 周后进行冷冻处理的鳞茎（在萌芽初期取样）的新鲜切片进行了生物碱的组织化学定位。两种试剂都能观察到阳性反应，冷处理后的鳞茎反应尤为强烈。生物碱主要分布在鳞茎中，部分分布在离体生长的 F. meleagris 的萌芽中。在 24 °C 下萌发的预冷鳞茎的鳞片中观察到最强烈的染色，表明生物碱含量很高，因此可作为生物碱分离的离体植物材料。研究结果表明，可以通过调节离体培养物微环境中的生长来提高 F. meleagris 鳞茎中生物碱的产量，以满足工业界对用作传统药物和草药的药用或商业重要代谢物日益增长的需求。
{"title":"Histochemical Localization of Alkaloids in the Bulbs of In Vitro-Regenerated Snake’s Head Fritillary (Fritillaria meleagris L.): The Effect of a Temperature Regime","authors":"Marija Marković, Milana M Trifunović-Momčilov, Olga Radulović, D. Paunović, Dragana D. Antonić Reljin, S. Jevremović, B. Uzelac","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10010017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010017","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Fritillaria is characterized by the production of alkaloids, primarily of the isosteroidal type. The aim of this preliminary study was to perform a histolocalization screening aimed at revealing the presence of alkaloids in the bulbs of F. meleagris, cultured in vitro under different growth regimes and at different developmental stages, as a powerful tool to identify preferable in vitro plant material for alkaloid isolation. Histochemical localization of alkaloids was performed using Wagner’s and Dragendorff’s reagents in fresh sections of bulbs cultured at 24 °C or 7 °C for 4 weeks, as well as those cultured at 24 °C following the 4-week chilling treatment, which were sampled at the beginning of sprouting. A positive reaction was observed with both reagents and was particularly intense in cold-treated bulbs. Alkaloids were mainly distributed in the bulbs and partly in the sprouts of the in vitro grown F. meleagris. The most intense staining, indicative of high alkaloid content, was observed in the bulb scales of pre-chilled bulbs that sprouted at 24 °C, rendering them preferable as in vitro plant material for alkaloid isolation. The results suggest that alkaloid production in the bulbs of F. meleagris can be improved by manipulating growth in the microenvironment of in vitro cultures, in order to meet the increasing industrial demand for medicinally or commercially important metabolites used as traditional medicines and herbal remedies.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139163626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10010016
Aiwei Huang, Hongxia Jing, Muhammad Umair, Hongmei Du
Climate change could influence the plant response to drought stress in karst environments. However, fewer related studies have been reported. This study examined the impact of artificial water addition on the accumulation of metabolites of Cymbopogon distans with a non-targeted metabolomics approach during both the dry and wet seasons. Three water treatment gradients (CK, T1, and T2, indicating 0%, +20%, and +40% relative to the average monthly precipitation, respectively) were chosen. The findings of our study indicate that the levels of primary metabolites were higher in the leaves of C. distans during the dry season compared to the rainy season. In addition, the presence of water did not have a substantial impact on the composition and functionality of metabolites between the wet and drought seasons. The contents of some lipids were greater during the dry season, while others were greater during the wet season. During the dry season, the contents of FA, DG, MGDG, SQDG, TG, and PR decreased with water addition. Our findings demonstrated that artificial water addition might have a greater impact on metabolite accumulation during the dry season in drought-tolerant species in karst areas. Due to the buildup of certain metabolites, they exhibit clear drought resistance. At the same time, water addition during the dry season will also cause a certain stress, affecting the adaptability of plants. These findings have significant ramifications for the management and choice of species in various sea seasons in karst regions.
气候变化可能会影响喀斯特环境中植物对干旱胁迫的反应。然而，相关研究报道较少。本研究采用非靶向代谢组学方法，考察了人工加水对旱季和雨季Cymbopogon distans代谢物积累的影响。我们选择了三种水处理梯度（CK、T1 和 T2，分别表示相对于月平均降水量的 0%、+20% 和 +40%）。我们的研究结果表明，与雨季相比，旱季 C. distans 叶子中的初级代谢物含量更高。此外，在湿季和旱季之间，水的存在对代谢物的组成和功能没有实质性影响。一些脂质的含量在旱季较高，而另一些则在雨季较高。在旱季，FA、DG、MGDG、SQDG、TG 和 PR 的含量随着加水量的增加而减少。我们的研究结果表明，人工加水对喀斯特地区耐旱物种旱季代谢物积累的影响可能更大。由于某些代谢物的积累，它们表现出明显的抗旱性。同时，旱季加水也会造成一定的压力，影响植物的适应性。这些发现对岩溶地区不同海季的管理和物种选择具有重要意义。
{"title":"Response of Metabolites in Cymbopogon distans Leaves to Water Addition in Karst Areas during Different Seasons","authors":"Aiwei Huang, Hongxia Jing, Muhammad Umair, Hongmei Du","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10010016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010016","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change could influence the plant response to drought stress in karst environments. However, fewer related studies have been reported. This study examined the impact of artificial water addition on the accumulation of metabolites of Cymbopogon distans with a non-targeted metabolomics approach during both the dry and wet seasons. Three water treatment gradients (CK, T1, and T2, indicating 0%, +20%, and +40% relative to the average monthly precipitation, respectively) were chosen. The findings of our study indicate that the levels of primary metabolites were higher in the leaves of C. distans during the dry season compared to the rainy season. In addition, the presence of water did not have a substantial impact on the composition and functionality of metabolites between the wet and drought seasons. The contents of some lipids were greater during the dry season, while others were greater during the wet season. During the dry season, the contents of FA, DG, MGDG, SQDG, TG, and PR decreased with water addition. Our findings demonstrated that artificial water addition might have a greater impact on metabolite accumulation during the dry season in drought-tolerant species in karst areas. Due to the buildup of certain metabolites, they exhibit clear drought resistance. At the same time, water addition during the dry season will also cause a certain stress, affecting the adaptability of plants. These findings have significant ramifications for the management and choice of species in various sea seasons in karst regions.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"28 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139164801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10010015
E. Villagran, Felipe Romero-Perdomo, Stephanie Numa-Vergel, Julio Ricardo Galindo-Pacheco, Diego Alejandro Salinas-Velandia
Researchers and practitioners use life cycle assessment (LCA) as a powerful tool to thoroughly assess the environmental impact of protected agriculture. However, the literature in this field has shown heterogeneity, which is characterized by inconsistent methodologies and assumptions. Identifying prevailing trends and resolving existing limitations is necessary to generate robust results and guide future work. Here, we conduct a bibliometric and systematic review to explore how LCA applications have addressed protected agriculture. The bibliometric analysis unveils trends in scientific productivity, spanning temporal evolution and geographic distribution, while also identifying prominent research avenues. The systematic review traces the historical trajectory of agricultural LCA and scrutinizes methodological decisions across the standard LCA phases: (i) objective and scope, (ii) life cycle inventory, (iii) impact assessment, and (iv) interpretation. We summarize and discuss the reported environmentally friendly practices and provide a qualitative interpretation of the LCA findings. Moreover, we pinpoint key methodological challenges and propose research horizons. It is crucial to note that the environmental benefits of protected agriculture are context-dependent, with climate change emerging as a critical factor influencing crop yields and the system’s input and output resources. This impact is particularly pronounced in terms of water and energy consumption and carbon emissions. In regions with extreme climates, protected agriculture provides solutions for producers aiming to attain high yields of top-quality crops. The integration of circular bioeconomy strategies in this context allows mitigation of the environmental trade-offs identified by LCA.
{"title":"Life Cycle Assessment in Protected Agriculture: Where Are We Now, and Where Should We Go Next?","authors":"E. Villagran, Felipe Romero-Perdomo, Stephanie Numa-Vergel, Julio Ricardo Galindo-Pacheco, Diego Alejandro Salinas-Velandia","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10010015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010015","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers and practitioners use life cycle assessment (LCA) as a powerful tool to thoroughly assess the environmental impact of protected agriculture. However, the literature in this field has shown heterogeneity, which is characterized by inconsistent methodologies and assumptions. Identifying prevailing trends and resolving existing limitations is necessary to generate robust results and guide future work. Here, we conduct a bibliometric and systematic review to explore how LCA applications have addressed protected agriculture. The bibliometric analysis unveils trends in scientific productivity, spanning temporal evolution and geographic distribution, while also identifying prominent research avenues. The systematic review traces the historical trajectory of agricultural LCA and scrutinizes methodological decisions across the standard LCA phases: (i) objective and scope, (ii) life cycle inventory, (iii) impact assessment, and (iv) interpretation. We summarize and discuss the reported environmentally friendly practices and provide a qualitative interpretation of the LCA findings. Moreover, we pinpoint key methodological challenges and propose research horizons. It is crucial to note that the environmental benefits of protected agriculture are context-dependent, with climate change emerging as a critical factor influencing crop yields and the system’s input and output resources. This impact is particularly pronounced in terms of water and energy consumption and carbon emissions. In regions with extreme climates, protected agriculture provides solutions for producers aiming to attain high yields of top-quality crops. The integration of circular bioeconomy strategies in this context allows mitigation of the environmental trade-offs identified by LCA.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"65 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139164198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10010014
F. Fort, Qiying Lin-Yang, Carla Valls, Pau Sancho-Galán, J. Canals, F. Zamora
La Gomera Island is one of the areas of our planet where the phylloxera plague never arrived. To measure the genetic diversity of the vine after more than 500 years (inter- and intravarietal variability) of adaptation to this new environment, a prospection was carried out. For this purpose, 120 samples were collected and genotyped with 20 SSRs. A total of 52 unique profiles were found corresponding to 4 new varieties (Coello blanca, Barrerita negra, Malvasia periquin gomerae, Verdello gomerae), 9 individuals identical to the most widespread profile, and 39 individuals that presented variations (1 corresponding to a mutation of a new variety (Verdello gomerae de Monacal) and 38 corresponding to variations of known varieties, some of which included cases of triallelism or quadriallelism). The population of local vines in La Gomera Island is considered to be the most unique in the Canary Islands to date. It is hypothesised that the grapevine varieties Malvasia periquin gomerae and Verdello gomerae are possibly the most unique and that the Barrerita negra variety may have resulted from an interspecific crossbreeding. The Coello blanco variety (admixed) seems to have a strong Central European influence. Finally, we propose that the prime name for the Albillo forastero variety, which was arbitrarily imposed by the scientific community, be changed to the more widespread and better-known name in La Gomera Island and the Canary Archipelago, which is Forastera gomerae.
{"title":"Analysis of the Diversity Presented by Vitis vinifera L. in the Volcanic Island of La Gomera (Canary Archipelago, Spain) Using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) as Molecular Markers","authors":"F. Fort, Qiying Lin-Yang, Carla Valls, Pau Sancho-Galán, J. Canals, F. Zamora","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10010014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010014","url":null,"abstract":"La Gomera Island is one of the areas of our planet where the phylloxera plague never arrived. To measure the genetic diversity of the vine after more than 500 years (inter- and intravarietal variability) of adaptation to this new environment, a prospection was carried out. For this purpose, 120 samples were collected and genotyped with 20 SSRs. A total of 52 unique profiles were found corresponding to 4 new varieties (Coello blanca, Barrerita negra, Malvasia periquin gomerae, Verdello gomerae), 9 individuals identical to the most widespread profile, and 39 individuals that presented variations (1 corresponding to a mutation of a new variety (Verdello gomerae de Monacal) and 38 corresponding to variations of known varieties, some of which included cases of triallelism or quadriallelism). The population of local vines in La Gomera Island is considered to be the most unique in the Canary Islands to date. It is hypothesised that the grapevine varieties Malvasia periquin gomerae and Verdello gomerae are possibly the most unique and that the Barrerita negra variety may have resulted from an interspecific crossbreeding. The Coello blanco variety (admixed) seems to have a strong Central European influence. Finally, we propose that the prime name for the Albillo forastero variety, which was arbitrarily imposed by the scientific community, be changed to the more widespread and better-known name in La Gomera Island and the Canary Archipelago, which is Forastera gomerae.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"47 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138946627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10010009
A. D. Bovin, A. V. Dolgikh, Alina M. Dymo, Elizaveta S. Kantsurova, Olga A. Pavlova, E. Dolgikh
The development of legume–rhizobial symbiosis results in the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules. In response to rhizobial molecules, Nod factors, signal transduction is mediated by the interaction of activated receptors with downstream signaling proteins. Previously, some new regulators of the signal pathway, such as phospholipases D, which regulate the level of phosphatidic acid (PA), as well as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), have been identified in legumes. Since PA is an important signal messenger, we tested the hypothesis that increasing the level of proteins involved in the reversible binding of PA in plant tissues may have a positive effect on symbiosis. Our findings showed that overexpression of MtSPHK1-PA, encoding the PA-binding domain of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), stimulated plant growth and nodule development in legume plants. Furthermore, the influence of MAPK6 on the development of symbiosis was studied. Using genetic engineering methods, we increased MAPK6 transcriptional activity in transgenic roots, leading to an increase in the number of nodules and the biomass of pea plants. Therefore, new approaches to obtain plants with an increased efficiency of symbiosis were tested. We report here that both genes that encode signaling proteins may be used as potential targets for future modification using biotechnological approaches.
豆科植物与根瘤菌共生的结果是形成固氮根瘤。针对根瘤菌分子（即 Nod 因子），信号转导是由激活的受体与下游信号蛋白相互作用介导的。此前，在豆科植物中发现了一些新的信号途径调节器，如调节磷脂酸（PA）水平的磷脂酶 D 以及丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPKs）。由于 PA 是一种重要的信号信使，我们测试了一个假设，即提高植物组织中参与 PA 可逆结合的蛋白质水平可能会对共生产生积极影响。我们的研究结果表明，过量表达编码鞘氨醇激酶 1（SPHK1）PA 结合结构域的 MtSPHK1-PA 能刺激豆科植物的生长和结核发育。此外，我们还研究了 MAPK6 对共生发展的影响。利用基因工程方法，我们提高了转基因根中 MAPK6 的转录活性，从而增加了豌豆植物的结核数量和生物量。因此，我们测试了获得共生效率更高的植物的新方法。我们在此报告，这两种编码信号蛋白的基因都可作为未来利用生物技术方法进行改造的潜在目标。
{"title":"Genetically Modified Legume Plants as a Basis for Studying the Signal Regulation of Symbiosis with Nodule Bacteria","authors":"A. D. Bovin, A. V. Dolgikh, Alina M. Dymo, Elizaveta S. Kantsurova, Olga A. Pavlova, E. Dolgikh","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10010009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010009","url":null,"abstract":"The development of legume–rhizobial symbiosis results in the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules. In response to rhizobial molecules, Nod factors, signal transduction is mediated by the interaction of activated receptors with downstream signaling proteins. Previously, some new regulators of the signal pathway, such as phospholipases D, which regulate the level of phosphatidic acid (PA), as well as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), have been identified in legumes. Since PA is an important signal messenger, we tested the hypothesis that increasing the level of proteins involved in the reversible binding of PA in plant tissues may have a positive effect on symbiosis. Our findings showed that overexpression of MtSPHK1-PA, encoding the PA-binding domain of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), stimulated plant growth and nodule development in legume plants. Furthermore, the influence of MAPK6 on the development of symbiosis was studied. Using genetic engineering methods, we increased MAPK6 transcriptional activity in transgenic roots, leading to an increase in the number of nodules and the biomass of pea plants. Therefore, new approaches to obtain plants with an increased efficiency of symbiosis were tested. We report here that both genes that encode signaling proteins may be used as potential targets for future modification using biotechnological approaches.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"54 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138950830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10010011
Yaofeng Zhang, Huixian Sun, Linlin Tian, Yanxiu Miao, Leiping Hou, Meihua Sun, M. Qi, Tianlai Li
Fruit locule number is an important agronomic trait that affects fruit appearance, quality, and yield. CLAVATA3 (SlCLV3) is a candidate gene of the fasciated (fas) locus that plays a role in controlling the number of flower organs and fruit locules in tomato. The SlCLV3 encoding signal peptide mainly acts by inhibiting the expression of WUSCHEL (WUS) but there is little research about how the receptor transmits the CLV3 signal to WUS and inhibits its expression. The CRISPR/Cas9 method was employed to edit the first exon of tomato SlCLV3 in this study, leading to the functional deletion of SlCLV3. As a result, flowers with a high number of organs and fruits with a high number of locules were produced. We screened six candidate genes using the transcriptome of clv3 mutants, analyzed expression variations in these genes between the cultivated allele and wild-type allele of fas, and showed that only SlLET6 and SlGIF1 (GRF1-interacting factor 1) were influenced by the fas locus. SlLET6 overexpression resulted in an increase in flower carpels and fruit locules. These results suggest that SlLET6 may be the downstream gene of SlCLV3 regulating the number of carpels and fruit locules in tomato.
{"title":"Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Downstream Genes of CLAVATA3 in Tomato","authors":"Yaofeng Zhang, Huixian Sun, Linlin Tian, Yanxiu Miao, Leiping Hou, Meihua Sun, M. Qi, Tianlai Li","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10010011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010011","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit locule number is an important agronomic trait that affects fruit appearance, quality, and yield. CLAVATA3 (SlCLV3) is a candidate gene of the fasciated (fas) locus that plays a role in controlling the number of flower organs and fruit locules in tomato. The SlCLV3 encoding signal peptide mainly acts by inhibiting the expression of WUSCHEL (WUS) but there is little research about how the receptor transmits the CLV3 signal to WUS and inhibits its expression. The CRISPR/Cas9 method was employed to edit the first exon of tomato SlCLV3 in this study, leading to the functional deletion of SlCLV3. As a result, flowers with a high number of organs and fruits with a high number of locules were produced. We screened six candidate genes using the transcriptome of clv3 mutants, analyzed expression variations in these genes between the cultivated allele and wild-type allele of fas, and showed that only SlLET6 and SlGIF1 (GRF1-interacting factor 1) were influenced by the fas locus. SlLET6 overexpression resulted in an increase in flower carpels and fruit locules. These results suggest that SlLET6 may be the downstream gene of SlCLV3 regulating the number of carpels and fruit locules in tomato.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"86 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138951472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10010010
Mzwakhile Petros Zakhe Simelane, P. Soundy, S. Amoo, M. Maboko
Onion (Allium cepa) is one of the world’s most consumed, nutrient-dense foods, low in calories and containing a rich amount of major bioactive compounds, vitamins, and minerals. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of different nitrogen (N) fertilizer sources on the nutritional and phytochemical qualities of short-day onions. A white-type onion (cv. Texas Grano) was subjected to different fertilizer application treatments, namely (i) pre-plant base application of 80 kg ha−1 N from CaCN2, alone or in combination with (ii) top-dressing with 50 kg ha−1 N from limestone ammonium nitrate (LAN), or (iii) top-dressing with 50 kg ha−1 N from urea, (iv) pre-plant base application of 80 kg ha−1 N from LAN and top-dressing with 50 kg ha−1 N from LAN, (v) pre-plant base application of 80 kg ha−1 N from urea and top-dressing with 50 kg ha−1 N from urea, and (vi) 0 kg ha−1 N. Pre-plant application of CaCN2 (80 kg ha−1 N) outperformed standard onion fertilizers, urea (130 kg ha−1 N) and LAN (130 kg ha−1 N), significantly enhancing total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and calcium (Ca) and potassium (K) content in onion bulbs. Applying 50 kg ha−1 N from urea as top-dressing with the pre-plant application of CaCN2 (80 kg ha−1 N) elevated total phenolics (5.48 mg GAE g−1) and flavonoids (0.741 mg CE g−1) in the onion bulbs. The highest antioxidant activity (55.9%) and free radical scavenging activity (26.3%) were achieved with top-dressing 50 kg ha−1 N from LAN following CaCN2 pre-plant application. Application of CaCN2 + urea also significantly increased onion bulb potassium (2335 mg kg−1) and calcium (828 mg kg−1) contents, while CaCN2 combined with LAN improved magnesium (123.3 mg kg−1) content. This study recommends pre-plant CaCN2, top-dressed with either LAN or urea, for improved phytochemical components, antioxidant activities, and certain mineral content in onion bulbs. These findings present a practical approach for cultivating nutrient-rich and phytochemically abundant onion bulbs, promoting improved human health.
洋葱（Allium cepa）是世界上消耗量最大、营养最丰富的食物之一，热量低，含有丰富的主要生物活性化合物、维生素和矿物质。本研究旨在确定不同氮肥来源对短日照洋葱营养和植物化学品质的影响。对白型洋葱（cv.Texas Grano）进行了不同的施肥处理，即(i) 播种前基施 80 千克/公顷的 CaCN2 氮肥，单独或与(ii) 50 千克/公顷的硝酸铵石灰石（LAN）氮肥一起施用、或(iii) 每公顷施用 50 千克尿素氮；(iv) 种植前施用 80 千克 LAN 氮，每公顷施用 50 千克 LAN 氮；(v) 种植前施用 80 千克尿素氮，每公顷施用 50 千克尿素氮；(vi) 每公顷施用 0 千克氮。种植前施用 CaCN2（80 千克/公顷氮）的效果优于标准洋葱肥料尿素（130 千克/公顷氮）和 LAN（130 千克/公顷氮），能显著提高洋葱球茎中的总酚含量、抗氧化活性、钙（Ca）和钾（K）含量。在播种前施用 CaCN2（80 千克/公顷 N）的同时施用 50 千克/公顷尿素作为氮肥，可提高洋葱球茎中的总酚（5.48 毫克 GAE g-1）和类黄酮（0.741 毫克 CE g-1）。播种前施用 CaCN2 后，在 LAN 上层施用 50 kg ha-1 N，抗氧化活性（55.9%）和清除自由基活性（26.3%）最高。施用 CaCN2 + 尿素还能显著提高洋葱球茎钾（2335 毫克/千克-1）和钙（828 毫克/千克-1）的含量，而 CaCN2 与 LAN 的结合则能提高镁（123.3 毫克/千克-1）的含量。本研究建议在播种前施用 CaCN2，并与 LAN 或尿素一起施用，以提高洋葱球茎中的植物化学成分、抗氧化活性和某些矿物质含量。这些发现为培育营养丰富、植物化学成分丰富的洋葱鳞茎提供了一种实用方法，可促进人类健康。
{"title":"Effects of Nitrogen Source on Mineral Element, Phytochemical Content, and Antioxidant Activity of Short-Day Onion (Allium cepa) Bulbs","authors":"Mzwakhile Petros Zakhe Simelane, P. Soundy, S. Amoo, M. Maboko","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10010010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010010","url":null,"abstract":"Onion (Allium cepa) is one of the world’s most consumed, nutrient-dense foods, low in calories and containing a rich amount of major bioactive compounds, vitamins, and minerals. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of different nitrogen (N) fertilizer sources on the nutritional and phytochemical qualities of short-day onions. A white-type onion (cv. Texas Grano) was subjected to different fertilizer application treatments, namely (i) pre-plant base application of 80 kg ha−1 N from CaCN2, alone or in combination with (ii) top-dressing with 50 kg ha−1 N from limestone ammonium nitrate (LAN), or (iii) top-dressing with 50 kg ha−1 N from urea, (iv) pre-plant base application of 80 kg ha−1 N from LAN and top-dressing with 50 kg ha−1 N from LAN, (v) pre-plant base application of 80 kg ha−1 N from urea and top-dressing with 50 kg ha−1 N from urea, and (vi) 0 kg ha−1 N. Pre-plant application of CaCN2 (80 kg ha−1 N) outperformed standard onion fertilizers, urea (130 kg ha−1 N) and LAN (130 kg ha−1 N), significantly enhancing total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and calcium (Ca) and potassium (K) content in onion bulbs. Applying 50 kg ha−1 N from urea as top-dressing with the pre-plant application of CaCN2 (80 kg ha−1 N) elevated total phenolics (5.48 mg GAE g−1) and flavonoids (0.741 mg CE g−1) in the onion bulbs. The highest antioxidant activity (55.9%) and free radical scavenging activity (26.3%) were achieved with top-dressing 50 kg ha−1 N from LAN following CaCN2 pre-plant application. Application of CaCN2 + urea also significantly increased onion bulb potassium (2335 mg kg−1) and calcium (828 mg kg−1) contents, while CaCN2 combined with LAN improved magnesium (123.3 mg kg−1) content. This study recommends pre-plant CaCN2, top-dressed with either LAN or urea, for improved phytochemical components, antioxidant activities, and certain mineral content in onion bulbs. These findings present a practical approach for cultivating nutrient-rich and phytochemically abundant onion bulbs, promoting improved human health.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"23 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138951138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10010008
Yang Li, Heqin Yan, Muhammad Zeeshan Ul Haq, Ya Liu, You-gen Wu, Jing Yu, Pengguo Xia
Camellia vietnamensis Huang is an important and famous woody oil crop with high economic value in China because of its high-quality, edible, and medicinal oil. As one of its major active components, tea saponin (triterpenoid saponin) has shown anticancer, antioxidant, bacteriostatic, and other pharmacological activities. In this study, C. vietnamensis was used as an experimental material to determine the tea saponin content and physiological activity indicators after salicylic acid (SA) treatment and to analyze the differential expression genes of key metabolic pathways in response to SA by combining transcriptome data. The results showed that SA treatment increased the content of tea saponin and total phenols in leaves; effectively promoted the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX); and decreased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). A total of 60,038 genes, including 5871 new genes, were obtained by the RNA-seq. There were 6609 significantly differential expression genes mainly enriched in pathways such as sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, diterpenoid biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis. The SA-induced key structural genes (SQS, SQE, bAS, CYP450, and UGT) and transcription factors related to the tea saponin biosynthetic pathway were screened by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The results of this study could provide a theoretical basis and a new technical method to improve the content of tea saponin, with its excellent anticancer activity, in C. vietnamensis.
{"title":"Physiological and Transcriptional Analysis Provides Insights into Tea Saponin Biosynthesis and Regulation in Response to SA in Camellia vietnamensis Huang","authors":"Yang Li, Heqin Yan, Muhammad Zeeshan Ul Haq, Ya Liu, You-gen Wu, Jing Yu, Pengguo Xia","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10010008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010008","url":null,"abstract":"Camellia vietnamensis Huang is an important and famous woody oil crop with high economic value in China because of its high-quality, edible, and medicinal oil. As one of its major active components, tea saponin (triterpenoid saponin) has shown anticancer, antioxidant, bacteriostatic, and other pharmacological activities. In this study, C. vietnamensis was used as an experimental material to determine the tea saponin content and physiological activity indicators after salicylic acid (SA) treatment and to analyze the differential expression genes of key metabolic pathways in response to SA by combining transcriptome data. The results showed that SA treatment increased the content of tea saponin and total phenols in leaves; effectively promoted the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX); and decreased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). A total of 60,038 genes, including 5871 new genes, were obtained by the RNA-seq. There were 6609 significantly differential expression genes mainly enriched in pathways such as sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, diterpenoid biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis. The SA-induced key structural genes (SQS, SQE, bAS, CYP450, and UGT) and transcription factors related to the tea saponin biosynthetic pathway were screened by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The results of this study could provide a theoretical basis and a new technical method to improve the content of tea saponin, with its excellent anticancer activity, in C. vietnamensis.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138955610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The co-application of water, fertilizer, and air is a new water-saving irrigation method based on drip irrigation technology, which can effectively alleviate the phenomenon of soil rhizosphere hypoxia, improve water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, and inhibit the clogging of irrigation equipment in drip irrigation systems. The performance of drip irrigation systems is one of the important factors affecting the effectiveness of the co-application of water, fertilizer, and air. However, the impact of factors such as the aeration method, fertilization device, and working parameters on the performance of drip irrigation systems for the co-application of water, fertilizer, and air is still unclear. Therefore, based on two typical aeration methods, i.e., micro-nano and Venturi aeration, the performance of a drip irrigation system under the co-application of water, fertilizer, and air was studied by comparing and analyzing the effects of different aeration methods, working pressures of the drip irrigation system, and the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of fertilizer irrigation on the spatial distribution uniformity of water, fertilizer, and air in the drip irrigation pipeline network. The results showed that the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of fertilization irrigation had no significant impact on system performance, while the working pressure significantly affected system performance. Compared with the effective effect of Venturi aeration on system performance, micro-nano aeration can significantly affect drip irrigation system performance and effectively improve drip irrigation system performance. The micro-nano-aerated drip irrigation system with the co-application of water, fertilizer, and air under a working pressure of 0.1 MPa has better system performance. The research results are of great significance for revealing the mechanism underlying the impact of the co-application of water, fertilizer, and air on the performance of drip irrigation systems and constructing efficient drip irrigation technology for the co-application of water, fertilizer, and air.
{"title":"Performance of a Drip Irrigation System under the Co-Application of Water, Fertilizer, and Air","authors":"Hao Li, Zhengjun Ma, Guangsong Zhang, Jiayao Chen, Yunchao Lu, Peng Li","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010006","url":null,"abstract":"The co-application of water, fertilizer, and air is a new water-saving irrigation method based on drip irrigation technology, which can effectively alleviate the phenomenon of soil rhizosphere hypoxia, improve water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, and inhibit the clogging of irrigation equipment in drip irrigation systems. The performance of drip irrigation systems is one of the important factors affecting the effectiveness of the co-application of water, fertilizer, and air. However, the impact of factors such as the aeration method, fertilization device, and working parameters on the performance of drip irrigation systems for the co-application of water, fertilizer, and air is still unclear. Therefore, based on two typical aeration methods, i.e., micro-nano and Venturi aeration, the performance of a drip irrigation system under the co-application of water, fertilizer, and air was studied by comparing and analyzing the effects of different aeration methods, working pressures of the drip irrigation system, and the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of fertilizer irrigation on the spatial distribution uniformity of water, fertilizer, and air in the drip irrigation pipeline network. The results showed that the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of fertilization irrigation had no significant impact on system performance, while the working pressure significantly affected system performance. Compared with the effective effect of Venturi aeration on system performance, micro-nano aeration can significantly affect drip irrigation system performance and effectively improve drip irrigation system performance. The micro-nano-aerated drip irrigation system with the co-application of water, fertilizer, and air under a working pressure of 0.1 MPa has better system performance. The research results are of great significance for revealing the mechanism underlying the impact of the co-application of water, fertilizer, and air on the performance of drip irrigation systems and constructing efficient drip irrigation technology for the co-application of water, fertilizer, and air.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138961498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-19DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10010003
Mehrdad Babarabie, A. S. Sardoei, Babak Jamali, M. Hatami, Silvana Nicola, M. Devecchi
Ornamental geophytes, renowned for their beauty, hold a special place among flower enthusiasts and producers, enhancing the aesthetic appeal of gardens and orchards. The main aim of this study was to ascertain the viability of cultivating decay-resistant genotypes and identify appropriate planting locations for each species within a one-to-three-year timeframe, contingent upon the specific species. The research took place at the Flower and Plant Production Center of the Gorgan Municipality’s Landscape and Urban Green Space Organization in Iran, with the primary focus on leveraging various geophyte flower species to optimize urban landscapes and elevate their visual allure. Utilizing a completely randomized block design with three replications, the study examined numerous species in the landscape. Various plant growth parameters were evaluated, including flowering time, optimal planting time, flower longevity on the plants, speed of underground bulb sprouting time, and visual quality of the samples. Results revealed that Narcissus jonquilla and Alstroemeria aurea cv. Balance exhibited the longest flower longevity, lasting for 43 days in the second year of growth. Conversely, Gladiolus hybrida (cv. Alexander) and Canna indica (cv. Flaccida and cv. Phasion) demonstrated a flower longevity of 13 days across both cultivation years. Alstroemeria and Crocosmia showed the shortest flowering time, significantly reduced compared to the first year due to the altered planting time. The assessment of visual quality highlighted Polianthes, Dahlia, and Gladiolus cultivars as displaying the highest visual appeal among the studied species. These findings yield valuable insights into the potential production and/or breeding of decay-resistant hybrid cultivars well suited for such regions.
{"title":"Compatibility and Possibility of New Ornamental Geophytes for Their Utilization in Landscape Architecture","authors":"Mehrdad Babarabie, A. S. Sardoei, Babak Jamali, M. Hatami, Silvana Nicola, M. Devecchi","doi":"10.3390/horticulturae10010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010003","url":null,"abstract":"Ornamental geophytes, renowned for their beauty, hold a special place among flower enthusiasts and producers, enhancing the aesthetic appeal of gardens and orchards. The main aim of this study was to ascertain the viability of cultivating decay-resistant genotypes and identify appropriate planting locations for each species within a one-to-three-year timeframe, contingent upon the specific species. The research took place at the Flower and Plant Production Center of the Gorgan Municipality’s Landscape and Urban Green Space Organization in Iran, with the primary focus on leveraging various geophyte flower species to optimize urban landscapes and elevate their visual allure. Utilizing a completely randomized block design with three replications, the study examined numerous species in the landscape. Various plant growth parameters were evaluated, including flowering time, optimal planting time, flower longevity on the plants, speed of underground bulb sprouting time, and visual quality of the samples. Results revealed that Narcissus jonquilla and Alstroemeria aurea cv. Balance exhibited the longest flower longevity, lasting for 43 days in the second year of growth. Conversely, Gladiolus hybrida (cv. Alexander) and Canna indica (cv. Flaccida and cv. Phasion) demonstrated a flower longevity of 13 days across both cultivation years. Alstroemeria and Crocosmia showed the shortest flowering time, significantly reduced compared to the first year due to the altered planting time. The assessment of visual quality highlighted Polianthes, Dahlia, and Gladiolus cultivars as displaying the highest visual appeal among the studied species. These findings yield valuable insights into the potential production and/or breeding of decay-resistant hybrid cultivars well suited for such regions.","PeriodicalId":13034,"journal":{"name":"Horticulturae","volume":"1 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138959812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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