The concentrator system is widely used in photovoltaic power generation technology. This letter introduces the concentrator system into orientation detection. It proposes an innovative method combining a non-imaging concentrator system, a data collection electronic system, and a deep residual network(ResNet) algorithm optimized through hyperparameter search. The concentrator system comprises a primary optical element(POE) and a secondary optical element(SOE) array, while the electronic system is built around a PIN photodiode array. Experimental results validate the feasibility of this novel orientation detection method for the first time. This research offers a fresh perspective and technical foundation for orientation detection and identification.
{"title":"Orientation Detection Method Based on Non-Imaging Concentrator System and Hyperparameter Search","authors":"Tianqi Chen;Zhiwei Xie;Qiao Qiu;Zhanqiang Ru;Fei Wang;Shengli Chang","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3505895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3505895","url":null,"abstract":"The concentrator system is widely used in photovoltaic power generation technology. This letter introduces the concentrator system into orientation detection. It proposes an innovative method combining a non-imaging concentrator system, a data collection electronic system, and a deep residual network(ResNet) algorithm optimized through hyperparameter search. The concentrator system comprises a primary optical element(POE) and a secondary optical element(SOE) array, while the electronic system is built around a PIN photodiode array. Experimental results validate the feasibility of this novel orientation detection method for the first time. This research offers a fresh perspective and technical foundation for orientation detection and identification.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 1","pages":"25-28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3504850
Tongqun Zhang;Xiaozhong Tian;Lanju Liang;Minghong Wang;Dianguo Ma;Jintao Wu;Yunquan Sun;Junbao Wang
In this letter, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an approach to performing high-resolution and temperature-insensitive idea of a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) curvature sensor utilizing microwave photonic filter (MPF) technique. A section of the capillary fiber is spliced between a single-mode fiber and a core-less fiber to form the air-gap FPI. The bending deformation of the FPI leads to changes in the fringe visibility (V) and free spectral range (FSR) of the interference pattern, which are converted into the changes in peak power and central frequency of the corresponding MPF. Consequently, the bending curvature can be recovered by tracking the frequency shift or the magnitude change. The experimental results show that the peak of the MPF decreases non-linearly with the increased curvature and a second-degree polynomial curve is fitted to predict the relationship. Compared with the fringe visibility change in optical domain, the peak power change of the MPF is enhanced by ~5 times. Meanwhile, the wavelength shift has a linear relationship with the curvature, and the sensitivity of 19.5 pm/m−1 is achieved in the curvature range of 3.3065-9.0552 m $^{mathrm {-1}}$ with a resolution of 1.026 m−1. The central frequency shifts linearly with the increase of curvature, and the sensitivity is 0.86 MHz/m $^{mathrm {-1}}$ with a resolution of $1.16times 10 ^{-3}$ m−1, which is much larger than that obtained by tracking the wavelength shift.
{"title":"Fabry-Perot Interferometer Curvature Sensor Based on Microwave Photonic Filter Technique","authors":"Tongqun Zhang;Xiaozhong Tian;Lanju Liang;Minghong Wang;Dianguo Ma;Jintao Wu;Yunquan Sun;Junbao Wang","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3504850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3504850","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an approach to performing high-resolution and temperature-insensitive idea of a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) curvature sensor utilizing microwave photonic filter (MPF) technique. A section of the capillary fiber is spliced between a single-mode fiber and a core-less fiber to form the air-gap FPI. The bending deformation of the FPI leads to changes in the fringe visibility (V) and free spectral range (FSR) of the interference pattern, which are converted into the changes in peak power and central frequency of the corresponding MPF. Consequently, the bending curvature can be recovered by tracking the frequency shift or the magnitude change. The experimental results show that the peak of the MPF decreases non-linearly with the increased curvature and a second-degree polynomial curve is fitted to predict the relationship. Compared with the fringe visibility change in optical domain, the peak power change of the MPF is enhanced by ~5 times. Meanwhile, the wavelength shift has a linear relationship with the curvature, and the sensitivity of 19.5 pm/m−1 is achieved in the curvature range of 3.3065-9.0552 m\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{mathrm {-1}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 with a resolution of 1.026 m−1. The central frequency shifts linearly with the increase of curvature, and the sensitivity is 0.86 MHz/m\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{mathrm {-1}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 with a resolution of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.16times 10 ^{-3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m−1, which is much larger than that obtained by tracking the wavelength shift.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 1","pages":"21-24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this letter, we proposed a hybrid design method based on rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) and velocity varying climbing particle swarm optimization (VVCPSO) to realize a focal shift eliminating grating reflector. we proved that the focusing reflector obtained by the hybrid design method can eliminate the focal shift of $5mu $ m (the focal length is $100mu $ m), improve the reflectivity and focusing efficiency by 14% and 17%, and achieve a full width at half maxima (FWHM) of $0.52mu $ m, which is considerably smaller than the $3.5mu $ m of the focusing reflector obtained solely through RCWA. Therefore, this method has a far-reaching influence on the design of fixed focus grating structure.
{"title":"Fixed Focus Grating Reflector Based on Hybrid Optimization Method","authors":"Junjing Huang;Xiaofeng Duan;Kai Liu;Yongqing Huang;Xiaomin Ren","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3504824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3504824","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we proposed a hybrid design method based on rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) and velocity varying climbing particle swarm optimization (VVCPSO) to realize a focal shift eliminating grating reflector. we proved that the focusing reflector obtained by the hybrid design method can eliminate the focal shift of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$5mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m (the focal length is \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$100mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m), improve the reflectivity and focusing efficiency by 14% and 17%, and achieve a full width at half maxima (FWHM) of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.52mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m, which is considerably smaller than the \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$3.5mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m of the focusing reflector obtained solely through RCWA. Therefore, this method has a far-reaching influence on the design of fixed focus grating structure.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 1","pages":"13-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142761538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we designed and fabricated a cable accommodating 4-core and 7-core multicore fibers (MCFs). Fiber characteristics including attenuation, dispersion and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) during the cabling procedure were measured and analyzed. We observed a significant degradation in PMD for MCFs, particularly for those outer cores proximate to the cladding. Thus it requires longer taps of MIMO equalizers to sufficiently equalize at the receiver for reliable communications at the subsea distance. To assess the PMD impact on outage performance with limitations of MIMO equalizers’ taps, we developed a C-band 8000-km submarine transmission model which was calibrated with measured parameters during cabling, for qualifying 4- and 7-core MCFs in practical use. Simulations performed on the calibrated model could predict the outage performance for ensuring the communication reliability. More than 2-dB SNR margin is required to prevent the PMD-induced outage with using 300-taps MIMO equalizer at the receiver. Based on these comprehensive tests and simulations, we emphasize the importance of carefully managing PMD and ensuring adequate system SNR margins during the practical cabling and deployment of optical MCFs submarine cables.
{"title":"PMD Impact on MCF Submarine Cables: Reassessing Outage Performance of Transmissions","authors":"Rendong Xu;Lin Sun;Guoxiang Xu;Wei Yin;Yucheng Fan;Haocai Huang;Gangxiang Shen","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3505053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3505053","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we designed and fabricated a cable accommodating 4-core and 7-core multicore fibers (MCFs). Fiber characteristics including attenuation, dispersion and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) during the cabling procedure were measured and analyzed. We observed a significant degradation in PMD for MCFs, particularly for those outer cores proximate to the cladding. Thus it requires longer taps of MIMO equalizers to sufficiently equalize at the receiver for reliable communications at the subsea distance. To assess the PMD impact on outage performance with limitations of MIMO equalizers’ taps, we developed a C-band 8000-km submarine transmission model which was calibrated with measured parameters during cabling, for qualifying 4- and 7-core MCFs in practical use. Simulations performed on the calibrated model could predict the outage performance for ensuring the communication reliability. More than 2-dB SNR margin is required to prevent the PMD-induced outage with using 300-taps MIMO equalizer at the receiver. Based on these comprehensive tests and simulations, we emphasize the importance of carefully managing PMD and ensuring adequate system SNR margins during the practical cabling and deployment of optical MCFs submarine cables.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 1","pages":"5-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142761450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3504841
Ahmed Galib Reza;Lakshmi Narayanan Venkatasubramani;Anil Raj Gautam;Prajwal D. Lakshmijayasimha;John O’Carroll;Richard Phelan;Diarmuid Byrne;Brian Kelly;Vladimir S. Mikhrin;Alexey Gubenko;Liam P. Barry
We investigate the performance of $1.3~mu $ m directly modulated multiple-quantum-well strained AlGaInAs distributed feedback laser in an optically amplified wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) system for next-generation passive optical networks. We experimentally demonstrate $2times 53$ Gbit/s PAM-4 transmissions over 20 km of a single-mode fiber employing two 16-GHz bandwidth-limited directly-modulated lasers and compare the performance of quantum-well and quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) in amplifying DWDM links. We successfully obtained the total power budget of 34 dB for each WDM channel using a quantum-dot SOA and 30-tap T-spaced feed-forward equalizer.
{"title":"2 × 53 Gbit/s PAM-4 Transmission Using 1.3 μm DML With High Power Budget Enabled by Quantum-Dot SOA","authors":"Ahmed Galib Reza;Lakshmi Narayanan Venkatasubramani;Anil Raj Gautam;Prajwal D. Lakshmijayasimha;John O’Carroll;Richard Phelan;Diarmuid Byrne;Brian Kelly;Vladimir S. Mikhrin;Alexey Gubenko;Liam P. Barry","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3504841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3504841","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the performance of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.3~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m directly modulated multiple-quantum-well strained AlGaInAs distributed feedback laser in an optically amplified wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) system for next-generation passive optical networks. We experimentally demonstrate \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$2times 53$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 Gbit/s PAM-4 transmissions over 20 km of a single-mode fiber employing two 16-GHz bandwidth-limited directly-modulated lasers and compare the performance of quantum-well and quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) in amplifying DWDM links. We successfully obtained the total power budget of 34 dB for each WDM channel using a quantum-dot SOA and 30-tap T-spaced feed-forward equalizer.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10764735","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142761455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3504836
Zhuo Chen;Jie Zhang;Zipeng Liang;Xiaoxiao Dai;Qi Yang;Liang Wang;Lei Deng;Mengfan Cheng;Deming Liu
Due to the sensitivity to cost and power consumption, the intensity modulation direct detection (IM/DD) transmission system attracts significant interest in inter-data center interconnections. In medium reach IM/DD transmission systems, chromatic dispersion caused power fading effect appears to be a major performance limiting problem for double sideband (DSB) signal. Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding (THP) is an effective method for compensating for the dispersion at the transmitter side. By incorporating nonlinear kernels into the transfer function, the nonlinear THP can compensate both the dispersion and the nonlinear distortion of the signal and improve the performance of the system. However, the added nonlinear kernels will significantly increase the complexity. To reduce the complexity of nonlinear THP, we propose a low-complexity absolute-term kernel based nonlinear THP scheme. Compared with the conventional Volterra kernel based THP scheme, the proposed methods can reduce the number of multipliers by 50%-60% without performance degradation. We successfully demonstrate a 70-km 40-Gbaud and a 90-km 30-Gbaud DSB PAM-4 C-band IM/DD transmission over dispersion-uncompensated links.
{"title":"Low-Complexity Nonlinear Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding Based on Absolute-Term for ZR Inter-DCI","authors":"Zhuo Chen;Jie Zhang;Zipeng Liang;Xiaoxiao Dai;Qi Yang;Liang Wang;Lei Deng;Mengfan Cheng;Deming Liu","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3504836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3504836","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the sensitivity to cost and power consumption, the intensity modulation direct detection (IM/DD) transmission system attracts significant interest in inter-data center interconnections. In medium reach IM/DD transmission systems, chromatic dispersion caused power fading effect appears to be a major performance limiting problem for double sideband (DSB) signal. Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding (THP) is an effective method for compensating for the dispersion at the transmitter side. By incorporating nonlinear kernels into the transfer function, the nonlinear THP can compensate both the dispersion and the nonlinear distortion of the signal and improve the performance of the system. However, the added nonlinear kernels will significantly increase the complexity. To reduce the complexity of nonlinear THP, we propose a low-complexity absolute-term kernel based nonlinear THP scheme. Compared with the conventional Volterra kernel based THP scheme, the proposed methods can reduce the number of multipliers by 50%-60% without performance degradation. We successfully demonstrate a 70-km 40-Gbaud and a 90-km 30-Gbaud DSB PAM-4 C-band IM/DD transmission over dispersion-uncompensated links.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 1","pages":"17-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3504299
Jonathan Esquivel-Hernández;Rodolfo Martínez-Manuel;Daniel Maldonado-Hurtado;Luis M. Valentín-Coronado;David Barrera;Salvador Sales
Implementation of the Hilbert Transform (HT) for temperature monitoring using an interferometric fiber sensor is presented. The method’s effectiveness is confirmed through modeling, simulation, and experimental results. This approach simplifies the process of monitoring the phase of an interferometric signal from a fiber sensor. Using a Fabry-Perot interferometer as the sensing element, it is demonstrated that the HT method enables accurate temperature measurement. The results show a high sensitivity and precision, with an error margin of less than 0.1°C, demonstrating the method’s reliability and potential for various applications.
{"title":"Interferometric Temperature Fiber Sensor Based on Hilbert Transform","authors":"Jonathan Esquivel-Hernández;Rodolfo Martínez-Manuel;Daniel Maldonado-Hurtado;Luis M. Valentín-Coronado;David Barrera;Salvador Sales","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3504299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3504299","url":null,"abstract":"Implementation of the Hilbert Transform (HT) for temperature monitoring using an interferometric fiber sensor is presented. The method’s effectiveness is confirmed through modeling, simulation, and experimental results. This approach simplifies the process of monitoring the phase of an interferometric signal from a fiber sensor. Using a Fabry-Perot interferometer as the sensing element, it is demonstrated that the HT method enables accurate temperature measurement. The results show a high sensitivity and precision, with an error margin of less than 0.1°C, demonstrating the method’s reliability and potential for various applications.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 1","pages":"41-44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3499736
Qian Guo;A-Long Peng;Jin-Zhe Liu;Shi-Yu Wang;Zhe-Yuan Li;Pei-Jin Shang;Yuan Lu
This study proposed a working mode incorporating the light control module parameters into the initial design of active-trigger bleached Nd:YAG/Cr $^{mathbf {4+}}$ : YAG passive Q-switched lasers to extend their functionality. The proposed mode, named Type I mode, generates a pulse with a pumping power lower than the passive mode threshold, while the traditional setup is referred as Type II mode. The universality and implementation of the two working modes are verified experimentally, and the pulse characteristics are determined. The results demonstrate that Type I mode has high performance and low jitter pulses, similar to the Type II mode. Furthermore, Type I mode outperforms the passive mode and can reach the low-frequency region, unlike the Type II mode, which has no frequency lower bound and can be triggered manually. These advantages and the low power consumption make laser devices working in the Type I mode a high-quality light source for remote sensing and long-range communication, especially for space applications.
{"title":"Working-Mode Expansion of Active-Trigger Bleached Nd:YAG/Cr⁴⁺:YAG Passive Q-Switched Lasers","authors":"Qian Guo;A-Long Peng;Jin-Zhe Liu;Shi-Yu Wang;Zhe-Yuan Li;Pei-Jin Shang;Yuan Lu","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3499736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3499736","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposed a working mode incorporating the light control module parameters into the initial design of active-trigger bleached Nd:YAG/Cr\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{mathbf {4+}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000: YAG passive Q-switched lasers to extend their functionality. The proposed mode, named Type I mode, generates a pulse with a pumping power lower than the passive mode threshold, while the traditional setup is referred as Type II mode. The universality and implementation of the two working modes are verified experimentally, and the pulse characteristics are determined. The results demonstrate that Type I mode has high performance and low jitter pulses, similar to the Type II mode. Furthermore, Type I mode outperforms the passive mode and can reach the low-frequency region, unlike the Type II mode, which has no frequency lower bound and can be triggered manually. These advantages and the low power consumption make laser devices working in the Type I mode a high-quality light source for remote sensing and long-range communication, especially for space applications.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 1","pages":"37-40"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142777812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-performance 808-nm five-junction vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) are designed and fabricated. The light-current-voltage characteristics of the 808-nm five-junction and single-junction VCSELs are compared. The 808-nm five-junction VCSELs with a high slope efficiency of 5.92 W/A at $5~^{circ }$ C and 5.10 W/A at $25~^{circ }$ C are achieved. The maximum power conversion efficiency is 55.04% for the 808-nm five-junction individual VCSEL. Under short pulse conditions (400 Hz, 60 ns pulse width), the peak output power of the five-junction VCSELs array is 1.013 kW at 224 A. Such multi-junction 808 nm VCSELs with a high power density have important applications in Q-tuned solid-state lasers.
{"title":"High Power Multi-Junction 808 nm Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers With High Efficiency","authors":"Fansheng Meng;Hongwei Qu;Xuyan Zhou;Aiyi Qi;Jiatong Sui;Wanhua Zheng","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3498439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3498439","url":null,"abstract":"High-performance 808-nm five-junction vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) are designed and fabricated. The light-current-voltage characteristics of the 808-nm five-junction and single-junction VCSELs are compared. The 808-nm five-junction VCSELs with a high slope efficiency of 5.92 W/A at \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$5~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000C and 5.10 W/A at \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$25~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000C are achieved. The maximum power conversion efficiency is 55.04% for the 808-nm five-junction individual VCSEL. Under short pulse conditions (400 Hz, 60 ns pulse width), the peak output power of the five-junction VCSELs array is 1.013 kW at 224 A. Such multi-junction 808 nm VCSELs with a high power density have important applications in Q-tuned solid-state lasers.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"36 24","pages":"1489-1492"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3496509
Weihua Shi;Xi Cheng;Yuyan Fan;Yuying Gu
In this letter, a dual-channel sensing structure for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) concentration and temperature is proposed. A gold coating is applied to the fiber’s exterior, creating a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing channel for DNA concentration measurement. The diameter of the air holes in the innermost and central horizontal layers is reduced, which is conducive to achieving strong coupling between the core and surface plasmon mode. Additionally, toluene is filled into an air hole within the fiber cladding, thus establishing a directional coupled sensing channel specifically designed for temperature detection, which minimizes the effect of temperature on the concentration of DNA. The sensing structure’s performance is analyzed using the finite element method, and its parameters are optimized accordingly. The results show that the two sensing channels are independent of each other, the concentration sensitivity is 1.03 nm/ g $cdot $ cm $^{mathrm {-3}}$ at DNA concentration ranging from 0.029 to 0.248 g/cm3, and −9.75 nm/°C at temperatures ranging from 0 to $50~^{circ }$ C. The proposed sensing structure offers high sensitivity for DNA concentration and temperature detection, making it applicable in biomedical and other fields.
本文提出了一种用于脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）浓度和温度的双通道传感结构。在光纤的外部涂上一层金，形成一个用于测量 DNA 浓度的表面等离子体共振 (SPR) 传感通道。最内层和中央水平层的气孔直径减小，这有利于实现核心和表面等离子体模式之间的强耦合。此外，在光纤包层内的气孔中注入甲苯，从而建立了一个专门用于温度检测的定向耦合传感通道，将温度对 DNA 浓度的影响降至最低。利用有限元法分析了传感结构的性能，并对其参数进行了相应的优化。结果表明，两个传感通道相互独立，在 DNA 浓度为 0.029~0.248 g/cm3 时，浓度灵敏度为 1.03 nm/ g $cdot $ cm $^{mathrm {-3}}$；在温度为 0~50~^{circ }$ C 时，浓度灵敏度为 -9.75 nm/°C。
{"title":"Externally Coated Dual-Channel Photonic Crystal Fiber for Bio-Temperature Sensing","authors":"Weihua Shi;Xi Cheng;Yuyan Fan;Yuying Gu","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3496509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3496509","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a dual-channel sensing structure for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) concentration and temperature is proposed. A gold coating is applied to the fiber’s exterior, creating a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensing channel for DNA concentration measurement. The diameter of the air holes in the innermost and central horizontal layers is reduced, which is conducive to achieving strong coupling between the core and surface plasmon mode. Additionally, toluene is filled into an air hole within the fiber cladding, thus establishing a directional coupled sensing channel specifically designed for temperature detection, which minimizes the effect of temperature on the concentration of DNA. The sensing structure’s performance is analyzed using the finite element method, and its parameters are optimized accordingly. The results show that the two sensing channels are independent of each other, the concentration sensitivity is 1.03 nm/ g\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000cm\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{mathrm {-3}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 at DNA concentration ranging from 0.029 to 0.248 g/cm3, and −9.75 nm/°C at temperatures ranging from 0 to \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$50~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000C. The proposed sensing structure offers high sensitivity for DNA concentration and temperature detection, making it applicable in biomedical and other fields.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"36 24","pages":"1493-1496"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：