Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2025.3642564
Hao Deng;Xuan Tang;Wanzhen Guo;Jian Zhao
We propose a subband-based nonlinearity compensation algorithm using perturbation theory for bandwidth-constrained faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) systems, and experimentally validate the algorithm in a wavelength-division-multiplexed 32-GBaud/channel dual-polarization 16QAM FTN system over 1200-km single mode fiber. The results show that the proposed method achieves better performance than conventional perturbation-based method and 2-steps/span digital back-propagation, while significantly reducing the complexity. Under this method, the FTN system outperforms traditional Nyquist system in bandwidth-limited scenarios.
{"title":"Experimental Demonstration of WDM DP-16QAM FTN System With Subband-Based Nonlinearity Compensation","authors":"Hao Deng;Xuan Tang;Wanzhen Guo;Jian Zhao","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3642564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3642564","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a subband-based nonlinearity compensation algorithm using perturbation theory for bandwidth-constrained faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) systems, and experimentally validate the algorithm in a wavelength-division-multiplexed 32-GBaud/channel dual-polarization 16QAM FTN system over 1200-km single mode fiber. The results show that the proposed method achieves better performance than conventional perturbation-based method and 2-steps/span digital back-propagation, while significantly reducing the complexity. Under this method, the FTN system outperforms traditional Nyquist system in bandwidth-limited scenarios.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"38 6","pages":"398-401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145808577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dynamic optomechanical systems with multi-frame rotations often suffer beam-axis deviation, which severely degrades performance by reducing coupling efficiency, increasing bit-error rates in free-space optical (FSO) links, impairing target acquisition, and introducing ranging errors. This letter proposes a compensation algorithm using a fast steering mirror (FSM), which integrates a beam-tracing optical model with a multi-frame optomechanical model to explicitly couple FSM control with mechanical motion. The method adaptively corrects optical path deviations in real time. Laboratory tests and dynamic field experiments, including uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) tracking, confirmed stable beam pointing: residual misalignment was held within $pm 4~mu rad$ . The results demonstrate that the approach maintains high accuracy with rapid optomechanical frame movements and provides a practical basis for axis calibration in complex Coudé optical systems.
{"title":"Beam-Deviation Compensation of FSM via Beam-Tracing Modeling in Dynamic Optomechanical Systems","authors":"Xu Guo;Yixiong Lin;Diyue Pang;Xiang Li;Yansong Song;Keyan Dong","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3642279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3642279","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic optomechanical systems with multi-frame rotations often suffer beam-axis deviation, which severely degrades performance by reducing coupling efficiency, increasing bit-error rates in free-space optical (FSO) links, impairing target acquisition, and introducing ranging errors. This letter proposes a compensation algorithm using a fast steering mirror (FSM), which integrates a beam-tracing optical model with a multi-frame optomechanical model to explicitly couple FSM control with mechanical motion. The method adaptively corrects optical path deviations in real time. Laboratory tests and dynamic field experiments, including uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) tracking, confirmed stable beam pointing: residual misalignment was held within <inline-formula> <tex-math>$pm 4~mu rad$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The results demonstrate that the approach maintains high accuracy with rapid optomechanical frame movements and provides a practical basis for axis calibration in complex Coudé optical systems.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"38 6","pages":"430-433"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2025.3641974
Fuwang Wu;Xiang He;Hongtao Wei;Zhengkai Yao;Yi Wan;Weiye Song
To address the challenge of severe dispersion in visible light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT), this letter proposes a simple yet effective digital dispersion compensation method based on phase modeling of optical components (PMOC). The PMOC can effectively compensate for higher-order dispersion without requiring complex computations or additional mirror-reflection measurements. It is also capable of compensating for spatially dependent dispersion (SDD). The performance of the method is validated through both interference signal analysis and vis-OCT images. Moreover, compared to the Taylor series iterative fitting (TSIF) method, the proposed method achieved a significant improvement in resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The images obtained by PMOC are comparable to those acquired under dispersion-free conditions.
{"title":"Phase Modeling of Optical Components for Dispersion Compensation in Visible Light OCT","authors":"Fuwang Wu;Xiang He;Hongtao Wei;Zhengkai Yao;Yi Wan;Weiye Song","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3641974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3641974","url":null,"abstract":"To address the challenge of severe dispersion in visible light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT), this letter proposes a simple yet effective digital dispersion compensation method based on phase modeling of optical components (PMOC). The PMOC can effectively compensate for higher-order dispersion without requiring complex computations or additional mirror-reflection measurements. It is also capable of compensating for spatially dependent dispersion (SDD). The performance of the method is validated through both interference signal analysis and vis-OCT images. Moreover, compared to the Taylor series iterative fitting (TSIF) method, the proposed method achieved a significant improvement in resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The images obtained by PMOC are comparable to those acquired under dispersion-free conditions.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"38 5","pages":"353-356"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145830924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2025.3642193
Mandeep Jangra;Yogesh Khatri;Arnab Datta
A forward machine learning (ML) model-based fabrication of dielectric etalon has been demonstrated here for the control of accurate colors represented by their H-S-V, i.e., hue (H), saturation (S) and value (V). ML models [random forest (RF), gradient boosting (GB), multi-layer perceptron (MLP), and K-neighbors (KNR)] were trained involving large dataset (~148000) that represent reflectance spectra obtained from a germanium-antimony-telluride (GST)/silicon dioxide (SiO2)/p-silicon (p-Si)-based dielectric etalon through calibrated transfer matrix method (TMM)-based numerical simulations for different thicknesses and phases of the GST and SiO2, incidence angles and polarization states of the input. The RF model was found to achieve ~0.998 coefficient of determination (R2), minimum mean absolute error (MSE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) while directly predicting different color channels (R, G and B), which was further employed for desired experimental color demonstration (H, S, and V) via fabricated dielectric etalon. Latter was fabricated based on optimized ML model-led accurate geometric and physical parameters.
{"title":"Reliable Prediction of H-S-V of Colors for Dielectric Etalon via Forward ML Model","authors":"Mandeep Jangra;Yogesh Khatri;Arnab Datta","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3642193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3642193","url":null,"abstract":"A forward machine learning (ML) model-based fabrication of dielectric etalon has been demonstrated here for the control of accurate colors represented by their H-S-V, i.e., hue (H), saturation (S) and value (V). ML models [random forest (RF), gradient boosting (GB), multi-layer perceptron (MLP), and K-neighbors (KNR)] were trained involving large dataset (~148000) that represent reflectance spectra obtained from a germanium-antimony-telluride (GST)/silicon dioxide (SiO2)/p-silicon (p-Si)-based dielectric etalon through calibrated transfer matrix method (TMM)-based numerical simulations for different thicknesses and phases of the GST and SiO2, incidence angles and polarization states of the input. The RF model was found to achieve ~0.998 coefficient of determination (R2), minimum mean absolute error (MSE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) while directly predicting different color channels (R, G and B), which was further employed for desired experimental color demonstration (H, S, and V) via fabricated dielectric etalon. Latter was fabricated based on optimized ML model-led accurate geometric and physical parameters.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"38 5","pages":"357-360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145830925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2025.3642138
Sanlu Yi;Yigong Yang;Yu Huang;Pei Zhou;Kuenyao Lau;Nianqiang Li
This study presents an edge detection paradigm implemented on a photonic spiking neuron chip that emulates retinal ganglion cells’ spatiotemporal processing through an integrated distributed feedback laser with a saturable absorber (DFB-SA). According to the chip architecture, the time-to-first-spike encoding scheme is employed to convert pixel data collected from the receptive field (RF) into spatiotemporal spike patterns suitable for processing. Systematic experimental characterizations and numerical simulations with both binary and natural images demonstrate the system’s capability to perform biological plausibility in edge feature extraction. These results establish a pathway for a scalable photon spike network that combines biological plausibility with ultra-low power computing.
{"title":"Experimental Demonstration of Image Edge Detection Using a Photonic Spiking DFB-SA Neuron","authors":"Sanlu Yi;Yigong Yang;Yu Huang;Pei Zhou;Kuenyao Lau;Nianqiang Li","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3642138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3642138","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents an edge detection paradigm implemented on a photonic spiking neuron chip that emulates retinal ganglion cells’ spatiotemporal processing through an integrated distributed feedback laser with a saturable absorber (DFB-SA). According to the chip architecture, the time-to-first-spike encoding scheme is employed to convert pixel data collected from the receptive field (RF) into spatiotemporal spike patterns suitable for processing. Systematic experimental characterizations and numerical simulations with both binary and natural images demonstrate the system’s capability to perform biological plausibility in edge feature extraction. These results establish a pathway for a scalable photon spike network that combines biological plausibility with ultra-low power computing.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"38 6","pages":"361-364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2025.3641929
Zhenyu Chen;Jiameng Dong;Zhaohui Wang;Qingwei Liu;Rui Zhang;Song Yu;Bin Luo
Fiber-optic interferometers are widely used in phase modulation (PM) time transfer systems. To achieve stable phase demodulation, resisting the phase drift within the interferometer is essential. Moreover, using lithium niobate phase modulator in the interferometer inevitably introduces residual intensity modulation (RIM) due to its inherent imperfections. A stable phase control method based on optical power detection is proposed to resist phase drift and concomitantly suppress RIM. Furthermore, the characteristics of phase control at the extremum point (EP) and near-extremum point (NEP) of the interferometric response curve are analyzed and compared. Analysis shows that EP control offers lower demodulation stability but higher sensitivity to intensity fluctuations than NEP control. A fiber-optic time transfer experiment validates the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method and confirms the analysis. The proposed method enhances the interferometer’s demodulation stability and shows good application prospects in phase signal detection.
{"title":"A Phase Control Method With RIM Suppression for PM Fiber-Optic Time Transfer System","authors":"Zhenyu Chen;Jiameng Dong;Zhaohui Wang;Qingwei Liu;Rui Zhang;Song Yu;Bin Luo","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3641929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3641929","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber-optic interferometers are widely used in phase modulation (PM) time transfer systems. To achieve stable phase demodulation, resisting the phase drift within the interferometer is essential. Moreover, using lithium niobate phase modulator in the interferometer inevitably introduces residual intensity modulation (RIM) due to its inherent imperfections. A stable phase control method based on optical power detection is proposed to resist phase drift and concomitantly suppress RIM. Furthermore, the characteristics of phase control at the extremum point (EP) and near-extremum point (NEP) of the interferometric response curve are analyzed and compared. Analysis shows that EP control offers lower demodulation stability but higher sensitivity to intensity fluctuations than NEP control. A fiber-optic time transfer experiment validates the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method and confirms the analysis. The proposed method enhances the interferometer’s demodulation stability and shows good application prospects in phase signal detection.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"38 6","pages":"370-373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145830939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2025.3642043
Wangping Wang;Huiye Qiu;Jinkai Lan
The avalanche ruggedness of GaN ultraviolet avalanche photodiodes (UV-APDs), critical for reliable Geiger-mode operation, is systematically evaluated for the first time via an accelerated stress methodology. APDs with an ultra-shallow bevel edge termination (2.5°) exhibit superior ruggedness, withstanding a static avalanche current density of $10^{2}$ A/cm2 at room temperature and accelerated avalanche stress at $175~^{circ }$ C. In contrast, inherent instabilities are revealed in APDs with a conventional-shallow (12°) bevel edge. Degradation modes observed under stress included avalanche current increase after room-temperature stress and destructive breakdown at high temperature. The degradation mechanism is attributed to the trap-assisted charge dynamics at the mesa sidewall, a process driven by the high local electric field at the mesa sidewall. This degradation is effectively mitigated by the ultra-shallow 2.5°-bevel structure, which significantly reduces the sidewall electric field. The resulting high stability establishes a new benchmark for GaN APD reliability.
GaN紫外雪崩光电二极管（uv - apd）的雪崩坚固性是可靠的盖格模式工作的关键，首次通过加速应力方法系统地评估了雪崩坚固性。在室温下，具有超浅斜角（2.5°）的apd可以承受静态雪崩电流密度为$10^{2}$ a /cm2，以及在$175~^{circ}$ c的加速雪崩应力。相比之下，具有常规浅斜角（12°）的apd则显示出固有的不稳定性。在应力作用下观察到的降解模式包括室温应力作用后雪崩电流增加和高温破坏击穿。该降解机制归因于台地侧壁的陷阱辅助电荷动力学，这一过程是由台地侧壁的高局域电场驱动的。超浅2.5°斜角结构有效地缓解了这种退化，显著降低了侧壁电场。由此产生的高稳定性为GaN APD可靠性建立了新的基准。
{"title":"Rugged GaN UV-APDs via Engineered Bevel-Edge Angle Under Accelerated Avalanche Stress","authors":"Wangping Wang;Huiye Qiu;Jinkai Lan","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3642043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3642043","url":null,"abstract":"The avalanche ruggedness of GaN ultraviolet avalanche photodiodes (UV-APDs), critical for reliable Geiger-mode operation, is systematically evaluated for the first time via an accelerated stress methodology. APDs with an ultra-shallow bevel edge termination (2.5°) exhibit superior ruggedness, withstanding a static avalanche current density of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$10^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> A/cm2 at room temperature and accelerated avalanche stress at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$175~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C. In contrast, inherent instabilities are revealed in APDs with a conventional-shallow (12°) bevel edge. Degradation modes observed under stress included avalanche current increase after room-temperature stress and destructive breakdown at high temperature. The degradation mechanism is attributed to the trap-assisted charge dynamics at the mesa sidewall, a process driven by the high local electric field at the mesa sidewall. This degradation is effectively mitigated by the ultra-shallow 2.5°-bevel structure, which significantly reduces the sidewall electric field. The resulting high stability establishes a new benchmark for GaN APD reliability.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"38 5","pages":"345-348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145830923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Broadband optical waveguiding in an optical nanofiber can give great versatility to nanofiber-optic technology. To date, high-transmittance single-mode waveguiding in a single optical nanofiber in the full visible spectral range remains challenging. Here, by using a commercially available silica fiber with a single-mode cut-off wavelength smaller than 400 nm (Nufern, 405-HP) as the fiber preform, and taper-drawing the fiber into a nanofiber with a standard fabrication technique, we show that the nanofiber can support broadband single-mode waveguiding with high optical transmittance in the full visible spectral range. Quantitatively, a silica nanofiber with a uniform diameter between 210 and 270 nm can support single-mode optical waveguiding with transmittance higher than 96% (i.e., less than 0.18 dB in loss) from 400 to 800-nm wavelength. Such a broadband single-mode nanofiber may find applications including near-field optical coupling, optical interconnection, optical sensing, atom optics and fiber lasers in the broad visible spectral range.
{"title":"High-Transmittance Single-Mode Optical Nanofibers in the Full Visible Spectral Range","authors":"Keying Liu;Jianbin Zhang;Xinyue Zhang;Wei Fang;Xin Guo;Limin Tong","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3642181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3642181","url":null,"abstract":"Broadband optical waveguiding in an optical nanofiber can give great versatility to nanofiber-optic technology. To date, high-transmittance single-mode waveguiding in a single optical nanofiber in the full visible spectral range remains challenging. Here, by using a commercially available silica fiber with a single-mode cut-off wavelength smaller than 400 nm (Nufern, 405-HP) as the fiber preform, and taper-drawing the fiber into a nanofiber with a standard fabrication technique, we show that the nanofiber can support broadband single-mode waveguiding with high optical transmittance in the full visible spectral range. Quantitatively, a silica nanofiber with a uniform diameter between 210 and 270 nm can support single-mode optical waveguiding with transmittance higher than 96% (i.e., less than 0.18 dB in loss) from 400 to 800-nm wavelength. Such a broadband single-mode nanofiber may find applications including near-field optical coupling, optical interconnection, optical sensing, atom optics and fiber lasers in the broad visible spectral range.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"38 6","pages":"382-385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145808594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2025.3638626
Dini Pratiwi;Aleksandr Donodin;Ian Phillips;Wladek Forysiak;Mingming Tan
We compare the long-haul coherent transmission performance of 30 GBaud DP-16-QAM WDM signals using five different S-band optical amplifiers: a thulium doped fiber amplifier (TDFA), a distributed Raman amplifier (DRA) and three different lumped Raman amplifiers (LRAs) using 10 km inverse dispersion fiber (IDF), 10 km, and 5 km Raman optical fibers (ROFs). Over 1050 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF), the DRA performed the best with an SNR of 14.2 dB at the optimum launch power of −2.3 dBm, followed by the TDFA with an SNR of 13.0 dB and the LRA using 10 km IDF with 11.6 dB of SNR.
{"title":"Comparison of S-Band Doped Fiber Amplifier and Raman Amplifiers in Long-Haul Coherent Transmission","authors":"Dini Pratiwi;Aleksandr Donodin;Ian Phillips;Wladek Forysiak;Mingming Tan","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3638626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3638626","url":null,"abstract":"We compare the long-haul coherent transmission performance of 30 GBaud DP-16-QAM WDM signals using five different S-band optical amplifiers: a thulium doped fiber amplifier (TDFA), a distributed Raman amplifier (DRA) and three different lumped Raman amplifiers (LRAs) using 10 km inverse dispersion fiber (IDF), 10 km, and 5 km Raman optical fibers (ROFs). Over 1050 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF), the DRA performed the best with an SNR of 14.2 dB at the optimum launch power of −2.3 dBm, followed by the TDFA with an SNR of 13.0 dB and the LRA using 10 km IDF with 11.6 dB of SNR.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"38 5","pages":"349-352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145830927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, we present the highly temperature-stable 850-nm oxide-aperture vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers with via-hole device structure. The temperature dependence of static and dynamic characteristics of devices are investigated. The output power of 7.13 mW saturating at high thermal rollover current of 12.5 mA at $29~^{circ }$ C and only 2.7 GHz 3-dB optical bandwidth drop over the temperature range from 29 to $85~^{circ }$ C is observed for the VCSEL with a $sim ~4.6~mu $ m oxide-aperture diameter. The thermal resistance of the VCSELs and the internal device temperature are analysed by using the measured optical spectra. The results clearly indicate that the high temperature stability of our devices can be attributed to both improved thermal conductivity benefited from via-hole device structure and optimized quantum well gain-to-etalon wavelength offset.
{"title":"High Temperature Stable 850-nm VCSELs With Improved Device Thermal Conductivity","authors":"Yun Sun;Wenjing Jiang;Meng Xun;Guanzhong Pan;Bingxin Yao;Runze Zhang;Weichao Wu;Dexin Wu","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3637572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3637572","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we present the highly temperature-stable 850-nm oxide-aperture vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers with via-hole device structure. The temperature dependence of static and dynamic characteristics of devices are investigated. The output power of 7.13 mW saturating at high thermal rollover current of 12.5 mA at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$29~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C and only 2.7 GHz 3-dB optical bandwidth drop over the temperature range from 29 to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$85~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>C is observed for the VCSEL with a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$sim ~4.6~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> m oxide-aperture diameter. The thermal resistance of the VCSELs and the internal device temperature are analysed by using the measured optical spectra. The results clearly indicate that the high temperature stability of our devices can be attributed to both improved thermal conductivity benefited from via-hole device structure and optimized quantum well gain-to-etalon wavelength offset.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"38 5","pages":"309-312"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145729476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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