Pub Date : 2024-12-12DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3516355
Yun Fang;Jiahao Wu;Longhui He;Hailong Yang
A compact spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) bandpass filter (BPF) with improved out-of-band rejection is proposed in this letter. By employing a novel folded slotline cell, the filter achieves a 67% reduction in longitudinal size compared to traditional rectangular slotline cells at the same cutoff frequency, and the filter measures $0.88lambda $ g $times 0.16lambda $ g, where $lambda $ g is the guided wavelength at the center frequency, which significantly shortens its electrical length. The lower cutoff frequency is adjusted by the microstrip-slot transition structure, and the higher cutoff frequency is determined by the depth of the SSPPs unit cell groove, which forms a BPF with controllable frequency band. In addition, the performance of the filter with and without unit symmetry is also analyzed, indicating that the filter of making symmetry structure can obtain better performance with the same size. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed filter has a passband of 1.3-4.1GHz, and superior out-of-band suppression. To validate the accuracy of the simulation results, the filter proposed in this study is fabricated and subjected to empirical measurement, and the experimental outcomes confirm the practical feasibility of the proposed design.
{"title":"A Compact Folded Slotline Bandpass Filter Based on SSPPs With Improved Out-of-Band Rejection","authors":"Yun Fang;Jiahao Wu;Longhui He;Hailong Yang","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3516355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3516355","url":null,"abstract":"A compact spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) bandpass filter (BPF) with improved out-of-band rejection is proposed in this letter. By employing a novel folded slotline cell, the filter achieves a 67% reduction in longitudinal size compared to traditional rectangular slotline cells at the same cutoff frequency, and the filter measures \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.88lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000g \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$times 0.16lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000g, where \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000g is the guided wavelength at the center frequency, which significantly shortens its electrical length. The lower cutoff frequency is adjusted by the microstrip-slot transition structure, and the higher cutoff frequency is determined by the depth of the SSPPs unit cell groove, which forms a BPF with controllable frequency band. In addition, the performance of the filter with and without unit symmetry is also analyzed, indicating that the filter of making symmetry structure can obtain better performance with the same size. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed filter has a passband of 1.3-4.1GHz, and superior out-of-band suppression. To validate the accuracy of the simulation results, the filter proposed in this study is fabricated and subjected to empirical measurement, and the experimental outcomes confirm the practical feasibility of the proposed design.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 2","pages":"85-88"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vector curvature fiber sensors have significant applications in many fields. Traditional fiber sensors rely on single peak demodulation, which often leads to inaccurate demodulation results. In this letter, a high-precision vector bending fiber sensor named Remodulate long-period fiber grating(Remodulate LPFG) is designed. We use the Residual multilayer perceptron model, which fully utilizes the information of multiple modes in the full spectrum to predict vector curvature. The results of the experiment show that the prediction accuracy is 99.93% with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.8° for bending direction measurement and 98.92% with an MAE of $0.04~m^{-1}$ for the curvature measurement. Our experiments demonstrate that our model has high precision prediction. The high precision prediction and compacting structure consume Remodulate LPFG can unleash enormous value in engineering applications.
{"title":"Machine Learning Assisted High Precision Vector Bending Sensor Based on Remodulate LPFG","authors":"Chong Niu;Yichao Wang;Yanru Kou;Jiabin Wang;Xiaoyang Li;Jiarui Chen;Xinyu Yang;Chunlian Lu;Tao Geng;Weimin Sun","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3516133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3516133","url":null,"abstract":"Vector curvature fiber sensors have significant applications in many fields. Traditional fiber sensors rely on single peak demodulation, which often leads to inaccurate demodulation results. In this letter, a high-precision vector bending fiber sensor named Remodulate long-period fiber grating(Remodulate LPFG) is designed. We use the Residual multilayer perceptron model, which fully utilizes the information of multiple modes in the full spectrum to predict vector curvature. The results of the experiment show that the prediction accuracy is 99.93% with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.8° for bending direction measurement and 98.92% with an MAE of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.04~m^{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 for the curvature measurement. Our experiments demonstrate that our model has high precision prediction. The high precision prediction and compacting structure consume Remodulate LPFG can unleash enormous value in engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 2","pages":"113-116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-09DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3512946
Hamed Rabbani;Saber Jalilpiran;Jacques Lefebvre;Sophie LaRochelle;Leslie A. Rusch
We investigate reducing pump power requirements in super L-band erbium/ytterbium co-doped fiber amplifiers. We examine several pump configurations and find good trade-offs in performance and power when employing a hybrid pumping scheme that combines forward 915 nm cladding-pumping with backward 1480 nm core-pumping. Using experimental measurements with hybrid pumping, we train a neural network model to predict gain and noise figure. With the fast and precise neural network model, we examine the effect on performance (gain, noise figure and total electrical power consumption) as we vary the percentage of power dedicated to cladding vs. core pumping.
我们研究了如何降低超 L 波段铒/镱共掺光纤放大器对泵浦功率的要求。我们研究了几种泵浦配置，发现在采用混合泵浦方案时，性能和功率的折衷效果很好，该方案结合了前向 915 nm 包层泵浦和后向 1480 nm 芯泵浦。利用混合泵浦的实验测量结果，我们训练了一个神经网络模型来预测增益和噪声系数。利用快速而精确的神经网络模型，我们研究了当包层泵浦与磁芯泵浦的功率百分比不同时对性能（增益、噪声系数和总功耗）的影响。
{"title":"Hybrid Pumping for Optimized Electrical Power Usage in Cladding-Pumped L-Band Amplifiers","authors":"Hamed Rabbani;Saber Jalilpiran;Jacques Lefebvre;Sophie LaRochelle;Leslie A. Rusch","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3512946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3512946","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate reducing pump power requirements in super L-band erbium/ytterbium co-doped fiber amplifiers. We examine several pump configurations and find good trade-offs in performance and power when employing a hybrid pumping scheme that combines forward 915 nm cladding-pumping with backward 1480 nm core-pumping. Using experimental measurements with hybrid pumping, we train a neural network model to predict gain and noise figure. With the fast and precise neural network model, we examine the effect on performance (gain, noise figure and total electrical power consumption) as we vary the percentage of power dedicated to cladding vs. core pumping.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 2","pages":"69-72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142821150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-09DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3513699
Ming Yi Lin
This study explores the relationship between dosage factor (DoF) and scattering ratio (SR) in quantum-dot color conversion films (QDCF) for display technology. Quantum dots (QDs) enable color conversion but induce light scattering, impacting image quality. Using LightTools simulations, we identified three phases: DoF < 0.2 (mm $cdot $ wt%) focuses on color conversion, 0.2 < DoF < 1.6 (mm $cdot $ wt%) shows a linear increase in scattering, and DoF > 1.6 (mm $cdot $ wt%) leads to scattering saturation. The optimal DoF range is 0.25–0.35 (mm $cdot $ wt%), balancing effective color conversion with minimal scattering. This study provides a streamlined approach for designing QDCF displays while maintaining high image quality.
{"title":"Investigating the Impact of Dosage Factor on Scattering and Image Quality in Quantum-Dot Displays","authors":"Ming Yi Lin","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3513699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3513699","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the relationship between dosage factor (DoF) and scattering ratio (SR) in quantum-dot color conversion films (QDCF) for display technology. Quantum dots (QDs) enable color conversion but induce light scattering, impacting image quality. Using LightTools simulations, we identified three phases: DoF < 0.2 (mm\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000wt%) focuses on color conversion, 0.2 < DoF < 1.6 (mm\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000wt%) shows a linear increase in scattering, and DoF > 1.6 (mm\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000wt%) leads to scattering saturation. The optimal DoF range is 0.25–0.35 (mm\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000wt%), balancing effective color conversion with minimal scattering. This study provides a streamlined approach for designing QDCF displays while maintaining high image quality.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 2","pages":"73-76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142821151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report a comprehensive investigation of self-starting mode-locking in linear cavity fiber lasers. Through theoretical analysis and experimental validation, we demonstrate the effectiveness of self-starting mode-locking. This is achieved by employing a compact and simple linear cavity design, along with enhanced intracavity power. Our findings reveal that the short cavity length and high nonlinearity within the laser system are critical factors in satisfying the self-starting conditions. Furthermore, we delve into the underlying principles of nonlinear polarization evolution mode-locking by examining the role of transmissivity. The resulting laser operates at a repetition rate of 736 MHz, delivering an average power of 108 mW and generating pulses with a duration of 99 fs. This compact, robust, and high-repetition-rate femtosecond laser holds significant promise for a wide range of applications.
{"title":"A Self-Starting Linear Cavity Yb:Fiber Laser","authors":"Jinpeng Cao;Ruoao Yang;Bowei Yang;Minghe Zhao;Zhendong Chen;Qian Li;Zhigang Zhang;Meng Zhang","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3513415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3513415","url":null,"abstract":"We report a comprehensive investigation of self-starting mode-locking in linear cavity fiber lasers. Through theoretical analysis and experimental validation, we demonstrate the effectiveness of self-starting mode-locking. This is achieved by employing a compact and simple linear cavity design, along with enhanced intracavity power. Our findings reveal that the short cavity length and high nonlinearity within the laser system are critical factors in satisfying the self-starting conditions. Furthermore, we delve into the underlying principles of nonlinear polarization evolution mode-locking by examining the role of transmissivity. The resulting laser operates at a repetition rate of 736 MHz, delivering an average power of 108 mW and generating pulses with a duration of 99 fs. This compact, robust, and high-repetition-rate femtosecond laser holds significant promise for a wide range of applications.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 3","pages":"117-120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A magnetic fluid filled fiber microcavity magnetic field vector sensor cascaded with a FBG is proposed for simultaneous measurement of magnetic field and temperature. The microcavity Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structure is formed through the splicing three sections of single-mode fibers with a large lateral offset. Due to the axial asymmetry structure, the microcavity MZI can recognize the direction change of magnetic field and realize vector sensing. The maximum sensitivity to magnetic field direction is −0.275 nm/°. Through monitoring the spectral shifts of the MZI and FBG, we can measure magnetic field and temperature simultaneously. The sensor exhibits the magnetic field and temperature sensitivities of −2.144 nm/mT in the range of 10 to 15 mT and 1.751 nm/°C in the range of $22.5~^{circ }$ C to $55~^{circ }$ C. Additionally, the temperature sensitivity of FBG is 0.0098 nm/°C. The proposed fiber magnetic field vector sensor offers advantages such as high sensitivity, compact structure and easy to fabrication, making it highly promising in the applications of magnetic field sensing.
{"title":"Fiber Microcavity Magnetic Field Vector Sensor With Temperature Compensation Using a FBG","authors":"Guiyu Wang;Yao Wu;Xinhang Guan;Xuefeng Chen;Xiujuan Yu","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3509920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3509920","url":null,"abstract":"A magnetic fluid filled fiber microcavity magnetic field vector sensor cascaded with a FBG is proposed for simultaneous measurement of magnetic field and temperature. The microcavity Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structure is formed through the splicing three sections of single-mode fibers with a large lateral offset. Due to the axial asymmetry structure, the microcavity MZI can recognize the direction change of magnetic field and realize vector sensing. The maximum sensitivity to magnetic field direction is −0.275 nm/°. Through monitoring the spectral shifts of the MZI and FBG, we can measure magnetic field and temperature simultaneously. The sensor exhibits the magnetic field and temperature sensitivities of −2.144 nm/mT in the range of 10 to 15 mT and 1.751 nm/°C in the range of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$22.5~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000C to \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$55~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000C. Additionally, the temperature sensitivity of FBG is 0.0098 nm/°C. The proposed fiber magnetic field vector sensor offers advantages such as high sensitivity, compact structure and easy to fabrication, making it highly promising in the applications of magnetic field sensing.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 3","pages":"121-124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-05DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3512182
Jiahe Li;Yafei Meng;Fengqiu Wang
Spatiotemporal mode-locking has attracted widespread attention in recent years, because it provides an excellent platform to explore the intriguing transverse mode dynamics, an area that has not been extensively studied both theoretically or experimentally. Mode-locking induced beam aggregation is a most relevant phenomenon, as it may reveal how the spatial and temporal degrees of freedom interplay to meet the mode-locking conditions in a realistic setting. However, report on observation of this phenomenon has been scarce, and it is not yet possible to provide detailed analysis of such an effect. In this work, we investigate mode-locking induced beam aggregation in a Ho-doped Figure-9 spatiotemporal mode-locked laser. The laser is configured in a way so that the intra-cavity multimode beam profile can be characterized in an in-situ manner. We show unambiguously that it is essential to use the in-situ method, as multimode fiber output couplers may generate two beams with completely different transverse modes, therefore potentially leading to misleading interpretation of intra-cavity mode distribution. A number of beam aggregation snapshots are successfully obtained, each corresponding to a different intra-cavity mode excitation, as controlled by offset splicing. Also, our laser is the first demonstration of spatiotemporal mode-locked laser in the Ho-doped fiber band ( $sim 2.1~mu $ m). It is believed that the results reported here enrich the observations of mode-locking induced beam aggregation, and point to the importance of in-situ beam profile characterization in interpreting dynamics of spatiotemporal mode-locking.
{"title":"In-Situ Observation of Beam Aggregation in a Ho-Doped Figure-9 Spatiotemporal Mode-Locked Laser","authors":"Jiahe Li;Yafei Meng;Fengqiu Wang","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3512182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3512182","url":null,"abstract":"Spatiotemporal mode-locking has attracted widespread attention in recent years, because it provides an excellent platform to explore the intriguing transverse mode dynamics, an area that has not been extensively studied both theoretically or experimentally. Mode-locking induced beam aggregation is a most relevant phenomenon, as it may reveal how the spatial and temporal degrees of freedom interplay to meet the mode-locking conditions in a realistic setting. However, report on observation of this phenomenon has been scarce, and it is not yet possible to provide detailed analysis of such an effect. In this work, we investigate mode-locking induced beam aggregation in a Ho-doped Figure-9 spatiotemporal mode-locked laser. The laser is configured in a way so that the intra-cavity multimode beam profile can be characterized in an in-situ manner. We show unambiguously that it is essential to use the in-situ method, as multimode fiber output couplers may generate two beams with completely different transverse modes, therefore potentially leading to misleading interpretation of intra-cavity mode distribution. A number of beam aggregation snapshots are successfully obtained, each corresponding to a different intra-cavity mode excitation, as controlled by offset splicing. Also, our laser is the first demonstration of spatiotemporal mode-locked laser in the Ho-doped fiber band (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$sim 2.1~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m). It is believed that the results reported here enrich the observations of mode-locking induced beam aggregation, and point to the importance of in-situ beam profile characterization in interpreting dynamics of spatiotemporal mode-locking.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 2","pages":"97-100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A temperature-compensated humidity sensor based on hole-assisted three-core fiber (HATCF) has been demonstrated. The three cores of HATCF act as two in-fiber directional couplers with a common communal direct-passing arm. The simultaneous measurement of temperature and humidity is achieved by integrating the refractive index matching solution and agarose film into the two in-fiber directional couplers respectively. The measured temperature and RH sensitivities are 3.399 nm/°C and 0.043 nm/%RH, respectively. Due to the capability of temperature compensation, the proposed sensor has the potential to be used for high precision humidity measurement.
{"title":"Temperature-Compensated Humidity Sensor Based on Hole-Assisted Three-Core Fiber","authors":"Can Yang;Jing Yang;Shan Gao;Yao Bai;Guopei Mao;Zheng Zhu;Jinhui Shi;Jun Yang;Libo Yuan;Chunying Guan","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3512178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3512178","url":null,"abstract":"A temperature-compensated humidity sensor based on hole-assisted three-core fiber (HATCF) has been demonstrated. The three cores of HATCF act as two in-fiber directional couplers with a common communal direct-passing arm. The simultaneous measurement of temperature and humidity is achieved by integrating the refractive index matching solution and agarose film into the two in-fiber directional couplers respectively. The measured temperature and RH sensitivities are 3.399 nm/°C and 0.043 nm/%RH, respectively. Due to the capability of temperature compensation, the proposed sensor has the potential to be used for high precision humidity measurement.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 2","pages":"77-80"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142821149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-05DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3512184
Choloong Hahn;Junho Chang;Zhiping Jiang
Noise is an inevitable phenomenon in optical data transmission systems, significantly impacting data quality. While noise has been a disturbance that researchers have made substantial efforts to mitigate, at the same time, it is a rich source of information about the underlying system. By comprehending the noise characteristics, we can deepen our understanding of the entire system including the topologies, performances, and even dynamics. Nonetheless, a challenge persists because the only noise we encounter is the cumulative one at the receiver, making it impossible to decompose the noise contributions by their source locations without specialized physical devices in the middle of the transmission link. This letter aims to shift the perspective on noise by exploring the potential insights gained through the analysis of noise inherently embedded in signals. We propose an innovative approach that leverages the received noise to trace back distributed link noise, eliminating the need of optical monitoring devices. By regenerating local nonlinear distortions using the received signal and employing correlation-based methods, we experimentally demonstrate the local noise detection and generalized optical signal-to-noise ratio estimation with commercial transceivers.
{"title":"Trace Back Method of the Distributed Noise in Optical Transmission Systems","authors":"Choloong Hahn;Junho Chang;Zhiping Jiang","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3512184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3512184","url":null,"abstract":"Noise is an inevitable phenomenon in optical data transmission systems, significantly impacting data quality. While noise has been a disturbance that researchers have made substantial efforts to mitigate, at the same time, it is a rich source of information about the underlying system. By comprehending the noise characteristics, we can deepen our understanding of the entire system including the topologies, performances, and even dynamics. Nonetheless, a challenge persists because the only noise we encounter is the cumulative one at the receiver, making it impossible to decompose the noise contributions by their source locations without specialized physical devices in the middle of the transmission link. This letter aims to shift the perspective on noise by exploring the potential insights gained through the analysis of noise inherently embedded in signals. We propose an innovative approach that leverages the received noise to trace back distributed link noise, eliminating the need of optical monitoring devices. By regenerating local nonlinear distortions using the received signal and employing correlation-based methods, we experimentally demonstrate the local noise detection and generalized optical signal-to-noise ratio estimation with commercial transceivers.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 2","pages":"81-84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142821218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A high-sensitivity optical fiber temperature sensor based on the vernier sampling of tunable laser was proposed. The sensor contains only one fiber Sagnac interferometer (FSI), and the Vernier effect is achieved by controlling the sampling interval of the tunable narrow-band laser. When the wavelength sampling interval of the tunable laser is close but not equal to the free spectral range (FSR) of the FSI, the spectrum received by the optical power meter will be the envelope generated by the Vernier effect. The experimental results show that for the FSI with an FSR of 2.47 nm, when the sampling interval of 2.78 nm, which is slightly greater than the FSR of the FSI, is selected, an interference spectrum envelope is obtained, and its temperature sensitivity is about 9.1 times that of the FSI. The results prove that vernier sampling is feasible to improve the sensitivity of a single FSI, and its advantage is that the sampling interval can be flexibly controlled to achieve different sensitivity magnifications.
{"title":"High Sensitivity Fiber Optic Temperature Sensor Based on Tunable Laser Vernier Sampling","authors":"Yuqiang Yang;Zhihao Huang;Yitong Li;Han Xia;Chengyu Mo;Yuting Li;Yuying Zhang","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3511652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2024.3511652","url":null,"abstract":"A high-sensitivity optical fiber temperature sensor based on the vernier sampling of tunable laser was proposed. The sensor contains only one fiber Sagnac interferometer (FSI), and the Vernier effect is achieved by controlling the sampling interval of the tunable narrow-band laser. When the wavelength sampling interval of the tunable laser is close but not equal to the free spectral range (FSR) of the FSI, the spectrum received by the optical power meter will be the envelope generated by the Vernier effect. The experimental results show that for the FSI with an FSR of 2.47 nm, when the sampling interval of 2.78 nm, which is slightly greater than the FSR of the FSI, is selected, an interference spectrum envelope is obtained, and its temperature sensitivity is about 9.1 times that of the FSI. The results prove that vernier sampling is feasible to improve the sensitivity of a single FSI, and its advantage is that the sampling interval can be flexibly controlled to achieve different sensitivity magnifications.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 2","pages":"93-96"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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