Pub Date : 2024-07-31DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3434993
Xiaoyu Liu;Weiying Yang;Zhiyang Liu;Shilin Xiao
A rate-flexible hybrid constellation shaping (HCS) is proposed and demonstrated in polar-coded discrete multi-tone (DMT) free-space optical (FSO) communications. This joint design considers the constraints of geometry and probabilities in coded modulations to maximize the channel capacity and flexibly adjusts the parameters according to the data rates. Compared to the regular scheme over free-space links, the capacity of the proposed scheme at different data rates is improved by about 0.25 bits/ symbol when the launch power is -6dBm. And the power budgets of our approach with polar codes are saved more than 1.0 dB at the bit error rate of ${10}^{-4}$ . Even in weak turbulence conditions, the Q2 factor of the proposed maintains the maximum and is improved by $1.84sim 3.40$ dB than the regular scheme, indicating its better ability to combat turbulence.
{"title":"Performance Enhancement of FEC-Coded 32QAM DMT Signals With Rate-Flexible HCS in FSO Systems","authors":"Xiaoyu Liu;Weiying Yang;Zhiyang Liu;Shilin Xiao","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3434993","DOIUrl":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3434993","url":null,"abstract":"A rate-flexible hybrid constellation shaping (HCS) is proposed and demonstrated in polar-coded discrete multi-tone (DMT) free-space optical (FSO) communications. This joint design considers the constraints of geometry and probabilities in coded modulations to maximize the channel capacity and flexibly adjusts the parameters according to the data rates. Compared to the regular scheme over free-space links, the capacity of the proposed scheme at different data rates is improved by about 0.25 bits/ symbol when the launch power is -6dBm. And the power budgets of our approach with polar codes are saved more than 1.0 dB at the bit error rate of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${10}^{-4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000. Even in weak turbulence conditions, the Q2 factor of the proposed maintains the maximum and is improved by \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.84sim 3.40$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000dB than the regular scheme, indicating its better ability to combat turbulence.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-30DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3435733
Lu Qin;Shaoqiang Bi;Ran Chen;Yiyang Zhao;Jingqi Shi;Hengbiao Zhang;Zongliang Wang
A two-component gas sensor based on Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (QEPAS) and Light-Induced Thermoelastic Spectroscopy (LITES) was realized by the time-division multiplexing technique. Two off-beam acoustic microresonator (AMRs) were used in the experiment for twice excitation and enhancement of QEPAS signal. The four fiber collimators were connected with the two off-beam AMRs to be responsible for laser propagation in the two AMRs. After passing through the second AMR, the laser beam was incident to the sidewall of the quartz tuning fork (QTF) by the fiber collimator 5 for the excitation of the LITES signal, which realized the superposition of QEPAS signals and LITES signal on a single QTF. The time-division operation of distributed feedback lasers was realized by optical switches to accomplish the detection of C2H2 and CH4. The experimental results showed that the minimum detection limits of C2H2 and CH4 were 2.06 ppmv and 7.14 ppmv, respectively, which proved that the gas sensor had good sensing performance.
{"title":"Two-Component Gas Sensor of Time-Division Multiplexing Technique Based on QEPAS and LITES","authors":"Lu Qin;Shaoqiang Bi;Ran Chen;Yiyang Zhao;Jingqi Shi;Hengbiao Zhang;Zongliang Wang","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3435733","DOIUrl":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3435733","url":null,"abstract":"A two-component gas sensor based on Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (QEPAS) and Light-Induced Thermoelastic Spectroscopy (LITES) was realized by the time-division multiplexing technique. Two off-beam acoustic microresonator (AMRs) were used in the experiment for twice excitation and enhancement of QEPAS signal. The four fiber collimators were connected with the two off-beam AMRs to be responsible for laser propagation in the two AMRs. After passing through the second AMR, the laser beam was incident to the sidewall of the quartz tuning fork (QTF) by the fiber collimator 5 for the excitation of the LITES signal, which realized the superposition of QEPAS signals and LITES signal on a single QTF. The time-division operation of distributed feedback lasers was realized by optical switches to accomplish the detection of C2H2 and CH4. The experimental results showed that the minimum detection limits of C2H2 and CH4 were 2.06 ppmv and 7.14 ppmv, respectively, which proved that the gas sensor had good sensing performance.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3434950
Guotai Liu;Rui Yang;Cheng Zhu;Zenghu Fan
We demonstrate the dynamically switching of the ultra-wideband absorption and the broadband polarization conversion through a bi-functional hybrid meta-surface design consisting of periodic stacked vanadium-dioxide (VO2) rings coated with graphene resonators. More specifically, such a hybrid graphene VO2 meta-surface is capable of trapping electromagnetic fields with more than 95% absorption rate from 1.43 to 8.96 THz when we impose 0 eV Fermi energy level over the graphene array with conducting-state VO2. On the other hand, highly efficient linear-to-circular polarization conversion with greater than 0.95 ellipticity can be achieved from 1.24 to 3.57 THz when the graphene Fermi energy level is set as 1 eV with insulating-state VO2. The design scheme using hybrid meta-surfaces with contemporary tunable materials to achieve ultra-wide band reconfigurable multi-functionalities, should pave the way for more advanced manipulations of electromagnetic fields.
{"title":"Bi-Functional Meta-Surfaces for Ultra-Wideband Absorption and Broadband Polarization Conversion","authors":"Guotai Liu;Rui Yang;Cheng Zhu;Zenghu Fan","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3434950","DOIUrl":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3434950","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate the dynamically switching of the ultra-wideband absorption and the broadband polarization conversion through a bi-functional hybrid meta-surface design consisting of periodic stacked vanadium-dioxide (VO2) rings coated with graphene resonators. More specifically, such a hybrid graphene VO2 meta-surface is capable of trapping electromagnetic fields with more than 95% absorption rate from 1.43 to 8.96 THz when we impose 0 eV Fermi energy level over the graphene array with conducting-state VO2. On the other hand, highly efficient linear-to-circular polarization conversion with greater than 0.95 ellipticity can be achieved from 1.24 to 3.57 THz when the graphene Fermi energy level is set as 1 eV with insulating-state VO2. The design scheme using hybrid meta-surfaces with contemporary tunable materials to achieve ultra-wide band reconfigurable multi-functionalities, should pave the way for more advanced manipulations of electromagnetic fields.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lithium niobate modulators have primarily been fabricated on chip-level or 4/6-inch wafers. Here, thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) electro-optic Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZM) are demonstrated for the first time on an 8-inch silicon substrate. The fabricated LN modulator has an on-chip loss of less than 1 dB with a waveguide loss of lower than 0.5 dB/cm. The half-wave voltage- length product (V $pi cdot $ L) is 3.12 V $cdot $ cm in the C-band at a 0.5 cm modulation length, and the corresponding 3-dB bandwidth of the electro-optic response is beyond 67 GHz. All specifications are state-of-the-art. These results provide the basis for the industrialization of the TFLN platform with better balance between performance and cost.
{"title":"High-Performance Thin-Film Lithium Niobate Mach–Zehnder Modulator on 8-inch Silicon Substrates","authors":"Jingjie Zhou;Liming Lv;Zhanshi Yao;Shiyang Zhu;Yuxi Wang;Qingyu Cong;Zhaoyi Li;Zuowen Fan;Xianfeng Zeng;Ting Hu;Lianxi Jia","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3434542","DOIUrl":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3434542","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium niobate modulators have primarily been fabricated on chip-level or 4/6-inch wafers. Here, thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) electro-optic Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZM) are demonstrated for the first time on an 8-inch silicon substrate. The fabricated LN modulator has an on-chip loss of less than 1 dB with a waveguide loss of lower than 0.5 dB/cm. The half-wave voltage- length product (V\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$pi cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 L) is 3.12 V\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 cm in the C-band at a 0.5 cm modulation length, and the corresponding 3-dB bandwidth of the electro-optic response is beyond 67 GHz. All specifications are state-of-the-art. These results provide the basis for the industrialization of the TFLN platform with better balance between performance and cost.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3435538
Xinjie Zhang;Jibin Wei;Jing Sun;Zengrun Wen;Yangjian Cai;Weiming Wang
High resolution is important properties of the compact microscopy in the point-of-care testing (POCT) and management of various infectious diseases. However, the current high-resolution compact microscopy usually has complicated algorithm at the expense of real-time. This letter experimentally demonstrated a method to improve the resolution of compact microscope by employing the microsphere, in combination with the tube lens placed on the small-end of the fiber optic array (FOA) which termed MLFOA. This device achieves an impressive resolution of <430nm> $430mu $ m $^{mathbf {2}}$ without using any algorithm processing and film, the highest among the compact microscopes to our best knowledge. The material (refractive index, NA), the diameter, the light wavelength, immerse liquid of the microsphere is measured by using the MLFOA. The device can potentially be expandable for the point-of-care testing (POCT) detection.
在各种传染病的床旁检测（POCT）和管理中，高分辨率是紧凑型显微镜的重要特性。然而，目前的高分辨率紧凑型显微镜通常算法复杂，牺牲了实时性。这封信通过实验证明了一种提高紧凑型显微镜分辨率的方法，即在光纤阵列（FOA）的小端采用微球与管透镜相结合的方法，这种方法被称为 MLFOA。在不使用任何算法处理和胶片的情况下，该设备的分辨率达到了惊人的 $430mu $ m $^{mathbf{2}}$，是我们所知的紧凑型显微镜中最高的。使用 MLFOA 可以测量微球的材料（折射率，NA）、直径、光波长和浸入液体。该设备可扩展用于护理点检测（POCT）。
{"title":"Enhanced High-Resolution Compact Microscopy Based on the Fiber Optic Array and Microsphere","authors":"Xinjie Zhang;Jibin Wei;Jing Sun;Zengrun Wen;Yangjian Cai;Weiming Wang","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3435538","DOIUrl":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3435538","url":null,"abstract":"High resolution is important properties of the compact microscopy in the point-of-care testing (POCT) and management of various infectious diseases. However, the current high-resolution compact microscopy usually has complicated algorithm at the expense of real-time. This letter experimentally demonstrated a method to improve the resolution of compact microscope by employing the microsphere, in combination with the tube lens placed on the small-end of the fiber optic array (FOA) which termed MLFOA. This device achieves an impressive resolution of <430nm> <tex-math>$430mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$^{mathbf {2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 without using any algorithm processing and film, the highest among the compact microscopes to our best knowledge. The material (refractive index, NA), the diameter, the light wavelength, immerse liquid of the microsphere is measured by using the MLFOA. The device can potentially be expandable for the point-of-care testing (POCT) detection.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3434601
Daniel J. Rogers;Haotian Xue;Fred A. Kish;Fu-Chen Hsiao;Bardia Pezeshki;Alexander Tselikov;Jonathan J. Wierer
Gallium-nitride-based, blue micro-light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs) with electro-optical −3 dB modulation bandwidths of 3.73 GHz at 11 kA/cm2 at room temperature and 4.00 GHz at 9 kA/cm2 at 200°C are reported. These bandwidths are the highest reported thus far for micro-LEDs. The micro-LEDs operate at high temperatures, up to 400°C, and bandwidths improve with increased temperatures. The lifetimes and recombination rates of the micro-LEDs active layer are determined by measuring and analyzing the impedance, modulation response, and radiative efficiency. This analysis shows increasing bandwidths with increasing current density and temperature resulting from dominant non-radiative lifetimes.
据报道，基于氮化镓的蓝色微型发光二极管（micro-LED）在室温下 11 kA/cm2 时的电光 -3 dB 调制带宽为 3.73 GHz，在 200°C 下 9 kA/cm2 时的带宽为 4.00 GHz。这些带宽是迄今所报道的微型 LED 的最高带宽。微型 LED 可在高达 400°C 的高温下工作，带宽随着温度的升高而提高。通过测量和分析阻抗、调制响应和辐射效率，确定了微型 LED 有源层的寿命和重组率。分析结果表明，随着电流密度和温度的增加，带宽也会增加，这是因为非辐射寿命占主导地位。
{"title":"High Bandwidth GaN-Based Micro-LEDs at Temperatures up to 400 ∘C","authors":"Daniel J. Rogers;Haotian Xue;Fred A. Kish;Fu-Chen Hsiao;Bardia Pezeshki;Alexander Tselikov;Jonathan J. Wierer","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3434601","DOIUrl":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3434601","url":null,"abstract":"Gallium-nitride-based, blue micro-light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs) with electro-optical −3 dB modulation bandwidths of 3.73 GHz at 11 kA/cm2 at room temperature and 4.00 GHz at 9 kA/cm2 at 200°C are reported. These bandwidths are the highest reported thus far for micro-LEDs. The micro-LEDs operate at high temperatures, up to 400°C, and bandwidths improve with increased temperatures. The lifetimes and recombination rates of the micro-LEDs active layer are determined by measuring and analyzing the impedance, modulation response, and radiative efficiency. This analysis shows increasing bandwidths with increasing current density and temperature resulting from dominant non-radiative lifetimes.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-29DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3434640
Istvan Bence Kovacs;Md. Saifuddin Faruk;Adrian Wonfor;Seb J. Savory
We demonstrate 200 Gb/s bidirectional coherent PON solutions using a simplified optical network unit (ONU) over 19 km of field-installed fiber. The ONU receiver is a single-polarization heterodyne detector with either a balanced or a single-ended photodetector and the transmitter is based on dual-polarization electro-absorption modulated laser (EML). The optical line terminal (OLT) uses standard dual-polarization coherent transceivers. The downstream solutions achieve 37 dB and 30.5 dB power budget for the receiver with balanced and single-ended photodiodes, respectively. For the upstream, two line rates have been investigated: 200 Gb/s/ $lambda $ for symmetrical transmission and 100 Gb/s/ $lambda $ for asymmetric transmission achieving a power budget of 30.1 dB and 40.9 dB respectively.
{"title":"200 Gb/s/λ Bidirectional Coherent PON Solutions Demonstrated Over Field Installed Fiber","authors":"Istvan Bence Kovacs;Md. Saifuddin Faruk;Adrian Wonfor;Seb J. Savory","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3434640","DOIUrl":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3434640","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate 200 Gb/s bidirectional coherent PON solutions using a simplified optical network unit (ONU) over 19 km of field-installed fiber. The ONU receiver is a single-polarization heterodyne detector with either a balanced or a single-ended photodetector and the transmitter is based on dual-polarization electro-absorption modulated laser (EML). The optical line terminal (OLT) uses standard dual-polarization coherent transceivers. The downstream solutions achieve 37 dB and 30.5 dB power budget for the receiver with balanced and single-ended photodiodes, respectively. For the upstream, two line rates have been investigated: 200 Gb/s/\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 for symmetrical transmission and 100 Gb/s/\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 for asymmetric transmission achieving a power budget of 30.1 dB and 40.9 dB respectively.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141866394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this letter, we present the results of the study of the pyroelectric effect in Ti:LiNbO3 titanium diffusion waveguides formed on an X-cut substrate, which are the basis for the creation of phase modulators. This letter presents an analysis of the contribution of pyroelectric phase drift, its magnitude, and the relaxation time characteristics of the charges causing the drift. The measurements were carried out interferometrically in the circuit of a fiber-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The final part of the experimental study shows the results of significant suppression of the pyroelectric effect in the modulator. Moreover, reductive annealing of the crystal in hydrogen-nitrogen medium does not deteriorate the optical transmission properties of the waveguide. The prospective application of this method in the fabrication of Ti:LiNbO3 phase modulators is also evaluated.
在这封信中，我们介绍了在 X 切割基底上形成的 Ti:LiNbO3 钛扩散波导中热释电效应的研究结果，该波导是创建相位调制器的基础。这封信分析了热释电相位漂移的贡献、漂移的幅度以及导致漂移的电荷的弛豫时间特性。测量是在光纤马赫-泽恩德干涉仪电路中以干涉测量法进行的。实验研究的最后一部分显示，调制器中的热释电效应得到了显著抑制。此外，在氢氮介质中对晶体进行还原性退火也不会降低波导的光学传输性能。研究还评估了这种方法在制造 Ti:LiNbO3 相调制器中的应用前景。
{"title":"The Influence of Pyroelectric Effect on the Stability of Optical Parameters in Ti:LiNbO3 Modulators","authors":"Alena Shulepova;Stanislav Aksarin;Vladimir Shulepov;Vladimir Strigalev","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3433409","DOIUrl":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3433409","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we present the results of the study of the pyroelectric effect in Ti:LiNbO3 titanium diffusion waveguides formed on an X-cut substrate, which are the basis for the creation of phase modulators. This letter presents an analysis of the contribution of pyroelectric phase drift, its magnitude, and the relaxation time characteristics of the charges causing the drift. The measurements were carried out interferometrically in the circuit of a fiber-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The final part of the experimental study shows the results of significant suppression of the pyroelectric effect in the modulator. Moreover, reductive annealing of the crystal in hydrogen-nitrogen medium does not deteriorate the optical transmission properties of the waveguide. The prospective application of this method in the fabrication of Ti:LiNbO3 phase modulators is also evaluated.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141770035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spatiotemporal mode-locked (STML) fiber lasers exhibit potential for high-average-power output owing to larger mode field diameter in multimode fibers and great pump tolerance. However, the average power from the most of the reported STML lasers still remains in the order of several hundred milliwatts, or even lower, contrary to the virtues of multimode fibers. In this work, we construct an all-fiber Mamyshev STML laser and experimentally explore the influence of cavity losses on average power. By optimizing spatial mode filtering, regulating intra-cavity nonlinearity and compensating inter-modal group delay differences, spatiotemporal pulses with average power/pulse energy up to 2 W/135 nJ can be obtained with 2.2 ps temporal widths. Our study substantially expands the design possibilities for more powerful all-fiber STML lasers, rendering them much more amenable for practical implementation.
{"title":"Route to All-Fiber Mamyshev Spatiotemporal Mode-Locked Laser With High Average Power/Pulse Energy","authors":"Jintao Qiu;Xinhe Dou;Bole Song;Feihong Qiao;Xiang Li;Shan Wang;Zhiguo Lv","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3432875","DOIUrl":"10.1109/LPT.2024.3432875","url":null,"abstract":"Spatiotemporal mode-locked (STML) fiber lasers exhibit potential for high-average-power output owing to larger mode field diameter in multimode fibers and great pump tolerance. However, the average power from the most of the reported STML lasers still remains in the order of several hundred milliwatts, or even lower, contrary to the virtues of multimode fibers. In this work, we construct an all-fiber Mamyshev STML laser and experimentally explore the influence of cavity losses on average power. By optimizing spatial mode filtering, regulating intra-cavity nonlinearity and compensating inter-modal group delay differences, spatiotemporal pulses with average power/pulse energy up to 2 W/135 nJ can be obtained with 2.2 ps temporal widths. Our study substantially expands the design possibilities for more powerful all-fiber STML lasers, rendering them much more amenable for practical implementation.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141770037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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