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Multimode Optical Fiber Sensor Modified With Gold Nanorod Arrays 用金纳米棒阵列改进的多模光纤传感器
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3447710
Haibin Ni;Xuzhi Gao;Jun Tian;Tong Cai;Yi Shen;Bo Ni;Jianhua Chang
This letter presents the design and fabrication of a multimode fiber sensor, enhanced with a gold nanorod (GNR) array to improve its refractive index sensitivity. The cladding is etched with hydrofluoric acid (HF) to allow light leakage from the core, followed by magnetron sputtering of a 40 nm thick silver film onto the fiber surface. Subsequently, a GNR array, prepared using the anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template method, is transferred onto the silver film. Compared to sensors with only a silver film on the fiber, the sensor with the GNR array exhibited a 31.85% increase in refractive index sensitivity. Furthermore, the GNR on the sensor was coated with the humidity-sensitive material polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to measure environmental relative humidity. The results indicate that the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak wavelength shift has a strong linear correlation with relative humidity within the range of 30-80% RH, achieving a sensitivity of 0.431 nm/%RH.
这封信介绍了一种多模光纤传感器的设计和制造方法,该传感器使用金纳米棒 (GNR) 阵列进行增强,以提高其折射率灵敏度。先用氢氟酸(HF)蚀刻包层,使光从纤芯泄漏,然后在光纤表面磁控溅射一层 40 纳米厚的银膜。随后,使用阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板法制备的 GNR 阵列被转移到银膜上。与光纤上仅有一层银膜的传感器相比,带有 GNR 阵列的传感器的折射率灵敏度提高了 31.85%。此外,传感器上的 GNR 还涂有湿度敏感材料聚乙烯醇 (PVA),用于测量环境相对湿度。结果表明,在 30-80% 相对湿度范围内,表面等离子体共振 (SPR) 峰值波长偏移与相对湿度有很强的线性关系,灵敏度达到 0.431 nm/%RH。
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引用次数: 0
Long-Distance Quasi-Distributed FBG Sensor System Based on Time-Division Multiplexing 基于时分复用技术的远距离准分布式 FBG 传感器系统
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3447012
Keiji Kuroda
This letter reports time-division multiplexed interrogation of fiber Bragg gratings distributed in a single long fiber. A heterodyne detection technique is used to sensitively detect weak reflections from fiber Bragg gratings. Reflection spectra of three fiber Bragg gratings located at 14 m, 2 km, and 42 km, each with a reflectivity of 1%, are simultaneously observed with sufficient signal-to-noise ratios.
这封信报告了对分布在单根长光纤中的光纤布拉格光栅进行时分复用探测的情况。异频探测技术用于灵敏地探测光纤布拉格光栅的微弱反射。同时观测到位于 14 米、2 千米和 42 千米处的三个光纤布拉格光栅的反射光谱,每个光栅的反射率为 1%,信噪比足够高。
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引用次数: 0
Implicit Adaptive Moment Estimation Method for On-Chip Metasurface Design and Optimization 用于片上元表面设计和优化的隐式自适应矩估计方法
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3447027
Yubin Zang;Simin Li;Fangzheng Zhang;Zuxing Zhang;Hongwei Chen
In this letter, we present a new implicit optimizing method for optical device’s or system’s design and optimization. This method, derived from the traditional adaptive moment estimation algorithm which has been more and more frequently adopted in disciplinary fields of artificially intelligence, provides one potential feasible way of directly optimizing photonic systems or device without the help of extra AI or mathematical models which need to be established and trained in most cases of AI photonics. Moreover, optimizing efficiency are prominently promoted since this method takes gradient information into consideration to guide the optimization. This method’s fidelity and performance is demonstrated under the case of designing on-chip metasurface structured photonic logic gates.
在这封信中,我们提出了一种新的隐式优化方法,用于光学设备或系统的设计和优化。这种方法源自传统的自适应矩估计算法,在人工智能学科领域被越来越多地采用,它为直接优化光子系统或设备提供了一种潜在的可行方法,而无需借助额外的人工智能或数学模型,因为在大多数人工智能光子学案例中,这些模型都需要建立和训练。此外,由于这种方法考虑到梯度信息来指导优化,因此能显著提高优化效率。在设计片上元表面结构光子逻辑门的案例中,演示了该方法的保真度和性能。
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引用次数: 0
Single-End-Access BOCDA Enabled by Multi-Core Fiber for Dynamic Strain Measurements 多芯光纤支持单端接入 BOCDA,用于动态应变测量
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3446892
Huan He;Shuyan Chen;Zhiyong Zhao;Dongmei Huang;Ming Tang
We propose and demonstrate a single-end-access dynamic Brillouin optical correlation-domain analysis sensor based on the multi-core fiber (MCF) and lock-in-amplifier-free detection scheme. The pump and the probe are individually injected into two cores at the same end of a 7-core MCF, where the cores are directly connected at the other end through fan-in/fan-out couplers to achieve single-ended access. Using another pair of cores as a reference path, the Brillouin gain information along two sensing cores is extracted through power subtraction processing, which eliminates the additional reference fiber links and further suppresses the parasitic intensity modulation noise. A measurement accuracy of 1.41 MHz is achieved at a 200-kHz sampling rate. Sensing information from two sensing cores are simultaneously acquired, allowing longitudinal and radial strain measurements. For proof of concept, measurements of up to 1-kHz longitudinal vibration and a 13.1-Hz radial bending-induced vibration are successfully demonstrated with 10-cm spatial resolution, showing great potential for fast high-resolution dynamic strain measurement.
我们提出并演示了一种基于多芯光纤(MCF)和无锁相放大器探测方案的单端接入动态布里渊光相关域分析传感器。泵浦和探头分别注入 7 芯 MCF 同一端的两个纤芯,纤芯的另一端通过扇入/扇出耦合器直接连接,实现单端接入。使用另一对纤芯作为参考路径,通过功率减法处理提取两个传感纤芯沿线的布里渊增益信息,从而消除了额外的参考光纤链路,并进一步抑制了寄生强度调制噪声。在 200 kHz 采样率下,测量精度达到 1.41 MHz。可同时获取两个传感芯的传感信息,从而进行纵向和径向应变测量。作为概念验证,成功演示了高达 1 千赫兹的纵向振动和 13.1 千赫兹的径向弯曲引起的振动测量,空间分辨率为 10 厘米,显示了快速高分辨率动态应变测量的巨大潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of Long-Haul C+L+S Systems by Means of a Closed Form EGN Model 利用封闭式 EGN 模型优化长途 C+L+S 系统
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3445727
Y. Jiang;J. Sarkis;A. Nespola;F. Forghieri;S. Piciaccia;A. Tanzi;M. Ranjbar Zefreh;P. Poggiolini
We investigate C+L+S long-haul systems using a closed-form GN/EGN non-linearity model. We perform accurate launch power and Raman pump optimization. We show a potential 4x throughput increase over legacy C-band systems in 1000 km links, using moderate S-only Raman amplification. We simultaneously achieve extra-flat GSNR, within ±0.5 dB across the whole C+L+S spectrum.
我们利用闭式 GN/EGN 非线性模型研究了 C+L+S 长途运输系统。我们进行了精确的发射功率和拉曼泵优化。我们表明,在 1000 公里链路中,使用适度的纯 S 拉曼放大,吞吐量可能比传统 C 波段系统提高 4 倍。同时,我们在整个 C+L+S 频谱上实现了 ±0.5 dB 范围内的超平 GSNR。
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引用次数: 0
Brillouin Lasing in a Silica Microsphere With Allowance for Rayleigh Scattering 允许瑞利散射的硅微球中的布里渊激光
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3444328
Elena A. Anashkina;Alexey V. Andrianov
We demonstrate cascade Brillouin lasing in a silica microsphere with 11-GHz spectral spacing between neighboring orders. Using unidirectional pump, up to three Brillouin cascades are attained in both forward and backward spectra due to Rayleigh scattering. We show experimentally and numerically that for weak and strong intermode coupling, the system behavior differs. For weak coupling, first-order Brillouin waves are mainly generated in the backward direction while second-order waves are mainly observed in the forward one. For strong coupling, powers for each order are the same in both directions.
我们在相邻阶次之间具有 11 千兆赫光谱间隔的二氧化硅微球中演示了级联布里渊激光。利用单向泵浦,由于瑞利散射,在前向和后向光谱中最多可实现三个布里渊级联。我们通过实验和数值计算表明,对于弱和强的模式间耦合,系统行为是不同的。对于弱耦合,一阶布里渊波主要在后向产生,而二阶波主要在前向观测到。对于强耦合,每个阶次的功率在两个方向上都是相同的。
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引用次数: 0
Prediction of Optical Chaos Using a Comparative Adaptive Extreme Learning Machine 使用比较自适应极限学习机预测光学混沌
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3442813
Yuanlong Fan;Chen Ma;Dawei Gao;Yangyundou Wang;Xiaopeng Shao
In this letter, a comparative adaptive extreme learning machine (CAELM) is proposed for continuous prediction of optical chaos with a simple updating rule and low computational complexity. A recursive least square (RLS) with a adaptive forgetting factor (AFF) updating method is devised to track the dynamics of the optical chaos. The results demonstrate that the proposed CAELM can effectively execute the time-varying optical chaos predictions, and delivers much better performance in terms of normalized mean squared error (NMSE), with a value of $2.4times 10 ^{-4}$ . It also demands fewer training samples than state-of-the-art adaptive methods. Finally, we validate CAELM’s generalization capability under the condition of changing laser parameters, and the proposed CAELM remains accurate and adaptive to predict the time-varying optical chaos with very short training length for the model update.
本文提出了一种比较自适应极端学习机(CAELM),用于光学混沌的连续预测,其更新规则简单,计算复杂度低。它设计了一种带有自适应遗忘因子(AFF)更新方法的递归最小二乘法(RLS)来跟踪光学混沌的动态。结果表明,所提出的 CAELM 可以有效地执行时变光学混沌预测,并且在归一化均方误差(NMSE)方面具有更好的性能,其值为 2.4/times 10 ^{-4}$。 与最先进的自适应方法相比,它所需的训练样本也更少。最后,我们验证了 CAELM 在激光参数变化条件下的泛化能力,所提出的 CAELM 在预测时变光学混沌方面保持了准确性和自适应能力,模型更新的训练长度非常短。
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引用次数: 0
Thermally Grown MoSe2 Thin Film Based MSM Broadband Photodetector 基于热生长 MoSe2 薄膜的 MSM 宽带光电探测器
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-08-13 DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3442969
Shikha Singh;Satyabrata Jit
An Ag/MoSe2 thin film/Ag structure based metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) broadband photodetector fabricated on SiO2 coated Si substrate is reported in this letter. The nano-powder synthesized by the hydrothermal route was used for fabricating MoSe2 thin film by thermal evaporation technique. The interdigitated Ag Schottky contacts were fabricated on the MoSe2 film by thermal evaporation method to obtain the desired structure. Photoresponse of the proposed MSM device was measured using monochromatic light of 300 nm–1100 nm. The response showed the maximum responsivity, detectivity and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of ~50 mA/W, $sim 4.5times 10^{11}$ Jones and $sim ~16$ % respectively at 415 nm (incident power density of $sim 70~mu $ W/cm2) under the applied bias voltage of 1.5 V. The fabricated device also shows fast time response with rise (fall) time as 17.8 ms (18.3 ms).
本信报告了一种基于Ag/MoSe2薄膜/Ag结构的金属-半导体-金属(MSM)宽带光电探测器,该探测器是在涂有二氧化硅的硅衬底上制造的。通过水热法合成的纳米粉体被用于热蒸发技术制造 MoSe2 薄膜。通过热蒸发方法在 MoSe2 薄膜上制作了相互咬合的 Ag Schottky 触点,从而获得了所需的结构。利用波长为 300 纳米至 1100 纳米的单色光测量了拟议 MSM 器件的光响应。结果表明,在 1.5 V 的外加偏置电压下,415 nm 处(入射功率密度为 70~mu $ W/cm2)的最大响应度、检测度和外部量子效率(EQE)分别为 ~50 mA/W、4.5times 10^{11}$ Jones 和 $sim ~16 $%。所制造的器件还显示出快速的时间响应,上升(下降)时间为 17.8 毫秒(18.3 毫秒)。
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引用次数: 0
External Force Sensing Strategy for Surface Tension Based on SMS Fiber Structure 基于 SMS 纤维结构的表面张力外力感应策略
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3442229
Chuan Tian;Xuening Chen;Yaqi Ren;Meng Wang;Xiaolei Bai
An external force sensing strategy based on the bend and strain characteristics of SMS fiber structure for liquid surface tension is demonstrated in this work. The bent SMS fiber structure is used to optimize the traditional pull-off method by improving the measurement of the tensile force. Experimental results show that the sensitivity of the sensor is 1.97221 nm/mN, suitable for measuring small tensile forces, with the minimum force change of $10.1409~mu $ N and the linearity of 99.85%. The maximum relative error of LSTC is $pm 0.282times 10^{-3}$ N/m. Theoretical and experimental results prove that using a bent SMS fiber structure is a feasible approach for accurately measuring liquid surface tension.
本研究展示了一种基于 SMS 纤维结构弯曲和应变特性的液体表面张力外力传感策略。利用弯曲的 SMS 纤维结构优化了传统的拉力测量方法。实验结果表明,传感器的灵敏度为 1.97221 nm/mN,适合测量较小的拉力,最小力变化为 10.1409~mu $ N,线性度为 99.85%。LSTC 的最大相对误差为 0.282 times 10^{-3}$ N/m。理论和实验结果证明,使用弯曲的 SMS 纤维结构精确测量液体表面张力是一种可行的方法。
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引用次数: 0
WSe₂ and MoS₂ Nanocomposite-Based Efficient Broadband Photodetector 基于 WSe₂ 和 MoS₂ 纳米复合材料的高效宽带光电探测器
IF 2.3 3区 工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2024.3441749
Tulika Bajpai;Saumya Tripathi;Ajay Kumar Dwivedi;R. K. Nagaria;Shweta Tripathi
This letter reports a Al/WSe2:MoS2/ITO coated PET structure based broadband photodetector. The device utilizes WSe2: MoS2 nanocomposite (NC) as an active layer prepared using dispersion method. The nanocomposite film was deposited over ITO coated PET through spin coating technique. The Al contacts were deposited over WSe2: MoS2 nanocomposite by means of thermal evaporation unit. The proposed photodetector exhibits a broad photo response with maximum responsivity $text {R}_{text {S}}$ (A/W) of 10.75 A/W, 85.45 A/W, and 146.96 A/W; at 350nm (UV), 750nm (visible) and 900nm (IR) at -1V bias. The nanocomposite shows promising characteristics for optoelectronic application. WSe2:MoS2 NC shows a wide absorbance spectra, covering ultraviolet (UV)-visible-near infrared (NIR) regions.
这封信报告了一种基于 Al/WSe2:MoS2/ITO 涂层 PET 结构的宽带光电探测器。该器件采用 WSe2:MoS2 纳米复合材料 (NC) 作为活性层。纳米复合薄膜通过旋涂技术沉积在 ITO 涂层 PET 上。铝触点沉积在 WSe2:MoS2 纳米复合材料上沉积了铝触点。所提出的光电探测器具有广泛的光响应,在-1V偏压下,350nm(紫外)、750nm(可见光)和900nm(红外)波长处的最大响应率分别为10.75 A/W、85.45 A/W和146.96 A/W。该纳米复合材料在光电应用方面表现出了良好的特性。WSe2:MoS2 NC 具有宽广的吸收光谱,涵盖紫外(UV)-可见光-近红外(NIR)区域。
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引用次数: 0
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IEEE Photonics Technology Letters
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