Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites have recently been a hot topic due to their high stability and excellent optoelectronic performances. Different cation substitution endows the structures with other properties. Here, an in-depth theoretical model has been proposed to analyze the effect of cation amount on electronic structure. Accordingly, a series of quasi-two-dimensional lead halide perovskite single crystals have been prepared by combining vapor and solution methods at room temperature. The effect of cations on optoelectronic devices was studied by analyzing the photocurrent of the photodetectors. The results show that the addition of cationic methylamine can result in devices with superior performance. These results enhance our understanding of the regulation of cations in materials and contribute to the fabrication of optoelectronic devices with better performance.
{"title":"Improved Crystallization and Optical Performance of Mixed Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite","authors":"Jiaying Suo;Wanxiao Gao;Xinyao Bai;Ruonan Du;Zhenxu Bai;Yaoyao Qi;Bingzheng Yan;Xin Li;Jie Ding","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3541314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3541314","url":null,"abstract":"Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites have recently been a hot topic due to their high stability and excellent optoelectronic performances. Different cation substitution endows the structures with other properties. Here, an in-depth theoretical model has been proposed to analyze the effect of cation amount on electronic structure. Accordingly, a series of quasi-two-dimensional lead halide perovskite single crystals have been prepared by combining vapor and solution methods at room temperature. The effect of cations on optoelectronic devices was studied by analyzing the photocurrent of the photodetectors. The results show that the addition of cationic methylamine can result in devices with superior performance. These results enhance our understanding of the regulation of cations in materials and contribute to the fabrication of optoelectronic devices with better performance.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 5","pages":"297-300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143496458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2025.3540904
Takahiro Matsumoto;Keiji Kuroda
This letter reports on the interrogation of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) arranged in a bus topology. By applying time- and wavelength-division multiplexing techniques, FBGs incorporated within a branch are distinguished spectrally and FBGs incorporated within different branches are distinguished temporally, respectively. This hybrid multiplexing method allows the number of FBG sensor heads to be increased. A heterodyne detection technique is used to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the weak reflection signals. Reflections from six FBGs with two peak wavelengths are observed simultaneously as beat oscillations.
{"title":"Heterodyne-Based Interrogation of FBGs Temporally and Spectrally Multiplexed in Bus Topology","authors":"Takahiro Matsumoto;Keiji Kuroda","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3540904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3540904","url":null,"abstract":"This letter reports on the interrogation of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) arranged in a bus topology. By applying time- and wavelength-division multiplexing techniques, FBGs incorporated within a branch are distinguished spectrally and FBGs incorporated within different branches are distinguished temporally, respectively. This hybrid multiplexing method allows the number of FBG sensor heads to be increased. A heterodyne detection technique is used to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the weak reflection signals. Reflections from six FBGs with two peak wavelengths are observed simultaneously as beat oscillations.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 5","pages":"273-276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143496522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2025.3541195
Yuanyuan Liu;Yuanhao Bao;Junyong Zhang;Qiwen Zhan
Achromatic performance is crucial for a variety of multi-wavelength optical imaging applications due to conventional diffractive optical elements suffer from large chromatic aberration. Here, we introduce a multi-wavelength achromatic imaging system utilizing a pleochroic confocal photon sieve (PCPS). In this technique, three foci at three different wavelengths are designed to coexist at various spatial locations on the same plane. Characterization results demonstrate achromatic focus performance at specified wavelengths, and the optimal full width at half maximum (FWHM) of point spread function (PSF) indicate that our device can achieve an optical imaging resolution of $5~mu $ m across all designated wavelengths. Furthermore, we also explored the potential application of the PCPS in single-frame multi-wavelength coherent diffraction imaging (CDI), and preliminary experimental results are presented to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed PCPS exhibits a minimal thickness and demonstrates high design flexibility in focal length and incident wavelengths, providing new opportunities for the development of achromatic imaging systems and RGB holographic displays.
{"title":"Multi-Wavelength Achromatic Imaging With a Pleochroic Confocal Photon Sieve","authors":"Yuanyuan Liu;Yuanhao Bao;Junyong Zhang;Qiwen Zhan","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3541195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3541195","url":null,"abstract":"Achromatic performance is crucial for a variety of multi-wavelength optical imaging applications due to conventional diffractive optical elements suffer from large chromatic aberration. Here, we introduce a multi-wavelength achromatic imaging system utilizing a pleochroic confocal photon sieve (PCPS). In this technique, three foci at three different wavelengths are designed to coexist at various spatial locations on the same plane. Characterization results demonstrate achromatic focus performance at specified wavelengths, and the optimal full width at half maximum (FWHM) of point spread function (PSF) indicate that our device can achieve an optical imaging resolution of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$5~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m across all designated wavelengths. Furthermore, we also explored the potential application of the PCPS in single-frame multi-wavelength coherent diffraction imaging (CDI), and preliminary experimental results are presented to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed PCPS exhibits a minimal thickness and demonstrates high design flexibility in focal length and incident wavelengths, providing new opportunities for the development of achromatic imaging systems and RGB holographic displays.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 5","pages":"285-288"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present the design and experimental verification of an ultra-compact $1times 8$ power splitter utilizing digital metamaterials. Our splitter leverages the direct binary search algorithm to optimize the pixelated design space, ensuring symmetric and efficient power distribution across the eight output waveguides. This design achieves a notably small footprint, low insertion loss, and excellent uniformity performance at the communication wavelength of 1550 nm. To validate our approach, we fabricated a $1times 8$ power splitter on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform, featuring ultra-compact length and space of just $5.33~mu $ m and $56.12~mu $ m2 respectively. This size represents a reduction of 1-2 orders of magnitude compared to previously reported values. Experimental results reveal an impressive insertion loss of 0.66 dB and a good uniformity of 0.42 dB at the center wavelength. Furthermore, the total loss remains below 1 dB across a wavelength range spanning from 1542.2 nm to 1553.5 nm. When compared to existing solutions, our designed splitter demonstrates superior performance in terms of size, insertion loss and uniformity. These attributes make this high-performance $1times 8$ power splitter a promising candidate for applications in large-scale on-chip optical networks and optical phased arrays.
{"title":"Ultra-Compact Silicon-Based 1×8 Power Splitter Based on Digital Metamaterials","authors":"Jiazhu Duan;Cangli Liu;Jiancheng Zeng;Yongquan Luo;Li Liu;Xiangjie Zhao;Dayong Zhang","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3540921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3540921","url":null,"abstract":"We present the design and experimental verification of an ultra-compact <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1times 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> power splitter utilizing digital metamaterials. Our splitter leverages the direct binary search algorithm to optimize the pixelated design space, ensuring symmetric and efficient power distribution across the eight output waveguides. This design achieves a notably small footprint, low insertion loss, and excellent uniformity performance at the communication wavelength of 1550 nm. To validate our approach, we fabricated a <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1times 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> power splitter on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform, featuring ultra-compact length and space of just <inline-formula> <tex-math>$5.33~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$56.12~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m2 respectively. This size represents a reduction of 1-2 orders of magnitude compared to previously reported values. Experimental results reveal an impressive insertion loss of 0.66 dB and a good uniformity of 0.42 dB at the center wavelength. Furthermore, the total loss remains below 1 dB across a wavelength range spanning from 1542.2 nm to 1553.5 nm. When compared to existing solutions, our designed splitter demonstrates superior performance in terms of size, insertion loss and uniformity. These attributes make this high-performance <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1times 8$ </tex-math></inline-formula> power splitter a promising candidate for applications in large-scale on-chip optical networks and optical phased arrays.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 6","pages":"317-320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2025.3540928
Jinhong Wang;Lijie Cao;Haojun Ru;Weibin Cai;Binfeng Yang;Longfang Ye
This letter presents a bandpass half-mode substrate integrated plasmonic filter (HMSIPF) utilizing spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs). The HMSIPF consists of a half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) with a periodic square spiral array etching onto the top metal layer. Additionally, two C-ring resonators are etched on both the top and bottom metal layers to introduce an extra transmission zero, enabling a sharp lower roll-off in the filter response without increasing its physical size. A prototype of the HMSIPF was fabricated and evaluated against comparable filters. Measured results demonstrate that the HMSIPF achieves a high transmission coefficient (|S21| > −0.8 dB) and a low reflection coefficient (|S11| < −12 dB) across a wide passband of 5.0-9.0 GHz, corresponding to a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 57.1%. It also exhibits a steep roll-off with a shape factor of 1.22, along with a compact size of $1.44lambda _{mathbf {g}} times 0.37lambda _{mathbf {g}}$ . This HMSIPF design advances the practicality of SSPP-based circuits and holds significant potential for microwave integrated plasmonic circuits and systems, offering excellent filtering performance.
{"title":"Bandpass Half-Mode Substrate Integrated Plasmonic Filters With Steep Roll-Offs","authors":"Jinhong Wang;Lijie Cao;Haojun Ru;Weibin Cai;Binfeng Yang;Longfang Ye","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3540928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3540928","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a bandpass half-mode substrate integrated plasmonic filter (HMSIPF) utilizing spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs). The HMSIPF consists of a half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) with a periodic square spiral array etching onto the top metal layer. Additionally, two C-ring resonators are etched on both the top and bottom metal layers to introduce an extra transmission zero, enabling a sharp lower roll-off in the filter response without increasing its physical size. A prototype of the HMSIPF was fabricated and evaluated against comparable filters. Measured results demonstrate that the HMSIPF achieves a high transmission coefficient (|S21| > −0.8 dB) and a low reflection coefficient (|S11| < −12 dB) across a wide passband of 5.0-9.0 GHz, corresponding to a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 57.1%. It also exhibits a steep roll-off with a shape factor of 1.22, along with a compact size of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.44lambda _{mathbf {g}} times 0.37lambda _{mathbf {g}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. This HMSIPF design advances the practicality of SSPP-based circuits and holds significant potential for microwave integrated plasmonic circuits and systems, offering excellent filtering performance.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 5","pages":"269-272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2025.3540936
Peiji Sun;Xuan She;Lei Zhang;Haoyi Han;Ran Bi;Heliang Shen;Fei Huang;Lei Wang;Xiaowu Shu
The pyroelectric effect in ${mathbf {LiNbO}}_{mathbf {3}}$ electro-optic (E-O) modulators leads to bias instability in temperature variation environments. In this study, the pyroelectric model of X-cut ${mathbf {LiNbO}}_{mathbf {3}}$ modulator is established for the first time. Simulations of pyroelectric responses under a fixed rate of 2 K/min are conducted, testing two suppression methods: grounding the $boldsymbol {pm Z}$ polarization planes and adding surface grounded electrodes, with the latter showing a decrease in the pyroelectric voltage drop by 29.75%. The temperature experiment on the fabricated X-cut ${mathbf {LiNbO}}_{mathbf {3}}$ modulator with foldback form reveals that short-circuiting the electrodes could eliminate the pyroelectric pulse discharge phenomenon. Further coating electrically conductive adhesive(ECA) to act as grounded electrodes could suppress pyroelectric secondary oscillations, which shows a reduction of 44.96%. The proposed pyroelectric suppression methods provide a potential improvement strategy for enhancing bias stability in phase-sensitive devices based on ${mathbf {LiNbO}}_{mathbf {3}}$ materials.
{"title":"Study of Pyroelectric Suppression Method for LiNbO₃ E-O Modulator","authors":"Peiji Sun;Xuan She;Lei Zhang;Haoyi Han;Ran Bi;Heliang Shen;Fei Huang;Lei Wang;Xiaowu Shu","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3540936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3540936","url":null,"abstract":"The pyroelectric effect in <inline-formula> <tex-math>${mathbf {LiNbO}}_{mathbf {3}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> electro-optic (E-O) modulators leads to bias instability in temperature variation environments. In this study, the pyroelectric model of X-cut <inline-formula> <tex-math>${mathbf {LiNbO}}_{mathbf {3}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> modulator is established for the first time. Simulations of pyroelectric responses under a fixed rate of 2 K/min are conducted, testing two suppression methods: grounding the <inline-formula> <tex-math>$boldsymbol {pm Z}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> polarization planes and adding surface grounded electrodes, with the latter showing a decrease in the pyroelectric voltage drop by 29.75%. The temperature experiment on the fabricated X-cut <inline-formula> <tex-math>${mathbf {LiNbO}}_{mathbf {3}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> modulator with foldback form reveals that short-circuiting the electrodes could eliminate the pyroelectric pulse discharge phenomenon. Further coating electrically conductive adhesive(ECA) to act as grounded electrodes could suppress pyroelectric secondary oscillations, which shows a reduction of 44.96%. The proposed pyroelectric suppression methods provide a potential improvement strategy for enhancing bias stability in phase-sensitive devices based on <inline-formula> <tex-math>${mathbf {LiNbO}}_{mathbf {3}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> materials.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 6","pages":"329-332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Surface-normal electroabsorption modulators (SNEAMs) are devices with unique characteristics, such as small size, wide bandwidth and polarization insensitive behavior; however, due to the surface-normal configuration and since they operate in reflection, it is challenging to package fiber arrays to SNEAM arrays with many channels. Here, we present a novel approach to package fiber arrays to SNEAM arrays based on passive alignment. We realize an expanded-beam, multi-channel, optical coupling scheme by using a prism lens array and a lens array in between a SNEAM array chip and a standard single mode fiber array. We use this approach to assemble a SNEAM array engine with 8 channels without any active optical alignment. We show that our SNEAM array engine has coupling loss from the fiber inputs to the SNEAMs ranging from 1.2 dB for the best channel to 1.7 dB for the worst channel. Also, we validate our passive alignment packaging scheme by modulating the channels at 25 Gbit/s NRZ-OOK and show that the fiber array is pluggable into the SNEAM array engine. Finally, our approach is independent of the specific SNEAM design, and potentially can be extended to other surface-normal devices, such as lasers or photodiodes.
{"title":"Optical Packaging of Surface-Normal Electroabsorption Modulator Arrays Using Passive Alignment","authors":"Stefano Grillanda;Nagesh Basavanhally;Ting-Chen Hu;Rick Papazian;Mark Cappuzzo;Alaric Tate;Mark Earnshaw;Rose Kopf;Flavio Pardo","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3541016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3541016","url":null,"abstract":"Surface-normal electroabsorption modulators (SNEAMs) are devices with unique characteristics, such as small size, wide bandwidth and polarization insensitive behavior; however, due to the surface-normal configuration and since they operate in reflection, it is challenging to package fiber arrays to SNEAM arrays with many channels. Here, we present a novel approach to package fiber arrays to SNEAM arrays based on passive alignment. We realize an expanded-beam, multi-channel, optical coupling scheme by using a prism lens array and a lens array in between a SNEAM array chip and a standard single mode fiber array. We use this approach to assemble a SNEAM array engine with 8 channels without any active optical alignment. We show that our SNEAM array engine has coupling loss from the fiber inputs to the SNEAMs ranging from 1.2 dB for the best channel to 1.7 dB for the worst channel. Also, we validate our passive alignment packaging scheme by modulating the channels at 25 Gbit/s NRZ-OOK and show that the fiber array is pluggable into the SNEAM array engine. Finally, our approach is independent of the specific SNEAM design, and potentially can be extended to other surface-normal devices, such as lasers or photodiodes.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 5","pages":"265-268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2025.3541081
Feng Shi;Rui Jin;Yunke Du;Chao Wang;Bo Jia
An interferometric distributed optical fiber sensing system with a sensing range over 300 km is proposed. This system employs Raman fiber amplifier with bidirectional pumping in conjunction with a bidirectional EDFA, without the use of in-line relay amplifier. Through an analysis of the interference light transmission within the system, the minimum SNR required to effectively demodulate the phase is determined, and the corresponding sensing fiber loss is experimentally quantified. By utilizing ultra-low-loss G654E single mode fiber, the system can achieve high-performance sensing without signal degradation within the 300 km range, and the positioning error is less than 8 m. To the best of our knowledge, this is currently the longest distributed optical fiber sensing system without in-line repeater. The system offers potential applications in fields such as perimeter security and submarine cable monitoring.
{"title":"Ultra-Long-Distance Interferometric DOFS Over 300 km Without In-Line Repeater","authors":"Feng Shi;Rui Jin;Yunke Du;Chao Wang;Bo Jia","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3541081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3541081","url":null,"abstract":"An interferometric distributed optical fiber sensing system with a sensing range over 300 km is proposed. This system employs Raman fiber amplifier with bidirectional pumping in conjunction with a bidirectional EDFA, without the use of in-line relay amplifier. Through an analysis of the interference light transmission within the system, the minimum SNR required to effectively demodulate the phase is determined, and the corresponding sensing fiber loss is experimentally quantified. By utilizing ultra-low-loss G654E single mode fiber, the system can achieve high-performance sensing without signal degradation within the 300 km range, and the positioning error is less than 8 m. To the best of our knowledge, this is currently the longest distributed optical fiber sensing system without in-line repeater. The system offers potential applications in fields such as perimeter security and submarine cable monitoring.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 5","pages":"289-292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143496592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We have demonstrated the formation of two different types of optical frequency comb in a Brillouin fiber resonator with modulated pump technology. One is the Brillouin lasing comb (BLC) due to the cascaded Brillouin scattering. The latter is the Brillouin-Kerr frequency comb (BKC) that is formed because of the four-wave-mixing. The effect of modulation instability (MI) on the comb formation in these two different regimes is studied. In the first regime, the frequency spacing of the comb is determined by the Brillouin frequency shift. We have observed the competition and switching of MI and SBS in the resonator by changing the pump power. In the second regime, the modulated pump and its associated side frequencies serve as multiple frequency pumps, leading to the generation of BKC. The frequency spacing of BKC can be precisely tuned, depending on the modulation frequency of the pump. MI contributes to the BKC formation. Under a pump power of 1.4 W with a modulation frequency of 12 GHz, MI-assisted BKC with a spectrum covering over 30 nm is obtained. Our results deepen the understanding of the interaction between MI and Brillouin comb in Kerr resonators.
{"title":"Interplay Between Modulation Instability (MI) and Optical Comb Generation in a Brillouin Fiber Resonator: Cascaded Brillouin Lasing Comb and Brillouin-Kerr Comb","authors":"Runhui Zhu;Zhiqiang Wang;Yang Li;Rui Zhou;Zuxing Zhang","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3540275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3540275","url":null,"abstract":"We have demonstrated the formation of two different types of optical frequency comb in a Brillouin fiber resonator with modulated pump technology. One is the Brillouin lasing comb (BLC) due to the cascaded Brillouin scattering. The latter is the Brillouin-Kerr frequency comb (BKC) that is formed because of the four-wave-mixing. The effect of modulation instability (MI) on the comb formation in these two different regimes is studied. In the first regime, the frequency spacing of the comb is determined by the Brillouin frequency shift. We have observed the competition and switching of MI and SBS in the resonator by changing the pump power. In the second regime, the modulated pump and its associated side frequencies serve as multiple frequency pumps, leading to the generation of BKC. The frequency spacing of BKC can be precisely tuned, depending on the modulation frequency of the pump. MI contributes to the BKC formation. Under a pump power of 1.4 W with a modulation frequency of 12 GHz, MI-assisted BKC with a spectrum covering over 30 nm is obtained. Our results deepen the understanding of the interaction between MI and Brillouin comb in Kerr resonators.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 5","pages":"257-260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143422787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-05DOI: 10.1109/LPT.2025.3539291
Jing Ni;Zhouzhuo Tang;Zihao Liu;Qijie Wang;Xia Yu
External cavity-quantum cascade lasers (EC-QCLs) offer high spectral power density (SPD) over several hundred wavenumbers, making them ideal for broadband mid-infrared absorption spectroscopy. Surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRA) leverages nanoantenna structure to enhance the signal in an infrared absorption spectrum. However, the highly uneven SPD of the EC-QCL and strong absorption of the SEIRA nanoantennas challenge the limited dynamic range of the detection system and thus introduce higher noise levels. Here, an adaptive spectrum compensation (ASC) method is proposed and applied in our home-built broadband surface-enhanced mid-infrared laser absorption spectrometer. The ASC method adaptively optimizes the laser beam and adjusts the SPD of the spectra reaching the detector with minimal loss. This reduces the dynamic range noise, detector noise and shot noise of the detection system, and allows quick adaptive switching between different background spectra. For our spectrometer, the ASC method has reduced the noise level of the absorption spectrum across 1660-975 cm−1 by more than 3 times. The proposed simple and low-cost spectrum compensation method could be applied to other tunable laser absorption spectroscopies with highly uneven SPD.
{"title":"Broadband Surface-Enhanced Mid-Infrared Laser Spectroscopy With Adaptive Spectrum Compensation","authors":"Jing Ni;Zhouzhuo Tang;Zihao Liu;Qijie Wang;Xia Yu","doi":"10.1109/LPT.2025.3539291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2025.3539291","url":null,"abstract":"External cavity-quantum cascade lasers (EC-QCLs) offer high spectral power density (SPD) over several hundred wavenumbers, making them ideal for broadband mid-infrared absorption spectroscopy. Surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRA) leverages nanoantenna structure to enhance the signal in an infrared absorption spectrum. However, the highly uneven SPD of the EC-QCL and strong absorption of the SEIRA nanoantennas challenge the limited dynamic range of the detection system and thus introduce higher noise levels. Here, an adaptive spectrum compensation (ASC) method is proposed and applied in our home-built broadband surface-enhanced mid-infrared laser absorption spectrometer. The ASC method adaptively optimizes the laser beam and adjusts the SPD of the spectra reaching the detector with minimal loss. This reduces the dynamic range noise, detector noise and shot noise of the detection system, and allows quick adaptive switching between different background spectra. For our spectrometer, the ASC method has reduced the noise level of the absorption spectrum across 1660-975 cm−1 by more than 3 times. The proposed simple and low-cost spectrum compensation method could be applied to other tunable laser absorption spectroscopies with highly uneven SPD.","PeriodicalId":13065,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Photonics Technology Letters","volume":"37 5","pages":"277-280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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