Pub Date : 2020-04-24DOI: 10.1177/0739986320916424
Brian Joseph Gillespie, Georgiana Bostean, Stefan Malizia
Drawing on immigrant adaptation and life course perspectives, this study explores reasons for differences in the timing of young adults’ departure from the parental home. We extend existing research by examining: (a) associations between home-leaving, and immigrant generation and parental region of origin, and (b) the role of parental language use in the home as a moderator of these associations. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (N = 5,994), we used Cox proportional hazard regressions to estimate the risk of home-leaving. Results revealed that 3+ generation immigrants are most likely to leave home, followed by second, 1.75, and 1.5 generation. Youth whose parents were from Latin America were least likely to leave compared with those with parents from other regions. Parental language spoken at home is a moderator such that, net of controls, youth with Latin American parents are less likely to leave the parental home than those with U.S.-born parents when their parents speak a language other than English at home. Findings contribute to the immigration literature by examining nuanced differences among immigrants of different generations and origins, and pointing to multiple factors that contribute to differences in the timing of the transition out of the parental home.
{"title":"Timing of Departure From the Parental Home: Differences by Immigrant Generation and Parents’ Region of Origin","authors":"Brian Joseph Gillespie, Georgiana Bostean, Stefan Malizia","doi":"10.1177/0739986320916424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0739986320916424","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on immigrant adaptation and life course perspectives, this study explores reasons for differences in the timing of young adults’ departure from the parental home. We extend existing research by examining: (a) associations between home-leaving, and immigrant generation and parental region of origin, and (b) the role of parental language use in the home as a moderator of these associations. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (N = 5,994), we used Cox proportional hazard regressions to estimate the risk of home-leaving. Results revealed that 3+ generation immigrants are most likely to leave home, followed by second, 1.75, and 1.5 generation. Youth whose parents were from Latin America were least likely to leave compared with those with parents from other regions. Parental language spoken at home is a moderator such that, net of controls, youth with Latin American parents are less likely to leave the parental home than those with U.S.-born parents when their parents speak a language other than English at home. Findings contribute to the immigration literature by examining nuanced differences among immigrants of different generations and origins, and pointing to multiple factors that contribute to differences in the timing of the transition out of the parental home.","PeriodicalId":13072,"journal":{"name":"Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"165 - 190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0739986320916424","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45276697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-10DOI: 10.1177/0739986320915849
Richard C. Jones
This study investigates the educational and economic attainment of Mexican Dreamers over the 4 years since DACA was implemented (2012–2016). A time-space stream of benefits and barriers is evaluated at the national, state, and individual levels. Based on assumptions linking the DACA-eligible to DACA recipients, I examine the annual American Community Survey (ACS) to glean insights not provided elsewhere. At national level, the results suggest that young Mexican Dreamers entered the workforce at higher rates, but college at lower rates, than a control group of Mexican Americans. At state level, in supportive states these Dreamers entered college at higher rates but the work force at slightly lower rates, than they did in restrictive states. At the individual level, it is revealed that DACA strongly promoted college over work for women, but just the reverse for men. These distinctions are bringing about new inequalities within the Mexican Dreamer community in the United States.
{"title":"A Time-Space Stream of DACA Benefits and Barriers Gleaned From the American Community Survey","authors":"Richard C. Jones","doi":"10.1177/0739986320915849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0739986320915849","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the educational and economic attainment of Mexican Dreamers over the 4 years since DACA was implemented (2012–2016). A time-space stream of benefits and barriers is evaluated at the national, state, and individual levels. Based on assumptions linking the DACA-eligible to DACA recipients, I examine the annual American Community Survey (ACS) to glean insights not provided elsewhere. At national level, the results suggest that young Mexican Dreamers entered the workforce at higher rates, but college at lower rates, than a control group of Mexican Americans. At state level, in supportive states these Dreamers entered college at higher rates but the work force at slightly lower rates, than they did in restrictive states. At the individual level, it is revealed that DACA strongly promoted college over work for women, but just the reverse for men. These distinctions are bringing about new inequalities within the Mexican Dreamer community in the United States.","PeriodicalId":13072,"journal":{"name":"Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"143 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0739986320915849","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46980634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0739986320910153
J. D. Lopez, Jennifer M. Horn
Hispanic college students attending a Hispanic Serving Institution (HSI) in the southwest United States were administered the short grit survey during new student orientation for 2 consecutive years (N = 496) to ascertain the association with grit scores and retention after the first year of university attendance. Results indicate that there was a gender difference in grit scores and retention. Few grit survey items were associated with retention, thus suggesting that the grit survey may not be an appropriate predictor of retention for first-generation Hispanic college students.
{"title":"Grit and Retention Among First Year Hispanic College Students at a Hispanic Serving Institution","authors":"J. D. Lopez, Jennifer M. Horn","doi":"10.1177/0739986320910153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0739986320910153","url":null,"abstract":"Hispanic college students attending a Hispanic Serving Institution (HSI) in the southwest United States were administered the short grit survey during new student orientation for 2 consecutive years (N = 496) to ascertain the association with grit scores and retention after the first year of university attendance. Results indicate that there was a gender difference in grit scores and retention. Few grit survey items were associated with retention, thus suggesting that the grit survey may not be an appropriate predictor of retention for first-generation Hispanic college students.","PeriodicalId":13072,"journal":{"name":"Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"264 - 270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0739986320910153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45273831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0739986320910165
Adrian A. Rodriguez, Paul Ratanasiripong, Kimberly Hardaway, L. Barrón, Shiho Toyama
Latinx college students face challenges regarding depression. The relationships between early maladaptive schemas (EMS) and attachment style on depression and relationship satisfaction were investigated among 236 Latinx college student participants. The Young Schema Questionnaire–Short Form (YSQ-S3) total score was utilized to identify overall schema. Significant correlations were found. Overall schema, attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, and depression were all positively correlated, while attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, and depression were negatively correlated with relationship satisfaction. In multiple regression analyses, Model 1, overall schema and attachment anxiety significantly predicted depression. In Model 2, overall schema, attachment anxiety, and attachment avoidance significantly predicted relationship satisfaction, with EMS acting as a positive predictor. Results suggest that Latinx college students with EMS and anxious attachment style endorse more depression, while the influence of EMS and attachment style on relationship satisfaction needs to be further investigated. Considerations for the use of schema therapy and future research are discussed.
{"title":"Latinx College Students: How Schemas and Attachments Impact Depression and Relationship Satisfaction","authors":"Adrian A. Rodriguez, Paul Ratanasiripong, Kimberly Hardaway, L. Barrón, Shiho Toyama","doi":"10.1177/0739986320910165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0739986320910165","url":null,"abstract":"Latinx college students face challenges regarding depression. The relationships between early maladaptive schemas (EMS) and attachment style on depression and relationship satisfaction were investigated among 236 Latinx college student participants. The Young Schema Questionnaire–Short Form (YSQ-S3) total score was utilized to identify overall schema. Significant correlations were found. Overall schema, attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, and depression were all positively correlated, while attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, and depression were negatively correlated with relationship satisfaction. In multiple regression analyses, Model 1, overall schema and attachment anxiety significantly predicted depression. In Model 2, overall schema, attachment anxiety, and attachment avoidance significantly predicted relationship satisfaction, with EMS acting as a positive predictor. Results suggest that Latinx college students with EMS and anxious attachment style endorse more depression, while the influence of EMS and attachment style on relationship satisfaction needs to be further investigated. Considerations for the use of schema therapy and future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":13072,"journal":{"name":"Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"248 - 263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0739986320910165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43197399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-01Epub Date: 2020-01-11DOI: 10.1177/0739986319900029
Michael R Whitehead, Rubén Parra-Cardona, Richard Wampler, Ryan Bowles, Sacha Klein
Foreign-born Latino/a immigrants currently make up 12.9% of the total U.S. population. Latino/a immigrants continue to be exposed to widespread health and mental health care disparities. Scholarship focused on the needs of Latino/a immigrants continues to be characterized by multiple gaps. Latino/a immigrants and their families, particularly those with low family annual incomes, are exposed to multiple types of immigration-related stress. However, little is known about how immigration-related stress impacts couples. The objective of this investigation was to examine the interrelationship among acculturation and immigration-related stress as reported by a group of Latino/a immigrant parents who participated in a cultural adaptation parenting study. Data were provided by 78 two-parent families. The statistical approach consisted of latent growth curve analyses to examine rates of change over time. Findings indicated a potential protective role of biculturalism among Latino/a immigrant couples. Research, clinical, and policy implications are discussed.
{"title":"Longitudinal Changes Among Latino/a Immigrant Parental Acculturation and Extra-Familial Immigration-Related Stress.","authors":"Michael R Whitehead, Rubén Parra-Cardona, Richard Wampler, Ryan Bowles, Sacha Klein","doi":"10.1177/0739986319900029","DOIUrl":"10.1177/0739986319900029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foreign-born Latino/a immigrants currently make up 12.9% of the total U.S. population. Latino/a immigrants continue to be exposed to widespread health and mental health care disparities. Scholarship focused on the needs of Latino/a immigrants continues to be characterized by multiple gaps. Latino/a immigrants and their families, particularly those with low family annual incomes, are exposed to multiple types of immigration-related stress. However, little is known about how immigration-related stress impacts couples. The objective of this investigation was to examine the interrelationship among acculturation and immigration-related stress as reported by a group of Latino/a immigrant parents who participated in a cultural adaptation parenting study. Data were provided by 78 two-parent families. The statistical approach consisted of latent growth curve analyses to examine rates of change over time. Findings indicated a potential protective role of biculturalism among Latino/a immigrant couples. Research, clinical, and policy implications are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":13072,"journal":{"name":"Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"18-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11086981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47709013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-20DOI: 10.1177/0739986319899737
R. Hall
The act of lynching in the United States was in fact a form of domestic terrorism perpetrated against darker-skinned Americans. Historians have been pressed to acknowledge the lynching of African-Americans particularly in the Bible-belt South in such states as Mississippi and Alabama. The history of Mexican-Americans lynched by Anglo mobs has been for the most part, ignored by Western historians. Said ignored transgressions occurred frequently in border-states including Texas. Approximately 40 years before the lynching of 14-year-old African-American Emmett Till was the lynching of 14-year-old Mexican-American Antonio Gómez. Both were boys accused of Anglo disrespect. Buried in historical archives, the lynching of Gómez was a Mexican-American manifestation of Anglo colorism. Once informed, social scientists and the U.S. society at-large must then readily admit they lynched Mexican-Americans too!
{"title":"They Lynched Mexican-Americans Too: A Question of Anglo Colorism","authors":"R. Hall","doi":"10.1177/0739986319899737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0739986319899737","url":null,"abstract":"The act of lynching in the United States was in fact a form of domestic terrorism perpetrated against darker-skinned Americans. Historians have been pressed to acknowledge the lynching of African-Americans particularly in the Bible-belt South in such states as Mississippi and Alabama. The history of Mexican-Americans lynched by Anglo mobs has been for the most part, ignored by Western historians. Said ignored transgressions occurred frequently in border-states including Texas. Approximately 40 years before the lynching of 14-year-old African-American Emmett Till was the lynching of 14-year-old Mexican-American Antonio Gómez. Both were boys accused of Anglo disrespect. Buried in historical archives, the lynching of Gómez was a Mexican-American manifestation of Anglo colorism. Once informed, social scientists and the U.S. society at-large must then readily admit they lynched Mexican-Americans too!","PeriodicalId":13072,"journal":{"name":"Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"62 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0739986319899737","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45132951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-19DOI: 10.1177/0739986319899734
M. Dueñas, Alberta M. Gloria
Using a psychosociocultural approach, we examined the role of motivation, belonging, and congruity relative to sense of mattering for 236 Latinx undergraduates attending a public Midwest research university. Findings revealed the key role of belonging in understanding undergraduates’ experiences where belonging accounted for more than half of the variance of mattering as well as mediated the relationship of congruity and mattering. Differences by college generation, academic certificate, and student organization status were also revealed. Practical implications for faculty, administrators, and university personnel and future direction for research are addressed relative to student affiliation and sense of belonging and mattering.
{"title":"¡Pertenecemos y tenemos importancia aquí! Exploring Sense of Belonging and Mattering for First-Generation and Continuing-Generation Latinx Undergraduates","authors":"M. Dueñas, Alberta M. Gloria","doi":"10.1177/0739986319899734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0739986319899734","url":null,"abstract":"Using a psychosociocultural approach, we examined the role of motivation, belonging, and congruity relative to sense of mattering for 236 Latinx undergraduates attending a public Midwest research university. Findings revealed the key role of belonging in understanding undergraduates’ experiences where belonging accounted for more than half of the variance of mattering as well as mediated the relationship of congruity and mattering. Differences by college generation, academic certificate, and student organization status were also revealed. Practical implications for faculty, administrators, and university personnel and future direction for research are addressed relative to student affiliation and sense of belonging and mattering.","PeriodicalId":13072,"journal":{"name":"Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"116 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0739986319899734","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45836684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-19DOI: 10.1177/0739986319900026
C. Salinas, Patrick Riley, Lazaro Camacho, Deborah L. Floyd
While some higher education institutions attempt to help support and retain Latino students until graduation, these same institutions often neglect the experiences of Latino faculty members. The main challenges Latino faculties encounter in higher education include cultural taxation, discrimination, and feelings of isolation. Research is limited on the experiences and role of mentorship for Latino male faculty. This phenomenological study examines how Latino male faculty members in higher education perceive mentoring both as a mentee and as a mentor. This study also examines the impact of mentoring on professional development and the path of Latino male faculty. Findings illustrate that family values, mentoring in higher education, and desire to pay forward the mentoring experience are factors that impact Latino male faculty perception of mentorship.
{"title":"Mentoring Experiences and Perceptions of Latino Male Faculty in Higher Education","authors":"C. Salinas, Patrick Riley, Lazaro Camacho, Deborah L. Floyd","doi":"10.1177/0739986319900026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0739986319900026","url":null,"abstract":"While some higher education institutions attempt to help support and retain Latino students until graduation, these same institutions often neglect the experiences of Latino faculty members. The main challenges Latino faculties encounter in higher education include cultural taxation, discrimination, and feelings of isolation. Research is limited on the experiences and role of mentorship for Latino male faculty. This phenomenological study examines how Latino male faculty members in higher education perceive mentoring both as a mentee and as a mentor. This study also examines the impact of mentoring on professional development and the path of Latino male faculty. Findings illustrate that family values, mentoring in higher education, and desire to pay forward the mentoring experience are factors that impact Latino male faculty perception of mentorship.","PeriodicalId":13072,"journal":{"name":"Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"117 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0739986319900026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49301062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-11DOI: 10.1177/0739986319899979
Elizabeth A. Jach, Gene W. Gloeckner, Colleen Kohashi
When conducting human subjects research, social and behavioral researchers seeking to study current issues involving immigrants, refugees, and undocumented students must submit their research to an institutional review board (IRB). Research applications proposing to enroll these populations lie outside the scope of vulnerable populations named in the U.S. Code for Federal Regulations (45 CFR 46). Through a consideration of privacy, confidentiality, flexibility in providing protections, and case study examples, this article examines how researchers and IRBs can negotiate protecting participants who may be undocumented while supporting the advancement of research in the midst of the current, and uncertain, political climate.
{"title":"Social and Behavioral Research with Undocumented Immigrants: Navigating an IRB Committee","authors":"Elizabeth A. Jach, Gene W. Gloeckner, Colleen Kohashi","doi":"10.1177/0739986319899979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0739986319899979","url":null,"abstract":"When conducting human subjects research, social and behavioral researchers seeking to study current issues involving immigrants, refugees, and undocumented students must submit their research to an institutional review board (IRB). Research applications proposing to enroll these populations lie outside the scope of vulnerable populations named in the U.S. Code for Federal Regulations (45 CFR 46). Through a consideration of privacy, confidentiality, flexibility in providing protections, and case study examples, this article examines how researchers and IRBs can negotiate protecting participants who may be undocumented while supporting the advancement of research in the midst of the current, and uncertain, political climate.","PeriodicalId":13072,"journal":{"name":"Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"17 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0739986319899979","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43246354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-11DOI: 10.1177/0739986319899735
A. Ardila
In this article, three different aspects of the Spanish-speaking community are analyzed: (1) The idiosyncratic characteristics of the Spanish language, (2) the social dimension of the Spanish speakers, and finally, (3) their cultural manifestations. Two major Hispanic subcultures are distinguished: Iberian Spanish culture and Hispano American culture. Initially, the distribution of Spanish speakers in the world and the major oral and written characteristics of Spanish language are presented. The social characteristics of the Spanish-speaking countries, including economic development, literacy, life expectancy, and Human Development Index, are later discussed. It is emphasized that they represent a group of countries with a significant degree of heterogeneity. Finally, the Iberian Spanish and the Hispano American cultures are analyzed. Five cultural elements are reviewed: (1) ethnic group, (2) language, (3) religion, (4) level of development, and (5) level of schooling. It is concluded that regardless that in Spain, there are important regional differences, it is possible to consider that there is a cultural background common to all Spaniards, which may have specific nuances in each region. Hispano America, on the other hand, from the point of view of its ethnic origin, is 50% descended from Europeans, Indians, and Africans. The other 50% represents a mixture in varying proportions of these ethnic groups and other groups. It is concluded that in Hispano America there is a “base” culture (Hispanic culture) that presents a great variability according to the particular country and region. This base culture emphasizes socially oriented values, such as solidarity, some temporary flexibility, and similar cultural values.
{"title":"Who Are the Spanish Speakers? An Examination of Their Linguistic, Cultural, and Societal Commonalities and Differences","authors":"A. Ardila","doi":"10.1177/0739986319899735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0739986319899735","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, three different aspects of the Spanish-speaking community are analyzed: (1) The idiosyncratic characteristics of the Spanish language, (2) the social dimension of the Spanish speakers, and finally, (3) their cultural manifestations. Two major Hispanic subcultures are distinguished: Iberian Spanish culture and Hispano American culture. Initially, the distribution of Spanish speakers in the world and the major oral and written characteristics of Spanish language are presented. The social characteristics of the Spanish-speaking countries, including economic development, literacy, life expectancy, and Human Development Index, are later discussed. It is emphasized that they represent a group of countries with a significant degree of heterogeneity. Finally, the Iberian Spanish and the Hispano American cultures are analyzed. Five cultural elements are reviewed: (1) ethnic group, (2) language, (3) religion, (4) level of development, and (5) level of schooling. It is concluded that regardless that in Spain, there are important regional differences, it is possible to consider that there is a cultural background common to all Spaniards, which may have specific nuances in each region. Hispano America, on the other hand, from the point of view of its ethnic origin, is 50% descended from Europeans, Indians, and Africans. The other 50% represents a mixture in varying proportions of these ethnic groups and other groups. It is concluded that in Hispano America there is a “base” culture (Hispanic culture) that presents a great variability according to the particular country and region. This base culture emphasizes socially oriented values, such as solidarity, some temporary flexibility, and similar cultural values.","PeriodicalId":13072,"journal":{"name":"Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"41 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0739986319899735","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42909056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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