Ohkyoung Kwon, Yeong Seo Choi, Wonsil Choi, Young-kyu Lee, Jongyeol Choi, Joon weon Choi, In Yang
Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the uptake of castor oil (CAO) in some wood specimens and the effect of CAO on the leaching ability, dimensional stability and fungal-decay resistance of the wood specimens. CAO was infused into the specimens using a pressure treatment. Uptakes of CAO penetrated in yellow poplar (YEP), Japanese cedar (JAC) and Douglas fir (DOF) blocks were higher than 100 %. The leaching ability of the CAO-based suspensions against saline water was the lowest in YEP, followed by Japanese larch (LAR), JAC and DOF. The retention values were 90 % or higher in most of the specimens. Radial and tangential swellings of CAO-treated strips submerged in saline water for 2 weeks were restrained compared to control specimens. No significant differences were found between bending strength and Janka hardness of CAO-treated and control strips. CAO treatment provided acceptable decay resistance to most wood specimens against Fomitopsis palustris and Trametes versicolor . Retention of CAO in the leached strips were identified through X-ray microscopic observation. Based on the results, CAO was determined to be an effective agent for improving the dimensional stability of wood. These results demonstrate the great potential of CAO as an environmentally friendly wood preservative and dimensional stabilizer, allowing CAO-permeated wood as raw materials for both indoor and outdoor use.
{"title":"Decay resistance and dimensional stability of wood impregnated with castor oil using a pressure treatment","authors":"Ohkyoung Kwon, Yeong Seo Choi, Wonsil Choi, Young-kyu Lee, Jongyeol Choi, Joon weon Choi, In Yang","doi":"10.1515/hf-2023-0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2023-0050","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the uptake of castor oil (CAO) in some wood specimens and the effect of CAO on the leaching ability, dimensional stability and fungal-decay resistance of the wood specimens. CAO was infused into the specimens using a pressure treatment. Uptakes of CAO penetrated in yellow poplar (YEP), Japanese cedar (JAC) and Douglas fir (DOF) blocks were higher than 100 %. The leaching ability of the CAO-based suspensions against saline water was the lowest in YEP, followed by Japanese larch (LAR), JAC and DOF. The retention values were 90 % or higher in most of the specimens. Radial and tangential swellings of CAO-treated strips submerged in saline water for 2 weeks were restrained compared to control specimens. No significant differences were found between bending strength and Janka hardness of CAO-treated and control strips. CAO treatment provided acceptable decay resistance to most wood specimens against Fomitopsis palustris and Trametes versicolor . Retention of CAO in the leached strips were identified through X-ray microscopic observation. Based on the results, CAO was determined to be an effective agent for improving the dimensional stability of wood. These results demonstrate the great potential of CAO as an environmentally friendly wood preservative and dimensional stabilizer, allowing CAO-permeated wood as raw materials for both indoor and outdoor use.","PeriodicalId":13083,"journal":{"name":"Holzforschung","volume":"152 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135777679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dao Dougabka, Tikri Bianzeube, Togbé Armel Amadji, Jean Gérard, Wel-Doret Djonglibet, Ilham Bentaleb
Abstract This study involved analysing the carbon-13 isotope ratio (δ 13 C) of cellulose, lignin, and whole wood powder of Balanites aegyptiaca to determine the optimal substrate for future ecophysiological studies. From seven different trees (i.e., three from the Sudanian zone and four from the Chadian Sahelian zone), 21 samples were taken for this study. Identical variation trends were observed with cellulose, lignin, and whole wood powder, with δ 13 C values for cellulose always higher than for the other substrates, although the trees were located under different climatic conditions. The means obtained were −26.0 ‰, −28.7 ‰, and −27.1 ‰, for cellulose, lignin, and whole wood powder, respectively. Spearman’s correlation test, which was used to analyse relationships between the results, revealed a strong correlation ( r 2 = 0.93) between the δ 13 C cellulose values and those of whole wood powder from B . aegyptiaca , as well as between the δ 13 C cellulose values and those of lignin ( r 2 = 0.73). This strong correlation between cellulose and wood powder results, and between cellulose and lignin, suggests that the isolation of cellulose is not necessary for δ 13 C analysis of B . aegyptiaca wood.
{"title":"Comparative study of the stable carbon isotope ratio of cellulose, lignin and whole wood powder of <i>Balanites aegyptiaca</i>","authors":"Dao Dougabka, Tikri Bianzeube, Togbé Armel Amadji, Jean Gérard, Wel-Doret Djonglibet, Ilham Bentaleb","doi":"10.1515/hf-2023-0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2023-0070","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study involved analysing the carbon-13 isotope ratio (δ 13 C) of cellulose, lignin, and whole wood powder of Balanites aegyptiaca to determine the optimal substrate for future ecophysiological studies. From seven different trees (i.e., three from the Sudanian zone and four from the Chadian Sahelian zone), 21 samples were taken for this study. Identical variation trends were observed with cellulose, lignin, and whole wood powder, with δ 13 C values for cellulose always higher than for the other substrates, although the trees were located under different climatic conditions. The means obtained were −26.0 ‰, −28.7 ‰, and −27.1 ‰, for cellulose, lignin, and whole wood powder, respectively. Spearman’s correlation test, which was used to analyse relationships between the results, revealed a strong correlation ( r 2 = 0.93) between the δ 13 C cellulose values and those of whole wood powder from B . aegyptiaca , as well as between the δ 13 C cellulose values and those of lignin ( r 2 = 0.73). This strong correlation between cellulose and wood powder results, and between cellulose and lignin, suggests that the isolation of cellulose is not necessary for δ 13 C analysis of B . aegyptiaca wood.","PeriodicalId":13083,"journal":{"name":"Holzforschung","volume":"91 3-4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135163153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract With the growing risk of fungal degradation in timber-framed structures from significant moisture intrusion events due to climate change, it is increasingly critical to develop mechanistic relationships between fungal degradation mechanisms and the strength of untreated wood components. While extensive work has been performed characterizing wood decay, no study has yet addressed the effects of Meruliporia incrassata on untreated Southern Yellow Pine. This seeks to address this knowledge gap by evaluating the effects of the common brown rot fungus on an ubiquitous building material in the southeast United States – Southern Yellow Pine. Properties of Southern Yellow Pine were evaluated at seven decay stages over the course of 12 weeks of exposure to M. incrassata . Changes in physical properties – mass, density, and moisture content – were measured at each stage. Changes in stiffness were characterized via ultrasonic pulse velocity testing, and thermogravimetric analysis was utilized to assess compositional changes. The study found rapid and significant losses in stiffness at decay stages as early as four-weeks. Hemicellulose and cellulose degradation occurred steadily throughout the decay period. These results can be utilized to develop a stronger understanding of the mechanical behavior of timber-framed structures in the United States degraded by brown rot.
{"title":"Mechanical, physical and compositional effects of <i>Meruliporia incrassata</i> on Southern Yellow Pine","authors":"Garrett Tatum, Natassia Brenkus","doi":"10.1515/hf-2023-0074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2023-0074","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract With the growing risk of fungal degradation in timber-framed structures from significant moisture intrusion events due to climate change, it is increasingly critical to develop mechanistic relationships between fungal degradation mechanisms and the strength of untreated wood components. While extensive work has been performed characterizing wood decay, no study has yet addressed the effects of Meruliporia incrassata on untreated Southern Yellow Pine. This seeks to address this knowledge gap by evaluating the effects of the common brown rot fungus on an ubiquitous building material in the southeast United States – Southern Yellow Pine. Properties of Southern Yellow Pine were evaluated at seven decay stages over the course of 12 weeks of exposure to M. incrassata . Changes in physical properties – mass, density, and moisture content – were measured at each stage. Changes in stiffness were characterized via ultrasonic pulse velocity testing, and thermogravimetric analysis was utilized to assess compositional changes. The study found rapid and significant losses in stiffness at decay stages as early as four-weeks. Hemicellulose and cellulose degradation occurred steadily throughout the decay period. These results can be utilized to develop a stronger understanding of the mechanical behavior of timber-framed structures in the United States degraded by brown rot.","PeriodicalId":13083,"journal":{"name":"Holzforschung","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136105888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alberto António Manhiça, Ernesto Uetimane Júnior, Mohamed Jebrane, Peter R. Gillah
Abstract Natural durability is one of the most rated features in wood end-use applications. In fact, several precious native tropical wood species produce timber of high natural durability, which is also related to long service life even for the highest hazard classes. However, selective logging is driving the existing volume of this group of species to near extinction. The remainder of the alternative species produces perishable timbers, which require synthetic chemical protection to prolong their service life but with detrimental effects on humans and the environment. Therefore, transferable durability has emerged as an alternative to gradually substitute traditional wood preservatives. From this approach, extractives from naturally durable wood species are removed and transferred to the non-durable wood species as an alternative environmental-friendly option for wood protection. Indeed, extractives from durable wood species have proven to have a deterrent effect on fungi, bacteria and termites and could be used to protect perishable wood species. Thus, this review aims to assess the prospects of developing environmentally friendly wood preservatives based on extractives sourced from highly natural, durable wood species to treat and add value to the group of perishable timbers. A step-wise analysis offers insights and challenges on (i) potential sources of extractives; (ii) effective extraction methods; (iii) extractive-based preservative formulation; and (iv) effective treatment methods for better preservative fixation for better wood protection. Accounts about the way forward for the development of extractive-based wood preservatives are also presented.
{"title":"Upgrading the durability of perishable wood species using extractives from side streams of durable wood sawmill operations: a review","authors":"Alberto António Manhiça, Ernesto Uetimane Júnior, Mohamed Jebrane, Peter R. Gillah","doi":"10.1515/hf-2023-0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2023-0049","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Natural durability is one of the most rated features in wood end-use applications. In fact, several precious native tropical wood species produce timber of high natural durability, which is also related to long service life even for the highest hazard classes. However, selective logging is driving the existing volume of this group of species to near extinction. The remainder of the alternative species produces perishable timbers, which require synthetic chemical protection to prolong their service life but with detrimental effects on humans and the environment. Therefore, transferable durability has emerged as an alternative to gradually substitute traditional wood preservatives. From this approach, extractives from naturally durable wood species are removed and transferred to the non-durable wood species as an alternative environmental-friendly option for wood protection. Indeed, extractives from durable wood species have proven to have a deterrent effect on fungi, bacteria and termites and could be used to protect perishable wood species. Thus, this review aims to assess the prospects of developing environmentally friendly wood preservatives based on extractives sourced from highly natural, durable wood species to treat and add value to the group of perishable timbers. A step-wise analysis offers insights and challenges on (i) potential sources of extractives; (ii) effective extraction methods; (iii) extractive-based preservative formulation; and (iv) effective treatment methods for better preservative fixation for better wood protection. Accounts about the way forward for the development of extractive-based wood preservatives are also presented.","PeriodicalId":13083,"journal":{"name":"Holzforschung","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135879250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhisheng Xu, Wenjun Zhao, Long Yan, Xinyu Tang, Yuwei Feng, Zhengyang Wang
Abstract Flame-retardant impregnation and densification are two major modification techniques to improve the fire safety of wood. Here, these two techniques were combined to prepare flame-retarded wood, aiming at further fire hazard reduction. The delignated Pinus sylvestris L. was impregnated with boric acid (BA) and graphene oxide (GO) solutions, then densified to prepare densified flame-retarded wood named BGO-DW sample. The results revealed that the BGO-DW sample obtained a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 47.4 %. Its backside temperature after 1200 s heating was 49 % lower than that of unmodified wood. Besides, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) values of BGO-DW sample were 72 and 62 % lower than those of unmodified wood due to its shorter pyrolysis interval and lower peak mass loss rate (PMLR), as supported by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The flame retardancy of BGO-DW sample could be attributed to the formation of compatible char containing C=C aromatic structure, C–O–C cross-linked structure, and boron trioxide (B2O3) structure. These features of BGO-DW sample offer a new method to improve thermal stability, heat insulation, and flame retardancy for wood and wood-based products.
{"title":"Processing of Pinus sylvestris L. into a heat-insulating, thermally stable, and flame-retarded material by combining the flame-retardant impregnation and densification treatment","authors":"Zhisheng Xu, Wenjun Zhao, Long Yan, Xinyu Tang, Yuwei Feng, Zhengyang Wang","doi":"10.1515/hf-2023-0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2023-0044","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Flame-retardant impregnation and densification are two major modification techniques to improve the fire safety of wood. Here, these two techniques were combined to prepare flame-retarded wood, aiming at further fire hazard reduction. The delignated Pinus sylvestris L. was impregnated with boric acid (BA) and graphene oxide (GO) solutions, then densified to prepare densified flame-retarded wood named BGO-DW sample. The results revealed that the BGO-DW sample obtained a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 47.4 %. Its backside temperature after 1200 s heating was 49 % lower than that of unmodified wood. Besides, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) values of BGO-DW sample were 72 and 62 % lower than those of unmodified wood due to its shorter pyrolysis interval and lower peak mass loss rate (PMLR), as supported by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The flame retardancy of BGO-DW sample could be attributed to the formation of compatible char containing C=C aromatic structure, C–O–C cross-linked structure, and boron trioxide (B2O3) structure. These features of BGO-DW sample offer a new method to improve thermal stability, heat insulation, and flame retardancy for wood and wood-based products.","PeriodicalId":13083,"journal":{"name":"Holzforschung","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45938421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The combination of computer technology and non-destructive testing technology can facilitate the development of forestry in a more intelligent direction. In this paper, a Shapley additive explanations (SHAP)-based method is used to analyse the importance of band features in the near-infrared spectrum of black walnut wood, which ranges from 900 to 1650 nm. The spectral data from the SHAP analysis are fed into an integrated framework of machine learning algorithms based on four different theories. In the comparison tests, three different pre-processed NIR spectral data are entered into the integrated framework. The result of the SHAP analysis shows that the wavelengths that are positively correlated with the air-dry density of black walnut are 1354.59, 1400.23, 1341.51, 1426.26, 1413.25 nm. The model predictions show that the SHAP-treated spectral data outperformed the other two treatments for each model. For the SHAP-treated spectral data, the KNN model gives the best results with an R2 of 0.947 and an MSE of 0.0010.
{"title":"Predicting the air-dry density of black walnut based on NIR analysis","authors":"Zi-Rui Ren, Li Luo, Bin Na","doi":"10.1515/hf-2023-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2023-0036","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The combination of computer technology and non-destructive testing technology can facilitate the development of forestry in a more intelligent direction. In this paper, a Shapley additive explanations (SHAP)-based method is used to analyse the importance of band features in the near-infrared spectrum of black walnut wood, which ranges from 900 to 1650 nm. The spectral data from the SHAP analysis are fed into an integrated framework of machine learning algorithms based on four different theories. In the comparison tests, three different pre-processed NIR spectral data are entered into the integrated framework. The result of the SHAP analysis shows that the wavelengths that are positively correlated with the air-dry density of black walnut are 1354.59, 1400.23, 1341.51, 1426.26, 1413.25 nm. The model predictions show that the SHAP-treated spectral data outperformed the other two treatments for each model. For the SHAP-treated spectral data, the KNN model gives the best results with an R2 of 0.947 and an MSE of 0.0010.","PeriodicalId":13083,"journal":{"name":"Holzforschung","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47408633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Using a Berty-type CSTR reactor, Ji (2007. Kinetics and mechanism of oxygen delignification, Ph.D. thesis. The University of Maine) obtained oxygen delignification kinetics first order in lignin when neglecting the higher initial delignification phase. In the present study the same Berty/CSTR reactor with an improved temperature control was used to determine the oxygen delignification kinetics of Southern Pine kraft pulp, with the kinetics now corrected for lignin removed by oxygen-free alkaline leaching. This removes the initial high delignification rate peak so that the kinetics over the entire lignin range can be modelled as first order in “reactive” lignin, which is lignin corrected for a small amount of unreactive lignin. It suggests that softwood pulp oxygen delignification consists of two contributions; phenolic delignification and alkaline leaching. The initial alkaline leaching phase is mathematically described by semi-infinite alkaline diffusion of dissolved lignin trapped in the cell wall after pulp washing. For phenolic delignification, the reaction orders in alkali concentration and oxygen of the power law delignification equation are 0.3 and 0.44 respectively, while the activation energy is 63 kJ/mol. Taking into account the unreactive HexA, the small amount of unreactive lignin, and the lignin removed by alkaline leaching, the kappa number is well predicted by the new delignification kinetics.
摘要使用Berty型CSTR反应器，Ji（2007。氧脱木素动力学与机理，博士论文。The University of Maine）在忽略较高的初始脱木素阶段时获得了木质素中的氧脱木素动力学一级。在本研究中，使用具有改进的温度控制的相同Berty/CSTR反应器来确定Southern Pine硫酸盐浆的氧脱木素动力学，现在对通过无氧碱性浸出去除木质素的动力学进行校正。这消除了最初的高脱木素速率峰值，从而可以将整个木质素范围内的动力学建模为“反应性”木质素中的一级动力学，即对少量未反应木质素进行校正的木质素。结果表明，软木纸浆氧脱木素主要有两个方面的贡献；苯酚脱木素和碱性浸出。初始碱性浸出阶段在数学上通过纸浆洗涤后截留在细胞壁中的溶解木质素的半无限碱性扩散来描述。对于酚类脱木素，幂律脱木素方程在碱浓度和氧浓度下的反应级数分别为0.3和0.44，而活化能为63 kJ/mol。考虑到未反应的HexA、少量未反应的木质素和碱浸去除的木质素，新的脱木素动力学很好地预测了卡伯值。
{"title":"A new look at the kinetics of oxygen delignification of softwood kraft pulp","authors":"Azadeh Pahlevanzadeh, A. V. van Heiningen","doi":"10.1515/hf-2023-0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2023-0045","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Using a Berty-type CSTR reactor, Ji (2007. Kinetics and mechanism of oxygen delignification, Ph.D. thesis. The University of Maine) obtained oxygen delignification kinetics first order in lignin when neglecting the higher initial delignification phase. In the present study the same Berty/CSTR reactor with an improved temperature control was used to determine the oxygen delignification kinetics of Southern Pine kraft pulp, with the kinetics now corrected for lignin removed by oxygen-free alkaline leaching. This removes the initial high delignification rate peak so that the kinetics over the entire lignin range can be modelled as first order in “reactive” lignin, which is lignin corrected for a small amount of unreactive lignin. It suggests that softwood pulp oxygen delignification consists of two contributions; phenolic delignification and alkaline leaching. The initial alkaline leaching phase is mathematically described by semi-infinite alkaline diffusion of dissolved lignin trapped in the cell wall after pulp washing. For phenolic delignification, the reaction orders in alkali concentration and oxygen of the power law delignification equation are 0.3 and 0.44 respectively, while the activation energy is 63 kJ/mol. Taking into account the unreactive HexA, the small amount of unreactive lignin, and the lignin removed by alkaline leaching, the kappa number is well predicted by the new delignification kinetics.","PeriodicalId":13083,"journal":{"name":"Holzforschung","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44939275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Honda, Shogo Taira, Shiori Suzuki, K. Shikinaka, Kengo Shigetomi, Y. Uraki
Abstract A lignin-based gel prepared by the chemical crosslinking of hardwood acetic acid lignin (AL) with poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether has been reported to shrink in water and organic solvents but swell specifically in aqueous binary solutions. In this study, the AL-based gel was also found to swell in lithium-salt-containing organic solvents, namely, liquid electrolytes. The uptake of salt solutions reached five times the dry weight of the gel. The ionic conductivity of the gel swollen with 1 M LiBF4 in propylene carbonate or a mixed solution (1:1, v/v) of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate exceeded 1 mS cm−1 at room temperature (25 °C), suggesting that this gel can be applied as a gel electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). A prototype LIB was assembled with the AL-based gel electrolyte and LiCoO2/graphite-based electrodes and exhibited low bulk and charge transfer resistances of 4.1 and 9.7 Ω, respectively. Moreover, its initial specific capacity reached 104 mAh g−1 at a current density of 28 mA g−1, which is comparable to that of a reference LIB assembled using a commercial polyethylene separator. These results indicate the significant potential of this lignin-based gel for application in energy storage devices.
摘要:用硬木醋酸木质素(AL)与聚乙二醇二缩水甘油酯醚化学交联制备的木质素基凝胶在水和有机溶剂中收缩，但在二元水溶液中膨胀。在本研究中，al基凝胶在含锂盐的有机溶剂，即液体电解质中也会膨胀。盐溶液的吸收量达到凝胶干重的五倍。在室温(25 ℃)下，在碳酸丙烯酯或碳酸乙烯与碳酸二甲酯的混合溶液(1:1,v/v)中，以1 M LiBF4膨胀的凝胶离子电导率超过1 mS cm−1，表明该凝胶可作为锂离子电池(LIBs)的凝胶电解质。用al基凝胶电解质和LiCoO2/石墨基电极组装了一个原型LIB，其体积和电荷转移电阻分别为4.1和9.7 Ω。此外，在28 mA g−1的电流密度下，其初始比容量达到104 mAh g−1，与使用商用聚乙烯分离器组装的参考LIB相当。这些结果表明，这种木质素基凝胶在储能装置中的应用具有巨大的潜力。
{"title":"Swelling of lignin-based gel in salt-containing organic solvents and its application as gel electrolyte","authors":"F. Honda, Shogo Taira, Shiori Suzuki, K. Shikinaka, Kengo Shigetomi, Y. Uraki","doi":"10.1515/hf-2023-0067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2023-0067","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A lignin-based gel prepared by the chemical crosslinking of hardwood acetic acid lignin (AL) with poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether has been reported to shrink in water and organic solvents but swell specifically in aqueous binary solutions. In this study, the AL-based gel was also found to swell in lithium-salt-containing organic solvents, namely, liquid electrolytes. The uptake of salt solutions reached five times the dry weight of the gel. The ionic conductivity of the gel swollen with 1 M LiBF4 in propylene carbonate or a mixed solution (1:1, v/v) of ethylene carbonate and dimethyl carbonate exceeded 1 mS cm−1 at room temperature (25 °C), suggesting that this gel can be applied as a gel electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). A prototype LIB was assembled with the AL-based gel electrolyte and LiCoO2/graphite-based electrodes and exhibited low bulk and charge transfer resistances of 4.1 and 9.7 Ω, respectively. Moreover, its initial specific capacity reached 104 mAh g−1 at a current density of 28 mA g−1, which is comparable to that of a reference LIB assembled using a commercial polyethylene separator. These results indicate the significant potential of this lignin-based gel for application in energy storage devices.","PeriodicalId":13083,"journal":{"name":"Holzforschung","volume":"0 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41517392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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