Pub Date : 2024-12-19DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3502992
Presents the recipients of IEEE AP-S Edward E. Altshuler Prize Paper Award awards for 2024.
介绍了2024年IEEE AP-S爱德华·e·阿奇舒勒奖论文奖的获得者。
{"title":"2024 IEEE AP-S Edward E. Altshuler Prize Paper Award","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3502992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3502992","url":null,"abstract":"Presents the recipients of IEEE AP-S Edward E. Altshuler Prize Paper Award awards for 2024.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"72 12","pages":"8941-8942"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10807651","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-19DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3503036
Presents the recipients of Outstanding Service awards for 2024.
颁发2024年度杰出服务奖。
{"title":"2024 Outstanding Service Award","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3503036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3503036","url":null,"abstract":"Presents the recipients of Outstanding Service awards for 2024.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"72 12","pages":"8931-8931"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10807665","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-frequency (HF) communications are vital in both military and commercial fields due to their ability to propagate across the horizon. Accurately predicting the maximum usable frequency (MUF) is crucial for improving the efficiency of HF ionospheric propagation. However, when there are only a limited number of ground-based stations for vertical ionospheric sounding, it becomes challenging to infer and predict MUFs in unfamiliar territories. In this article, we present a personalized federated learning framework that utilizes mutual information to make spatiotemporal inferences for MUFs across multiple stations. To begin with, we extract the trend component using time-series decomposition theory and then verify its significant spatial correlation using dynamic time warping (DTW). This enables us to identify the spatial relationships present in the local models of the federated learning system. Next, by monitoring changes in mutual information among different local models during the training phase of the trend component, we verify the existence of these spatial relationships. Furthermore, we introduce and validate the effectiveness of the personalization strategy employed in the proposed framework. Finally, experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework significantly reduces the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) in MUF predictions for ten cities with varying geographic latitudes.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal MUF Inference for HF Communications: A Personalized Federated Learning Framework","authors":"Fandi Lin;Jin Chen;Guoru Ding;Yutao Jiao;Jiangchun Gu","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3516324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3516324","url":null,"abstract":"High-frequency (HF) communications are vital in both military and commercial fields due to their ability to propagate across the horizon. Accurately predicting the maximum usable frequency (MUF) is crucial for improving the efficiency of HF ionospheric propagation. However, when there are only a limited number of ground-based stations for vertical ionospheric sounding, it becomes challenging to infer and predict MUFs in unfamiliar territories. In this article, we present a personalized federated learning framework that utilizes mutual information to make spatiotemporal inferences for MUFs across multiple stations. To begin with, we extract the trend component using time-series decomposition theory and then verify its significant spatial correlation using dynamic time warping (DTW). This enables us to identify the spatial relationships present in the local models of the federated learning system. Next, by monitoring changes in mutual information among different local models during the training phase of the trend component, we verify the existence of these spatial relationships. Furthermore, we introduce and validate the effectiveness of the personalization strategy employed in the proposed framework. Finally, experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework significantly reduces the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) in MUF predictions for ten cities with varying geographic latitudes.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 3","pages":"1805-1818"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fresnel zone plate (FZP)-phase shifting surface (PSS)-based metasurface design techniques have demonstrated advantages in mechanical beam-scanning antenna design. However, mechanical beam-scanning metasurfaces based on PSS are typically limited to narrowband operation and lack broadband capabilities in high millimeter-wave frequencies. To address the limitations of mechanical beam-scanning metasurfaces, a novel high-frequency design approach is proposed, which incorporates hybrid unit cells exhibiting high transmission amplitude and a 60° phase difference across the broadband range. By integrating a combination of identical and nonidentical unit cells, the proposed design enables the realization of arbitrary transmission phase ranges with reduced design complexity. Furthermore, an analysis of the metal layer structure reveals that the introduction of additional resonance variables enhances phase difference stability in the broadband range. A PSS-based broadband mechanical scanning scheme is first proposed in the W-band, which is easy to integrate and has low processing costs. The beam-scanning metasurface predicated on this broadband PSS design achieves a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 20%, offering a promising solution for W-band wireless communication system.
{"title":"Broadband Beam-Scanning Metasurface With Rotatable Phase Shifting Surface","authors":"Luming Zhang;Hao Jiang;Tingxuan Hu;Zhuoyue Wen;Mo Li;Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3515278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3515278","url":null,"abstract":"Fresnel zone plate (FZP)-phase shifting surface (PSS)-based metasurface design techniques have demonstrated advantages in mechanical beam-scanning antenna design. However, mechanical beam-scanning metasurfaces based on PSS are typically limited to narrowband operation and lack broadband capabilities in high millimeter-wave frequencies. To address the limitations of mechanical beam-scanning metasurfaces, a novel high-frequency design approach is proposed, which incorporates hybrid unit cells exhibiting high transmission amplitude and a 60° phase difference across the broadband range. By integrating a combination of identical and nonidentical unit cells, the proposed design enables the realization of arbitrary transmission phase ranges with reduced design complexity. Furthermore, an analysis of the metal layer structure reveals that the introduction of additional resonance variables enhances phase difference stability in the broadband range. A PSS-based broadband mechanical scanning scheme is first proposed in the W-band, which is easy to integrate and has low processing costs. The beam-scanning metasurface predicated on this broadband PSS design achieves a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 20%, offering a promising solution for W-band wireless communication system.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 2","pages":"1239-1244"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143184195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-17DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3515285
Leonardo Mörlein;Dirk Manteuffel
The synthesis of antenna arrays in the presence of mutual coupling using generalized scattering matrices in terms of characteristic modes (CMs) is proposed. For the synthesis, the array is built of synthetic elements that are described by their modal scattering and radiation behavior. In particular, the question of how to describe the degrees of freedom of such elements is addressed. The eigenvalues of the CMs of the element geometry and the modal radiation behavior of the antenna are thereby selected as degrees of freedom for the model of synthetic elements. Using this model and a modal coupling matrix, an approach to optimize the modal configuration of the elements within an array is proposed. Finally, a close to reality example shows how the proposed theory can be used to enhance the cross-polarization rejection of a circularly polarized patch antenna array with a fixed beam.
{"title":"Array Synthesis in Terms of Characteristic Modes and Generalized Scattering Matrices","authors":"Leonardo Mörlein;Dirk Manteuffel","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3515285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3515285","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis of antenna arrays in the presence of mutual coupling using generalized scattering matrices in terms of characteristic modes (CMs) is proposed. For the synthesis, the array is built of synthetic elements that are described by their modal scattering and radiation behavior. In particular, the question of how to describe the degrees of freedom of such elements is addressed. The eigenvalues of the CMs of the element geometry and the modal radiation behavior of the antenna are thereby selected as degrees of freedom for the model of synthetic elements. Using this model and a modal coupling matrix, an approach to optimize the modal configuration of the elements within an array is proposed. Finally, a close to reality example shows how the proposed theory can be used to enhance the cross-polarization rejection of a circularly polarized patch antenna array with a fixed beam.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 2","pages":"986-997"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-16DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3514092
Christian Pichot;Gregory H. Huff;Yang Yang;Zhi Hao Jiang;Xuanfeng Tong;Tian Hong Loh;Ala Alemaryeen;Mahmoud Wagih;Sima Noghanian;Rajesh C. Paryani;Yi Huang;Kunio Sakakibara;Francesca Vipiana;Elise Fear;Saikat Ch. Bakshi;Rod Waterhouse;Julio Urbina;Sascha D. Meinrath;Bono Po-Jen Shih;Rohit Sharma;Vignesh Manohar;Fikadu T. Dagefu;Koichi Ito
In this invited paper, the New Technology Directions Committee (NTDC) of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society (AP-S) presents new and emerging research directions to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. The NTDC consists of three working groups (WGs); the members and collaborators of these groups provide their perspectives on topics related to WG themes in this article. WG-1 focuses on the advancement of materials and manufacturing processes for future antenna applications. WG-2 focuses on advances in communications, sensing, and imaging. WG-3 focuses on maximizing the societal impact of wireless connectivity. The discussion in this article ranges from additive manufacturing (AM) techniques and system integration to advanced communications and quantum-based sensing technologies. Numerous applications are explored and a perspective on the digital divide is offered.
{"title":"New and Emerging Directions in the Fields of Antennas and Propagation","authors":"Christian Pichot;Gregory H. Huff;Yang Yang;Zhi Hao Jiang;Xuanfeng Tong;Tian Hong Loh;Ala Alemaryeen;Mahmoud Wagih;Sima Noghanian;Rajesh C. Paryani;Yi Huang;Kunio Sakakibara;Francesca Vipiana;Elise Fear;Saikat Ch. Bakshi;Rod Waterhouse;Julio Urbina;Sascha D. Meinrath;Bono Po-Jen Shih;Rohit Sharma;Vignesh Manohar;Fikadu T. Dagefu;Koichi Ito","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3514092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3514092","url":null,"abstract":"In this invited paper, the New Technology Directions Committee (NTDC) of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society (AP-S) presents new and emerging research directions to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. The NTDC consists of three working groups (WGs); the members and collaborators of these groups provide their perspectives on topics related to WG themes in this article. WG-1 focuses on the advancement of materials and manufacturing processes for future antenna applications. WG-2 focuses on advances in communications, sensing, and imaging. WG-3 focuses on maximizing the societal impact of wireless connectivity. The discussion in this article ranges from additive manufacturing (AM) techniques and system integration to advanced communications and quantum-based sensing technologies. Numerous applications are explored and a perspective on the digital divide is offered.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 1","pages":"566-581"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10804085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142993617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-16DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3514200
Zhendian Wei;Hao Xue;Yiceng Li;Shihao Zhao;Zizhong Chen;Long Li
A hybrid energy harvesting scheme and system integrating radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic wave and solar energy based on optically transparent metasurface is proposed and constructed for the first time in this article. The scheme combines the RF link and the solar link through the high-efficiency transparent metasurface and rectifier circuit, the solar cell, and the power management circuit. To improve the efficiency of RF energy harvesting, the transparent rectangular metal mesh and the corresponding transparent substrate are combined with metasurface for the first time. Therefore, the loss is effectively reduced and the simulation results show that the scheme improves the efficiency of RF energy harvesting by 20% compared with traditional indium-tin oxide (ITO) thin film devices. Then, the metasurface is optimized with capacitance enhancement design, which uses additional multicross branches to improve the radiation efficiency and the stability of the incident angle, and the metasurface can harvest about 50% of the energy in the vertical direction at ±45°. To construct the system, a transparent metal mesh feed network with low port impedance is designed and integrated with the metasurface so that the inability of mesh lines to simulate high impedance is overcome and the system space is reduced. Also, a 5.8-GHz high-efficiency rectifier circuit is then designed to convert the RF energy harvested by the metasurface into dc, which has a measured rectification efficiency of 68.7%. The designed energy harvesting metasurface has the theoretical and measured transparency of 97.7% and 89.4%, respectively, and the energy harvested by the metasurface and solar energy is mixed through the BQ25504 device to obtain the final energy, which can be widely used to achieve all-weather charging for wireless power devices and sensor networks.
{"title":"A Hybrid RF and Solar Integrated Energy Harvesting System Using Optically Transparent Metasurface","authors":"Zhendian Wei;Hao Xue;Yiceng Li;Shihao Zhao;Zizhong Chen;Long Li","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3514200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3514200","url":null,"abstract":"A hybrid energy harvesting scheme and system integrating radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic wave and solar energy based on optically transparent metasurface is proposed and constructed for the first time in this article. The scheme combines the RF link and the solar link through the high-efficiency transparent metasurface and rectifier circuit, the solar cell, and the power management circuit. To improve the efficiency of RF energy harvesting, the transparent rectangular metal mesh and the corresponding transparent substrate are combined with metasurface for the first time. Therefore, the loss is effectively reduced and the simulation results show that the scheme improves the efficiency of RF energy harvesting by 20% compared with traditional indium-tin oxide (ITO) thin film devices. Then, the metasurface is optimized with capacitance enhancement design, which uses additional multicross branches to improve the radiation efficiency and the stability of the incident angle, and the metasurface can harvest about 50% of the energy in the vertical direction at ±45°. To construct the system, a transparent metal mesh feed network with low port impedance is designed and integrated with the metasurface so that the inability of mesh lines to simulate high impedance is overcome and the system space is reduced. Also, a 5.8-GHz high-efficiency rectifier circuit is then designed to convert the RF energy harvested by the metasurface into dc, which has a measured rectification efficiency of 68.7%. The designed energy harvesting metasurface has the theoretical and measured transparency of 97.7% and 89.4%, respectively, and the energy harvested by the metasurface and solar energy is mixed through the BQ25504 device to obtain the final energy, which can be widely used to achieve all-weather charging for wireless power devices and sensor networks.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 2","pages":"920-927"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143184187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-16DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3514318
Ben A. P. Nel;Anja K. Skrivervik;Mats Gustafsson
This article presents bounds on radiation efficiency and gain for microstrip patch antennas, demonstrating close alignment with the performance of classic antenna designs. These bounds serve as effective benchmarks for assessing antenna performance and evaluating trade-offs and design feasibility. The study particularly addresses the trade-off between miniaturization and performance by comparing bounds for antennas of similar size and frequency, achieved either by using high-permittivity substrates or by optimizing the metallic patch design area. To enhance usability, scaling laws are applied, enabling these bounds to be approximated across a range of frequencies using only data from a half-wavelength patch antenna simulation or measurement. Additionally, the study finds a strong correlation between the established radiation efficiency bounds and lower Q-factor limits (indicative of maximum bandwidth). This relationship is highly advantageous in the design process, as it illustrates how bandwidth and radiation efficiency can be optimized together.
{"title":"Radiation Efficiency and Gain Bounds for Microstrip Patch Antennas","authors":"Ben A. P. Nel;Anja K. Skrivervik;Mats Gustafsson","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3514318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3514318","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents bounds on radiation efficiency and gain for microstrip patch antennas, demonstrating close alignment with the performance of classic antenna designs. These bounds serve as effective benchmarks for assessing antenna performance and evaluating trade-offs and design feasibility. The study particularly addresses the trade-off between miniaturization and performance by comparing bounds for antennas of similar size and frequency, achieved either by using high-permittivity substrates or by optimizing the metallic patch design area. To enhance usability, scaling laws are applied, enabling these bounds to be approximated across a range of frequencies using only data from a half-wavelength patch antenna simulation or measurement. Additionally, the study finds a strong correlation between the established radiation efficiency bounds and lower Q-factor limits (indicative of maximum bandwidth). This relationship is highly advantageous in the design process, as it illustrates how bandwidth and radiation efficiency can be optimized together.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 2","pages":"873-883"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143184074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-13DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2024.3513553
Xiao Sheng Fang;Xiang Li;Chao Qun Li;Yun Ping Gong
A wideband, high-gain, and tri-polarized dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is proposed in this communication. Its three ports employ three sets of high-order modes of the cylindrical DRA: x-polarized HEM$_{31delta }^{text {y}}$ and HEM$_{32delta }^{text {y}}$ modes, y-polarized HEM$_{31delta }^{text {x}}$ and HEM$_{32delta }^{text {x}}$ modes, and vertical-polarized TM$_{02delta }$ and TM$_{03delta }$ modes. By utilizing high-order modes, the DRA is capable of providing an impressive peak gain, but it also brings the challenge of narrow bandwidth. To address this issue, a unified air-filled method that can almost independently expand the bandwidths of the two HEM ports and the TM port is proposed. Specifically, two air rings are introduced at the edge of the cylindrical DRA for the bandwidth enhancement of two HEM ports, while a cylindrical air region is introduced at the bottom center of the DRA for enhancing the bandwidth of the TM port. With an appropriate aspect ratio of the DRA selected, it was also found that each port exhibited mode merging, thus effectively expanding the bandwidth. The experimental findings indicate that the tri-polarized DRA under consideration attains an overlapping impedance bandwidth of 27.7% and a peak gain of 7.46 dBi, which are new heights for the same type of DRA.
{"title":"Wideband, High-Gain, and Tri-Polarized Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna Employing Six High-Order Modes","authors":"Xiao Sheng Fang;Xiang Li;Chao Qun Li;Yun Ping Gong","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3513553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3513553","url":null,"abstract":"A wideband, high-gain, and tri-polarized dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is proposed in this communication. Its three ports employ three sets of high-order modes of the cylindrical DRA: x-polarized HEM<inline-formula> <tex-math>$_{31delta }^{text {y}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and HEM<inline-formula> <tex-math>$_{32delta }^{text {y}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> modes, y-polarized HEM<inline-formula> <tex-math>$_{31delta }^{text {x}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and HEM<inline-formula> <tex-math>$_{32delta }^{text {x}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> modes, and vertical-polarized TM<inline-formula> <tex-math>$_{02delta }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and TM<inline-formula> <tex-math>$_{03delta }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> modes. By utilizing high-order modes, the DRA is capable of providing an impressive peak gain, but it also brings the challenge of narrow bandwidth. To address this issue, a unified air-filled method that can almost independently expand the bandwidths of the two HEM ports and the TM port is proposed. Specifically, two air rings are introduced at the edge of the cylindrical DRA for the bandwidth enhancement of two HEM ports, while a cylindrical air region is introduced at the bottom center of the DRA for enhancing the bandwidth of the TM port. With an appropriate aspect ratio of the DRA selected, it was also found that each port exhibited mode merging, thus effectively expanding the bandwidth. The experimental findings indicate that the tri-polarized DRA under consideration attains an overlapping impedance bandwidth of 27.7% and a peak gain of 7.46 dBi, which are new heights for the same type of DRA.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 2","pages":"1185-1190"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work presents a robust variable thickness design method of airborne radomes to improve the worst case electromagnetic (EM) performance under thickness and material property errors. First, with the inclusion of thickness interpolation, the interval analysis (IA) method with 2-D interpolation of incident angle and polarization angle is extended to the 3-D case. Then, with the error-free boresight error (BSE) and the error-affected transmission loss (TL) interval supremum as objectives, the robust optimization models of variable thickness radomes (VTRs) with or without thickness profile control (TPC) are established. The results of a tangent ogival radome validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with the conventional VTRs, at the cost of tolerable increase of error-free BSE, the TL interval supremum is improved by 15% and 24%, which also implies potential improvement of BSE robustness. Moreover, the first sidelobe level supremums are also reduced.
{"title":"Robust Variable Thickness Design of Airborne Radomes Using 3-D-Interpolation Interval Analysis","authors":"Wanye Xu;Yundou Yang;Chuanwang Cao;Peng Li;Yuanying Qiu","doi":"10.1109/TAP.2024.3513562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2024.3513562","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a robust variable thickness design method of airborne radomes to improve the worst case electromagnetic (EM) performance under thickness and material property errors. First, with the inclusion of thickness interpolation, the interval analysis (IA) method with 2-D interpolation of incident angle and polarization angle is extended to the 3-D case. Then, with the error-free boresight error (BSE) and the error-affected transmission loss (TL) interval supremum as objectives, the robust optimization models of variable thickness radomes (VTRs) with or without thickness profile control (TPC) are established. The results of a tangent ogival radome validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Compared with the conventional VTRs, at the cost of tolerable increase of error-free BSE, the TL interval supremum is improved by 15% and 24%, which also implies potential improvement of BSE robustness. Moreover, the first sidelobe level supremums are also reduced.","PeriodicalId":13102,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","volume":"73 3","pages":"1819-1827"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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