Grid forming control (GFM) based wind farms can support the safe and stable operation of power systems dominated by renewable energy. However, GFM based Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIGs) have difficulties in riding through serious voltage faults. And their grid forming ability is restricted by the power reserve and capacity of the converter. This paper proposes a reconfigured converter architecture for DFIG with SMES integrated into its DC bus. During normal operation, DFIG adopts the GFM strategy for primary frequency regulation. If the frequency modulation capacity of DFIG is inadequate, SMES outputs active power through an energy storage side converter (ESC) to keep the frequency within the specified safety range. When voltage faults occur, SMES outputs dynamic reactive current to support voltage recovery through ESC. The simulation results show that the proposed architecture and strategy can effectively enhance the GFM and voltage ride-through capability of DFIG.
{"title":"SMES Based Reconfigured Converter Architecture for DFIG to Enhance FRT and Grid Forming Capability","authors":"Donghui Song;Zixuan Zheng;Jie Ren;Changsong Li;Qi Xie","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3463257","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3463257","url":null,"abstract":"Grid forming control (GFM) based wind farms can support the safe and stable operation of power systems dominated by renewable energy. However, GFM based Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIGs) have difficulties in riding through serious voltage faults. And their grid forming ability is restricted by the power reserve and capacity of the converter. This paper proposes a reconfigured converter architecture for DFIG with SMES integrated into its DC bus. During normal operation, DFIG adopts the GFM strategy for primary frequency regulation. If the frequency modulation capacity of DFIG is inadequate, SMES outputs active power through an energy storage side converter (ESC) to keep the frequency within the specified safety range. When voltage faults occur, SMES outputs dynamic reactive current to support voltage recovery through ESC. The simulation results show that the proposed architecture and strategy can effectively enhance the GFM and voltage ride-through capability of DFIG.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"34 8","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2024.3463514
Shahriar Hossain;Shuvra Prokash Biswas;Sudipto Mondal;Joysree Nath;Md. Rabiul Islam;Rakibuzzaman Shah
Multilevel inverters (MLIs) have significantly improved the overall performance, dependability and efficiency of the renewable energy system. Moreover, these can be easily integrated with the superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) systems. Maintaining the power qualities of these MLIs is always marked as a major research concern which can be heavily impacted by the pulse width modulation (PWM) strategies. An improved voltage balancing discontinuous PWM (DPWM) scheme is suggested in this work for the single-phase grid-tied 5-level neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter, which can significantly mitigate the fluctuation of the dc-link capacitor voltages as well as the switching losses of the power IGBTs. The reduction in switching losses will give lower thermal stress to the power devices. The proposed DPWM scheme is compared with other existing DPWM schemes for proving its effectiveness. The simulation of the entire system is performed by using MATLAB Simulink and PLECS simulation platform. A lower scale prototype is also constructed in the laboratory.
{"title":"Advanced Voltage Balancing Discontinuous PWM Technique for Solar PV Fed Grid-Tied NPC Inverters","authors":"Shahriar Hossain;Shuvra Prokash Biswas;Sudipto Mondal;Joysree Nath;Md. Rabiul Islam;Rakibuzzaman Shah","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3463514","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3463514","url":null,"abstract":"Multilevel inverters (MLIs) have significantly improved the overall performance, dependability and efficiency of the renewable energy system. Moreover, these can be easily integrated with the superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) systems. Maintaining the power qualities of these MLIs is always marked as a major research concern which can be heavily impacted by the pulse width modulation (PWM) strategies. An improved voltage balancing discontinuous PWM (DPWM) scheme is suggested in this work for the single-phase grid-tied 5-level neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter, which can significantly mitigate the fluctuation of the dc-link capacitor voltages as well as the switching losses of the power IGBTs. The reduction in switching losses will give lower thermal stress to the power devices. The proposed DPWM scheme is compared with other existing DPWM schemes for proving its effectiveness. The simulation of the entire system is performed by using MATLAB Simulink and PLECS simulation platform. A lower scale prototype is also constructed in the laboratory.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"34 8","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142268670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2024.3463258
Lei Chen;Xuefeng Qiao;Man Yang;Jiahui Zhu;Shencong Zheng;Jingguang Tang;Hongkun Chen
This paper studies a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) incorporating battery and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) for the robustness increase of a solid-state transformer (SST), which conducts the voltage conversion and power exchange between different power networks. Firstly, the topological structure and control mode of the SST are stated. Then, to address the SST's voltage stability issue caused by power disturbances, a fuzzy control scheme is presented to adjust the power response of the HESS. Based on the differences in power time scale and charge/discharge behaviors, the proper power allocation law is obtained for the SMES and the battery. In addition, a schematic design of a 10 H/200 A SMES magnet is implemented. The parameters of the HTS magnet, encompassing critical current level, tape length, and magnetic field strength, are refined. Using the MATLAB platform, the performance validation of the SMES-battery in a 10 kV/ 1 kV SST is done. The simulation results affirm the credibility of the SMES-battery in maintaining the power balance and boosting the bus voltage stability of the SST under varying degrees of disturbance. The voltage fluctuations in the DC bus are effectively limited, and the DC voltage promptly returns to a steady state, while the state of charge (SoC) of the SMES-battery is within favorable levels.
{"title":"Investigation of SMES-Battery Hybrid Energy Storage System for Robustness Enhancement of Solid-State Transformer","authors":"Lei Chen;Xuefeng Qiao;Man Yang;Jiahui Zhu;Shencong Zheng;Jingguang Tang;Hongkun Chen","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3463258","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3463258","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) incorporating battery and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) for the robustness increase of a solid-state transformer (SST), which conducts the voltage conversion and power exchange between different power networks. Firstly, the topological structure and control mode of the SST are stated. Then, to address the SST's voltage stability issue caused by power disturbances, a fuzzy control scheme is presented to adjust the power response of the HESS. Based on the differences in power time scale and charge/discharge behaviors, the proper power allocation law is obtained for the SMES and the battery. In addition, a schematic design of a 10 H/200 A SMES magnet is implemented. The parameters of the HTS magnet, encompassing critical current level, tape length, and magnetic field strength, are refined. Using the MATLAB platform, the performance validation of the SMES-battery in a 10 kV/ 1 kV SST is done. The simulation results affirm the credibility of the SMES-battery in maintaining the power balance and boosting the bus voltage stability of the SST under varying degrees of disturbance. The voltage fluctuations in the DC bus are effectively limited, and the DC voltage promptly returns to a steady state, while the state of charge (SoC) of the SMES-battery is within favorable levels.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"34 8","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-temperature superconducting (HTS) inductors have the advantages of low loss, low charging power, and long-term energy storage, making them very suitable for high-power inductive pulse power supplies (IPPS) for continuous electromagnetic launch (EML). However, driving the rail type EML requires high amplitude and a certain pulse width of the current pulse. The current inductive pulse power supply modes are difficult to meet this requirement. For this issue, this paper proposes a new multi-module IPPS circuit based on high-temperature superconducting pulse power transformers (HTSPPT). The proposed pulse power supply consists of three groups of HTSPPTs, each group consisting of 12 HTSPPTs forming a circular structure. By delaying parallel discharge of three sets of HTSPPT modules, high amplitude and wide pulse width current pulses can be generated. The feasibility of this power supply mode was preliminarily verified through simulation in the paper.
{"title":"A Multi-Module HTS Inductive Pulse Power Supply With Wide Current Pulse Output","authors":"Haitao Li;Changyong Hu;Tianli Dai;Zhenmei Li;Yuanchao Hu;Peng Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3463508","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3463508","url":null,"abstract":"High-temperature superconducting (HTS) inductors have the advantages of low loss, low charging power, and long-term energy storage, making them very suitable for high-power inductive pulse power supplies (IPPS) for continuous electromagnetic launch (EML). However, driving the rail type EML requires high amplitude and a certain pulse width of the current pulse. The current inductive pulse power supply modes are difficult to meet this requirement. For this issue, this paper proposes a new multi-module IPPS circuit based on high-temperature superconducting pulse power transformers (HTSPPT). The proposed pulse power supply consists of three groups of HTSPPTs, each group consisting of 12 HTSPPTs forming a circular structure. By delaying parallel discharge of three sets of HTSPPT modules, high amplitude and wide pulse width current pulses can be generated. The feasibility of this power supply mode was preliminarily verified through simulation in the paper.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"34 8","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the gradual increase in high capacity doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) in recent years, turn-to-turn short-circuit (TTSC) faults have become a greater threat. Notably, owing to the absence of an effective fault model, the specific TTSC fault behaviors of DFIGs remain to be clarified. This study proposes a comprehensive field–circuit coupling model of stator TTSC faults inside a DFIG, which captures a two-way interaction between the circuit and field domains. Meanwhile, the control strategy for DFIG back-to-back converters is also considered in this computational model. Moreover, the nonlinear resistance of the fault arc is simultaneously calculated by using a black box model in the circuit domain. A 1.5 MW DFIG with its control system was modeled and simulated to suffer a series of TTSC faults. Fault features, including the distributions of magnetic flux density, short-circuit currents, and terminal behaviors, were revealed, and the influencing factors regarding the fault types, severities and locations were discussed. The proposed comprehensive model and the derived characteristic signatures provide insights into the development of sensitive and reliable relay protection schemes for TTSC faults in DFIGs and are expected to promote subsequent research on fault detection and diagnosis in electric machinery controlled by power electronics.
{"title":"Comprehensive Modeling and Analysis of Stator Turn-to-Turn Short-Circuit Faults in a DFIG","authors":"Chenguang Yan;Weixiang Wang;Qinzhi Liu;Zhangheng Liu;Jin Shu;Jikai Zhao;Baohui Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3463255","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3463255","url":null,"abstract":"With the gradual increase in high capacity doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) in recent years, turn-to-turn short-circuit (TTSC) faults have become a greater threat. Notably, owing to the absence of an effective fault model, the specific TTSC fault behaviors of DFIGs remain to be clarified. This study proposes a comprehensive field–circuit coupling model of stator TTSC faults inside a DFIG, which captures a two-way interaction between the circuit and field domains. Meanwhile, the control strategy for DFIG back-to-back converters is also considered in this computational model. Moreover, the nonlinear resistance of the fault arc is simultaneously calculated by using a black box model in the circuit domain. A 1.5 MW DFIG with its control system was modeled and simulated to suffer a series of TTSC faults. Fault features, including the distributions of magnetic flux density, short-circuit currents, and terminal behaviors, were revealed, and the influencing factors regarding the fault types, severities and locations were discussed. The proposed comprehensive model and the derived characteristic signatures provide insights into the development of sensitive and reliable relay protection schemes for TTSC faults in DFIGs and are expected to promote subsequent research on fault detection and diagnosis in electric machinery controlled by power electronics.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"34 8","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2024.3463256
Nana Wang;Wenyi Li;Jianqiu Li;Xiaolong Li;Xuan Gong
Dissolved gas analysis in oil is an effective method for early fault diagnosis of transformers. Predicting future concentrations of characteristic gases can aid maintenance personnel in assessing the operational trends of transformers, thereby ensuring stable performance. To address the challenge of predicting dissolved gas content caused by inherent nonlinearity and non-stationarity, this paper proposes an ensemble empirical mode decomposition-cuckoo search-support vector regression (EEMD-CS-SVR) combined prediction model, utilizing ensemble empirical mode decomposition and support vector regression optimized by the cuckoo search algorithm. Firstly, EEMD is used to decompose the original dissolved gas content time series into a set of stationary modal components. Subsequently, SVR, known for its strong predictive performance, is employed to predict each modal component separately. Finally, CS is applied for global search to optimize and select SVR parameters, with the predicted dissolved gas content results being overlaid and reconstructed. Simulation experiments on H 2 content show the mean absolute percentage error of 1.81% and the root mean square error of 0.707 µL/L, significantly enhancing prediction accuracy. Further validation through modeling and predicting CO and CH 4 confirms the model's high accuracy and suitability for forecasting dissolved gas content in transformer oil.
{"title":"Prediction of Dissolved Gas Content in Transformer Oil Using the Improved SVR Model","authors":"Nana Wang;Wenyi Li;Jianqiu Li;Xiaolong Li;Xuan Gong","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3463256","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3463256","url":null,"abstract":"Dissolved gas analysis in oil is an effective method for early fault diagnosis of transformers. Predicting future concentrations of characteristic gases can aid maintenance personnel in assessing the operational trends of transformers, thereby ensuring stable performance. To address the challenge of predicting dissolved gas content caused by inherent nonlinearity and non-stationarity, this paper proposes an ensemble empirical mode decomposition-cuckoo search-support vector regression (EEMD-CS-SVR) combined prediction model, utilizing ensemble empirical mode decomposition and support vector regression optimized by the cuckoo search algorithm. Firstly, EEMD is used to decompose the original dissolved gas content time series into a set of stationary modal components. Subsequently, SVR, known for its strong predictive performance, is employed to predict each modal component separately. Finally, CS is applied for global search to optimize and select SVR parameters, with the predicted dissolved gas content results being overlaid and reconstructed. Simulation experiments on H\u0000<sub>2</sub>\u0000 content show the mean absolute percentage error of 1.81% and the root mean square error of 0.707 µL/L, significantly enhancing prediction accuracy. Further validation through modeling and predicting CO and CH\u0000<sub>4</sub>\u0000 confirms the model's high accuracy and suitability for forecasting dissolved gas content in transformer oil.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"34 8","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2024.3463513
Zhenjie Gong;Xin Ba;Chengning Zhang;Youguang Guo
Due to the availability of extended applications for the reluctance torque, increasing incorporation of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) has been observed in the electric drive system, and to save energy and improve operation efficiency, the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control has attracted a lot of academic attention. However, in the traditional MTPA, the optimization objective of tracking the minimum armature current only applies to the situation where the energy consumption in the winding resistance is imposed as the sole constraint. The energy consumption in the core material, i.e., core loss, will grow as motor load and frequency increase, and hence the efficiency optimization control of the IPMSM should also consider the core loss. Firstly, this article proposes a novel mathematical model of the IPMSM which enables the establishment of control algorithms with predictable core loss. Then, a novel MTPA is proposed which can simultaneously optimize the copper loss and core loss to maximize the utilization of phase currents and minimize the electromagnetic losses of the IPMSM. To verify the superiority of the proposed MTPA, the analytical results are compared with the conventional MTPA and Id = 0 control methods.
{"title":"Enhanced Maximum Torque per Ampere Control With Predictable Core Loss for the Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor","authors":"Zhenjie Gong;Xin Ba;Chengning Zhang;Youguang Guo","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3463513","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3463513","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the availability of extended applications for the reluctance torque, increasing incorporation of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) has been observed in the electric drive system, and to save energy and improve operation efficiency, the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control has attracted a lot of academic attention. However, in the traditional MTPA, the optimization objective of tracking the minimum armature current only applies to the situation where the energy consumption in the winding resistance is imposed as the sole constraint. The energy consumption in the core material, i.e., core loss, will grow as motor load and frequency increase, and hence the efficiency optimization control of the IPMSM should also consider the core loss. Firstly, this article proposes a novel mathematical model of the IPMSM which enables the establishment of control algorithms with predictable core loss. Then, a novel MTPA is proposed which can simultaneously optimize the copper loss and core loss to maximize the utilization of phase currents and minimize the electromagnetic losses of the IPMSM. To verify the superiority of the proposed MTPA, the analytical results are compared with the conventional MTPA and \u0000<italic>I<sub>d</sub></i>\u0000 = 0 control methods.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"34 8","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Damages of transformer windings caused by short-circuit (SC) faults have long been an issue of concern. In this paper, a numerical method on the basis of electromagnetic–mechanical (E–M) coupling analysis is presented. Considering the nonlinear stress-strain relations of copper conductors and insulation spacers, winding mechanical behaviors are simulated under multiple SC faults by implementing the finite element method (FEM) in ANSYS. Furthermore, an actual full-scale 110 kV transformer is subjected to actual SC faults. Due to initial deformations in the winding, significant distortion occurred in the B-phase winding after five SC fault tests. Numerically simulated results and on-site experimental evidences indicate that once the winding undergoes slight deformation, the impact of SC currents will create a significant imbalance in stress distribution, and the increased stress in the fault areas exacerbates the deformation of the winding under multiple SC faults. These intensified effects could ultimately lead to damage or collapse of the winding during multiple SC fault events.
{"title":"Numerical and Experimental Investigations on Transformer Winding Damages Under Multiple Short-Circuit Faults","authors":"Chenguang Yan;Che Xu;Hao Liu;Shiqi Kang;Baohui Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3463515","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3463515","url":null,"abstract":"Damages of transformer windings caused by short-circuit (SC) faults have long been an issue of concern. In this paper, a numerical method on the basis of electromagnetic–mechanical (E–M) coupling analysis is presented. Considering the nonlinear stress-strain relations of copper conductors and insulation spacers, winding mechanical behaviors are simulated under multiple SC faults by implementing the finite element method (FEM) in ANSYS. Furthermore, an actual full-scale 110 kV transformer is subjected to actual SC faults. Due to initial deformations in the winding, significant distortion occurred in the B-phase winding after five SC fault tests. Numerically simulated results and on-site experimental evidences indicate that once the winding undergoes slight deformation, the impact of SC currents will create a significant imbalance in stress distribution, and the increased stress in the fault areas exacerbates the deformation of the winding under multiple SC faults. These intensified effects could ultimately lead to damage or collapse of the winding during multiple SC fault events.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"34 8","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142268671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2024.3463259
Shuai Wang;Mingyao Lin
This article proposes an axial-field permanent magnet (AFPM) machine topology, in which two stators with splitting teeth and a rotor with N-iron PM arrangement are included. Specifically designed for direct-drive electric vehicle (EV) applications, this machine boasts a compact structure and high torque density. This paper comprehensively outlines the topology and operation principles governing the AFFMPM machine, with a focused exploration of its evolution process from the axial-field magnetic gear. Utilizing the three-dimensional finite element method (3D FEM), the proposed AFPM machine's electromagnetic characteristics are demonstrated. The results reveal a remarkable enhancement compared to the baseline AFPM model, achieving a 108% increase in torque and a 166% improvement in torque/PM volume. The AFPM prototype is constructed and experimented to confirm the analysis.
{"title":"Design of an Axial-Field Flux-Modulated Permanent Magnet Machine for Electric Vehicles","authors":"Shuai Wang;Mingyao Lin","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3463259","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3463259","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes an axial-field permanent magnet (AFPM) machine topology, in which two stators with splitting teeth and a rotor with N-iron PM arrangement are included. Specifically designed for direct-drive electric vehicle (EV) applications, this machine boasts a compact structure and high torque density. This paper comprehensively outlines the topology and operation principles governing the AFFMPM machine, with a focused exploration of its evolution process from the axial-field magnetic gear. Utilizing the three-dimensional finite element method (3D FEM), the proposed AFPM machine's electromagnetic characteristics are demonstrated. The results reveal a remarkable enhancement compared to the baseline AFPM model, achieving a 108% increase in torque and a 166% improvement in torque/PM volume. The AFPM prototype is constructed and experimented to confirm the analysis.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"34 8","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2024.3462796
A. Card;A. Deller;M. R. Stoneking;J. von der Linden;E. V. Stenson
In this article, we demonstrate in-vacuum magnetic levitation of a compact high-temperature superconducting coil, which has been designed for magnetic confinement of an electron–positron pair plasma. The closed no-insulation rare-earth barium copper oxide coil was energized with a persistent current to generate a dipole magnetic field and then magnetically levitated by a water-cooled copper lifting coil located above. The vertical position of the floating coil was measured by an array of laser position sensors. Stable levitation was achieved by continuous adjustment of the lifting coil current using a 1-kHz proportional–integral–derivative feedback loop implemented by a field-programmable gate array. The feedback parameters were optimized with a 1-D simulation of the levitation system. A levitation time in excess of 3 h was achieved with a mean vertical displacement from the set point position of $-text{3 } mu rm {text{m}}$ and a standard deviation of $sigma _{z} = text{18 }mu rm {text{m}}$ .
{"title":"FPGA-Stabilized Magnetic Levitation of the APEX-LD High-Temperature Superconducting Coil","authors":"A. Card;A. Deller;M. R. Stoneking;J. von der Linden;E. V. Stenson","doi":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3462796","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TASC.2024.3462796","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we demonstrate in-vacuum magnetic levitation of a compact high-temperature superconducting coil, which has been designed for magnetic confinement of an electron–positron pair plasma. The closed no-insulation rare-earth barium copper oxide coil was energized with a persistent current to generate a dipole magnetic field and then magnetically levitated by a water-cooled copper lifting coil located above. The vertical position of the floating coil was measured by an array of laser position sensors. Stable levitation was achieved by continuous adjustment of the lifting coil current using a 1-kHz proportional–integral–derivative feedback loop implemented by a field-programmable gate array. The feedback parameters were optimized with a 1-D simulation of the levitation system. A levitation time in excess of 3 h was achieved with a mean vertical displacement from the set point position of \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$-text{3 } mu rm {text{m}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 and a standard deviation of \u0000<inline-formula><tex-math>$sigma _{z} = text{18 }mu rm {text{m}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000.","PeriodicalId":13104,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity","volume":"34 9","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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