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Assessing climate change impacts on extreme rainfall and severe flooding during the summer monsoon season in the Ishikari River basin, Japan 评估气候变化对日本石kari河流域夏季季风季节极端降雨和严重洪水的影响
IF 1.1 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.3178/hrl.14.155
Thu Thanh Nguyen, M. Nakatsugawa, T. Yamada, T. Hoshino
: This study investigates the change in extreme rainfall and river flooding for a large river basin due to climate change during the summer monsoon using a large ensemble dataset (d4PDF) coupled with the Integrated Flood Analy‐ sis System (IFAS). Frequent severe flooding causes signifi‐ cant damage in Japan. Therefore, we aim to provide useful information to mitigate flood damage. The study area is the Ishikari River basin (IRB) in Hokkaido, Japan. We used the d4PDF 5-km downscaled rainfall data as input for the IFAS model. The results showed that, for a given increase in extreme rainfall, the discharges from the IRB and its main sub-basins increase to a greater extent. The differences between the time of peak discharge at the reference stations in each tributary and the time of peak water level at the confluence points in the main river are evaluated. Climate change effects are significant in the southern sub-basins, wherein the amount of extreme rainfall increases by 29%– 35%, whereas the river discharge increases drastically (37%–56%). Additionally, the time difference decreases by 1.02–2.14 h. These findings will help policymakers develop future flood control measures in flood-prone areas.
本研究利用大型集合数据集(d4PDF)和综合洪水分析系统(IFAS),研究了夏季季风期间气候变化导致的大型河流流域极端降雨和河流洪水的变化。频繁的严重洪水给日本造成了巨大的损失。因此,我们的目标是提供有用的信息,以减轻洪水的损害。研究区域为日本北海道石kari河流域(IRB)。我们使用d4PDF 5公里缩小的降雨数据作为IFAS模式的输入。结果表明:极端降水增加时,中山带及其主要子流域的径流量增加幅度更大;评价了各支流参考站的流量峰值时间与干流汇合点的水位峰值时间的差异。气候变化对南部次流域的影响显著,极端降雨量增加29% ~ 35%,而河流流量急剧增加37% ~ 56%。时差减小1.02 ~ 2.14 h。研究结果将有助于决策者制定未来洪水易发地区的防洪措施。
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引用次数: 5
Use of high-resolution elevation data to assess the vulnerability of the Bangkok metropolitan area to sea level rise 利用高分辨率高程数据评估曼谷大都市区对海平面上升的脆弱性
IF 1.1 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.3178/hrl.14.136
T. Tebakari
Using high-resolution elevation data (2 m × 2 m), obtained during a 2012 aerial Lidar survey as part of the Chao Phraya River basin flood management project in Thailand, we assessed the impact of sea level rise due to climate change on the Bangkok metropolitan area. The area below the current median tide of 1.11 m was estimated to be 2,520 km2, with a vulnerable population of 3.9 million, equivalent to 23% of the total population of the Bangkok metropolitan area. In the worst-case scenario of Represen‐ tative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 (sea level rise of +1.10 m), the affected area would extend to 6,140 km2, increasing the estimated vulnerable population by 86% to 7.2 million. With a sea level rise of less than +1.10 m, the affected area would extend from the Chao Phraya River mouth to Suphan Buri, which is about 80 km inland; how‐ ever, the density of the vulnerable population would increase. The results of this study suggest that sea level rise adaptation measures, such as migration and settlement, must be developed as soon as possible.
作为泰国湄南河流域洪水管理项目的一部分,我们利用2012年空中激光雷达调查获得的高分辨率高程数据(2米× 2米),评估了气候变化导致的海平面上升对曼谷市区的影响。目前中位水位111米以下的面积估计为2520平方公里,脆弱人口为390万,相当于曼谷大都市区总人口的23%。在代表性浓度路径(RCP) 8.5(海平面上升+1.10 m)的最坏情况下,受影响区域将扩大到6140平方公里,估计脆弱人口将增加86%,达到720万人。如果海平面上升不到+1.10米,受影响的地区将从湄南河河口延伸到内陆约80公里的素潘武里;无论如何,脆弱人口的密度将会增加。这项研究的结果表明,必须尽快制定适应海平面上升的措施,如移民和定居。
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引用次数: 0
Estimation of long-term external nutrient loading from watersheds to Lake Biwa by a combined rainfall-runoff model and loading-discharge curve approach 基于降雨-径流模型和负荷-流量曲线法的琵琶湖流域长期外部养分负荷估算
IF 1.1 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.3178/hrl.14.143
Huu Le Tien, K. Okubo, Phuong Tham Ho Thi, M. Saito
External nutrient loadings to Lake Biwa were estimated using a combined tank model and loading-discharge curve approach. The model was applied to collective drainage basins of the lake’s Imazu (northwest), Hikone (northeast), and Otsu (south) areas. The hourly model was conducted using particular discharges from Kita (Ado) river, Takatoki (Ane) river, and Yasu River to obtain loading curves for phosphate (PO4) and silica (SiO2) by assimilating measured concentrations (2002–2003). The tank model was updated by adding an evapotranspiration routine and direct paths of groundwater discharges to the lake floor. The daily model was calibrated through analysis of water budget among the basin, inflow, lake and outflow, and then validated. The model was established and combined into a loadingdischarge curve to determine the long-term external nutri‐ ent loadings entering the lake (1980–2017). Seasonal varia‐ tion in nutrient loadings increased during spring and summer and decreased during winter. Annual phosphatephosphorus (PO4-P) loading ranged from 217 to 296 tons yr–1 in the North Basin and 45 to 76 tons yr–1 in the South Basin, while SiO2 loading fluctuated from 16,027 to 32,655 tons yr–1 and 2,518 to 5,490 tons yr–1 in the North and South Basins, respectively.
采用水池模型和负荷-流量曲线法对琵琶湖的外部养分负荷进行了估算。该模型应用于该湖泊西北部的今津、东北部的彦根和南部的大津地区的集体流域。利用基多河(Ado)、高木河(Ane)和Yasu河的特定排放进行逐时模型,通过同化测量浓度获得磷酸盐(PO4)和二氧化硅(SiO2)的负荷曲线(2002-2003年)。水箱模型通过添加蒸发蒸腾常规和地下水排放到湖底的直接路径进行了更新。通过分析流域、入流、湖泊和出水口之间的水量收支,对日模型进行了标定,并进行了验证。建立模型并将其结合到负荷-排放曲线中,确定了1980-2017年长期入湖的外部养分负荷。养分负荷的季节变化在春季和夏季增加,在冬季减少。北盆地磷磷(PO4-P)年负荷量为217 ~ 296 t /年,南盆地为45 ~ 76 t /年,北盆地和南盆地SiO2年负荷量分别为16027 ~ 32655 t /年和2518 ~ 5490 t /年。
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引用次数: 4
An application of the automatic domain updating to the Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia 域自动更新在柬埔寨洞里萨湖的应用
IF 1.1 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.3178/hrl.14.68
Tomohiro Tanaka, H. Yoshioka
: Simulating flow dynamics in large-scale lakes is often time-consuming. For river flood simulation, the automatic domain updating (ADU), which can effectively control the simulation domain only in and around the flooded areas, has recently been developed. It is easily implementable without any computational errors for river flood simulation; however, its applicability to lake flow simulation with pre‐ cipitation/evapotranspiration has not been investigated. This study examines the applicability of the ADU to large-scale lake flow simulation with the 2-dimensional local inertial equations (2D-LIE) taking the Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia, as a study site. The 2D-LIE with the ADU demonstrated 2.1 times faster simulation with errors less than 5.5%. This efficiency was achieved owing to the wet/dry seasonal nature of the tropical lake and backflow from the mainstream of the Mekong River in the rainy sea‐ son, suggesting that the ADU is applicable to large-scale lake flow simulation.
模拟大尺度湖泊的流动动力学常常是费时的。在河流洪水模拟中,自动域更新(ADU)是近年来发展起来的一种能够有效控制洪水区域及其周边模拟域的方法。该方法易于实现,无计算误差;然而,其在含降水/蒸散的湖流模拟中的适用性尚未得到研究。本研究以柬埔寨洞里萨湖为研究点,考察了ADU在二维局部惯性方程(2D-LIE)下大尺度湖泊流模拟中的适用性。采用ADU的2D-LIE仿真速度提高了2.1倍,误差小于5.5%。这是由于热带湖泊的干湿季节性和湄公河干流在雨季的回流特性,表明ADU适用于大尺度湖泊流量模拟。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of bedrock groundwater dynamics on runoff generation: a case study on granodiorite headwater catchments, western Tanzawa Mountains, Japan 基岩地下水动态对径流生成的影响:以日本西部坦泽山花岗闪长岩源集水区为例
IF 1.1 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.3178/hrl.14.62
Yutaka Abe, Y. Uchiyama, M. Saito, Mitsuru Ohira, T. Yokoyama
: This study investigated runoff to clarify the effect of bedrock groundwater dynamics on runoff generation pro‐ cesses in granodiorite headwater catchments (NA and NB) located in the western Tanzawa Mountains, Central Japan. The rainfall–runoff response and water balance calculated using the hydrological cycle (HYCY) model with outflow were also analyzed based on the observed precipitation, runoff, and bedrock groundwater level (at a depth of 50 m). In 2013, the annual runoff rate was 398 mm (21% of the rainfall) in NA and 1209 mm (63% of the rainfall) in NB, respectively. The bedrock groundwater level varied for approximately 3 m, and responded to 30-mm rainfall events. The significant relationship between the base flow and bedrock groundwater level indicated that the bedrock groundwater markedly influenced base flow generation. The calculated annual bedrock infiltration values of 656 mm (34% of the rainfall) in NA and 52 mm (3% of the rainfall) in NB significantly influenced the runoff rate. Our results demonstrated that significant and negligible amounts of bedrock groundwater infiltration were observed, even in neighboring catchments. Those bedrock groundwater dynamics significantly influenced the observed differences in the runoff rate and base flow gener‐ ation.
本研究对日本中部坦泽山脉西部花岗闪长岩源集水区(NA和NB)的径流进行了研究,以阐明基岩地下水动力学对产流过程的影响。基于实测降水、径流和基岩地下水位(50 m深),利用HYCY模型计算出的降水-径流响应和水量平衡。2013年,NA区年径流量为398 mm(占降雨量的21%),NB区为1209 mm(占降雨量的63%)。基岩地下水位变化约3 m,并响应30 mm降雨事件。基流与基岩地下水位的显著关系表明基岩地下水位对基流的产生有显著影响。计算得到的年基岩入渗值在北侧为656 mm(占降雨量的34%),在北侧为52 mm(占降雨量的3%),对径流速率有显著影响。我们的结果表明,即使在邻近的集水区,也观察到大量的基岩地下水渗入。这些基岩地下水动态显著影响了观测到的径流速率和基流生成的差异。
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引用次数: 2
Comparison of runoff generation methods for land use impact assessment using the SWAT model in humid tropics 基于SWAT模型的湿润热带地区土地利用影响评价产流方法比较
IF 1.1 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.3178/hrl.14.81
E. Yamamoto, T. Sayama, Kodai Yamamoto, Apip
Hydrological responses due to deforestation in a humid tropical catchment were analyzed using two runoff genera‐ tion methods available in the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model: the Curve Number (CN) and the GreenAmpt (GA) methods. The calibrated model, which per‐ formed well in simulating runoff under present land use condition in the Batanghari River Basin, Indonesia (42,960 km2), was then used to simulate runoff using past and future land use scenarios. Simulations showed similar changes in the annual water budget: decreasing evaporation and increasing total discharge. However, the two methods showed opposite changes in flow regimes: high flow increased (13%) under the CN while low flow increased (27%) under the GA. These results are associated with dif‐ ferences in runoff generation mechanisms, where surface runoff contributes to total discharge to a much larger extent under the CN (43%) than the GA (4%). Land use changes caused a reduction in infiltration rate, leading to higher high flow under the CN, while high flow did not change under the GA. Instead, lower evapotranspiration increased groundwater flow under the GA, and thus the steady low flow increased. This study suggests that the runoff genera‐ tion method should be selected carefully based on the dom‐ inant flow pathway of a catchment, particularly for land use impact studies in the humid tropics.
利用土壤水分评估工具(SWAT)模型中的两种径流生成方法:曲线数(CN)和GreenAmpt (GA)方法,分析了热带湿润流域森林砍伐引起的水文响应。校正后的模型可以很好地模拟印尼巴丹哈里河流域(42,960平方公里)当前土地利用条件下的径流,然后用于模拟过去和未来土地利用情景下的径流。模拟结果显示了相似的年水收支变化:蒸发量减少,总排放量增加。然而,两种方法的流型变化相反,在CN下高流量增加(13%),而在GA下低流量增加(27%)。这些结果与产流机制的差异有关,在CN下,地表径流对总流量的贡献(43%)比GA(4%)大得多。土地利用变化导致入渗速率降低,CN下高流量增大,而GA下高流量没有变化。相反,低蒸散发增加了GA下的地下水流量,从而增加了稳定的低流量。这项研究表明,径流生成方法应根据集水区的主要流量路径仔细选择,特别是在潮湿热带地区的土地利用影响研究中。
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引用次数: 8
Long-term effects of evapotranspiration on the flow duration curve in a coniferous plantation forest over 40 years 40年针叶林蒸散对流量持续曲线的长期影响
IF 1.1 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.3178/hrl.14.1
K. Tsuruta, Y. Kosugi, M. Katsuyama, K. Kosugi, Masakazu Suzuki, M. Tani
: We quantified long-term trends in evapotranspiration, runoff, and deep percolation using 40 years of hydrological data, examining the effects of evapotranspiration on runoff during forest development in a coniferous species. Using the flow duration curve, we evaluated the effects of evapo‐ transpiration on the entire range of flow stages (high to low flows). During the 40-year forest development, deep perco‐ lation ranged from 97 mm to 105 mm. Annual evapotran‐ spiration increased by 623–766 mm, which appeared to be caused by increased air temperature as well as forest devel‐ opment. Annual runoff consequently decreased by 937– 777 mm. In particular, pronounced decreases in daily flow were found with an exceedance probability of >11% in the flow duration curve. Long-term effects of evapotranspira‐ tion on runoff during forest development continued for a longer period than predicted by previous catchment studies of ~20 years duration. Our results suggest that the long-term patterns of evapotranspiration and runoff during forest development would differ from those reported by previous catchment studies under climate warming conditions and highlight the need for further research into separating the effects of forest development and increasing air tempera‐ ture on evapotranspiration in long-term hydrological data.
我们利用40年的水文数据量化了蒸散发、径流和深渗的长期趋势,研究了针叶林物种在森林发展过程中蒸散发对径流的影响。利用流动持续时间曲线,我们评估了蒸散发对整个流动阶段(高流量到低流量)的影响。在40年的森林发展过程中,深度透化在97 ~ 105 mm之间。年蒸散量增加623 ~ 766 mm,这可能是由于气温升高和森林发育所致。年径流量因此减少了937 - 777毫米。特别是,在流量持续时间曲线上,发现日流量明显减少,超出概率为bbbb11 %。在森林发展过程中,蒸散对径流的长期影响持续的时间比以前的流域研究预测的持续时间更长,持续时间约为20年。我们的研究结果表明,在气候变暖条件下,森林发展过程中蒸散发和径流的长期模式可能与以前的流域研究报告不同,并强调需要进一步研究森林发展和气温升高对长期水文数据中蒸散发的影响。
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引用次数: 5
Experimental assessment of solute dispersion in stratified porous media 层状多孔介质中溶质分散的实验评价
IF 1.1 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.3178/hrl.14.123
T. Kurasawa, Mariko Suzuki, Kazuya Inoue
: The objective of this paper is to evaluate effects of strati‐ fied porous formation on solute dispersion using two-dimensional laboratory tracer tests. An image analysis tech‐ nique was used to analyze the solute dispersion processes and quantify the dispersivity and behaviors of forward and backward tails of solute plumes. Longitudinal dispersivity estimates for the stratified porous media increased with travel distance and are in reasonable agreement with previ‐ ous work. Moreover, in all of the stratified cases the trans‐ verse dispersivity exhibited a similar trend which decayed with travel distance. The summary of dispersivities esti‐ mated from this study and previous studies suggests that if both degree of heterogeneity and scale for stratified and randomly heterogeneous porous media are similar, the lon‐ gitudinal dispersivity is larger in stratified media than in randomly heterogeneous media. In order to quantify behav‐ iors of forward and backward tails, we defined the travel distances x 05 and x 95 corresponding to the 5th and 95th per‐ centiles, respectively, of the cumulative concentrations in the longitudinal direction, and found that the distance between x 05 and x 95 spread out linearly in the stratified cases.
本文的目的是利用二维实验室示踪剂测试来评价层状多孔地层对溶质分散的影响。利用图像分析技术分析了溶质弥散过程,量化了溶质羽流前后尾的弥散度和行为。分层多孔介质的纵向色散估计值随着移动距离的增加而增加,并且与以前的工作基本一致。此外,在所有分层情况下,横向色散都表现出相似的趋势,随传播距离的增加而衰减。本研究和以往研究对分散性的总结表明,如果分层和随机非均质多孔介质的非均质程度和规模相似,分层介质的纵向分散性大于随机非均质介质。为了量化前尾和后尾的行为,我们定义了x 05和x 95的行进距离,分别对应于纵向累积浓度的每百分位数的第5和第95,并发现x 05和x 95之间的距离在分层情况下呈线性分布。
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引用次数: 4
Effect of organic amendments on maize cultivation under agricultural drought conditions in Central Java, Indonesia 印度尼西亚中爪哇农业干旱条件下有机改良剂对玉米种植的影响
IF 1.1 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.3178/hrl.14.150
M. Zaki, K. Noda, Kengo Ito, Komariah, D. Ariyanto, M. Senge
: This study examined the effect of three organic amend‐ ments − compost (CP), sugarcane bagasse (SB), and rice husk ash (RA) − on soil moisture and maize growth in rainfed farmland under agricultural drought conditions in Central Java, Indonesia. The wet organic amendments were applied at a rate of 20 t ha –1 and mixed into the root zone 3 days before seeding. Chemical fertilizers were not included in any treatment during the experiment. CP and RA kept the soil moisture above the soil suction of pF 1.0 between initial planting and harvesting. By contrast, SB treatment exacerbated the impact of the agricultural drought com‐ pared with the control (CO) or no organic material. The maize yields of CP (690 kg ha –1 ) and RA (538 kg ha –1 ) were higher than those of CO (456 kg ha –1 ) and SB (382 kg ha –1 ); all yields were lower than the regional average in Central Java (698 kg ha –1 ). Maize yield was correlated with the lowest soil moisture value (R 2 = 0.80). Overall, CP and RA substantially reduced the damage to rain-fed farmland caused by agricultural drought. The lowest soil moisture value was a major explanatory factor with respect to the yield gap of maize under agricultural drought conditions.
本研究考察了三种有机改良剂——堆肥(CP)、甘蔗渣(SB)和稻壳灰(RA)——在农业干旱条件下对印度尼西亚中爪哇旱作农田土壤水分和玉米生长的影响。湿性有机改进剂在播种前3天以20 t / ha -1的速率施用于根区。在试验期间,不施用化肥。CP和RA在初种和收获期间使土壤水分保持在土壤吸力pF 1.0以上。相反,与对照(CO)或不施用有机物相比,SB处理加重了农业干旱的影响。CP (690 kg ha -1)和RA (538 kg ha -1)的玉米产量高于CO (456 kg ha -1)和SB (382 kg ha -1);所有产量都低于中爪哇的区域平均水平(698公斤公顷-1)。玉米产量与最低土壤水分呈显著正相关(r2 = 0.80)。总体而言,CP和RA大大减少了农业干旱对雨养农田的破坏。土壤水分最低是农业干旱条件下玉米产量缺口的主要解释因素。
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引用次数: 1
High-resolution distributed model to simulate erosion and sedimentation in a steep basin: a case study of the Akatani River Basin, Kyushu, Japan 模拟陡峭盆地侵蚀和沉积的高分辨率分布式模型:以日本九州赤谷河流域为例
IF 1.1 Q3 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.3178/hrl.14.97
Luis Z. Chero, Y. Tachikawa
: In this study, we developed a distributed rainfall-runoff and sedimentation model based on one-dimensional kine‐ matic wave equations. Physically-based rainfall-runoff and erosion-sediment processes were coupled and solved for each spatial grid, whilst the spatially distributed grids were connected to each other to allow for space-and-time move‐ ments of water and sediment. The model was applied to the Akatani River basin of the Chikugo River in Kyushu, Japan using a 10 m high-resolution digital elevation model and eXtended RAdar Information Network (XRAIN) data as a time-and-space distributed rainfall input of the northern Kyushu heavy rainfall event in July 2017. Our results indi‐ cate that the rainfall-runoff hydrograph and sediment flow results are in agreement with the collected field data, and elevation of the river bed after the disaster was successfully reproduced by applying a sediment theory to estimate river bed variation. In addition, we found that sediment transport results are sensitive to model spatial resolution. Our simu‐ lation model is intended for use with basins that feature steep slopes and are prone to erosion and shear strength reduction after heavy rainfall events. Hence, this model can be applied to give early warnings by identifying critical erosional areas during forecasted heavy rainfall events.
在这项研究中,我们建立了一个基于一维曲线波动方程的分布式降雨-径流和沉积模型。基于物理的降雨-径流和侵蚀-泥沙过程对每个空间网格进行耦合和求解,而空间分布的网格相互连接,以允许水和泥沙的时空移动。该模型应用于日本九州赤谷河流域,采用10米高分辨率数字高程模型和扩展雷达信息网络(XRAIN)数据作为2017年7月九州北部强降雨事件的时空分布降雨输入。我们的研究结果表明,降雨-径流水文图和泥沙流结果与收集的现场数据一致,并且通过应用泥沙理论来估计河床变化,成功地再现了灾害后的河床高程。此外,我们发现泥沙输移结果对模式空间分辨率很敏感。我们的模拟模型适用于坡度陡峭且在强降雨事件后容易发生侵蚀和抗剪强度降低的流域。因此,该模型可用于在预测强降雨事件时识别临界侵蚀区域,从而进行早期预警。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Hydrological Research Letters
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