Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.05.018
Zhiping Zhang, Jin Yan, Xueshuang Gao, Zijian Zheng, Li Xu, Zihui Zhu, Jiezeng Jiang, Minmin Miao
Plastic tunnels are a crucial tool used for intensive vegetable production in developing countries, however these tunnels have resulted in significant soil degradation. Another issue that the agriculture industry is facing is that an excess of crop straw is produced every year. This paper aims to combat both of these issues by combining them: to relieve soil degradation and consume crop straw, six treatments of three wheat straw quantities (0, 5,000 and 10 000 kg · hm−2) and two soil moisture levels (wet and submergence) were evaluated during two-month high-temperature summers to explore the possibility of applying straw mulching to improve degraded soil in plastic tunnels. Greenhouse gas emission and nitrogen leaching, which are two other significant problems with using intensive vegetable tunnels, were also investigated. Compared to the no straw mulching and wet treatment, the net global warming potential, available nitrogen, nitrogen leaching, and N2O emissions from subsequent crop fields decreased by 389.59%, 21.2%, 45.9%, and 41.5%, respectively. The soil-available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, activities of urease, sucrase, and acid phosphatase, and yields of cucumber and tomato increased by 2%, 79.6%, 75.3%, 51.4%, 92.5%, 32.8%, 122.1%, 152.5%, 103.9%, 102%, 88.6%, 19% and 13%, respectively, in the 10 000 kg straw and wet treatment. According to the 15N-site preference value, nitrification was the dominant pathway for N2O production in the field, and its contribution was enhanced by straw mulching and weakened by submergence. Considering all factors, no significant advantage was found for submergence compared with wet treatment, while treatment with 10 000 kg of straw showed remarkable improvement over the treatment with 5,000 kg of straw. We conclude that applying 10 000 kg of wheat straw in conjunction with the wet treatment during the summer fallow period has wide application potential to improve degraded soil, alleviate secondary salinization and nitrogen leaching, and consume crop straw without increasing net global warming potential.
{"title":"Effects of wheat straw mulching and wet treatment on soil improvement, greenhouse gas emission, nitrogen leaching, and vegetable yield","authors":"Zhiping Zhang, Jin Yan, Xueshuang Gao, Zijian Zheng, Li Xu, Zihui Zhu, Jiezeng Jiang, Minmin Miao","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.05.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.05.018","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic tunnels are a crucial tool used for intensive vegetable production in developing countries, however these tunnels have resulted in significant soil degradation. Another issue that the agriculture industry is facing is that an excess of crop straw is produced every year. This paper aims to combat both of these issues by combining them: to relieve soil degradation and consume crop straw, six treatments of three wheat straw quantities (0, 5,000 and 10 000 kg · hm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−2</ce:sup>) and two soil moisture levels (wet and submergence) were evaluated during two-month high-temperature summers to explore the possibility of applying straw mulching to improve degraded soil in plastic tunnels. Greenhouse gas emission and nitrogen leaching, which are two other significant problems with using intensive vegetable tunnels, were also investigated. Compared to the no straw mulching and wet treatment, the net global warming potential, available nitrogen, nitrogen leaching, and N<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O emissions from subsequent crop fields decreased by 389.59%, 21.2%, 45.9%, and 41.5%, respectively. The soil-available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, activities of urease, sucrase, and acid phosphatase, and yields of cucumber and tomato increased by 2%, 79.6%, 75.3%, 51.4%, 92.5%, 32.8%, 122.1%, 152.5%, 103.9%, 102%, 88.6%, 19% and 13%, respectively, in the 10 000 kg straw and wet treatment. According to the <ce:sup loc=\"pre\">15</ce:sup>N-site preference value, nitrification was the dominant pathway for N<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>O production in the field, and its contribution was enhanced by straw mulching and weakened by submergence. Considering all factors, no significant advantage was found for submergence compared with wet treatment, while treatment with 10 000 kg of straw showed remarkable improvement over the treatment with 5,000 kg of straw. We conclude that applying 10 000 kg of wheat straw in conjunction with the wet treatment during the summer fallow period has wide application potential to improve degraded soil, alleviate secondary salinization and nitrogen leaching, and consume crop straw without increasing net global warming potential.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.07.010
Jun Yu, Jia Li, Zhangfen Hong, Qing Zeng, Yizheng Fu, Rouxue Deng, Ke Xu, Zhenyu Huang, Mingtao Zhu
Fruit cracking is a persistent challenge for table grape growing. To investigate the mechanism of this disorder, a comprehensive two-year investigation was conducted to assess the fruit cracking percentage of 15 table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties. Based on the findings, the cracking-susceptible variety ‘Xiangfei’ and the cracking-resistant variety ‘Zuijinxiang’ were selected for further study. Fruit growth curves for ‘Zuijinxiang’ and ‘Xiangfei’ were plotted based on fruit diameter and total soluble solids content, revealing that both varieties exhibited typical double-sigmoidal patterns that were highly similar. The period between 48 and 53 days after full bloom (DAFB) was identified as the critical phase for fruit cracking incidence. Furthermore, during the fruit cracking period, ‘Xiangfei’ fruit exhibited significantly higher water content and mesocarp cell area compared with those of ‘Zuijinxiang’. Applying aquaporin inhibitors (nano-silver) to ‘Xiangfei’ berries reduced fruit water uptake and cracking percentage, whereas applying aquaporin activators (forskolin) to ‘Zuijinxiang’ berries increased fruit water uptake and cracking percentage. Additionally, expression analysis of six genes associated with plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) synthesis (VvPIP1;1, VvPIP1;2, VvPIP1;3, VvPIP2;1, VvPIP2;2, and VvPIP2;3) revealed that only the expression level of VvPIP1;1 was higher in ‘Zuijinxiang’ than in ‘Xiangfei’ during the fruit cracking period, whereas the expression levels of the other genes exhibited no significant difference between the two varieties. Transgenic overexpression of VvPIP1;1 in tomato resulted in increased fruit water content, enlarged mesocarp cell size, and enhanced fruit cracking percentage. These findings indicate that VvPIP1;1 plays a pivotal role in controlling grape berry cracking.
{"title":"VvPIP1;1 plays a role in grape berry cracking by regulating water uptake","authors":"Jun Yu, Jia Li, Zhangfen Hong, Qing Zeng, Yizheng Fu, Rouxue Deng, Ke Xu, Zhenyu Huang, Mingtao Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.07.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit cracking is a persistent challenge for table grape growing. To investigate the mechanism of this disorder, a comprehensive two-year investigation was conducted to assess the fruit cracking percentage of 15 table grape (<ce:italic>Vitis vinifera</ce:italic> L.) varieties. Based on the findings, the cracking-susceptible variety ‘Xiangfei’ and the cracking-resistant variety ‘Zuijinxiang’ were selected for further study. Fruit growth curves for ‘Zuijinxiang’ and ‘Xiangfei’ were plotted based on fruit diameter and total soluble solids content, revealing that both varieties exhibited typical double-sigmoidal patterns that were highly similar. The period between 48 and 53 days after full bloom (DAFB) was identified as the critical phase for fruit cracking incidence. Furthermore, during the fruit cracking period, ‘Xiangfei’ fruit exhibited significantly higher water content and mesocarp cell area compared with those of ‘Zuijinxiang’. Applying aquaporin inhibitors (nano-silver) to ‘Xiangfei’ berries reduced fruit water uptake and cracking percentage, whereas applying aquaporin activators (forskolin) to ‘Zuijinxiang’ berries increased fruit water uptake and cracking percentage. Additionally, expression analysis of six genes associated with plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) synthesis (<ce:italic>VvPIP1;1</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>VvPIP1;2</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>VvPIP1;3</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>VvPIP2;1</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>VvPIP2;2</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>VvPIP2;3</ce:italic>) revealed that only the expression level of <ce:italic>VvPIP1;1</ce:italic> was higher in ‘Zuijinxiang’ than in ‘Xiangfei’ during the fruit cracking period, whereas the expression levels of the other genes exhibited no significant difference between the two varieties. Transgenic overexpression of <ce:italic>VvPIP1;1</ce:italic> in tomato resulted in increased fruit water content, enlarged mesocarp cell size, and enhanced fruit cracking percentage. These findings indicate that <ce:italic>VvPIP1;1</ce:italic> plays a pivotal role in controlling grape berry cracking.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142967996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chinese herbal medicine Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) has suggested therapeutic effects on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, inflammatory reactions and tumors, perhaps due to secondary metabolites, such as tanshinone. Danshen is sensitive to most broad-spectrum herbicides, thus it is a challenge to manage weeds during planting. Although CRISPR/Cas gene editing has been used to knock out important genes in Danshen, the more accurate base editing method has rarely been applied to this species. We developed an efficient adenine base editing system for Danshen and observed its editing effect in callus and transgenic plants. To demonstrate the efficacy of this technique, we generated several novel Danshen germplasms with mutant α-tubulins, some of which displayed resistance to a dinitroaniline herbicide, pendimethalin, in Danshen planting. We also found distinct effects of the different Danshen mutant tubulin homologues on dinitroaniline sensitivity, perhaps indicating a functional differentiation of the α-tubulin genes. Our work provides a new gene modification method for Danshen breeding, which might be extended to other medicinal plants.
{"title":"Application of an efficient adenine base editing system in developing Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) dinitroaniline-resistant germplasm","authors":"Huanan Han, Ziwen Wu, Zaijie Zhang, Yusen Qu, Yingcan Wang, Pingping Wang, Changle Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.08.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"Chinese herbal medicine Danshen (<ce:italic>Salvia miltiorrhiza</ce:italic>) has suggested therapeutic effects on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, inflammatory reactions and tumors, perhaps due to secondary metabolites, such as tanshinone. Danshen is sensitive to most broad-spectrum herbicides, thus it is a challenge to manage weeds during planting. Although CRISPR/Cas gene editing has been used to knock out important genes in Danshen, the more accurate base editing method has rarely been applied to this species. We developed an efficient adenine base editing system for Danshen and observed its editing effect in callus and transgenic plants. To demonstrate the efficacy of this technique, we generated several novel Danshen germplasms with mutant α-tubulins, some of which displayed resistance to a dinitroaniline herbicide, pendimethalin, in Danshen planting. We also found distinct effects of the different Danshen mutant tubulin homologues on dinitroaniline sensitivity, perhaps indicating a functional differentiation of the α-tubulin genes. Our work provides a new gene modification method for Danshen breeding, which might be extended to other medicinal plants.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"409 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Floral traits largely determine the ornamental value of horticultural plants, while the long juvenile period of woody plants hinders the progress of the floral pattern and color breeding. The population genetic variations in the floral characters of cultivated camellias are far less well understood and applied. Here, we investigated genetic architecture and genome prediction of the floral pattern and color in Camelia japonica. Seven anthocyanins were identified in 200 camellia cultivars using an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) approach. The content and proportional changes in Cy3G and Cy3GEpC were identified as the main cause of the color change. A total of 2 072 667 SNPs were identified, the population structure analysis revealed frequent gene infiltration among the cultivars. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) and the transcriptome analysis identified 163 and 46 shared genes significantly associated with the floral color and pattern, respectively. Furthermore, Support Vector Machine (SVM) regression with linear kernel and the top 1000 and 10 000 GWAS associated markers achieved the highest prediction accuracy for a petal number of 94 %, and anthocyanin content of 95 %. Our study provides novel insight into the genetic basis of floral characters and confirms the feasibility of using machine learning and GWAS markers to predict floral traits, which will accelerate the ornamental molecular breeding of C. japonica.
{"title":"GWAS-driven gene mining and genomic prediction of ornamental traits in flowering trees: A case study of Camellia japonica","authors":"Menglong Fan, Xiaojuan Wei, Zhixin Song, Ying Zhang, Xinlei Li, Zhenyuan Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.05.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.05.017","url":null,"abstract":"Floral traits largely determine the ornamental value of horticultural plants, while the long juvenile period of woody plants hinders the progress of the floral pattern and color breeding. The population genetic variations in the floral characters of cultivated camellias are far less well understood and applied. Here, we investigated genetic architecture and genome prediction of the floral pattern and color in <ce:italic>Camelia japonica</ce:italic>. Seven anthocyanins were identified in 200 camellia cultivars using an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) approach. The content and proportional changes in Cy3G and Cy3GEpC were identified as the main cause of the color change. A total of 2 072 667 SNPs were identified, the population structure analysis revealed frequent gene infiltration among the cultivars. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) and the transcriptome analysis identified 163 and 46 shared genes significantly associated with the floral color and pattern, respectively. Furthermore, Support Vector Machine (SVM) regression with linear kernel and the top 1000 and 10 000 GWAS associated markers achieved the highest prediction accuracy for a petal number of 94 %, and anthocyanin content of 95 %. Our study provides novel insight into the genetic basis of floral characters and confirms the feasibility of using machine learning and GWAS markers to predict floral traits, which will accelerate the ornamental molecular breeding of <ce:italic>C. japonica</ce:italic>.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-27DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.06.011
Wanni Wang, Yulin Fang, Yanlun Ju
Crop yield and quality are affected by abiotic stresses such as drought, low and high temperature, salinity, and heavy metals, which threaten the survival of human beings and the development of industry. As a new plant hormone derived from carotenoid, strigolactone (SL) is produced in the roots of plants. It was first reported that SL can induce seed germination of root-parasitic plants. In recent years, it has been shown that strigolactone plays a regulatory role in plant response to abiotic stresses. By eliminating oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species, it can potentially increase photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, and thus enhance plant drought resistance. Transcriptome studies have explored signal transduction, antioxidant enzyme activity, transcription factors, and expression of stress-and metabolism-related genes induced by extrinsic strigolactone in plants, the effects of strigolactone on plant growth and development have been preliminarily determined, but the studies on inducing crop tolerance to abiotic stresses are still unknown. In this review, the physiological and molecular aspects of the induction of the response to stress in horticultural crops by strigolactone were reviewed. It is important to improve the tolerance and productivity of horticultural crops under abiotic stress.
{"title":"Strigolactone as a potential target for improving abiotic stress tolerance in horticultural crops","authors":"Wanni Wang, Yulin Fang, Yanlun Ju","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.06.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.06.011","url":null,"abstract":"Crop yield and quality are affected by abiotic stresses such as drought, low and high temperature, salinity, and heavy metals, which threaten the survival of human beings and the development of industry. As a new plant hormone derived from carotenoid, strigolactone (SL) is produced in the roots of plants. It was first reported that SL can induce seed germination of root-parasitic plants. In recent years, it has been shown that strigolactone plays a regulatory role in plant response to abiotic stresses. By eliminating oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species, it can potentially increase photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, and thus enhance plant drought resistance. Transcriptome studies have explored signal transduction, antioxidant enzyme activity, transcription factors, and expression of stress-and metabolism-related genes induced by extrinsic strigolactone in plants, the effects of strigolactone on plant growth and development have been preliminarily determined, but the studies on inducing crop tolerance to abiotic stresses are still unknown. In this review, the physiological and molecular aspects of the induction of the response to stress in horticultural crops by strigolactone were reviewed. It is important to improve the tolerance and productivity of horticultural crops under abiotic stress.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-27DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.09.004
Zhouyu Yuan, Jianting Zhang, Longbo Liu, Liuzi Zhang, Xing Gan, Yan Zhong, Liangju Wang
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a natural plant growth regulator that promotes plant freezing tolerance. The WRKY family consists of plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) associated with abiotic stress responses. Up to now, whether WRKYs are involved in ALA-induced plant freezing tolerance and the underlying mechanism is not clear. In this study, we found that pretreatment with 50 mg·L−1 ALA one week earlier significantly increased the freezing tolerance of nectarine (Prunus persica var. nectarina) pistils with higher antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic solutes when the floral twigs were stressed by −3 °C for 6 h. ALA also enhanced the expression of PpWRKY18, PpCBF1, PpCOR1, and several genes encoding antioxidant enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) and pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS). When PpWRKY18 was overexpressed in tobacco, the transgenic plants exhibited greater freezing tolerance, which was further promoted by exogenous ALA. Y2H, Pull-down, BiFC, and LCI analyses revealed that PpWRKY18 interacts with PpCBF1, promoting the latter transcriptional activity. Additionally, Y1H experiments showed that PpWRKY18 directly binds to the promoter of PpPOD41 while PpCBF1 binds to the promoters of PpP5CS1 and PpCOR1, activating the target gene expressions. Furthermore, we established a yeast library using the promoter of PpWRKY18 as the bait to screen the upstream regulatory factors. By library screening, Y1H, DLR, and EMSA, we found that PpC3H37, a zinc finger protein, was responsive to chilling and ALA treatment, and as a transcription factor, it activated PpWRKY18 expression by directly binding to the promoter. Taken together, we reveal a regulatory network where ALA induces upregulation of PpC3H37 expression, which positively regulates PpWRKY18 expression. Subsequently, the regulatory pathway diverges into two branches. The first is CBF-dependent, where PpCBF1 interacts with PpWRKY18, binding the promoters of PpP5CS1 and PpCOR1. The second is CBF-independent, where PpWRKY18 directly binds the promoter of PpPOD41 to upregulate the gene expression and increase the antioxidant enzyme activity and freezing tolerance. These findings provide a novel insight of the mechanism of ALA in regulating the cold hardiness of nectarine pistil.
{"title":"ALA up-regulated PpWRKY18 to enhance freezing tolerance of nectarine pistils","authors":"Zhouyu Yuan, Jianting Zhang, Longbo Liu, Liuzi Zhang, Xing Gan, Yan Zhong, Liangju Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a natural plant growth regulator that promotes plant freezing tolerance. The WRKY family consists of plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) associated with abiotic stress responses. Up to now, whether WRKYs are involved in ALA-induced plant freezing tolerance and the underlying mechanism is not clear. In this study, we found that pretreatment with 50 mg·L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup> ALA one week earlier significantly increased the freezing tolerance of nectarine (<ce:italic>Prunus persica</ce:italic> var. <ce:italic>nectarina</ce:italic>) pistils with higher antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic solutes when the floral twigs were stressed by −3 °C for 6 h. ALA also enhanced the expression of <ce:italic>PpWRKY18</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>PpCBF1</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>PpCOR1</ce:italic>, and several genes encoding antioxidant enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) and pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS). When <ce:italic>PpWRKY18</ce:italic> was overexpressed in tobacco, the transgenic plants exhibited greater freezing tolerance, which was further promoted by exogenous ALA. Y2H, Pull-down, BiFC, and LCI analyses revealed that PpWRKY18 interacts with PpCBF1, promoting the latter transcriptional activity. Additionally, Y1H experiments showed that PpWRKY18 directly binds to the promoter of <ce:italic>PpPOD41</ce:italic> while PpCBF1 binds to the promoters of <ce:italic>PpP5CS1</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>PpCOR1</ce:italic>, activating the target gene expressions. Furthermore, we established a yeast library using the promoter of <ce:italic>PpWRKY18</ce:italic> as the bait to screen the upstream regulatory factors. By library screening, Y1H, DLR, and EMSA, we found that PpC3H37, a zinc finger protein, was responsive to chilling and ALA treatment, and as a transcription factor, it activated <ce:italic>PpWRKY18</ce:italic> expression by directly binding to the promoter. Taken together, we reveal a regulatory network where ALA induces upregulation of <ce:italic>PpC3H37</ce:italic> expression, which positively regulates <ce:italic>PpWRKY18</ce:italic> expression. Subsequently, the regulatory pathway diverges into two branches. The first is CBF-dependent, where PpCBF1 interacts with PpWRKY18, binding the promoters of <ce:italic>PpP5CS1</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>PpCOR1</ce:italic>. The second is CBF-independent, where PpWRKY18 directly binds the promoter of <ce:italic>PpPOD41</ce:italic> to upregulate the gene expression and increase the antioxidant enzyme activity and freezing tolerance. These findings provide a novel insight of the mechanism of ALA in regulating the cold hardiness of nectarine pistil.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flower color is an essential trait in ornamental plant breeding. Lycoris longituba is a popular ornamental plant native to central eastern China. The decrease in anthocyanin accumulation causes L. longituba petal color fading during flower development, which considerably affects the ornamental value of L. longituba. However, mechanisms underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis inhibition during L. longituba petal development remain unclear. In this study, three LlDFR genes were confirmed to be involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis and LlDFRc exerted the strongest promoting effect on anthocyanin accumulation. According to the correlation analysis results, LlbHLH12 exhibited the strongest negative correlation with LlDFRc. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that LlbHLH12 was highly expressed during the medium bud and full bloom stages of flower development. LlbHLH12 was identified as a member of subgroup XII of bHLH transcription factor family. Subcellular localization and transcriptional activation ability assay revealed that LlbHLH12 was located in the nucleus without transcriptional activation activity. Overexpression of LlbHLH12 in Nicotiana tabacum and L. longituba inhibited anthocyanin accumulation by suppressing the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway genes. Furthermore, yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase, and β-glucuronidase activity assays showed that LlbHLH12 directly bound to the promoters of LlPAL and LlDFRc and suppressed their expression to inhibit anthocyanin biosynthesis. Overall, our study identified a novel bHLH repressor negatively regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis and provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying color fading in L. longituba petals.
{"title":"A novel bHLH transcription factor LlbHLH12 negatively regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis during Lycoris longituba petal development","authors":"Keyi Feng, Hongyan Tan, Ling Zhou, Tingting Shi, Lianggui Wang, Yuanzheng Yue, Xiulian Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.07.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"Flower color is an essential trait in ornamental plant breeding. <ce:italic>Lycoris longituba</ce:italic> is a popular ornamental plant native to central eastern China. The decrease in anthocyanin accumulation causes <ce:italic>L. longituba</ce:italic> petal color fading during flower development, which considerably affects the ornamental value of <ce:italic>L. longituba</ce:italic>. However, mechanisms underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis inhibition during <ce:italic>L. longituba</ce:italic> petal development remain unclear. In this study, three <ce:italic>LlDFR</ce:italic> genes were confirmed to be involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis and <ce:italic>LlDFRc</ce:italic> exerted the strongest promoting effect on anthocyanin accumulation. According to the correlation analysis results, <ce:italic>LlbHLH12</ce:italic> exhibited the strongest negative correlation with <ce:italic>LlDFRc</ce:italic>. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that <ce:italic>LlbHLH12</ce:italic> was highly expressed during the medium bud and full bloom stages of flower development. LlbHLH12 was identified as a member of subgroup XII of bHLH transcription factor family. Subcellular localization and transcriptional activation ability assay revealed that LlbHLH12 was located in the nucleus without transcriptional activation activity. Overexpression of <ce:italic>LlbHLH12</ce:italic> in <ce:italic>Nicotiana tabacum</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>L. longituba</ce:italic> inhibited anthocyanin accumulation by suppressing the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway genes. Furthermore, yeast one-hybrid, dual-luciferase, and <ce:italic>β</ce:italic>-glucuronidase activity assays showed that LlbHLH12 directly bound to the promoters of <ce:italic>LlPAL</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>LlDFRc</ce:italic> and suppressed their expression to inhibit anthocyanin biosynthesis. Overall, our study identified a novel bHLH repressor negatively regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis and provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying color fading in <ce:italic>L. longituba</ce:italic> petals.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-21DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.07.008
Aihong Peng, Zhiyi Chen, Yulong Zhu, Zhitan Ye, Xiuping Zou, Yongrui He, Qiang Li, Li Cao, Shanchun Chen
The CRISPR/Cas9 system has shown great promise in engineering targeted mutations in a genome. The efficiency of Cas9-mediated genome editing is temperature sensitive. A high-temperature regime can increase the mutation efficiency induced by the CRISPR/Cas9 system in many plant species. However, a heat stress treatment has not been applied during the tissue culture process in citrus. To develop an efficient heat stress regime to improve the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis, three and five cycles of heat stress treatments were used during callus induction in citrus. The results showed that the heat stress treatment with three cycles of 24 h at 37 °C, followed by 24 h at 26 °C, increased the mutation efficiency by 11.6 % compared with no heat stress treatment, and that five cycles of heat stress treatment were optimal, from which 50 % mutants had a 100 % mutation rate. The mutation profiles of Cas9 at 28 °C for 10 d and 37 °C for three or five cycles were similar, indicating that heat stress treatment did not affect the non-homologous end joining repair pathway. No detectable off-target mutation was detected in the potential off-target sites with four nucleotide mismatches compared with the designed on-target site. This study demonstrated that five cycles of heat stress treatment during callus induction could efficiently increase the mutation efficiency mediated by the CRISPR/Cas9 system without observable negative effects, and provided an efficient Cas9-mediated citrus genome editing system to produce mutants with a high mutation rate.
{"title":"Heat stress increases mutation efficiency mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 in citrus","authors":"Aihong Peng, Zhiyi Chen, Yulong Zhu, Zhitan Ye, Xiuping Zou, Yongrui He, Qiang Li, Li Cao, Shanchun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.07.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"The CRISPR/Cas9 system has shown great promise in engineering targeted mutations in a genome. The efficiency of Cas9-mediated genome editing is temperature sensitive. A high-temperature regime can increase the mutation efficiency induced by the CRISPR/Cas9 system in many plant species. However, a heat stress treatment has not been applied during the tissue culture process in citrus. To develop an efficient heat stress regime to improve the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis, three and five cycles of heat stress treatments were used during callus induction in citrus. The results showed that the heat stress treatment with three cycles of 24 h at 37 °C, followed by 24 h at 26 °C, increased the mutation efficiency by 11.6 % compared with no heat stress treatment, and that five cycles of heat stress treatment were optimal, from which 50 % mutants had a 100 % mutation rate. The mutation profiles of Cas9 at 28 °C for 10 d and 37 °C for three or five cycles were similar, indicating that heat stress treatment did not affect the non-homologous end joining repair pathway. No detectable off-target mutation was detected in the potential off-target sites with four nucleotide mismatches compared with the designed on-target site. This study demonstrated that five cycles of heat stress treatment during callus induction could efficiently increase the mutation efficiency mediated by the CRISPR/Cas9 system without observable negative effects, and provided an efficient Cas9-mediated citrus genome editing system to produce mutants with a high mutation rate.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"319 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Substrate and nutrient supply are essential for vegetable cultivation in greenhouse. The strategies for plant nutrient supply vary depending on the cultivation methods or substrate dosages employed. With the development of mechanization, wide-row spacing substrate cultivation became an optimize mode of the greenhouse cucumber cultivation, aligning with the trend of intelligent agriculture. To determine the optimal nutrient solution supply amount (NS) and supply frequency (SF) for promoting the integrated growth of cucumber under wide-row spacing substrate cultivation, we explored the effects of substrate supply amount (SS), NS, and SF on cucumber yield, quality, and element utilization efficiency. A five-level quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design with three experimental factors (NS, SF, and SS) was implemented for 23 coupling treatments over three growing seasons, including spring (2022S and 2023S) and autumn (2022A). The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) combining weights based on game theory was applied to construct cucumber comprehensive growth evaluation model. Single and two experimental factors analyses revealed significant effects of single factors and the coupling of NS−SS, NS−SF and SS−SF on the integrated growth of cucumber for all three growing seasons. For the NS−SF−SS combination, the optimal parameters for comprehensive cucumber growth were determined as follows: levels of −1.68 for NS, −0.7 for SF, and −1.682 for SS in 2022A; −0.43 for NS, −0.06 for SF, and 0.34 for SS in 2022S; 0.3 for NS, −0.02 for SF, and 0.04 for SS in 2023S. Furthermore, for SS ranges of 2.00–3.01, 3.01–4.50, 4.50–5.99, 5.99–7.00 (L · plant−1), the corresponding NS and SF intervals maximizing cucumber integrated growth in spring were: 0.28–0.30 (L · plant−1) and 6 (times · d−1), 0.26–0.30 (L · plant−1) and 6 (times · d−1), 0.25–0.30 (L · plant−1) and 6 (times · d−1), 0.23–0.30 (L · plant−1) and 6 (times · d−1), respectively. With the same SS, the corresponding NS and SF intervals that maximized cucumber integrated growth in autumn were: 0.10 (L · plant−1) and 8 (times · d−1), 0.18 (L · plant−1) and 7 (times · d−1), 0.30 (L · plant−1) and 6 (times · d−1), 0.49 (L · plant−1) and 5 (times · d−1), respectively. The results provide a theoretical basis for solution management, and further in-depth research on cucumber cultivation.
{"title":"Optimal combination of substrate supply amount coupled with nutrient solution management program for cucumber planting","authors":"Zhen Kang, Zhaoxi Jiang, Zhaolong Liu, Peng Wang, Caihong Zhang, Maozhou Yuan, Mengqi Bai, Xiaohui Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.05.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.05.016","url":null,"abstract":"Substrate and nutrient supply are essential for vegetable cultivation in greenhouse. The strategies for plant nutrient supply vary depending on the cultivation methods or substrate dosages employed. With the development of mechanization, wide-row spacing substrate cultivation became an optimize mode of the greenhouse cucumber cultivation, aligning with the trend of intelligent agriculture. To determine the optimal nutrient solution supply amount (NS) and supply frequency (SF) for promoting the integrated growth of cucumber under wide-row spacing substrate cultivation, we explored the effects of substrate supply amount (SS), NS, and SF on cucumber yield, quality, and element utilization efficiency. A five-level quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design with three experimental factors (NS, SF, and SS) was implemented for 23 coupling treatments over three growing seasons, including spring (2022S and 2023S) and autumn (2022A). The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) combining weights based on game theory was applied to construct cucumber comprehensive growth evaluation model. Single and two experimental factors analyses revealed significant effects of single factors and the coupling of NS−SS, NS−SF and SS−SF on the integrated growth of cucumber for all three growing seasons. For the NS−SF−SS combination, the optimal parameters for comprehensive cucumber growth were determined as follows: levels of −1.68 for NS, −0.7 for SF, and −1.682 for SS in 2022A; −0.43 for NS, −0.06 for SF, and 0.34 for SS in 2022S; 0.3 for NS, −0.02 for SF, and 0.04 for SS in 2023S. Furthermore, for SS ranges of 2.00–3.01, 3.01–4.50, 4.50–5.99, 5.99–7.00 (L · plant<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>), the corresponding NS and SF intervals maximizing cucumber integrated growth in spring were: 0.28–0.30 (L · plant<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>) and 6 (times · d<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>), 0.26–0.30 (L · plant<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>) and 6 (times · d<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>), 0.25–0.30 (L · plant<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>) and 6 (times · d<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>), 0.23–0.30 (L · plant<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>) and 6 (times · d<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>), respectively. With the same SS, the corresponding NS and SF intervals that maximized cucumber integrated growth in autumn were: 0.10 (L · plant<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>) and 8 (times · d<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>), 0.18 (L · plant<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>) and 7 (times · d<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>), 0.30 (L · plant<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>) and 6 (times · d<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>), 0.49 (L · plant<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>) and 5 (times · d<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>), respectively. The results provide a theoretical basis for solution management, and further in-depth research on cucumber cultivation.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study of strawberry gene function has been hindered by the low transformation efficiency and long generation time of transgenic plants. This study aimed to develop and optimize methods for generating strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. ‘Benihoppe’) plants with transgenic hairy roots. This involved inducing hairy roots on strawberry stolons near new plants, optimizing several parameters that affect the survival rate of stolon hairy roots, and using the new hairy root transgenic system to investigate the nitrate-transport function of FaNRT1.1. In vivo injection (IVI) of Agrobacterium rhizogenes K599 (OD600 = 1.0) at sites measuring 0.5–1 cm on the tops of mature stolons (9–12 days old) of ‘Benihoppe’ strawberry resulted in the establishment of strawberries with transgenic hairy roots. The IVI induced epidermal bulges and hairy roots in 50 % of the stolons. The epidermal bulges were evident, and callus began to grow 35 days post-injection, while hairy roots began to develop near the injection sites at 40 days and became abundant by 60 days. Specific fluorescence signals were observed in all transgenic hairy roots of 40 new plants. Using 15N nitrate labeling, we confirmed the nitrate-transport—from roots to shoots—function of FaNRT1.1 in the strawberry plants with transgenic hairy roots. Taken together, sufficient hairy roots can be induced using an efficient transgenic hairy root system, which can be effectively applied to gene function research, such as the analysis of the nitrate-transport activity of FaNRT1.1.
{"title":"Establishment of an in vivo transgenic hairy root system in strawberry for verifying the nitrate-transport activity of FaNRT1.1","authors":"Fuling Hao, Sixin Wu, Zhongyuan Shen, Maoting Tang, Xiangjun Ge, Muqian Wu, Qihan Sun, Congbing Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"The study of strawberry gene function has been hindered by the low transformation efficiency and long generation time of transgenic plants. This study aimed to develop and optimize methods for generating strawberry (<ce:italic>Fragaria</ce:italic> × <ce:italic>ananassa</ce:italic> Duch. ‘Benihoppe’) plants with transgenic hairy roots. This involved inducing hairy roots on strawberry stolons near new plants, optimizing several parameters that affect the survival rate of stolon hairy roots, and using the new hairy root transgenic system to investigate the nitrate-transport function of FaNRT1.1. <ce:italic>In vivo</ce:italic> injection (IVI) of <ce:italic>Agrobacterium rhizogenes</ce:italic> K599 (OD<ce:inf loc=\"post\">600</ce:inf> = 1.0) at sites measuring 0.5–1 cm on the tops of mature stolons (9–12 days old) of ‘Benihoppe’ strawberry resulted in the establishment of strawberries with transgenic hairy roots. The IVI induced epidermal bulges and hairy roots in 50 % of the stolons. The epidermal bulges were evident, and callus began to grow 35 days post-injection, while hairy roots began to develop near the injection sites at 40 days and became abundant by 60 days. Specific fluorescence signals were observed in all transgenic hairy roots of 40 new plants. Using <ce:sup loc=\"pre\">15</ce:sup>N nitrate labeling, we confirmed the nitrate-transport—from roots to shoots—function of <ce:italic>FaNRT1.1</ce:italic> in the strawberry plants with transgenic hairy roots. Taken together, sufficient hairy roots can be induced using an efficient transgenic hairy root system, which can be effectively applied to gene function research, such as the analysis of the nitrate-transport activity of <ce:italic>FaNRT1</ce:italic>.<ce:italic>1</ce:italic>.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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