Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2023.12.016
Miriam Distefano, Fabrizio Cincotta, Francesco Giuffrida, Concetta Condurso, Antonella Verzera, Cherubino Leonardi, Rosario Paolo Mauro
The experiment addressed the effects of preharvest KH2PO4 foliar spraying (20 mmol · L−1) on fruit quality and composition (including volatile organic compounds, VOCs) of cherry tomatoes (‘Caravaggio’, ‘Sugarland’ and ‘Top Stellina’) after 0 (S0), 7 (S7) and 14 days (S14) of storage at 8.0 °C. On the average of the 3 genotypes, the KH2PO4 treatment improved fruit pressure firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), total phenols and carotenoids concentrations, along with the fruits' antioxidant capacity (by up to 17% for FRAP assay). Within the S7–S14 period, control fruits showed the highest reductions in TSS, TSS/TA ratio and total carotenoids (−17, −12 and −45, respectively), whereas treated fruits proved the strongest increase in DPPH (+12%). Sixteen out of 32 VOCs were promoted following KH2PO4 application, including the aldehydes hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal and (Z)-3-hexenal and the apocarotenoids (E)-citral, (E)-β-ionone, geranylacetone and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one. Proceeding from S0 to S14, several VOCs decreased more strongly in control fruits, as for hexanal (−48%∖) and total aldehydes (−42%∖, whereas at S14 treated fruits had higher concentrations of linalool, geranylacetone and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (1.06, 52.50 and 79.27 μg · kg−1, respectively). ‘Caravaggio’ demonstrated the strongest apocarotenoid reduction at S14, whereas ‘Top Stellina’ was more responsive to KH2PO4 (mainly for β-cyclocitral, geranylacetone and total terpenes/terpenoids), thus highlighting the central role of the genotype in responding to other experimental factors. Nonetheless, these results suggest that proper preharvest KH2PO4 applications can preserve specific commercial, nutritional and quality traits of cold-stored cherry tomatoes.
{"title":"Preharvest applications of monopotassium phosphate to improve fruit quality and volatilome composition in cold-stored cherry tomatoes","authors":"Miriam Distefano, Fabrizio Cincotta, Francesco Giuffrida, Concetta Condurso, Antonella Verzera, Cherubino Leonardi, Rosario Paolo Mauro","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2023.12.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2023.12.016","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment addressed the effects of preharvest KH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>PO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> foliar spraying (20 mmol · L<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>) on fruit quality and composition (including volatile organic compounds, VOCs) of cherry tomatoes (‘Caravaggio’, ‘Sugarland’ and ‘Top Stellina’) after 0 (S<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0</ce:inf>), 7 (S<ce:inf loc=\"post\">7</ce:inf>) and 14 days (S<ce:inf loc=\"post\">14</ce:inf>) of storage at 8.0 °C. On the average of the 3 genotypes, the KH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>PO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> treatment improved fruit pressure firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), total phenols and carotenoids concentrations, along with the fruits' antioxidant capacity (by up to 17% for FRAP assay). Within the S<ce:inf loc=\"post\">7</ce:inf>–S<ce:inf loc=\"post\">14</ce:inf> period, control fruits showed the highest reductions in TSS, TSS/TA ratio and total carotenoids (−17, −12 and −45, respectively), whereas treated fruits proved the strongest increase in DPPH (+12%). Sixteen out of 32 VOCs were promoted following KH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>PO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> application, including the aldehydes hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal and (Z)-3-hexenal and the apocarotenoids (E)-citral, (E)-β-ionone, geranylacetone and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one. Proceeding from S<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0</ce:inf> to S<ce:inf loc=\"post\">14</ce:inf>, several VOCs decreased more strongly in control fruits, as for hexanal (−48%∖) and total aldehydes (−42%∖, whereas at S<ce:inf loc=\"post\">14</ce:inf> treated fruits had higher concentrations of linalool, geranylacetone and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (1.06, 52.50 and 79.27 μg · kg<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>, respectively). ‘Caravaggio’ demonstrated the strongest apocarotenoid reduction at S<ce:inf loc=\"post\">14</ce:inf>, whereas ‘Top Stellina’ was more responsive to KH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>PO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> (mainly for β-cyclocitral, geranylacetone and total terpenes/terpenoids), thus highlighting the central role of the genotype in responding to other experimental factors. Nonetheless, these results suggest that proper preharvest KH<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>PO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">4</ce:inf> applications can preserve specific commercial, nutritional and quality traits of cold-stored cherry tomatoes.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"331 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oxalate content in spinach is a key trait of interest due to its relevance to human health. Understanding the genetic basis of it can facilitate the development of spinach varieties with reduced oxalate levels. In pursuit of understanding the genetic determinants, a diverse panel comprising 288 spinach accessions underwent thorough phenotyping of oxalate content and were subjected to whole-genome resequencing, resulting in a comprehensive dataset encompassing 14 386 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Leveraging this dataset, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify noteworthy SNPs associated with oxalate content. Furthermore, we employed genomic prediction (GP) via cross-prediction, utilizing five GP models, to assess genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) for oxalate content. The observed normal distribution and the wide range of oxalate content, exceeding 600.0 mg · 100 g−1, underscore the complex and quantitative nature of this trait, likely influenced by multiple genes. Additionally, our analysis revealed distinct stratification, delineating the population into four discernible subpopulations. Furthermore, GWAS analysis employing five models in GAPIT 3 and TASSEL 5 unveiled nine significant SNPs (four SNPs on chromosome 1 and five on chromosome 5) associated with oxalate content. These loci exhibited associations with six candidate genes, which might have potential contribution to oxalate content regulation. Remarkably, our GP models exhibited notable predictive abilities, yielding average accuracies of up to 0.51 for GEBV estimation. The integration of GWAS and GP approaches offers a holistic comprehension of the genetic underpinnings of oxalate content in spinach. These findings offered a promising avenue for the development of spinach cultivars and hybrids optimized for oxalate levels, promoting consumer health.
菠菜中的草酸盐含量与人类健康息息相关，是人们关注的一个重要性状。了解其遗传基础有助于开发草酸盐含量更低的菠菜品种。为了了解其遗传决定因素，一个由 288 个菠菜品种组成的多样化小组对草酸盐含量进行了全面的表型分析，并对其进行了全基因组重测序，从而获得了一个包含 14 386 个单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）的综合数据集。利用该数据集，我们进行了一项全基因组关联研究（GWAS），以确定与草酸盐含量相关的值得注意的 SNPs。此外，我们还利用五个 GP 模型，通过交叉预测（GP）来评估草酸盐含量的基因组估计育种值（GEBV）。观察到的正态分布和超过 600.0 毫克 - 100 克-1 的草酸盐含量的广泛范围突出了这一性状的复杂性和定量性，它可能受到多个基因的影响。此外，我们的分析还发现了明显的分层现象，将人群划分为四个明显的亚群。此外，利用 GAPIT 3 和 TASSEL 5 中的五个模型进行的 GWAS 分析揭示了与草酸盐含量相关的九个显著 SNP（四个 SNP 位于 1 号染色体，五个位于 5 号染色体）。这些位点与六个候选基因相关，这些基因可能对草酸盐含量的调节有潜在贡献。值得注意的是，我们的 GP 模型具有显著的预测能力，对 GEBV 估计的平均准确率高达 0.51。GWAS 和 GP 方法的整合提供了对菠菜中草酸盐含量遗传基础的整体理解。这些发现为开发草酸盐含量最优化的菠菜栽培品种和杂交种提供了一个前景广阔的途径，从而促进了消费者的健康。
{"title":"Genomic insights into oxalate content in spinach: A genome-wide association study and genomic prediction approach","authors":"Haizheng Xiong, Kenani Chiwina, Waltram Ravelombola, Yilin Chen, Ibtisam Alatawi, Qun Luo, Theresa Makawa Phiri, Beiquan Mou, Ainong Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2023.12.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2023.12.015","url":null,"abstract":"Oxalate content in spinach is a key trait of interest due to its relevance to human health. Understanding the genetic basis of it can facilitate the development of spinach varieties with reduced oxalate levels. In pursuit of understanding the genetic determinants, a diverse panel comprising 288 spinach accessions underwent thorough phenotyping of oxalate content and were subjected to whole-genome resequencing, resulting in a comprehensive dataset encompassing 14 386 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Leveraging this dataset, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify noteworthy SNPs associated with oxalate content. Furthermore, we employed genomic prediction (GP) via cross-prediction, utilizing five GP models, to assess genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) for oxalate content. The observed normal distribution and the wide range of oxalate content, exceeding 600.0 mg · 100 g<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>, underscore the complex and quantitative nature of this trait, likely influenced by multiple genes. Additionally, our analysis revealed distinct stratification, delineating the population into four discernible subpopulations. Furthermore, GWAS analysis employing five models in GAPIT 3 and TASSEL 5 unveiled nine significant SNPs (four SNPs on chromosome 1 and five on chromosome 5) associated with oxalate content. These loci exhibited associations with six candidate genes, which might have potential contribution to oxalate content regulation. Remarkably, our GP models exhibited notable predictive abilities, yielding average accuracies of up to 0.51 for GEBV estimation. The integration of GWAS and GP approaches offers a holistic comprehension of the genetic underpinnings of oxalate content in spinach. These findings offered a promising avenue for the development of spinach cultivars and hybrids optimized for oxalate levels, promoting consumer health.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-14DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.04.005
Wei Hu, Fang Li, Huanling Li, Lei Zhang, Rupeng Cai, Qiying Lin, Yao Li, Xiaoyun Qin, Jiabao Wang
Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.), an important fruit tree in tropical and subtropical regions, possesses substantial economic value. The branch- and leaf-related traits of litchi have a significant impact on litchi yield and quality. However, due to limitations such as the density of the genetic linkage map, there have been few studies on mapping QTLs of branch- and leaf-related traits. In this study, a high-density genetic map was constructed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) using an F1 population of 264 progenies, derived from the cross between the cultivars ‘Sanyuehong’ and ‘Ziniangxi’. A total of 2574 high-quality BINs (binomial intervals) were obtained, and a genetic linkage map was constructed with a total length of 1753.3 cM and an average marker distance of 0.68 cM. With the genetic map and the phenotyping of single leaf length (SLL), single leaf width (SLW), leaf shape index (LSI), weight of specific leaf (WSL), petiole length (PL) and compound leaf length (CLL) measured in three seasons, 11, 9, 9, 10, 9 and 12 QTLs were detected for SLL, SLW, WSL, LSI, PL and CLL traits, respectively. Among these QTLs, five QTLs were consistently detected in two seasons and 12 pleiotropic QTLs were identified for at least two traits. These findings will provide new insights for the gene cloning for branch- and leaf-related traits as well as marker-assisted selection (MAS).
{"title":"QTL mapping for branch- and leaf-related traits with a high-density SNP genetic map in litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)","authors":"Wei Hu, Fang Li, Huanling Li, Lei Zhang, Rupeng Cai, Qiying Lin, Yao Li, Xiaoyun Qin, Jiabao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.04.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"Litchi (<ce:italic>Litchi chinensis</ce:italic> Sonn.), an important fruit tree in tropical and subtropical regions, possesses substantial economic value. The branch- and leaf-related traits of litchi have a significant impact on litchi yield and quality. However, due to limitations such as the density of the genetic linkage map, there have been few studies on mapping QTLs of branch- and leaf-related traits. In this study, a high-density genetic map was constructed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) using an F<ce:inf loc=\"post\">1</ce:inf> population of 264 progenies, derived from the cross between the cultivars ‘Sanyuehong’ and ‘Ziniangxi’. A total of 2574 high-quality BINs (binomial intervals) were obtained, and a genetic linkage map was constructed with a total length of 1753.3 cM and an average marker distance of 0.68 cM. With the genetic map and the phenotyping of single leaf length (SLL), single leaf width (SLW), leaf shape index (LSI), weight of specific leaf (WSL), petiole length (PL) and compound leaf length (CLL) measured in three seasons, 11, 9, 9, 10, 9 and 12 QTLs were detected for SLL, SLW, WSL, LSI, PL and CLL traits, respectively. Among these QTLs, five QTLs were consistently detected in two seasons and 12 pleiotropic QTLs were identified for at least two traits. These findings will provide new insights for the gene cloning for branch- and leaf-related traits as well as marker-assisted selection (MAS).","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142321913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nitrogen (N) is a key component in plants and their biological macromolecules, having a profound effect on developmental stages, such as germination, vegetative growth, and flowering. However, the mechanism of nitrogen-regulated flowering time remains unclear. In this study, CmNLP7 was isolated from the chrysanthemum cultivar ‘Jinba’ and was characterized. CmNLP7 is a transcription factor localized in the nucleus but has no transcriptional activity. Tissue expression pattern analysis showed that CmNLP7 was mainly transcribed in leaves and roots. Knocking down CmNLP7 through the artificial-miRNA method in chrysanthemum resulted in early flowering under optimal nitrogen (ON) and low nitrogen (LN) conditions; whereas overexpression lines showed delayed flowering under LN conditions. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that the nitrate transporters NRT2.5, NPF3.1, and NPF4.6; SBP-like genes SPL7 and SPL12, and flowering integration factor FT were significantly up-regulated in the knockdown lines. Based on the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, the differentially transcribed genes were enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways, which indicated their alleged function in nitrogen-regulated flowering and development in chrysanthemum. Furthermore CmPP6 as a homolog of the Arabidopsis phosphatase PP6, was verified as an interacting protein of CmNLP7 by yeast two-hybrid, BiFC, pull-down and Biacore in vitro and in vivo, and the knockdown line of CmPP6 (amiR-CmPP6) flowered earlier compared to that of the wild-type chrysanthemum ‘Jinba’. Collectively, these results demonstrated that CmPP6 interacts with CmNLP7 to regulate chrysanthemum flowering, and CmNLP7 could regulate flowering time in response to nitrogen, which lays a foundation for the regulation of flowering and molecular breeding of chrysanthemum through changes in nutrient signaling.
{"title":"CmNLP7 interacts with CmPP6 to suppress flowering time in Chrysanthemum","authors":"Guohui Wang, Juanjuan Wang, Mengru Yin, Yu Zhang, Jiaxin Zhang, Chaona Si, Sumei Chen, Zhiyong Guan, Shuang Zhao, Fei Zhang, Weiming Fang, Fadi Chen, Jiafu Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2023.09.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2023.09.012","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen (N) is a key component in plants and their biological macromolecules, having a profound effect on developmental stages, such as germination, vegetative growth, and flowering. However, the mechanism of nitrogen-regulated flowering time remains unclear. In this study, <ce:italic>CmNLP7</ce:italic> was isolated from the chrysanthemum cultivar ‘Jinba’ and was characterized. CmNLP7 is a transcription factor localized in the nucleus but has no transcriptional activity. Tissue expression pattern analysis showed that <ce:italic>CmNLP7</ce:italic> was mainly transcribed in leaves and roots. Knocking down CmNLP7 through the artificial-miRNA method in chrysanthemum resulted in early flowering under optimal nitrogen (ON) and low nitrogen (LN) conditions; whereas overexpression lines showed delayed flowering under LN conditions. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that the nitrate transporters <ce:italic>NRT2.5</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>NPF3.1</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>NPF4.6</ce:italic>; SBP-like genes <ce:italic>SPL7</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>SPL12</ce:italic>, and flowering integration factor <ce:italic>FT</ce:italic> were significantly up-regulated in the knockdown lines. Based on the KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, the differentially transcribed genes were enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways, which indicated their alleged function in nitrogen-regulated flowering and development in chrysanthemum. Furthermore CmPP6 as a homolog of the <ce:italic>Arabidopsis</ce:italic> phosphatase PP6, was verified as an interacting protein of CmNLP7 by yeast two-hybrid, BiFC, pull-down and Biacore <ce:italic>in vitro</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>in vivo</ce:italic>, and the knockdown line of <ce:italic>CmPP6</ce:italic> (amiR-<ce:italic>CmPP6</ce:italic>) flowered earlier compared to that of the wild-type chrysanthemum ‘Jinba’. Collectively, these results demonstrated that CmPP6 interacts with CmNLP7 to regulate chrysanthemum flowering, and <ce:italic>CmNLP7</ce:italic> could regulate flowering time in response to nitrogen, which lays a foundation for the regulation of flowering and molecular breeding of chrysanthemum through changes in nutrient signaling.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"832 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) causes destructive kiwifruit bacterial canker by invading vascular tissues across multiple plant organs. However, the cellular mechanism underlying its systemic transmission and cell-to-cell movement within these specialized vascular conduits remains unclear. In this study, a Psa-GFP strain and various microscopic techniques were used to investigate the interaction between kiwifruit and Psa. Our results reveal that Psa strategically exploits host vascular conduits for systemic movement, with the xylem vessel being the predominant avenue. In the phloem, Psa exhibits adaptive alteration in bacterial shape to traverse sieve pores, facilitating its systemic spread along sieve tubes and inducing phloem necrosis. Within the xylem, Psa breaches pit membranes to migrate between adjacent vessels. Furthermore, phloem fibers act as an initial barrier at the early stages of infection, delaying Psa's entry into vascular tissues during its journey to the xylem. Additionally, at the junctions of stem–stem or stem-leaf, branch trace or leaf trace mediates the bacterial organ-to-organ translocation, thus facilitating the systemic progression of disease. In conclusion, our findings shed light on the cellular mechanism employed by Psa to exploit the woody plant's vascular network for infection, thereby enhancing a better understanding of the biology of this poorly defined bacterium. These insights carry implications for the pathogenesis of Psa and other vascular pathogens, offering theoretical guidance for effective control strategies.
{"title":"Vascular network-mediated systemic spread of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae causes the bacterial canker of kiwifruit","authors":"Runze Tian, Yujie Tian, Qianqian Dang, Hongchang Zhang, Lili Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.05.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<ce:italic>Pseudomonas syringae</ce:italic> pv. <ce:italic>actinidiae</ce:italic> (<ce:italic>Psa</ce:italic>) causes destructive kiwifruit bacterial canker by invading vascular tissues across multiple plant organs. However, the cellular mechanism underlying its systemic transmission and cell-to-cell movement within these specialized vascular conduits remains unclear. In this study, a <ce:italic>Psa</ce:italic>-GFP strain and various microscopic techniques were used to investigate the interaction between kiwifruit and <ce:italic>Psa.</ce:italic> Our results reveal that <ce:italic>Psa</ce:italic> strategically exploits host vascular conduits for systemic movement, with the xylem vessel being the predominant avenue. In the phloem, <ce:italic>Psa</ce:italic> exhibits adaptive alteration in bacterial shape to traverse sieve pores, facilitating its systemic spread along sieve tubes and inducing phloem necrosis. Within the xylem, <ce:italic>Psa</ce:italic> breaches pit membranes to migrate between adjacent vessels. Furthermore, phloem fibers act as an initial barrier at the early stages of infection, delaying <ce:italic>Psa</ce:italic>'s entry into vascular tissues during its journey to the xylem. Additionally, at the junctions of stem–stem or stem-leaf, branch trace or leaf trace mediates the bacterial organ-to-organ translocation, thus facilitating the systemic progression of disease. In conclusion, our findings shed light on the cellular mechanism employed by <ce:italic>Psa</ce:italic> to exploit the woody plant's vascular network for infection, thereby enhancing a better understanding of the biology of this poorly defined bacterium. These insights carry implications for the pathogenesis of <ce:italic>Psa</ce:italic> and other vascular pathogens, offering theoretical guidance for effective control strategies.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"217 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142321911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iris (Iris germanica) is a very popular ornamental plant and is known for the precious spice irone produced from its roots. Many iris varieties can also release fragrances through their flowers. However, the composition of iris aroma and the molecular mechanism of its synthesis have not been reported. In this study, we analyzed the volatile floral compounds of I. germanica ‘Harvest of Memories’ at different stages and in different tissues through headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 36 volatile compounds were identified, and linalool was the dominant component. Transcriptome analysis showed that 35 differentially expressed genes and 218 differentially expressed transcription factors were positively correlated with linalool release. According to the results of qRT-qPCR, the expression level of the IgTPS14 gene was consistent with the release trend of linalool, suggesting that IgTPS14 may play a certain role in linalool synthesis. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the IgTPS14 protein belonged to the TPS-g subfamily. An in vitro enzymatic assay of IgTPS14 and its transient and stable overexpression in tobacco indicated that this gene produced linalool. The transient silencing of IgTPS14 in petals by virus-induced gene silencing technology revealed a significant reduction in the release of linalool. These results will help explore and reveal the molecular mechanism of monoterpenoid synthesis and provide a certain reference for studying the formation of iris aroma.
{"title":"Transcriptomic profiling of the floral fragrance biosynthesis of Iris germanica ‘Harvest of Memories’ and functional characterization of the IgTPS14 gene","authors":"Qian Zhao, Yuqing Li, Lina Gu, Di He, Jianrang Luo, Yanlong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"Iris (<ce:italic>Iris germanica</ce:italic>) is a very popular ornamental plant and is known for the precious spice irone produced from its roots. Many iris varieties can also release fragrances through their flowers. However, the composition of iris aroma and the molecular mechanism of its synthesis have not been reported. In this study, we analyzed the volatile floral compounds of <ce:italic>I. germanica</ce:italic> ‘Harvest of Memories’ at different stages and in different tissues through headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 36 volatile compounds were identified, and linalool was the dominant component. Transcriptome analysis showed that 35 differentially expressed genes and 218 differentially expressed transcription factors were positively correlated with linalool release. According to the results of qRT-qPCR, the expression level of the <ce:italic>IgTPS14</ce:italic> gene was consistent with the release trend of linalool, suggesting that <ce:italic>IgTPS14</ce:italic> may play a certain role in linalool synthesis. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the IgTPS14 protein belonged to the TPS-g subfamily. An <ce:italic>in vitro</ce:italic> enzymatic assay of <ce:italic>IgTPS14</ce:italic> and its transient and stable overexpression in tobacco indicated that this gene produced linalool. The transient silencing of <ce:italic>IgTPS14</ce:italic> in petals by virus-induced gene silencing technology revealed a significant reduction in the release of linalool. These results will help explore and reveal the molecular mechanism of monoterpenoid synthesis and provide a certain reference for studying the formation of iris aroma.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.03.011
Yang Qin, Changyun Zhang, Xiucai Fan, Jianfu Jiang, Ying Zhang, Jihong Liu, Chonghuai Liu, Lei Sun
Anthocyanins are important metabolites that provide a red or blue–purple hue to plants. The biosynthesis of these metabolites is mainly activated by the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex and repressed by a wide variety of proteins. Studies have shown that MYB activators activate MYB repressors to balance anthocyanin biosynthesis. However, there is a scarcity of studies investigating this mechanism in grapes. To explore the transcription factors involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis, we reanalyzed the RNA-seq database for different developmental stages of ‘Muscat Hamburg’ berries, and the R2R3-MYB gene, annotated as VvMYB3, was screened. Our study revealed the anthocyanin content of the grape cultivar ‘Y73’ was higher than that of its parental cultivar MH, and the putative repressor VvMYB3 was found to be highly expressed in ‘Y73’ by qRT-PCR. The calli transgenic assays demonstrated that the repressive activity of VvMYB3 was conferred by the bHLH-binding motif, as well as by the C1 and C2 motifs. Yeast hybridization and chip-PCR assays revealed that VvMYB3 could repress anthocyanin biosynthesis by competing with VvMYBA1 to bind to VvMYC1 and promoting histone deacetylation of VvUFGT via the C2 motif. However, the expression of VvMYB3 was activated by VvMYBA1, which forms a negative feedback regulatory loop to modulate anthocyanin accumulation. In addition, we found a 408-bp repeat tandem sequence insertion in the VvMYBA1 promoter region of ‘Y73’ by sequencing. The GUS activity analysis showed that this sequence enhanced the expression of VvMYBA1 and led to an excessive accumulation of anthocyanins. Overall, our results provide insights into the anthocyanin activator–repressor system in grapes that prevents overaccumulation of anthocyanins.
{"title":"VvMYBA1 and VvMYB3 form an activator–repressor system to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in grape","authors":"Yang Qin, Changyun Zhang, Xiucai Fan, Jianfu Jiang, Ying Zhang, Jihong Liu, Chonghuai Liu, Lei Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.03.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.03.011","url":null,"abstract":"Anthocyanins are important metabolites that provide a red or blue–purple hue to plants. The biosynthesis of these metabolites is mainly activated by the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex and repressed by a wide variety of proteins. Studies have shown that MYB activators activate MYB repressors to balance anthocyanin biosynthesis. However, there is a scarcity of studies investigating this mechanism in grapes. To explore the transcription factors involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis, we reanalyzed the RNA-seq database for different developmental stages of ‘Muscat Hamburg’ berries, and the R2R3-MYB gene, annotated as <ce:italic>VvMYB3</ce:italic>, was screened. Our study revealed the anthocyanin content of the grape cultivar ‘Y73’ was higher than that of its parental cultivar MH, and the putative repressor <ce:italic>VvMYB3</ce:italic> was found to be highly expressed in ‘Y73’ by qRT-PCR. The calli transgenic assays demonstrated that the repressive activity of VvMYB3 was conferred by the bHLH-binding motif, as well as by the C1 and C2 motifs. Yeast hybridization and chip-PCR assays revealed that VvMYB3 could repress anthocyanin biosynthesis by competing with VvMYBA1 to bind to VvMYC1 and promoting histone deacetylation of <ce:italic>VvUFGT</ce:italic> via the C2 motif. However, the expression of <ce:italic>VvMYB3</ce:italic> was activated by VvMYBA1, which forms a negative feedback regulatory loop to modulate anthocyanin accumulation. In addition, we found a 408-bp repeat tandem sequence insertion in the <ce:italic>VvMYBA1</ce:italic> promoter region of ‘Y73’ by sequencing. The GUS activity analysis showed that this sequence enhanced the expression of <ce:italic>VvMYBA1</ce:italic> and led to an excessive accumulation of anthocyanins. Overall, our results provide insights into the anthocyanin activator–repressor system in grapes that prevents overaccumulation of anthocyanins.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monocot root systems comprise a large number of lateral roots to allow them to survive and colonize land. Auxin signaling pathways centered on Aux/IAA play a crucial role in lateral root development. However, in non-model monocot plants, the effects of Aux/IAA on lateral root initiation and number remain largely unknown. The present study transformed PheIAA17, a member of the Aux/IAA family of Moso bamboo, into rice and found that it significantly drove plants to produce lateral roots and improved the rooting rate. Quantitative experiments showed that PheIAA17 overexpression significantly affected the expression of ARF family members. Phylogenetic and promoter analyses indicate that PheARF3-2 belongs to class B ARF, and the promoter region contains auxin response elements. The results of yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed that PheIAA17 bound specific fragments of the PheARF3-2 promoter to repress its transcriptional activity. Y2H and BiFC assay have shown that PheIAA17 and PheIAA30-3 could physically interact in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, this study reports a new molecular module centered on PheIAA17, which directs plants to alter root morphology through an increase in lateral roots.
{"title":"A molecular module with PheIAA17 as the core significantly promotes lateral root germination","authors":"Junlei Xu, Miaomiao Cai, Yali Xie, Zhanchao Cheng, Chongyang Wu, Jian Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2023.11.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2023.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"Monocot root systems comprise a large number of lateral roots to allow them to survive and colonize land. Auxin signaling pathways centered on Aux/IAA play a crucial role in lateral root development. However, in non-model monocot plants, the effects of Aux/IAA on lateral root initiation and number remain largely unknown. The present study transformed <ce:italic>PheIAA17</ce:italic>, a member of the Aux/IAA family of Moso bamboo, into rice and found that it significantly drove plants to produce lateral roots and improved the rooting rate. Quantitative experiments showed that <ce:italic>PheIAA17</ce:italic> overexpression significantly affected the expression of ARF family members. Phylogenetic and promoter analyses indicate that PheARF3-2 belongs to class B ARF, and the promoter region contains auxin response elements. The results of yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed that PheIAA17 bound specific fragments of the <ce:italic>PheARF3-2</ce:italic> promoter to repress its transcriptional activity. Y2H and BiFC assay have shown that PheIAA17 and PheIAA30-3 could physically interact in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, this study reports a new molecular module centered on <ce:italic>PheIAA17</ce:italic>, which directs plants to alter root morphology through an increase in lateral roots.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.04.004
Yage Li, Liuzi Zhang, Zhouyu Yuan, Jianting Zhang, Yan Zhong, Liangju Wang
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), is a novel plant growth regulator that can enhance plant tolerance against salt stress. However, the molecular mechanism of ALA is not well studied. In this study, ALA improved salt tolerance of apple (Malus × domestica 'Gala') when the detached leaves or cultured calli were used as the materials. The expression of MdWRKY71, a WRKY transcription factor (TF) gene was found to be responsive to NaCl as well as ALA treatment. Functional analysis showed that overexpressing (OE)-MdWRKY71 significantly improved the salt tolerance of the transgenic apple, while RNA interfering (RNAi)-MdWRKY71 reduced the salt tolerance. However, exogenous ALA alleviated the salt damage in the RNAi-MdWRKY71 apple. When MdWRKY71 was transferred into tobacco, the salt tolerance of transgenic plants was enhanced, which was further improved by exogenous ALA. Subsequently, MdWRKY71 bound to the W-box of promoters of MdSOS2, MdNHX1, MdCLC-g, MdSOD1, MdCAT1 and MdAPX1, transcriptionally activating the gene expressions. Since the genes are responsible for Na+ and Cl− transport and antioxidant enzyme activity respectively, it can be concluded that MdWRKY71, a new TF, is involved in ALA-improved salt tolerance by regulating ion homeostasis and redox homeostasis. These results provided new insights into the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of ALA in enhancing apple salt tolerance.
5-氨基乙酰丙酸（ALA）是一种新型植物生长调节剂，可增强植物对盐胁迫的耐受性。然而，对 ALA 的分子机理还没有深入研究。本研究以苹果（Malus × domestica 'Gala'）的离体叶片或培养的胼胝体为材料，发现 ALA 能提高苹果（Malus × domestica 'Gala'）的耐盐性。研究发现，WRKY 转录因子（TF）基因 MdWRKY71 的表达对 NaCl 和 ALA 处理均有反应。功能分析显示，过表达 (OE)-MdWRKY71 能显著提高转基因苹果的耐盐性，而 RNA 干扰 (RNAi)-MdWRKY71 则会降低耐盐性。然而，外源 ALA 可减轻 RNAi-MdWRKY71 苹果的盐害。将 MdWRKY71 转入烟草后，转基因植株的耐盐性增强，外源 ALA 进一步提高了耐盐性。随后，MdWRKY71 与 MdSOS2、MdNHX1、MdCLC-g、MdSOD1、MdCAT1 和 MdAPX1 启动子的 W-box 结合，转录激活了这些基因的表达。由于这些基因分别负责Na+和Cl-的转运以及抗氧化酶的活性，因此可以得出结论：MdWRKY71作为一种新的TF，通过调节离子平衡和氧化还原平衡参与了ALA提高耐盐性的过程。这些结果为研究 ALA 提高苹果耐盐性的转录调控机制提供了新的视角。
{"title":"MdWRKY71 as a positive regulator involved in 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced salt tolerance in apple","authors":"Yage Li, Liuzi Zhang, Zhouyu Yuan, Jianting Zhang, Yan Zhong, Liangju Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), is a novel plant growth regulator that can enhance plant tolerance against salt stress. However, the molecular mechanism of ALA is not well studied. In this study, ALA improved salt tolerance of apple (<ce:italic>Malus</ce:italic> × <ce:italic>domestica</ce:italic> 'Gala') when the detached leaves or cultured calli were used as the materials. The expression of <ce:italic>MdWRKY71</ce:italic>, a WRKY transcription factor (TF) gene was found to be responsive to NaCl as well as ALA treatment. Functional analysis showed that overexpressing (OE)-<ce:italic>MdWRKY71</ce:italic> significantly improved the salt tolerance of the transgenic apple, while RNA interfering (RNAi)-<ce:italic>MdWRKY71</ce:italic> reduced the salt tolerance. However, exogenous ALA alleviated the salt damage in the RNAi<ce:italic>-MdWRKY71</ce:italic> apple. When <ce:italic>MdWRKY71</ce:italic> was transferred into tobacco, the salt tolerance of transgenic plants was enhanced, which was further improved by exogenous ALA. Subsequently, MdWRKY71 bound to the W-box of promoters of <ce:italic>MdSOS2, MdNHX1, MdCLC-g, MdSOD1, MdCAT1</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>MdAPX1</ce:italic>, transcriptionally activating the gene expressions. Since the genes are responsible for Na<ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup> and Cl<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−</ce:sup> transport and antioxidant enzyme activity respectively, it can be concluded that MdWRKY71, a new TF, is involved in ALA-improved salt tolerance by regulating ion homeostasis and redox homeostasis. These results provided new insights into the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of ALA in enhancing apple salt tolerance.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.01.011
Wanqi Shen, Chunfa Zeng, Jingxian Sun, Jian Meng, Ping Yuan, Fanwen Bu, Kaijie Zhu, Junwei Liu, Guohuai Li
Autotoxicity stress is the principal factor in peach replant problem. Benzoic acid (BA) is known as a critical autotoxin in replant problem, and causes an obvious inhibitory effect on peach growth. Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) have been reported to play pivotal roles in a variety of physiological and biological processes in various plants. Nevertheless, little is known about the functions and the underlying physiological mechanisms of under autotoxicity stress. Here, we identified of peach () and deciphered its role in BA stress response. was significantly induced by BA treatment. Overexpression of elevated BA tolerance in and peach plants, whereas down-regulation of in peach through virus-induced gene silencing enhanced BA sensitivity. Compared to the control, the overexpressing plants exhibited lower contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, regulated the transcripts of stress-responsive genes including , , , , , and in overexpressing and silenced peach plants. Taken together, these data suggest that plays a positive role in peach response to BA stress by, at least partly, regulating ROS metabolism and stress-responsive gene expression. Our findings will be of great importance for further understanding the roles of genes in autotoxicity stress, and assist crop breeding in mitigating replant problem.
自毒胁迫是造成桃子移栽问题的主要因素。众所周知，苯甲酸（BA）是造成移栽问题的重要自毒毒素，对桃的生长有明显的抑制作用。据报道，小热休克蛋白（sHSPs）在各种植物的各种生理和生物过程中发挥着关键作用。然而，人们对其在自毒胁迫下的功能及其生理机制知之甚少。在此，我们鉴定了桃子（）中的 "雌激素"，并破译了它在 BA 胁迫响应中的作用，发现 "雌激素 "在 BA 处理中被显著诱导。通过病毒诱导的基因沉默技术，过表达""提高了桃植株和桃植株对BA的耐受性，而下调""则增强了桃植株对BA的敏感性。与对照相比，过表达植株的活性氧（ROS）含量较低，抗氧化酶活性较高。此外，在过表达和沉默的桃植株中，胁迫响应基因（包括、、、、和）的转录本受到调控。综上所述，这些数据表明，ROS 在桃树对 BA 胁迫的响应中至少部分地起到了调节 ROS 代谢和胁迫响应基因表达的积极作用。我们的研究结果对于进一步了解自毒胁迫中基因的作用以及帮助作物育种减轻移栽问题具有重要意义。
{"title":"PpHSP20-26, a small heat shock protein, confers enhanced autotoxicity stress tolerance in peach","authors":"Wanqi Shen, Chunfa Zeng, Jingxian Sun, Jian Meng, Ping Yuan, Fanwen Bu, Kaijie Zhu, Junwei Liu, Guohuai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.01.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"Autotoxicity stress is the principal factor in peach replant problem. Benzoic acid (BA) is known as a critical autotoxin in replant problem, and causes an obvious inhibitory effect on peach growth. Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) have been reported to play pivotal roles in a variety of physiological and biological processes in various plants. Nevertheless, little is known about the functions and the underlying physiological mechanisms of under autotoxicity stress. Here, we identified of peach () and deciphered its role in BA stress response. was significantly induced by BA treatment. Overexpression of elevated BA tolerance in and peach plants, whereas down-regulation of in peach through virus-induced gene silencing enhanced BA sensitivity. Compared to the control, the overexpressing plants exhibited lower contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, regulated the transcripts of stress-responsive genes including , , , , , and in overexpressing and silenced peach plants. Taken together, these data suggest that plays a positive role in peach response to BA stress by, at least partly, regulating ROS metabolism and stress-responsive gene expression. Our findings will be of great importance for further understanding the roles of genes in autotoxicity stress, and assist crop breeding in mitigating replant problem.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142171545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：