Pub Date : 2024-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.03.014
Xiaolong Wang, Chang Liu, Xiaohao Ji, Xiangbin Shi, Zhiqiang Wang, Baoliang Wang, Fengzhi Liu, Haibo Wang
Achieving global fruit demand can be realized through the application of agricultural technologies. However, it is crucial to first overcome the enormous agricultural challenges posed by the implementation of efficient irrigation technologies. To address the issues related to inadequate water supply and inefficient traditional fruit tree irrigation methods, we propose a cost-effective and efficient approach—the “439” field precision irrigation scheme. This scheme predicts four relative soil water content minimum thresholds (RSWCTs) and maximum (RSWCTe) thresholds (relative to the percentage of field capacity [FC]) for starting and ending irrigation. By exploring the relationship between RSWCTs, RSWCTe and fruit quality, we assessed the scheme's effectiveness. A practical case study was conducted on grape (Vitis vinifera L., ‘87-1’) cultivated in a facility from 2019 to 2022 to evaluate the scheme's impact on irrigation management. The results indicate that maintaining 70%–80 % FC from germination stage (GS) to end bloom stage (EBS), 70%–80 % FC from EBS to veraison stage (VS), 55%–70 % FC from VS to maturation stage (MS), and 55%–65 % FC from MS to deciduous stage (DS) improve single grain weight (SGW). Similarly, to improve total soluble solid content, 60%–80 % FC is suggested from GS to EBS, 70%–80 % FC from EBS to VS, 60%–70 % FC from VS to MS, and 60%–70 % FC from MS to DS. To improve peel strength and fruit quality index (FQI), 70%–80 % FC is recommended from GS to EBS, 60%–70 % FC from EBS to VS, 55%–65 % FC from VS to MS, and 55%–70 % FC from MS to DS. This management tool helps farmers optimize irrigation efficiency and increase profits by growing high-quality fruit. In summary, the implementation of the “439” field precision irrigation system, coupled with fruit quality analysis, holds promise for enhancing water efficiency in precision agriculture.
通过应用农业技术，可以实现全球水果需求。然而，关键是要首先克服实施高效灌溉技术所带来的巨大农业挑战。为了解决供水不足和传统果树灌溉方法效率低下的问题，我们提出了一种经济高效的方法--"439 "田间精确灌溉方案。该方案预测了开始和结束灌溉的四个相对土壤含水量最小阈值（RSWCTs）和最大阈值（RSWCTe）（相对于田间容量百分比[FC]）。通过探索 RSWCTs、RSWCTe 和果实质量之间的关系，我们评估了该计划的有效性。从 2019 年到 2022 年，我们对设施栽培的葡萄（葡萄属，'87-1'）进行了实际案例研究，以评估该计划对灌溉管理的影响。结果表明，从发芽期（GS）到开花末期（EBS）保持 70%-80% 的 FC，从开花末期到成熟期（VS）保持 70%-80% 的 FC，从成熟期到成熟期（MS）保持 55%-70% 的 FC，从成熟期到落叶期（DS）保持 55%-65% 的 FC，都能提高单粒重量（SGW）。同样，为了提高总可溶性固形物含量，建议从 GS 到 EBS 的 FC 含量为 60%-80%，从 EBS 到 VS 的 FC 含量为 70%-80%，从 VS 到 MS 的 FC 含量为 60%-70%，从 MS 到 DS 的 FC 含量为 60%-70%。为提高果皮强度和果实质量指数（FQI），建议从 GS 到 EBS 的 FC 含量为 70%-80%，从 EBS 到 VS 的 FC 含量为 60%-70%，从 VS 到 MS 的 FC 含量为 55%-65%，从 MS 到 DS 的 FC 含量为 55%-70%。这一管理工具有助于农民优化灌溉效率，通过种植优质水果提高利润。总之，"439 "田间精确灌溉系统的实施与水果质量分析相结合，有望提高精准农业的用水效率。
{"title":"An efficient irrigation method for facility-cultivated grape trees at various stages of development","authors":"Xiaolong Wang, Chang Liu, Xiaohao Ji, Xiangbin Shi, Zhiqiang Wang, Baoliang Wang, Fengzhi Liu, Haibo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.03.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.03.014","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving global fruit demand can be realized through the application of agricultural technologies. However, it is crucial to first overcome the enormous agricultural challenges posed by the implementation of efficient irrigation technologies. To address the issues related to inadequate water supply and inefficient traditional fruit tree irrigation methods, we propose a cost-effective and efficient approach—the “439” field precision irrigation scheme. This scheme predicts four relative soil water content minimum thresholds (RSWCT<ce:inf loc=\"post\">s</ce:inf>) and maximum (RSWCT<ce:inf loc=\"post\">e</ce:inf>) thresholds (relative to the percentage of field capacity [FC]) for starting and ending irrigation. By exploring the relationship between RSWCT<ce:inf loc=\"post\">s</ce:inf>, RSWCT<ce:inf loc=\"post\">e</ce:inf> and fruit quality, we assessed the scheme's effectiveness. A practical case study was conducted on grape (<ce:italic>Vitis vinifera</ce:italic> L., ‘87-1’) cultivated in a facility from 2019 to 2022 to evaluate the scheme's impact on irrigation management. The results indicate that maintaining 70%–80 % FC from germination stage (GS) to end bloom stage (EBS), 70%–80 % FC from EBS to veraison stage (VS), 55%–70 % FC from VS to maturation stage (MS), and 55%–65 % FC from MS to deciduous stage (DS) improve single grain weight (SGW). Similarly, to improve total soluble solid content, 60%–80 % FC is suggested from GS to EBS, 70%–80 % FC from EBS to VS, 60%–70 % FC from VS to MS, and 60%–70 % FC from MS to DS. To improve peel strength and fruit quality index (FQI), 70%–80 % FC is recommended from GS to EBS, 60%–70 % FC from EBS to VS, 55%–65 % FC from VS to MS, and 55%–70 % FC from MS to DS. This management tool helps farmers optimize irrigation efficiency and increase profits by growing high-quality fruit. In summary, the implementation of the “439” field precision irrigation system, coupled with fruit quality analysis, holds promise for enhancing water efficiency in precision agriculture.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.07.004
Yeni Chen, Guoyuan Shao, Linmei Chen, Huanyu Zhang, Yongyi Cui, Ping Luo
Coloration in rose (Rosa hybrida) petals is primarily determined by anthocyanin accumulation in vacuoles, and vacuolar acidification plays a central role in controlling the accumulation of this pigment. Nevertheless, the regulatory interplay between anthocyanin accumulation and tissue acidification processes remains somewhat unclear. The present study characterized an activator RhMYB114 and a repressor RhMYB16, which functioned synergistically in anthocyanin accumulation and tissue acidification in rose. Transforming tobacco and roses by overexpression, the introduction of RhMYB114 resulted in an increase in anthocyanin levels and a noticeable decrease in pH in the petal cells of both rose and tobacco, whereas RhMYB16 introduction led to inverse effects. To further clarify the underlying the regulatory mechanisms, the yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and dual-luciferase (LUC) were employed. The results showed that RhMYB16 competed with RhMYB114, bound to RhbHLH3 or RhbHLH33, and inhibited its ability to induce the expression of genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and acidification. Our findings revealed a feedback mechanism for the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis and tissue acidification involving RhMYB114, which stimulated the transcriptional expression of RhMYB16, whose encoded protein RhMYB16, in turn, negatively regulated the transcriptional expression of RhMYB114. Therefore, this study underscores the pivotal roles of the RhMYB114–RhMYB16 loop in regulating anthocyanin synthesis and tissue acidification, offering insights into metabolic manipulation to enhance the aesthetic appeal of roses.
{"title":"A feedback loop comprising RhMYB114 and RhMYB16 regulates anthocyanin accumulation and tissue acidification in Rosa hybrida","authors":"Yeni Chen, Guoyuan Shao, Linmei Chen, Huanyu Zhang, Yongyi Cui, Ping Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"Coloration in rose (<ce:italic>Rosa hybrida</ce:italic>) petals is primarily determined by anthocyanin accumulation in vacuoles, and vacuolar acidification plays a central role in controlling the accumulation of this pigment. Nevertheless, the regulatory interplay between anthocyanin accumulation and tissue acidification processes remains somewhat unclear. The present study characterized an activator <ce:italic>RhMYB114</ce:italic> and a repressor <ce:italic>RhMYB16</ce:italic>, which functioned synergistically in anthocyanin accumulation and tissue acidification in rose. Transforming tobacco and roses by overexpression, the introduction of <ce:italic>RhMYB114</ce:italic> resulted in an increase in anthocyanin levels and a noticeable decrease in pH in the petal cells of both rose and tobacco, whereas <ce:italic>RhMYB16</ce:italic> introduction led to inverse effects. To further clarify the underlying the regulatory mechanisms, the yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and dual-luciferase (LUC) were employed. The results showed that RhMYB16 competed with RhMYB114, bound to RhbHLH3 or RhbHLH33, and inhibited its ability to induce the expression of genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and acidification. Our findings revealed a feedback mechanism for the regulation of anthocyanin synthesis and tissue acidification involving <ce:italic>RhMYB114</ce:italic>, which stimulated the transcriptional expression of <ce:italic>RhMYB16</ce:italic>, whose encoded protein RhMYB16, in turn, negatively regulated the transcriptional expression of <ce:italic>RhMYB114</ce:italic>. Therefore, this study underscores the pivotal roles of the RhMYB114–RhMYB16 loop in regulating anthocyanin synthesis and tissue acidification, offering insights into metabolic manipulation to enhance the aesthetic appeal of roses.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.04.012
Zhenhua Liu, Jing Song, Yan Wang, Ailing Yan, Xiaoyue Wang, Huiling Wang, Jiancheng Ren, Haiying Xu, Pingyin Guan, Lei Sun
In grape breeding programs, the extensive planting of seedlings is a crucial aspect. However, grape seeds display distinct dormancy traits, necessitating a prolonged cold stratification process for dormancy release. In order to enhance the efficiency of breeding programs, this study presents an innovative in vitro embryo germination technique that eliminates the requirement for cold stratification of seeds. The method involves the disruption of peripheral tissue in grape seed embryos using a straightforward mechanical technique, resulting in the efficient production of a substantial quantity of seed embryos，with a germination rate of up to 88 % for these isolated embryos. These embryos are subsequently cultured in vitro to facilitate germination into seedlings, thereby eliminating the need for cold stratification. Consequently, grape seedlings can be obtained within a significantly reduced timeframe of 30–38 d, expediting the overall grape breeding process. This novel approach not only accelerates grape hybridization but also streamlines the selection of new grape varieties, contributing to an efficient and time-sensitive breeding methodology.
在葡萄育种计划中，大量种植幼苗是一个关键环节。然而，葡萄种子具有明显的休眠特性，需要长时间的低温冷藏才能解除休眠。为了提高育种计划的效率，本研究提出了一种创新的体外胚胎萌发技术，该技术无需对种子进行冷藏。该方法采用直接的机械技术破坏葡萄籽胚的外围组织，从而有效地生产出大量的籽胚，这些分离出来的胚的萌发率高达 88%。这些胚胎随后在体外培养，促进发芽成苗，从而省去了低温分层。因此，在 30-38 d 的时间内就能获得葡萄幼苗，大大缩短了时间，加快了整个葡萄育种过程。这种新方法不仅加快了葡萄杂交的速度，而且简化了葡萄新品种的选育过程，有助于形成一种高效、时效性强的育种方法。
{"title":"Advancing grape breeding through an in vitro embryo germination technique without cold stratification","authors":"Zhenhua Liu, Jing Song, Yan Wang, Ailing Yan, Xiaoyue Wang, Huiling Wang, Jiancheng Ren, Haiying Xu, Pingyin Guan, Lei Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.04.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"In grape breeding programs, the extensive planting of seedlings is a crucial aspect. However, grape seeds display distinct dormancy traits, necessitating a prolonged cold stratification process for dormancy release. In order to enhance the efficiency of breeding programs, this study presents an innovative <ce:italic>in vitro</ce:italic> embryo germination technique that eliminates the requirement for cold stratification of seeds. The method involves the disruption of peripheral tissue in grape seed embryos using a straightforward mechanical technique, resulting in the efficient production of a substantial quantity of seed embryos，with a germination rate of up to 88 % for these isolated embryos. These embryos are subsequently cultured <ce:italic>in vitro</ce:italic> to facilitate germination into seedlings, thereby eliminating the need for cold stratification. Consequently, grape seedlings can be obtained within a significantly reduced timeframe of 30–38 d, expediting the overall grape breeding process. This novel approach not only accelerates grape hybridization but also streamlines the selection of new grape varieties, contributing to an efficient and time-sensitive breeding methodology.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.07.003
Hongming Chen, Zhiyou Xuan, Lu Yang, Song Zhang, Mengji Cao
In this review, the advantages and advances in applying high-throughput sequencing (HTS) in the management of viral diseases in citrus, along with some challenges, are discussed to provide perspectives on future prospects. Since the initial implementation of HTS in citrus virology, a substantial number of citrus viruses have been identified, with a notable increase in the last 7 years. The acquisition of viral genomes and various HTS-based omics analyses serve as crucial pillars for advancing research in the etiology, epidemiology, pathology, evolution, ecology, and biotechnology of citrus viruses. HTS has notably contributed to disease diagnosis, such as the diagnoses of concave gum and impietratura, as well as to the surveillance of new virus risks and the preparation of virus-free materials. However, certain inherent defects in HTS and coupled bioinformatics analysis, such as challenges with sequence assembly and the detection of viral dark matter, require improvement to enhance practical efficiency. In addition, the utilization of HTS for the systematic management of citrus viral diseases remains limited, and drawing insights from other virus–plant pathosystems while integrating emerging compatible techniques and ideas may broaden its specific applications.
{"title":"Managing virus diseases in citrus: Leveraging high-throughput sequencing for versatile applications","authors":"Hongming Chen, Zhiyou Xuan, Lu Yang, Song Zhang, Mengji Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"In this review, the advantages and advances in applying high-throughput sequencing (HTS) in the management of viral diseases in citrus, along with some challenges, are discussed to provide perspectives on future prospects. Since the initial implementation of HTS in citrus virology, a substantial number of citrus viruses have been identified, with a notable increase in the last 7 years. The acquisition of viral genomes and various HTS-based omics analyses serve as crucial pillars for advancing research in the etiology, epidemiology, pathology, evolution, ecology, and biotechnology of citrus viruses. HTS has notably contributed to disease diagnosis, such as the diagnoses of concave gum and impietratura, as well as to the surveillance of new virus risks and the preparation of virus-free materials. However, certain inherent defects in HTS and coupled bioinformatics analysis, such as challenges with sequence assembly and the detection of viral dark matter, require improvement to enhance practical efficiency. In addition, the utilization of HTS for the systematic management of citrus viral diseases remains limited, and drawing insights from other virus–plant pathosystems while integrating emerging compatible techniques and ideas may broaden its specific applications.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hypocotyl length is regarded to be a crucial seedling trait, influencing many subsequent plant development processes. However, little is known about this trait in Brassica campestris syn. Brasscia rapa. Here, we performed a comparative observation on the early hypocotyl development between two cultivars, ‘SZQ’ belonging to pak-choi (B. campestris ssp. chinensis var. communis) with longer hypocotyls, and ‘WTC’ belonging to Tacai (B. campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. rosularis) with shortter hypocotyls, and found that the difference in auxin biosynthesis might contribute to the varied hypocotyl phenotype between these two cultivars. By applying GWAS analysis using a total of 226 B. campestris accessions, we identified that the AT-Hook motif nuclear localized (AHL) gene BcAHL24-MF1 contributed to the natural variation in hypocotyl length. Functional variation of BcAHL24-MF1 was attributed to four haplotypes featuring four SNPs within the promoter region, of which Hap I accumulated more transcripts with shorter hypocotyls. Constitutive overexpression of BcAHL24-MF1 in B. campestris caused decreased hypocotyl length under light circumstances and even constant darkness, as BcAHL24-MF1 repressed the PIF-mediated transcriptional activation of auxin biosynthesis genes BcYUC6-MF2 and BcYUC8-LF. Our research uncovered the important role of BcAHL24-MF1 in regulating light-triggered inhibition of hypocotyl elongation, therefore presenting a valuable genetic target for crop breeding.
{"title":"BcAHL24-MF1 promotes photomorphogenesis in Brassica campestris via inhibiting over-elongation of hypocotyl under light conditions","authors":"Huiyan Zhou, Jingwen Chen, Xiaojie Cai, Xiangtan Yao, Xinhua Quan, Songhua Bai, Jinzhuang Ni, Yujing Shao, Li Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.05.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.05.015","url":null,"abstract":"Hypocotyl length is regarded to be a crucial seedling trait, influencing many subsequent plant development processes. However, little is known about this trait in <ce:italic>Brassica campestris</ce:italic> syn. <ce:italic>Brasscia rapa</ce:italic>. Here, we performed a comparative observation on the early hypocotyl development between two cultivars, ‘SZQ’ belonging to pak-choi (<ce:italic>B. campestris</ce:italic> ssp. <ce:italic>chinensis</ce:italic> var. <ce:italic>communis</ce:italic>) with longer hypocotyls, and ‘WTC’ belonging to Tacai (<ce:italic>B</ce:italic>. <ce:italic>campestris</ce:italic> L. ssp. <ce:italic>chinensis</ce:italic> var. <ce:italic>rosularis</ce:italic>) with shortter hypocotyls, and found that the difference in auxin biosynthesis might contribute to the varied hypocotyl phenotype between these two cultivars. By applying GWAS analysis using a total of 226 <ce:italic>B. campestris</ce:italic> accessions, we identified that the AT-Hook motif nuclear localized (AHL) gene <ce:italic>BcAHL24-MF1</ce:italic> contributed to the natural variation in hypocotyl length. Functional variation of BcAHL24-MF1 was attributed to four haplotypes featuring four SNPs within the promoter region, of which Hap I accumulated more transcripts with shorter hypocotyls. Constitutive overexpression of <ce:italic>BcAHL24-MF1</ce:italic> in <ce:italic>B. campestris</ce:italic> caused decreased hypocotyl length under light circumstances and even constant darkness, as BcAHL24-MF1 repressed the PIF-mediated transcriptional activation of auxin biosynthesis genes <ce:italic>BcYUC6-MF2</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>BcYUC8-LF.</ce:italic> Our research uncovered the important role of BcAHL24-MF1 in regulating light-triggered inhibition of hypocotyl elongation, therefore presenting a valuable genetic target for crop breeding.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"172 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.06.008
Chenlu Zhang, Ling Li, Yutong Zhang, Qiannan Liang, Sha Luo, Zhi Huang, Huanxiu Li, Victor Hugo Escalona, Zhifeng Chen, Fen Zhang, Yi Tang, Bo Sun
Carotenoid isomerase (CRTISO) is an important enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis, and it catalyzes the conversion of lycopene precursors to lycopene in several plant species. However, the role of CRTISO in other biochemical processes during plant growth and development remains unclear. Here, we showed that Chinese kale boacrtiso mutants have distinctive characteristics, including a yellow-green hue and glossy appearance, and this contrasts with the dark green and glaucous traits observed in wild-type (WT) plants. Analysis of pigments in mutants revealed that the reduction in the content of carotenoids and chlorophylls contributed to the yellow-green coloration observed in mutants. An examination of cuticular waxes in Chinese kale indicated that there was a decrease in both the total wax content and the content of individual waxes in boacrtiso mutants (bearing a mutation of BoaCRTISO), which may be caused by the decrease of abscisic acid (ABA) content. The expression of carotenoid, chlorophyll, ABA, and wax biosynthesis genes was down-regulated in boacrtiso mutants. This finding confirms that BoaCRTISO regulates the biosynthesis of pigments, ABA, and cuticular waxes in Chinese kale. Our results provide new insights into the interplay between plant pigment and cuticular wax metabolic pathways in Brassica vegetables.
{"title":"BoaCRTISO regulates the color and glossiness of Chinese kale through its effects on pigment, abscisic acid, and cuticular wax biosynthesis","authors":"Chenlu Zhang, Ling Li, Yutong Zhang, Qiannan Liang, Sha Luo, Zhi Huang, Huanxiu Li, Victor Hugo Escalona, Zhifeng Chen, Fen Zhang, Yi Tang, Bo Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.06.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"Carotenoid isomerase (CRTISO) is an important enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis, and it catalyzes the conversion of lycopene precursors to lycopene in several plant species. However, the role of CRTISO in other biochemical processes during plant growth and development remains unclear. Here, we showed that Chinese kale <ce:italic>boacrtiso</ce:italic> mutants have distinctive characteristics, including a yellow-green hue and glossy appearance, and this contrasts with the dark green and glaucous traits observed in wild-type (WT) plants. Analysis of pigments in mutants revealed that the reduction in the content of carotenoids and chlorophylls contributed to the yellow-green coloration observed in mutants. An examination of cuticular waxes in Chinese kale indicated that there was a decrease in both the total wax content and the content of individual waxes in <ce:italic>boacrtiso</ce:italic> mutants (bearing a mutation of <ce:italic>BoaCRTISO</ce:italic>), which may be caused by the decrease of abscisic acid (ABA) content. The expression of carotenoid, chlorophyll, ABA, and wax biosynthesis genes was down-regulated in <ce:italic>boacrtiso</ce:italic> mutants. This finding confirms that <ce:italic>BoaCRTISO</ce:italic> regulates the biosynthesis of pigments, ABA, and cuticular waxes in Chinese kale. Our results provide new insights into the interplay between plant pigment and cuticular wax metabolic pathways in <ce:italic>Brassica</ce:italic> vegetables.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.08.002
Yujie Hu, Tianyi Zheng, Jie Dong, Wangze Li, Xiaoyu Ma, Jin Li, Yulin Fang, Keqin Chen, Kekun Zhang
Terpenoids are vital secondary metabolites in plants that function as agents for defense and stress resistance. These genes not only play crucial roles in plant growth and development but also function in diverse biological group interactions. Terpenoids released by fruit trees possess defensive properties and constitute a class of aromatic compounds. For some fruits, terpenoids are indispensable indicators for evaluating fruit quality and the economic value. Significant research progress has been made in terpenoids biosynthesis and regulation. In this review, we introduce the main terpenoids of fruit trees, emphasize synthetic enzymes and regulatory factors involved in the mevalonate pathway and the methylerythritol pathway, and analyze TPS gene family identification and diversity in several fruit tree species. Moreover, the regulation of terpenes biosynthesis, including the molecular interaction mechanisms of environmental factors and hormone signaling pathways, are comprehensively described. Our objective is to summarize the molecular regulatory network and research foundation of terpenoids biosynthesis, providing a reference for investigations of metabolic pathways and promoting the development of techniques for the regulation and breeding of terpenoids in fruit trees.
{"title":"Regulation of the main terpenoids biosynthesis and accumulation in fruit trees","authors":"Yujie Hu, Tianyi Zheng, Jie Dong, Wangze Li, Xiaoyu Ma, Jin Li, Yulin Fang, Keqin Chen, Kekun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"Terpenoids are vital secondary metabolites in plants that function as agents for defense and stress resistance. These genes not only play crucial roles in plant growth and development but also function in diverse biological group interactions. Terpenoids released by fruit trees possess defensive properties and constitute a class of aromatic compounds. For some fruits, terpenoids are indispensable indicators for evaluating fruit quality and the economic value. Significant research progress has been made in terpenoids biosynthesis and regulation. In this review, we introduce the main terpenoids of fruit trees, emphasize synthetic enzymes and regulatory factors involved in the mevalonate pathway and the methylerythritol pathway, and analyze <ce:italic>TPS</ce:italic> gene family identification and diversity in several fruit tree species. Moreover, the regulation of terpenes biosynthesis, including the molecular interaction mechanisms of environmental factors and hormone signaling pathways, are comprehensively described. Our objective is to summarize the molecular regulatory network and research foundation of terpenoids biosynthesis, providing a reference for investigations of metabolic pathways and promoting the development of techniques for the regulation and breeding of terpenoids in fruit trees.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Glycosyltransferases (GTs) constitute a diverse family of synthetic polysaccharides with important roles in plant growth and development. This study characterized the GT14 family gene BpGT14;6 of birch (Betula platyphylla Suk.). BpGT14;6 was highly expressed in the xylem and stem of birch plants. Subcellular localization analysis suggested that BpGT14;6 was located in the Golgi apparatus. RNA interference (RNAi) silencing of BpGT14;6 revealed lower lignin, hemicellulose, and pectin contents compared to wild type (WT) plants. Following treatment with abscisic acid (ABA), compared to WT plants, RNAi-BpGT14;6 plants were more sensitive to ABA, suffered more membrane lipid damage, and accumulated more reactive oxygen species. The inhibition of BpGT14;6 expression narrowed the birch xylem and thinned the cell wall, and increased the expression of multiple ABA pathway-related genes in birch under ABA treatment. Compared to WT plants, RNAi-BpGT14;6 plants showed increased tolerance to drought stress. Promoter analysis revealed that BpGT14;6 is involved in hormone regulation and adaptation to adversity. Using the 1156 bp BpGT14;6 promoter as bait, two potential transcription factors, BpWRKY1 and BpARF2, were identified through Y1H screening that may regulate its expression. EMSA confirmed that BpWRKY1 and BpARF2 can directly bind to the W-BOX and AuxRE cis-acting elements on the BpGT14;6 promoter, respectively. The collective results suggest that BpGT14;6 affects birch xylem and cell wall development by affecting lignin, hemicellulose, and pectin synthesis, and participates in birch adversity adaptation.
{"title":"Betula platyphylla glucosyltransferase BpGT14;6 is essential for cell wall development and stress response","authors":"Xiaohui Chen, Ruijia Zhang, Jialin Yan, Xinying Jia, Ronghua Liang, Fengkun Sun, Leilei Li, Minghao Ma, Yaguang Zhan, Fansuo Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.05.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.05.014","url":null,"abstract":"Glycosyltransferases (GTs) constitute a diverse family of synthetic polysaccharides with important roles in plant growth and development. This study characterized the GT14 family gene <ce:italic>BpGT14;6</ce:italic> of birch (<ce:italic>Betula platyphylla</ce:italic> Suk.). <ce:italic>BpGT14;6</ce:italic> was highly expressed in the xylem and stem of birch plants. Subcellular localization analysis suggested that <ce:italic>BpGT14;6</ce:italic> was located in the Golgi apparatus. RNA interference (RNAi) silencing of <ce:italic>BpGT14;6</ce:italic> revealed lower lignin, hemicellulose, and pectin contents compared to wild type (WT) plants. Following treatment with abscisic acid (ABA), compared to WT plants, RNAi-<ce:italic>BpGT14;6</ce:italic> plants were more sensitive to ABA, suffered more membrane lipid damage, and accumulated more reactive oxygen species. The inhibition of <ce:italic>BpGT14;6</ce:italic> expression narrowed the birch xylem and thinned the cell wall, and increased the expression of multiple ABA pathway-related genes in birch under ABA treatment. Compared to WT plants, RNAi-<ce:italic>BpGT14;6</ce:italic> plants showed increased tolerance to drought stress. Promoter analysis revealed that <ce:italic>BpGT14;6</ce:italic> is involved in hormone regulation and adaptation to adversity. Using the 1156 bp <ce:italic>BpGT14;6</ce:italic> promoter as bait, two potential transcription factors, BpWRKY1 and BpARF2, were identified through Y1H screening that may regulate its expression. EMSA confirmed that BpWRKY1 and BpARF2 can directly bind to the W-BOX and AuxRE <ce:italic>cis</ce:italic>-acting elements on the <ce:italic>BpGT14;6</ce:italic> promoter, respectively. The collective results suggest that <ce:italic>BpGT14;6</ce:italic> affects birch xylem and cell wall development by affecting lignin, hemicellulose, and pectin synthesis, and participates in birch adversity adaptation.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polyamines (PAs) and ethylene are involved in the modulation of plant growth and development. However, their roles in fruit-set, especially in exogenous gibberellin (GA3)-induced grape parthenocarpic berries, and the related competitive action mode are poorly understood. For this, we, here performed their content determination, bioinformatics and expression pattern analysis of genes to identify the key ones in the competitive network of polyamines metabolic and ethylene biosynthesis (PMEB) pathways. The content of putrescine (Put) significantly increased; while 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (ACC) sharply decreased during the fruit-set process of GA3-induced grape parthenocarpic seedless berries. Totally, twenty-five genes in PMEB pathways, including 20 polyamines metabolic (PM) genes and 5 ethylene biosynthesis (EB) ones were identified in grape, of which 8 PM and 2 EB genes possessed the motifs responsive to phytohormone GA. The expression levels of most PMEB genes kept changing during grape fruit-set generating a competitive action mode of GA3-mediated two metabolic fluxes toward PAs and ethylene synthesis. Exogenous GA3 might enhance grape fruit-set of parthenocarpic berries via up-regulation of VvSAMS4, VvSAMDC1/2, VvODC1, VvSPDS1, and VvPAO1 to promote PAs accumulation, whereby repressing the ethylene synthesis by down-regulation of VvACS1 and VvACO2. Our findings provide novel insights into GA3-mediated competitive inhibition of ethylene by PAs to promote the fruit-set of parthenocarpic berries in grape, which has important implications for molecular breeding of seedless grape with high fruit-setting rate.
多胺（PA）和乙烯参与植物生长和发育的调控。然而，它们在葡萄坐果过程中的作用，尤其是在外源赤霉素（GA3）诱导的葡萄孤雌生殖浆果中的作用，以及相关的竞争作用模式，却鲜为人知。为此，我们进行了多胺含量测定、生物信息学和基因表达模式分析，以确定多胺代谢和乙烯生物合成（PMEB）途径竞争网络中的关键基因。在 GA3 诱导的葡萄孤雌生殖无籽浆果坐果过程中，腐胺（Put）含量显著增加，而 1-氨基环丙烷羧酸（ACC）含量急剧下降。在葡萄中总共发现了25个PMEB通路基因，包括20个多胺代谢（PM）基因和5个乙烯生物合成（EB）基因，其中8个PM基因和2个EB基因具有对植物激素GA的响应基序。大多数 PMEB 基因的表达水平在葡萄坐果期间不断变化，形成了 GA3 介导的 PAs 和乙烯合成两种代谢通量的竞争作用模式。外源 GA3 可能通过上调 VvSAMS4、VvSAMDC1/2、VvODC1、VvSPDS1 和 VvPAO1 来促进 PAs 的积累，同时通过下调 VvACS1 和 VvACO2 来抑制乙烯的合成，从而提高孤雌生殖浆果的坐果率。我们的研究结果为 GA3 介导的 PAs 竞争性抑制乙烯以促进葡萄孤雌生殖浆果坐果提供了新的见解，这对分子育种高坐果率的无籽葡萄具有重要意义。
{"title":"Competitive network of polyamines metabolic and ethylene biosynthesis pathways during gibberellin-induced parthenocarpic grape fruit setting","authors":"Xuxian Xuan, Ziyang Qu, Ehsan Sadeghnezhad, Zhenqiang Xie, Ziyang Qi, Hui Yang, Xiuling Song, Mucheng Yu, Linjia Luo, Rana Badar Aziz, Yanping Zhang, Peijie Gong, Jinggui Fang, Chen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"Polyamines (PAs) and ethylene are involved in the modulation of plant growth and development. However, their roles in fruit-set, especially in exogenous gibberellin (GA<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>)-induced grape parthenocarpic berries, and the related competitive action mode are poorly understood. For this, we, here performed their content determination, bioinformatics and expression pattern analysis of genes to identify the key ones in the competitive network of polyamines metabolic and ethylene biosynthesis (PMEB) pathways. The content of putrescine (Put) significantly increased; while 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (ACC) sharply decreased during the fruit-set process of GA<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>-induced grape parthenocarpic seedless berries. Totally, twenty-five genes in PMEB pathways, including 20 polyamines metabolic (PM) genes and 5 ethylene biosynthesis (EB) ones were identified in grape, of which 8 PM and 2 EB genes possessed the motifs responsive to phytohormone GA. The expression levels of most PMEB genes kept changing during grape fruit-set generating a competitive action mode of GA<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>-mediated two metabolic fluxes toward PAs and ethylene synthesis. Exogenous GA<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf> might enhance grape fruit-set of parthenocarpic berries via up-regulation of <ce:italic>VvSAMS4</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>VvSAMDC1/2</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>VvODC1</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>VvSPDS1</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>VvPAO1</ce:italic> to promote PAs accumulation<ce:italic>,</ce:italic> whereby repressing the ethylene synthesis by down-regulation of <ce:italic>VvACS1</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>VvACO2.</ce:italic> Our findings provide novel insights into GA<ce:inf loc=\"post\">3</ce:inf>-mediated competitive inhibition of ethylene by PAs to promote the fruit-set of parthenocarpic berries in grape, which has important implications for molecular breeding of seedless grape with high fruit-setting rate.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-02DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.08.001
Sanyan Lai, Ning Yi, Shixin Yin, Yipeng Huang, Tianlin Shen, Qianying Dai, Liping Gao, Xiaolan Jiang, Tao Xia
Tea flavor is a comprehensive representation of its aroma and other characteristics. The formation of volatile odor compounds during tea processing depends on a variety of enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities. (Z)-3-hexenol is considered the primary source of the green odor and is also the most important component in tea aroma, significantly affecting the overall aroma. However, the biosynthesis and accumulation of (Z)-3-hexenol during tea processing have not been fully analyzed. In this study, we found that withering treatment at different times and withering plus shaking treatment at different degrees promoted the accumulation of important volatile components of green tea odor, especially (Z)-3-hexenol by GC–MS. The RNA-seq and qRT-PCR results showed that withering and withering plus shaking treatments enhanced the expression of (Z)-3-hexenol-related genes in tea leaves, including synthetic pathway 1 genes (CsLOX3, CsHPL1, CsADH4, and CsAHD1), synthetic pathway 2 genes (CsGLU), and synthetic pathway 3 genes (CsCXEs). Correlation analysis of the key odorants and important genes in the three synthetic pathways revealed that some CsCXEs were positively correlated with green odor compounds. The in vitro enzyme activity results showed that rCsCXE3 (GWHTASIV011658), and rCsCXE6 (GWHTASIV031480) exhibited hydrolytic activity against three tea acetate compounds [hexyl acetate, (E)-2-hexyl acetate, and (Z)-3-hexyl acetate], resulting in the production of corresponding alcohol compounds. In summary, withering and shaking treatment during tea processing promoted the expression of CsCXE3 and CsCXE6, thereby enhancing the production of hexenol compounds. These compounds play a crucial role in increasing the green odor of tea.
{"title":"Biochemical characterization of CsCXEs: Carboxylesterase enhances the biosynthesis of green odor volatiles during tea processing","authors":"Sanyan Lai, Ning Yi, Shixin Yin, Yipeng Huang, Tianlin Shen, Qianying Dai, Liping Gao, Xiaolan Jiang, Tao Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"Tea flavor is a comprehensive representation of its aroma and other characteristics. The formation of volatile odor compounds during tea processing depends on a variety of enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities. (<ce:italic>Z</ce:italic>)-3-hexenol is considered the primary source of the green odor and is also the most important component in tea aroma, significantly affecting the overall aroma. However, the biosynthesis and accumulation of (<ce:italic>Z</ce:italic>)-3-hexenol during tea processing have not been fully analyzed. In this study, we found that withering treatment at different times and withering plus shaking treatment at different degrees promoted the accumulation of important volatile components of green tea odor, especially (<ce:italic>Z</ce:italic>)-3-hexenol by GC–MS. The RNA-seq and qRT-PCR results showed that withering and withering plus shaking treatments enhanced the expression of (<ce:italic>Z</ce:italic>)-3-hexenol-related genes in tea leaves, including synthetic pathway 1 genes (<ce:italic>CsLOX3</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>CsHPL1</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>CsADH4</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>CsAHD1</ce:italic>), synthetic pathway 2 genes (<ce:italic>CsGLU</ce:italic>), and synthetic pathway 3 genes (<ce:italic>CsCXEs</ce:italic>). Correlation analysis of the key odorants and important genes in the three synthetic pathways revealed that some <ce:italic>CsCXEs</ce:italic> were positively correlated with green odor compounds. The <ce:italic>in vitro</ce:italic> enzyme activity results showed that rCsCXE3 (GWHTASIV011658), and rCsCXE6 (GWHTASIV031480) exhibited hydrolytic activity against three tea acetate compounds [hexyl acetate, (<ce:italic>E</ce:italic>)-2-hexyl acetate, and (<ce:italic>Z</ce:italic>)-3-hexyl acetate], resulting in the production of corresponding alcohol compounds. In summary, withering and shaking treatment during tea processing promoted the expression of <ce:italic>CsCXE3</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>CsCXE6</ce:italic>, thereby enhancing the production of hexenol compounds. These compounds play a crucial role in increasing the green odor of tea.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"249 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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