Pub Date : 2024-09-11DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.04.004
Yage Li, Liuzi Zhang, Zhouyu Yuan, Jianting Zhang, Yan Zhong, Liangju Wang
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), is a novel plant growth regulator that can enhance plant tolerance against salt stress. However, the molecular mechanism of ALA is not well studied. In this study, ALA improved salt tolerance of apple (Malus × domestica 'Gala') when the detached leaves or cultured calli were used as the materials. The expression of MdWRKY71, a WRKY transcription factor (TF) gene was found to be responsive to NaCl as well as ALA treatment. Functional analysis showed that overexpressing (OE)-MdWRKY71 significantly improved the salt tolerance of the transgenic apple, while RNA interfering (RNAi)-MdWRKY71 reduced the salt tolerance. However, exogenous ALA alleviated the salt damage in the RNAi-MdWRKY71 apple. When MdWRKY71 was transferred into tobacco, the salt tolerance of transgenic plants was enhanced, which was further improved by exogenous ALA. Subsequently, MdWRKY71 bound to the W-box of promoters of MdSOS2, MdNHX1, MdCLC-g, MdSOD1, MdCAT1 and MdAPX1, transcriptionally activating the gene expressions. Since the genes are responsible for Na+ and Cl− transport and antioxidant enzyme activity respectively, it can be concluded that MdWRKY71, a new TF, is involved in ALA-improved salt tolerance by regulating ion homeostasis and redox homeostasis. These results provided new insights into the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of ALA in enhancing apple salt tolerance.
5-氨基乙酰丙酸（ALA）是一种新型植物生长调节剂，可增强植物对盐胁迫的耐受性。然而，对 ALA 的分子机理还没有深入研究。本研究以苹果（Malus × domestica 'Gala'）的离体叶片或培养的胼胝体为材料，发现 ALA 能提高苹果（Malus × domestica 'Gala'）的耐盐性。研究发现，WRKY 转录因子（TF）基因 MdWRKY71 的表达对 NaCl 和 ALA 处理均有反应。功能分析显示，过表达 (OE)-MdWRKY71 能显著提高转基因苹果的耐盐性，而 RNA 干扰 (RNAi)-MdWRKY71 则会降低耐盐性。然而，外源 ALA 可减轻 RNAi-MdWRKY71 苹果的盐害。将 MdWRKY71 转入烟草后，转基因植株的耐盐性增强，外源 ALA 进一步提高了耐盐性。随后，MdWRKY71 与 MdSOS2、MdNHX1、MdCLC-g、MdSOD1、MdCAT1 和 MdAPX1 启动子的 W-box 结合，转录激活了这些基因的表达。由于这些基因分别负责Na+和Cl-的转运以及抗氧化酶的活性，因此可以得出结论：MdWRKY71作为一种新的TF，通过调节离子平衡和氧化还原平衡参与了ALA提高耐盐性的过程。这些结果为研究 ALA 提高苹果耐盐性的转录调控机制提供了新的视角。
{"title":"MdWRKY71 as a positive regulator involved in 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced salt tolerance in apple","authors":"Yage Li, Liuzi Zhang, Zhouyu Yuan, Jianting Zhang, Yan Zhong, Liangju Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), is a novel plant growth regulator that can enhance plant tolerance against salt stress. However, the molecular mechanism of ALA is not well studied. In this study, ALA improved salt tolerance of apple (<ce:italic>Malus</ce:italic> × <ce:italic>domestica</ce:italic> 'Gala') when the detached leaves or cultured calli were used as the materials. The expression of <ce:italic>MdWRKY71</ce:italic>, a WRKY transcription factor (TF) gene was found to be responsive to NaCl as well as ALA treatment. Functional analysis showed that overexpressing (OE)-<ce:italic>MdWRKY71</ce:italic> significantly improved the salt tolerance of the transgenic apple, while RNA interfering (RNAi)-<ce:italic>MdWRKY71</ce:italic> reduced the salt tolerance. However, exogenous ALA alleviated the salt damage in the RNAi<ce:italic>-MdWRKY71</ce:italic> apple. When <ce:italic>MdWRKY71</ce:italic> was transferred into tobacco, the salt tolerance of transgenic plants was enhanced, which was further improved by exogenous ALA. Subsequently, MdWRKY71 bound to the W-box of promoters of <ce:italic>MdSOS2, MdNHX1, MdCLC-g, MdSOD1, MdCAT1</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>MdAPX1</ce:italic>, transcriptionally activating the gene expressions. Since the genes are responsible for Na<ce:sup loc=\"post\">+</ce:sup> and Cl<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−</ce:sup> transport and antioxidant enzyme activity respectively, it can be concluded that MdWRKY71, a new TF, is involved in ALA-improved salt tolerance by regulating ion homeostasis and redox homeostasis. These results provided new insights into the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of ALA in enhancing apple salt tolerance.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.01.011
Wanqi Shen, Chunfa Zeng, Jingxian Sun, Jian Meng, Ping Yuan, Fanwen Bu, Kaijie Zhu, Junwei Liu, Guohuai Li
Autotoxicity stress is the principal factor in peach replant problem. Benzoic acid (BA) is known as a critical autotoxin in replant problem, and causes an obvious inhibitory effect on peach growth. Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) have been reported to play pivotal roles in a variety of physiological and biological processes in various plants. Nevertheless, little is known about the functions and the underlying physiological mechanisms of under autotoxicity stress. Here, we identified of peach () and deciphered its role in BA stress response. was significantly induced by BA treatment. Overexpression of elevated BA tolerance in and peach plants, whereas down-regulation of in peach through virus-induced gene silencing enhanced BA sensitivity. Compared to the control, the overexpressing plants exhibited lower contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, regulated the transcripts of stress-responsive genes including , , , , , and in overexpressing and silenced peach plants. Taken together, these data suggest that plays a positive role in peach response to BA stress by, at least partly, regulating ROS metabolism and stress-responsive gene expression. Our findings will be of great importance for further understanding the roles of genes in autotoxicity stress, and assist crop breeding in mitigating replant problem.
自毒胁迫是造成桃子移栽问题的主要因素。众所周知，苯甲酸（BA）是造成移栽问题的重要自毒毒素，对桃的生长有明显的抑制作用。据报道，小热休克蛋白（sHSPs）在各种植物的各种生理和生物过程中发挥着关键作用。然而，人们对其在自毒胁迫下的功能及其生理机制知之甚少。在此，我们鉴定了桃子（）中的 "雌激素"，并破译了它在 BA 胁迫响应中的作用，发现 "雌激素 "在 BA 处理中被显著诱导。通过病毒诱导的基因沉默技术，过表达""提高了桃植株和桃植株对BA的耐受性，而下调""则增强了桃植株对BA的敏感性。与对照相比，过表达植株的活性氧（ROS）含量较低，抗氧化酶活性较高。此外，在过表达和沉默的桃植株中，胁迫响应基因（包括、、、、和）的转录本受到调控。综上所述，这些数据表明，ROS 在桃树对 BA 胁迫的响应中至少部分地起到了调节 ROS 代谢和胁迫响应基因表达的积极作用。我们的研究结果对于进一步了解自毒胁迫中基因的作用以及帮助作物育种减轻移栽问题具有重要意义。
{"title":"PpHSP20-26, a small heat shock protein, confers enhanced autotoxicity stress tolerance in peach","authors":"Wanqi Shen, Chunfa Zeng, Jingxian Sun, Jian Meng, Ping Yuan, Fanwen Bu, Kaijie Zhu, Junwei Liu, Guohuai Li","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.01.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"Autotoxicity stress is the principal factor in peach replant problem. Benzoic acid (BA) is known as a critical autotoxin in replant problem, and causes an obvious inhibitory effect on peach growth. Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) have been reported to play pivotal roles in a variety of physiological and biological processes in various plants. Nevertheless, little is known about the functions and the underlying physiological mechanisms of under autotoxicity stress. Here, we identified of peach () and deciphered its role in BA stress response. was significantly induced by BA treatment. Overexpression of elevated BA tolerance in and peach plants, whereas down-regulation of in peach through virus-induced gene silencing enhanced BA sensitivity. Compared to the control, the overexpressing plants exhibited lower contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, regulated the transcripts of stress-responsive genes including , , , , , and in overexpressing and silenced peach plants. Taken together, these data suggest that plays a positive role in peach response to BA stress by, at least partly, regulating ROS metabolism and stress-responsive gene expression. Our findings will be of great importance for further understanding the roles of genes in autotoxicity stress, and assist crop breeding in mitigating replant problem.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142171545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drought stress is a serious natural challenge for tea plants that significantly affects tea yield and quality. miR171s play critical roles in plant stress responses, however, their role in drought stress tolerance in tea plants () is poorly understood. This study experimentally verified the expression patterns of csn-miR171b-3p_2 and its target, (). We found that csn-miR171b-3p_2 could target and regulate to play an important role in the defense against drought stress in tea plants. CsSCL6-4 is located in the nucleus and is self-activated in . In addition, we obtained 819 putative binding regions of CsSCL6-4 using DNA affinity purification sequencing analysis, which were assigned to 786 different genes, four of which were drought-resistant genes (, , , and ). Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assays revealed that CsSCL6-4 directly promoted the expression of these four drought resistance genes by binding motifs 1/2/3 in their promoter regions. Both overexpression and suppression of proved that participated in the defense against drought stress in tea plants by regulating the expression of , , , and . In addition, suppression of csn-miR171b-3p_2 expression significantly increased the expression of and activated -bound gene transcription under drought stress. Therefore, the csn-miR171b-3p_2-CsSCL6-4 module participates in tea plant resistance to drought stress by promoting the expression of drought resistance genes. Our results revealed the function of csn-miR171b-3p_2 in tea plants and provided new insights into the mechanism of tea plant resistance to drought stress.
{"title":"csn-miR171b-3p_2 targets CsSCL6-4 to participate in the defense against drought stress in tea plant","authors":"Caiyun Tian, Chengzhe Zhou, Shengjing Wen, Niannian Yang, Jiayao Tan, Cheng Zhang, Lele Jiang, Anru Zheng, Xiaowen Hu, Zhongxiong Lai, Chen Zhu, Yuqiong Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"Drought stress is a serious natural challenge for tea plants that significantly affects tea yield and quality. miR171s play critical roles in plant stress responses, however, their role in drought stress tolerance in tea plants () is poorly understood. This study experimentally verified the expression patterns of csn-miR171b-3p_2 and its target, (). We found that csn-miR171b-3p_2 could target and regulate to play an important role in the defense against drought stress in tea plants. CsSCL6-4 is located in the nucleus and is self-activated in . In addition, we obtained 819 putative binding regions of CsSCL6-4 using DNA affinity purification sequencing analysis, which were assigned to 786 different genes, four of which were drought-resistant genes (, , , and ). Yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase reporter assays revealed that CsSCL6-4 directly promoted the expression of these four drought resistance genes by binding motifs 1/2/3 in their promoter regions. Both overexpression and suppression of proved that participated in the defense against drought stress in tea plants by regulating the expression of , , , and . In addition, suppression of csn-miR171b-3p_2 expression significantly increased the expression of and activated -bound gene transcription under drought stress. Therefore, the csn-miR171b-3p_2-CsSCL6-4 module participates in tea plant resistance to drought stress by promoting the expression of drought resistance genes. Our results revealed the function of csn-miR171b-3p_2 in tea plants and provided new insights into the mechanism of tea plant resistance to drought stress.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142171546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.04.003
Wenlu Wei, Yanming Gao, Huiru Wang, Yune Cao, Jianshe Li
Brackish water (BW) irrigation may cause soil quality deterioration and thereby a decrease in crop yields. Here we examined the impacts of applying gasification filter cake (GFC), intercropping with (PO), and their combination on soil quality, nutrient uptake by plants and tomato yields under BW irrigation. The treatments evaluated included (i) freshwater irrigation (Control), (ii) BW irrigation, (iii) GFC application under BW irrigation (BW + GFC), (iv) intercropping with PO under BW irrigation (BW + PO), and (v) the combined application of GFC and PO under BW irrigation (BW + PO + GFC). Overall, the use of BW for irrigation resulted in a decline in both soil quality (assessed by a soil quality index (SQI) integrating a wide range of key soil properties including salinity, nutrient availability and microbial activities) and crop yields. Nevertheless, when subjected to BW irrigation, the application of GFC successfully prevented soil salinity. Additionally, the intercropping of PO decreased the soil sodium adsorption ratio and improved the absorption of nutrients by plants. As a result, the BW + GFC + PO treatment generally showed higher tomato yield as compared to other BW-related treatments (i.e. BW, BW + GFC and BW + PO). Compared to BW, the BW + GFC + PO treatment had an average increase of 24.7% in the total fruit yield of four Cropping Seasons. Furthermore, the BW + GFC + PO treatment consistently exhibited the highest fruit quality index (FQI). Taken together, the combined application of GFC and PO is effective in promoting soil quality and crop yields under BW irrigation.
咸水（BW）灌溉可能会导致土壤质量恶化，从而降低作物产量。在此，我们研究了在咸水灌溉条件下施用气化滤饼（GFC）、间作套种（PO）及其组合对土壤质量、植物养分吸收和番茄产量的影响。评估的处理包括：(i) 淡水灌溉（对照组）；(ii) 生物量灌溉；(iii) 生物量灌溉下施用 GFC（生物量 + GFC）；(iv) 生物量灌溉下与 PO 间作（生物量 + PO）；(v) 生物量灌溉下 GFC 和 PO 的联合施用（生物量 + PO + GFC）。总体而言，使用 BW 灌溉会导致土壤质量（通过土壤质量指数（SQI）进行评估，该指数综合了盐分、养分供应和微生物活动等一系列关键土壤特性）和作物产量下降。然而，在进行 BW 灌溉时，施用 GFC 成功地防止了土壤盐渍化。此外，间作 PO 还降低了土壤钠吸附率，提高了植物对养分的吸收。因此，与其他 BW 相关处理（即 BW、BW + GFC 和 BW + PO）相比，BW + GFC + PO 处理的番茄产量普遍较高。与 BW 相比，BW + GFC + PO 处理在四个种植季的总产量平均提高了 24.7%。此外，BW + GFC + PO 处理的果实质量指数（FQI）始终最高。综上所述，在 BW 灌溉条件下，联合施用 GFC 和 PO 能有效提高土壤质量和作物产量。
{"title":"Combined application of gasification filter cake and Portulaca oleracea to promote soil quality and tomato yields under irrigation with brackish water","authors":"Wenlu Wei, Yanming Gao, Huiru Wang, Yune Cao, Jianshe Li","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"Brackish water (BW) irrigation may cause soil quality deterioration and thereby a decrease in crop yields. Here we examined the impacts of applying gasification filter cake (GFC), intercropping with (PO), and their combination on soil quality, nutrient uptake by plants and tomato yields under BW irrigation. The treatments evaluated included (i) freshwater irrigation (Control), (ii) BW irrigation, (iii) GFC application under BW irrigation (BW + GFC), (iv) intercropping with PO under BW irrigation (BW + PO), and (v) the combined application of GFC and PO under BW irrigation (BW + PO + GFC). Overall, the use of BW for irrigation resulted in a decline in both soil quality (assessed by a soil quality index (SQI) integrating a wide range of key soil properties including salinity, nutrient availability and microbial activities) and crop yields. Nevertheless, when subjected to BW irrigation, the application of GFC successfully prevented soil salinity. Additionally, the intercropping of PO decreased the soil sodium adsorption ratio and improved the absorption of nutrients by plants. As a result, the BW + GFC + PO treatment generally showed higher tomato yield as compared to other BW-related treatments (i.e. BW, BW + GFC and BW + PO). Compared to BW, the BW + GFC + PO treatment had an average increase of 24.7% in the total fruit yield of four Cropping Seasons. Furthermore, the BW + GFC + PO treatment consistently exhibited the highest fruit quality index (FQI). Taken together, the combined application of GFC and PO is effective in promoting soil quality and crop yields under BW irrigation.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142171547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-31DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.05.006
Longbo Liu, Jiayi Zhou, Jianting Zhang, Yan Zhong, Liangju Wang
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a novel plant growth regulator that has shown outstanding capability to promote stomatal opening. Starch degradation, catalyzed by β-amylase (EC3.2.1.2, BAM), plays an important role in stomatal opening. However, whether the starch breakdown is involved in ALA-regulating stomatal movement is unclear. In the current study, we found that exogenous ALA effectively stimulated the starch breakdown in guard cells, increased β-amylase activity and promoted stomatal opening in leaves of apple ( × ). Based on genome-wide identification, we identified a total of 119 members of gene family in ten commonly Rosaceae crops. Analyses of gene structure, motif identification, and gene pair collinearity revealed relative conservation among members within the same group or subgroup. Among these genes, and other 12 genes were identified as the orthologous genes of , which is responsible for starch degradation to modulate the stomatal movement in . RT-qPCR analysis revealed a positive correlation between the expressions of and stomatal aperture, as well as β-amylase activity, whereas a negative correlation was observed with the starch content. Subcellular localization analysis confirmed that MdBAM17 is a chloroplast protein, consistent with the AtBAM1. was mainly expressed in guard cells and responsive to exogenous ALA. Overexpressing increased β-amylase activity and promoted starch breakdown, leading to stomatal opening, which was further strengthened by ALA. RNA-interfering decreased β-amylase activity, resulting in starch accumulation, and impairing the stomatal opening by ALA. However, modulation of expression did not affect the levels of flavonols and HO in guard cells, suggesting that -promoted starch degradation may function at downstream of ROS signaling in the ALA-regulated stomatal opening. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of ALA-regulated stomatal movement.
5-Aminolevulinic acid（ALA）是一种新型植物生长调节剂，在促进气孔开放方面表现出卓越的能力。β-淀粉酶（EC3.2.1.2，BAM）催化的淀粉降解在气孔开放过程中起着重要作用。然而，淀粉分解是否参与了 ALA 调节气孔运动还不清楚。在本研究中，我们发现外源ALA能有效刺激苹果叶片（×）中保卫细胞的淀粉分解，提高β-淀粉酶活性，促进气孔开放。通过全基因组鉴定，我们在十种常见的蔷薇科作物中发现了共 119 个基因家族成员。对基因结构、主题识别和基因对共线性的分析表明，同组或亚组内的成员之间具有相对的保守性。在这些基因中，和另外 12 个基因被确定为Ⅳ的同源基因，Ⅳ负责淀粉降解以调节Ⅴ的气孔运动。RT-qPCR 分析表明，Ⅳ和Ⅴ的表达与气孔开度和β-淀粉酶活性呈正相关，而与淀粉含量呈负相关。亚细胞定位分析证实，MdBAM17 是叶绿体蛋白，与 AtBAM1 蛋白一致。过表达增加了β-淀粉酶活性，促进了淀粉分解，导致气孔开放，ALA进一步加强了气孔开放。RNA干扰会降低β-淀粉酶的活性，导致淀粉积累，影响ALA对气孔开放的作用。然而，对表达的调控并不影响黄酮醇和HO在保卫细胞中的水平，这表明-促进淀粉降解可能是ROS信号在ALA调控气孔开放中的下游功能。我们的研究结果为了解 ALA 调节气孔运动的机制提供了新的视角。
{"title":"MdBAM17, a novel member of the β-amylase gene family, positively regulates starch degradation in ALA-induced stomatal opening in apple (Malus × domestica)","authors":"Longbo Liu, Jiayi Zhou, Jianting Zhang, Yan Zhong, Liangju Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.05.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a novel plant growth regulator that has shown outstanding capability to promote stomatal opening. Starch degradation, catalyzed by β-amylase (EC3.2.1.2, BAM), plays an important role in stomatal opening. However, whether the starch breakdown is involved in ALA-regulating stomatal movement is unclear. In the current study, we found that exogenous ALA effectively stimulated the starch breakdown in guard cells, increased β-amylase activity and promoted stomatal opening in leaves of apple ( × ). Based on genome-wide identification, we identified a total of 119 members of gene family in ten commonly Rosaceae crops. Analyses of gene structure, motif identification, and gene pair collinearity revealed relative conservation among members within the same group or subgroup. Among these genes, and other 12 genes were identified as the orthologous genes of , which is responsible for starch degradation to modulate the stomatal movement in . RT-qPCR analysis revealed a positive correlation between the expressions of and stomatal aperture, as well as β-amylase activity, whereas a negative correlation was observed with the starch content. Subcellular localization analysis confirmed that MdBAM17 is a chloroplast protein, consistent with the AtBAM1. was mainly expressed in guard cells and responsive to exogenous ALA. Overexpressing increased β-amylase activity and promoted starch breakdown, leading to stomatal opening, which was further strengthened by ALA. RNA-interfering decreased β-amylase activity, resulting in starch accumulation, and impairing the stomatal opening by ALA. However, modulation of expression did not affect the levels of flavonols and HO in guard cells, suggesting that -promoted starch degradation may function at downstream of ROS signaling in the ALA-regulated stomatal opening. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of ALA-regulated stomatal movement.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142138517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Southern China has high temperatures and receives concentrated rainfall; therefore, the two-crop-a-year cultivation system has been applied to grape production so as to resolve the problem of relative seasonal surplus of grape yield. However, a common issue associated with this technique is the tendency of the second season fruits to be smaller than the first season fruits. We here used the first and second season fruits of ‘Summer Black’ at different ripening stages as research materials. Phenotypic and histological analyses revealed fewer cell number occurring between 7 and 14 days post anthesis (DPA) in the second season fruits, which ultimately resulted in a smaller fruit size compared with the first season fruits. To unravel the mechanism underlying this phenomenon, first and second season fruits of four time periods (7, 14, 21, and 28 DPA) were selected for RNA-seq analysis. This analysis identified 10 431 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). These DEGs were classified into 9 clusters through GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. Then the time-ordered gene co-expression network (TO-GCN) analysis with the breadth-first search algorithm showed that DEGs in the GCN were divided into 8 levels. The DEGs of early berry development (L1–L3) were enriched in heat stress- and cell division-related pathways. The field investigation of effective accumulated temperature confirmed that the growth and development of the second season fruits were subjected to high temperature stress during 7–14 DPA. Moreover, based on the results of interactive analysis of TO-GCN and transcriptional regulation prediction of L1–L3 genes, we constructed a unique hierarchical regulatory network for the heat stress regulation of berry size. The expression level of 5 candidate genes was verified through qRT-PCR. (), (), (), (), and () were upregulated in 7–14 DPA, whereas () was downregulated in 7 DPA. These results suggest that during intense cell division, heat stress might act as a major factor causing a reduction in cell number, thereby ultimately resulting in the smaller size of the second season fruits.
{"title":"Transcriptome analysis provides new insights into the berry size in ‘Summer Black’ grapes under a two-crop-a-year cultivation system","authors":"Peiyi Ni, Shengdi Yang, Yunzhang Yuan, Chunyang Zhang, Hengliang Zhu, Jing Ma, Shuangjiang Li, Guoshun Yang, Miao Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.02.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"Southern China has high temperatures and receives concentrated rainfall; therefore, the two-crop-a-year cultivation system has been applied to grape production so as to resolve the problem of relative seasonal surplus of grape yield. However, a common issue associated with this technique is the tendency of the second season fruits to be smaller than the first season fruits. We here used the first and second season fruits of ‘Summer Black’ at different ripening stages as research materials. Phenotypic and histological analyses revealed fewer cell number occurring between 7 and 14 days post anthesis (DPA) in the second season fruits, which ultimately resulted in a smaller fruit size compared with the first season fruits. To unravel the mechanism underlying this phenomenon, first and second season fruits of four time periods (7, 14, 21, and 28 DPA) were selected for RNA-seq analysis. This analysis identified 10 431 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). These DEGs were classified into 9 clusters through GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. Then the time-ordered gene co-expression network (TO-GCN) analysis with the breadth-first search algorithm showed that DEGs in the GCN were divided into 8 levels. The DEGs of early berry development (L1–L3) were enriched in heat stress- and cell division-related pathways. The field investigation of effective accumulated temperature confirmed that the growth and development of the second season fruits were subjected to high temperature stress during 7–14 DPA. Moreover, based on the results of interactive analysis of TO-GCN and transcriptional regulation prediction of L1–L3 genes, we constructed a unique hierarchical regulatory network for the heat stress regulation of berry size. The expression level of 5 candidate genes was verified through qRT-PCR. (), (), (), (), and () were upregulated in 7–14 DPA, whereas () was downregulated in 7 DPA. These results suggest that during intense cell division, heat stress might act as a major factor causing a reduction in cell number, thereby ultimately resulting in the smaller size of the second season fruits.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142138518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2023.12.014
Ran Wang, Peter M. Bourke, Sikai Li, Miaomiao Lin, Leiming Sun, Hong Gu, Yukuo Li, Richard G.F. Visser, Xiujuan Qi, Chris Maliepaard, Jinbao Fang
Fruit quality traits play an important role in consumption of kiwiberry (). The genetic basis of fruit quality traits in this woody, perennial and dioecious fruit crop remains largely unknown. This study aimed to identify the underlying genetic basis of fruit quality traits in , using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genetic linkage map previously developed in a tetraploid F population of ‘Ruby-3’ × ‘KuiLv-M’. The F population was phenotyped over three years (2020–2022) for fruit quality traits, including skin color, flesh color, fruit weight, fruit diameter, total soluble solids, fruit longitudinal diameter and fruit shape index. A total of nine QTLs were detected for five traits, explaining 10%–32% of the trait variation. For fruit color, the support interval of a major QTL on LG9 contained an MYB transcription factor MYB110, which was previously demonstrated to control color regulation in kiwifruit, thus suggesting that the is the candidate gene for fruit color in kiwiberry. The linked marker for fruit color was validated in an F population and 25 kiwiberry cultivars. In conclusion, the knowledge obtained through the QTL mapping is applicable to improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness in kiwiberry breeding.
果实品质特征对猕猴桃的消费起着重要作用。这种多年生雌雄异株木本水果作物果实品质性状的遗传基础在很大程度上仍然未知。本研究旨在利用之前在'Ruby-3'×'KuiLv-M'的四倍体 F 群体中绘制的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）遗传连锁图，确定猕猴桃果实品质性状的遗传基础。对 F 群体进行了为期三年（2020-2022 年）的果实品质性状表型分析，包括果皮颜色、果肉颜色、果重、果实直径、总可溶性固形物、果实纵径和果形指数。五个性状共检测到 9 个 QTL，解释了 10%-32%的性状变异。在果实着色方面，LG9上一个主要QTL的支持区间包含一个MYB转录因子MYB110，该转录因子之前已被证实控制着猕猴桃的着色调节，因此该转录因子是猕猴桃果实着色的候选基因。在一个 F 群体和 25 个猕猴桃栽培品种中对果实颜色的连锁标记进行了验证。总之，通过 QTL 图谱获得的知识可用于提高猕猴桃育种的效率和成本效益。
{"title":"QTL mapping of fruit quality traits in tetraploid kiwiberry (Actinidia arguta)","authors":"Ran Wang, Peter M. Bourke, Sikai Li, Miaomiao Lin, Leiming Sun, Hong Gu, Yukuo Li, Richard G.F. Visser, Xiujuan Qi, Chris Maliepaard, Jinbao Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2023.12.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2023.12.014","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit quality traits play an important role in consumption of kiwiberry (). The genetic basis of fruit quality traits in this woody, perennial and dioecious fruit crop remains largely unknown. This study aimed to identify the underlying genetic basis of fruit quality traits in , using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genetic linkage map previously developed in a tetraploid F population of ‘Ruby-3’ × ‘KuiLv-M’. The F population was phenotyped over three years (2020–2022) for fruit quality traits, including skin color, flesh color, fruit weight, fruit diameter, total soluble solids, fruit longitudinal diameter and fruit shape index. A total of nine QTLs were detected for five traits, explaining 10%–32% of the trait variation. For fruit color, the support interval of a major QTL on LG9 contained an MYB transcription factor MYB110, which was previously demonstrated to control color regulation in kiwifruit, thus suggesting that the is the candidate gene for fruit color in kiwiberry. The linked marker for fruit color was validated in an F population and 25 kiwiberry cultivars. In conclusion, the knowledge obtained through the QTL mapping is applicable to improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness in kiwiberry breeding.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142138519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1016/j.hpj.2024.03.010
Xiumei Li, Qinjian Liu, Hongbo Li, Yuanyuan Chen, Zhongjian Chen, Shengen He, Jun Liu, Shijuan Yan
The water content of cut flowers is a significant factor in their post-harvest quality. In this study, we examine the efficacy of silver nanoparticles (NS) on the longevity of cut gladiolus, with a focus on water state and distribution. We used Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) technology to identify three water fractions with different transverse relaxation times (T2) values: bound water T21 (<10 ms), intermediate immobilized water T22 (10–100 ms), and the slowest component free water T23 (>10 ms). During the opening process, T23 increased at stages 2 and 3 and then decreased, T22 decreased slowly, and T21 remained unchanged. Free water values were consistently higher than bound water and immobilized water and reached their maximum from stage 2 until stage 4, when the petals were extended and began to wilt. The vascular bundles responsible for transporting water had higher water content, as detected by proton density-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Bound water and free water with NS pretreatments in bracts were initially lower but then two days later the signal amplitude of each water state exceeded those of the control, indicating that the treatment enhanced the water-holding capacity over time. Furthermore, NS pretreatments reduced the free water mobility of the cut flowers and inhibited stem decay. Additionally, we found that NS can enter the stem and are primarily transported upward along the xylem with water using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) technology. Overall, our findings indicate that NS pretreatment reduces free water in gladiolus cut flowers, enhancing their water retention and prolonging their vase life.
{"title":"Pretreatment with nano-silver extends the post-harvest longevity of gladiolus cut flowers by reducing free water mobility","authors":"Xiumei Li, Qinjian Liu, Hongbo Li, Yuanyuan Chen, Zhongjian Chen, Shengen He, Jun Liu, Shijuan Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.03.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"The water content of cut flowers is a significant factor in their post-harvest quality. In this study, we examine the efficacy of silver nanoparticles (NS) on the longevity of cut gladiolus, with a focus on water state and distribution. We used Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) technology to identify three water fractions with different transverse relaxation times (T2) values: bound water T21 (<10 ms), intermediate immobilized water T22 (10–100 ms), and the slowest component free water T23 (>10 ms). During the opening process, T23 increased at stages 2 and 3 and then decreased, T22 decreased slowly, and T21 remained unchanged. Free water values were consistently higher than bound water and immobilized water and reached their maximum from stage 2 until stage 4, when the petals were extended and began to wilt. The vascular bundles responsible for transporting water had higher water content, as detected by proton density-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Bound water and free water with NS pretreatments in bracts were initially lower but then two days later the signal amplitude of each water state exceeded those of the control, indicating that the treatment enhanced the water-holding capacity over time. Furthermore, NS pretreatments reduced the free water mobility of the cut flowers and inhibited stem decay. Additionally, we found that NS can enter the stem and are primarily transported upward along the xylem with water using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) technology. Overall, our findings indicate that NS pretreatment reduces free water in gladiolus cut flowers, enhancing their water retention and prolonging their vase life.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142138520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The primary function of cuticular wax is to prevent non-stomatal water loss, while the wax deficiency conferring a glossy appearance on plants is conductive to crop commodity qualities. We previously mapped a wax-deficient gene BrWax1 in a natural mutant ‘08A235-2’ by SSR marker, and predicted Bra013809 (BrWax1) as the candidate gene in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). In order to verifying the function of BrWax1, two allelic wax-crystal deficiency mutants wdm4 and wdm8 from an EMS mutagenesis population of Chinese cabbage were screened. wdm4 was applied to identify the mutant gene, with the finding that BraA01g015290.3C, the homologous of AT4G24510 (AtCER2), was the candidate gene. Bra013809 in Brara_Chiifu_V1.5 and BraA01g015290.3C in Brara_Chiifu_V3.0 were annotated as the same gene in Brassicaceae Database. A SNP (C to T) on BrWax1 in wdm4 resulted in a stopgain, and a SNP (G to A) on BrWax1 in wdm8 led to the deletion of 38 bases which caused a stopgain at the 190th amino acid. These results finally verified the function of BrWax1 in the wax biosynthesis. Our findings emphasize the crucial role of the BrWax1 gene in cuticular wax biosynthesis in Chinese cabbage and suggest its potential as a valuable genetic resource for breeding for glossy appearance.
{"title":"BrWax1 function in wax biosynthesis was verified by allelic mutations in Chinese cabbage","authors":"Gengxing Song, Xiaoli Tang, Chuanhong Liu, Jiaqi Zou, Shiyao Dong, Jie Ren, Hui Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2024.03.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2024.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"The primary function of cuticular wax is to prevent non-stomatal water loss, while the wax deficiency conferring a glossy appearance on plants is conductive to crop commodity qualities. We previously mapped a wax-deficient gene BrWax1 in a natural mutant ‘08A235-2’ by SSR marker, and predicted Bra013809 (BrWax1) as the candidate gene in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). In order to verifying the function of BrWax1, two allelic wax-crystal deficiency mutants wdm4 and wdm8 from an EMS mutagenesis population of Chinese cabbage were screened. wdm4 was applied to identify the mutant gene, with the finding that BraA01g015290.3C, the homologous of AT4G24510 (AtCER2), was the candidate gene. Bra013809 in Brara_Chiifu_V1.5 and BraA01g015290.3C in Brara_Chiifu_V3.0 were annotated as the same gene in Brassicaceae Database. A SNP (C to T) on BrWax1 in wdm4 resulted in a stopgain, and a SNP (G to A) on BrWax1 in wdm8 led to the deletion of 38 bases which caused a stopgain at the 190th amino acid. These results finally verified the function of BrWax1 in the wax biosynthesis. Our findings emphasize the crucial role of the BrWax1 gene in cuticular wax biosynthesis in Chinese cabbage and suggest its potential as a valuable genetic resource for breeding for glossy appearance.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142138521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
cv. Merrillii is a well-known nut in South China with high nutritional value. Severe premature seed abscission limits the industrial development of by causing serious economic losses. However, the physiological mechanisms of seed abscission in remain poorly understood. To gain insight into the relationships between carbohydrate status and seed abscission, three-year-old seed-bearing branches were taken as representative materials for the entire tree. Furthermore, the time course of changes in the photosynthetic rate and the non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) dynamics were monitored in the main sources (the one-year-old and two-year-old shoots), and the dry weight and NSC levels of sinks (the seeds, current female cone cluster, and current vegetative cluster) across all seed development stages were recorded. The cumulative seed abscission rate significantly increased, reaching 91.5% from 0 to 72 days after seed protrusion time (SPT). NSC levels in the main sources significantly decreased by 56%–79%, accompanied by a significantly increased photosynthesis rate of 17.1%–49.1% during that period and increased NSC levels in the three sinks. The gene expression level of cell wall invertase () was significantly correlated with sucrose, fructose, and glucose levels. The carbon storage capacity of the main sources significantly decreased from 6.03 to 3.14 mmol C · d, with a stable photosynthetic capacity, from 0 to 72 days after SPT, whereas the carbon demand of the three sinks showed a continuously increasing trend from 3.14 to 7.71 mmol C · d. In addition, sucrose supplementation significantly decreased the cumulative seed abscission rate. These results suggest that storage carbohydrates play a major role in the regulatory mechanism of seed abscission in . Our study provides a theoretical basis for improving yield through establishing a better carbon balance between sources and sinks using timely fertilization or proper pruning procedures.
cv.梅里利是华南地区著名的坚果，具有很高的营养价值。严重的种子早脱限制了其产业发展，造成了严重的经济损失。然而，人们对种子脱落的生理机制仍然知之甚少。为了深入了解碳水化合物状态与种子脱落之间的关系，我们选取了三年生的含种枝条作为整棵树的代表材料。此外，还监测了主要来源（1 年生和 2 年生枝条）的光合速率和非结构性碳水化合物（NSC）动态变化的时间过程，并记录了种子各发育阶段的吸收汇（种子、当前雌果簇和当前植株簇）的干重和 NSC 水平。种子的累积脱落率显著增加，从种子萌发时间（SPT）后 0 天到 72 天达到 91.5%。在此期间，主要来源中的 NSC 含量明显减少了 56%-79%，同时光合作用率明显增加了 17.1%-49.1%，三个吸收汇中的 NSC 含量也有所增加。细胞壁转化酶（）的基因表达水平与蔗糖、果糖和葡萄糖水平显著相关。从 SPT 后的 0 到 72 天，主要碳源的碳储存能力从 6.03 mmol C - d 显著下降到 3.14 mmol C - d，光合作用能力保持稳定，而三个碳汇的碳需求量呈持续上升趋势，从 3.14 mmol C - d 上升到 7.71 mmol C - d。这些结果表明，贮藏碳水化合物在水稻种子脱落的调节机制中起着重要作用。我们的研究为通过适时施肥或适当的修剪程序在源和汇之间建立更好的碳平衡来提高产量提供了理论依据。
{"title":"Shortage of storage carbohydrates mainly determines seed abscission in Torreya grandis ‘Merrillii’","authors":"Tao Liu, Xiaolong Zhao, Guangxia Zhu, Caoliang Jin, Jingwei Yan, Jinwei Suo, Weiwu Yu, Yuanyuan Hu, Jiasheng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.hpj.2023.10.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpj.2023.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"cv. Merrillii is a well-known nut in South China with high nutritional value. Severe premature seed abscission limits the industrial development of by causing serious economic losses. However, the physiological mechanisms of seed abscission in remain poorly understood. To gain insight into the relationships between carbohydrate status and seed abscission, three-year-old seed-bearing branches were taken as representative materials for the entire tree. Furthermore, the time course of changes in the photosynthetic rate and the non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) dynamics were monitored in the main sources (the one-year-old and two-year-old shoots), and the dry weight and NSC levels of sinks (the seeds, current female cone cluster, and current vegetative cluster) across all seed development stages were recorded. The cumulative seed abscission rate significantly increased, reaching 91.5% from 0 to 72 days after seed protrusion time (SPT). NSC levels in the main sources significantly decreased by 56%–79%, accompanied by a significantly increased photosynthesis rate of 17.1%–49.1% during that period and increased NSC levels in the three sinks. The gene expression level of cell wall invertase () was significantly correlated with sucrose, fructose, and glucose levels. The carbon storage capacity of the main sources significantly decreased from 6.03 to 3.14 mmol C · d, with a stable photosynthetic capacity, from 0 to 72 days after SPT, whereas the carbon demand of the three sinks showed a continuously increasing trend from 3.14 to 7.71 mmol C · d. In addition, sucrose supplementation significantly decreased the cumulative seed abscission rate. These results suggest that storage carbohydrates play a major role in the regulatory mechanism of seed abscission in . Our study provides a theoretical basis for improving yield through establishing a better carbon balance between sources and sinks using timely fertilization or proper pruning procedures.","PeriodicalId":13178,"journal":{"name":"Horticultural Plant Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142025163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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