Pub Date : 2025-08-08DOI: 10.1109/TOH.2025.3597076
Lauren E. Horde;Logan D. Clark;Sara L. Riggs
While vibrotactile displays continue to gain popularity, it remains that the phenomenon of tactile change blindness negatively impacts the human ability to detect changes between and within tactile signals. This paper surveys the research literature on tactile change detection and blindness under various parameters, including the number of tactors used, the intensity and length of the stimulus, and whether distractors between stimuli (i.e., transients) were used during experimentation, among others. The goal of this survey is to summarize what has been done in an attempt to better understand the parameters that exacerbate tactile change blindness and identify potential areas of future research. When such an understanding is reached, the design of haptic and multimodal displays may ideally be improved.
{"title":"A Survey on Tactile Change Blindness","authors":"Lauren E. Horde;Logan D. Clark;Sara L. Riggs","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3597076","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3597076","url":null,"abstract":"While vibrotactile displays continue to gain popularity, it remains that the phenomenon of tactile change blindness negatively impacts the human ability to detect changes between and within tactile signals. This paper surveys the research literature on tactile change detection and blindness under various parameters, including the number of tactors used, the intensity and length of the stimulus, and whether distractors between stimuli (i.e., transients) were used during experimentation, among others. The goal of this survey is to summarize what has been done in an attempt to better understand the parameters that exacerbate tactile change blindness and identify potential areas of future research. When such an understanding is reached, the design of haptic and multimodal displays may ideally be improved.","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"18 4","pages":"825-837"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144803993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-04DOI: 10.1109/TOH.2025.3595445
Mohammad Sohorab Hossain;Vesna D. Novak
Exercises involving two participants are increasingly popular in applications such as motor rehabilitation, but it is still unclear how such exercises can be most effectively designed. This study examines the effects of two promising design elements of dyadic exercises (gamification and haptic coupling) on motor learning, motivation, and muscle activation. 62 healthy adult dyads were divided into four groups where gamification and haptic coupling were either present or absent, then went through an established protocol of learning two-dimensional tracking motions in the intermittent presence of a force field. 36 of these dyads completed an extended protocol where gamification was either added or removed after the main protocol, allowing a crossover study of its effects. Results showed that haptic coupling had no significant effects, matching some previous studies. On the other hand, gamification did improve intrinsic motivation and reduce forearm electromyograms, though the reduction in forearm electromyograms may be due to a biased sample. Overall, haptic coupling does not appear to be a high priority for future applied studies of dyadic exercises, especially since all previous coupling studies were performed with minimalistic visuals. On the other hand, gamification continues to hold promise for applications such as motor rehabilitation.
{"title":"Combining Gamification and Haptic Coupling in a Two-Dimensional Tracking Task Performed by Human Dyads","authors":"Mohammad Sohorab Hossain;Vesna D. Novak","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3595445","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3595445","url":null,"abstract":"Exercises involving two participants are increasingly popular in applications such as motor rehabilitation, but it is still unclear how such exercises can be most effectively designed. This study examines the effects of two promising design elements of dyadic exercises (gamification and haptic coupling) on motor learning, motivation, and muscle activation. 62 healthy adult dyads were divided into four groups where gamification and haptic coupling were either present or absent, then went through an established protocol of learning two-dimensional tracking motions in the intermittent presence of a force field. 36 of these dyads completed an extended protocol where gamification was either added or removed after the main protocol, allowing a crossover study of its effects. Results showed that haptic coupling had no significant effects, matching some previous studies. On the other hand, gamification did improve intrinsic motivation and reduce forearm electromyograms, though the reduction in forearm electromyograms may be due to a biased sample. Overall, haptic coupling does not appear to be a high priority for future applied studies of dyadic exercises, especially since all previous coupling studies were performed with minimalistic visuals. On the other hand, gamification continues to hold promise for applications such as motor rehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"18 3","pages":"732-741"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study proposes a method to present pure low-frequency vibration sensations to the face that cannot be presented by small commercially available vibrators. The core innovation lies in utilizing an amplitude modulation technique with a carrier frequency of approximately 200 Hz. Due to the absence of Pacinian corpuscles in the facial region—receptors responsible for detecting high-frequency vibrations around 200 Hz—only the original low-frequency signal is perceived. Three experiments were conducted. Experiments 1 and 2 were performed on the forehead to confirm that the proposed amplitude modulation method could produce the desired low-frequency perception and to evaluate the subjective quality of the vibration. The results suggested that the proposed method could produce the perception of desired pure low-frequency vibration when applied to the forehead. In Experiment 3, the proposed method was applied to the whole face, and its range of applicability was explored. The results indicated that the original low-frequency vibration was clearly perceptible around the eyes, cheeks, and lower lip area.
{"title":"Presentation of Low-Frequency Vibration to the Face Using Amplitude Modulation","authors":"Yuma Akiba;Shota Nakayama;Keigo Ushiyama;Izumi Mizoguchi;Hiroyuki Kajimoto","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3594480","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3594480","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a method to present pure low-frequency vibration sensations to the face that cannot be presented by small commercially available vibrators. The core innovation lies in utilizing an amplitude modulation technique with a carrier frequency of approximately 200 Hz. Due to the absence of Pacinian corpuscles in the facial region—receptors responsible for detecting high-frequency vibrations around 200 Hz—only the original low-frequency signal is perceived. Three experiments were conducted. Experiments 1 and 2 were performed on the forehead to confirm that the proposed amplitude modulation method could produce the desired low-frequency perception and to evaluate the subjective quality of the vibration. The results suggested that the proposed method could produce the perception of desired pure low-frequency vibration when applied to the forehead. In Experiment 3, the proposed method was applied to the whole face, and its range of applicability was explored. The results indicated that the original low-frequency vibration was clearly perceptible around the eyes, cheeks, and lower lip area.","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"18 3","pages":"710-721"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144759921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-21DOI: 10.1109/TOH.2025.3591300
Mahdiar Edraki;Jim Papadopoulos;John Peter Whitney;Dagmar Sternad
A measurement device was developed that can measure user-applied grip force all around a cylindrical handle without constraining the grasp posture. Through the use of flexures, the device mechanically sums the radial grip forces, up to 200 N, applied to any locations along any of its load plates. It exhibited less than 1.5% of full-scale error after calibration and less than 1.5 N variation when load was applied to different plates. The device used off-the-shelf and 3D-printed components, making it easy and low-cost to build and use. The accuracy and versatility of the device affords numerous applications in research on human motor control and human-robot interactions. A human experiment on force tracking was presented to demonstrate the utility of the device.
{"title":"A 3D-Printed Device for Unconstrained Grip Force Measurements: Design and Application in a Human Experiment","authors":"Mahdiar Edraki;Jim Papadopoulos;John Peter Whitney;Dagmar Sternad","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3591300","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3591300","url":null,"abstract":"A measurement device was developed that can measure user-applied grip force all around a cylindrical handle without constraining the grasp posture. Through the use of flexures, the device mechanically sums the radial grip forces, up to 200 N, applied to any locations along any of its load plates. It exhibited less than 1.5% of full-scale error after calibration and less than 1.5 N variation when load was applied to different plates. The device used off-the-shelf and 3D-printed components, making it easy and low-cost to build and use. The accuracy and versatility of the device affords numerous applications in research on human motor control and human-robot interactions. A human experiment on force tracking was presented to demonstrate the utility of the device.","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"18 3","pages":"751-762"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tactile signals arising on one’s own body allow estimation of one’s sensory state and foster interactions with the environment. However, tactile perception can be influenced by various factors. For instance, tactile perception is suppressed on a moving limb compared to when it is resting, a phenomenon termed tactile suppression. Here, we examine whether tactile perception during resting and during movement is robust over shorter and longer time intervals. Participants had to detect tactile stimuli of various intensities on their index finger while this finger was resting or moving (finger extension). This detection task was performed in four sessions on separate days across a period of one month. We found that tactile perception during resting is robust within single sessions and across days. However, tactile perception during movement changed across days, but these changes lacked a clear systematic pattern. We further show that temporal changes in perception alone cannot fully account for the previously reported tactile suppression effects. Finally, split-half correlations reveal high consistency in the estimated perceptual measures, demonstrating that estimates of tactile perception are robust across measurement points.
{"title":"Reliability of Tactile Perception and Suppression Measurements","authors":"Dimitris Voudouris;Petros Georgiadis;Katja Fiehler;Belkis Ezgi Arikan","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3587742","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3587742","url":null,"abstract":"Tactile signals arising on one’s own body allow estimation of one’s sensory state and foster interactions with the environment. However, tactile perception can be influenced by various factors. For instance, tactile perception is suppressed on a moving limb compared to when it is resting, a phenomenon termed tactile suppression. Here, we examine whether tactile perception during resting and during movement is robust over shorter and longer time intervals. Participants had to detect tactile stimuli of various intensities on their index finger while this finger was resting or moving (finger extension). This detection task was performed in four sessions on separate days across a period of one month. We found that tactile perception during resting is robust within single sessions and across days. However, tactile perception during movement changed across days, but these changes lacked a clear systematic pattern. We further show that temporal changes in perception alone cannot fully account for the previously reported tactile suppression effects. Finally, split-half correlations reveal high consistency in the estimated perceptual measures, demonstrating that estimates of tactile perception are robust across measurement points.","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"18 3","pages":"671-678"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11076155","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144600186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-30DOI: 10.1109/TOH.2025.3584595
Yuri De Pra;Stefano Papetti;Hanna Järveläinen;Alessandro Morassut;Federico Fontana
Despite the robustness and versatility of touchscreens affording haptic rotation, physical knobs remain widely adopted in the control layout of professional machines and appliances. Their low cost, established design, and efficiency in encoding rotations– even when an operator’s attention is focused elsewhere – make them an optimal choice. However, physical knobs are often prone to electro-mechanical damage in settings such as food or cleaning service facilities. To overcome potential consequent safety and productivity issues, we have designed and prototyped a motionless cylindrical device capable of encoding manual rotation. The device tracks finger contact positions on its lateral surface through capacitive sensing, which are then processed by a neural network-based algorithm designed to encode manual rotations in real-time on low-cost embedded hardware. A user test evaluating manual rotation confirmed accuracy in line with a previous experiment conducted on a motionless knob. In parallel, a decrease in precision was observed, possibly as a consequence of the sensing technology and encoding algorithm. Subjective questionnaires assessing specific aspects of the interaction quality with the prototype reinforced previous findings, suggesting that achieving natural and intuitive gestures on a motionless knob requires adaptation of a deeply embodied interaction primitive such as manual rotation.
{"title":"Encoding Manual Rotations on a Motionless Knob","authors":"Yuri De Pra;Stefano Papetti;Hanna Järveläinen;Alessandro Morassut;Federico Fontana","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3584595","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3584595","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the robustness and versatility of touchscreens affording <italic>haptic rotation</i>, physical knobs remain widely adopted in the control layout of professional machines and appliances. Their low cost, established design, and efficiency in encoding rotations– even when an operator’s attention is focused elsewhere – make them an optimal choice. However, physical knobs are often prone to electro-mechanical damage in settings such as food or cleaning service facilities. To overcome potential consequent safety and productivity issues, we have designed and prototyped a motionless cylindrical device capable of encoding manual rotation. The device tracks finger contact positions on its lateral surface through capacitive sensing, which are then processed by a neural network-based algorithm designed to encode manual rotations in real-time on low-cost embedded hardware. A user test evaluating manual rotation confirmed accuracy in line with a previous experiment conducted on a motionless knob. In parallel, a decrease in precision was observed, possibly as a consequence of the sensing technology and encoding algorithm. Subjective questionnaires assessing specific aspects of the interaction quality with the prototype reinforced previous findings, suggesting that achieving natural and intuitive gestures on a motionless knob requires adaptation of a deeply embodied interaction primitive such as manual rotation.","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"18 3","pages":"689-698"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11059819","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144527671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-27DOI: 10.1109/TOH.2025.3583736
Ching Hei Cheng;Jonathan Eden;Denny Oetomo;Ying Tan
Proprioception is essential for coordinating human movements and enhancing the performance of assistive robotic devices. Skin stretch feedback, which is used within natural proprioception mechanisms, presents a promising method for conveying proprioceptive information. To better understand the impact of interference on skin stretch perception and to provide insights into how to best balance between perception performance and the workload required for its understanding, we conducted a user study with 30 participants that evaluated the effect of two simultaneous skin stretches on the user’s ability to perceive changes in skin stretch and the associated perceived workload. We observed that when participants experience simultaneous skin stretch stimuli, a masking effect occurs which deteriorates perception performance in the collocated skin stretch configurations without changing the perception of workload. These findings imply that multi-channel skin stretch designs should avoid locating modules in close proximity due to the lower sensitivity in perception.
{"title":"Exploring Interference Between Concurrent Skin Stretches","authors":"Ching Hei Cheng;Jonathan Eden;Denny Oetomo;Ying Tan","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3583736","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3583736","url":null,"abstract":"Proprioception is essential for coordinating human movements and enhancing the performance of assistive robotic devices. Skin stretch feedback, which is used within natural proprioception mechanisms, presents a promising method for conveying proprioceptive information. To better understand the impact of interference on skin stretch perception and to provide insights into how to best balance between perception performance and the workload required for its understanding, we conducted a user study with 30 participants that evaluated the effect of two simultaneous skin stretches on the user’s ability to perceive changes in skin stretch and the associated perceived workload. We observed that when participants experience simultaneous skin stretch stimuli, a masking effect occurs which deteriorates perception performance in the collocated skin stretch configurations without changing the perception of workload. These findings imply that multi-channel skin stretch designs should avoid locating modules in close proximity due to the lower sensitivity in perception.","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"18 3","pages":"803-808"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-27DOI: 10.1109/TOH.2025.3583962
Daniel E. Genaro;Laura C. Marrelli;Erika E. Howe;Emma B. Plater;Michael Apollinaro;John Zettel;Leah R. Bent
Amputation of a lower limb not only affects mobility but also interferes with sensory feedback, leading to an elevated risk of falls among individuals living with amputation. Sensory substitution, achieved through tactile displays embedded in transfemoral prosthetic sockets, presents a promising non-invasive solution to provide artificial sensation to users. However, for this approach to be effective, users must accurately perceive distinct combinations of vibrations, a capacity limited by their two-point discrimination ability. This study examined whether spacing two vibrotactile stimuli within the 20-30 mm range, on the thigh, enabled the perception of distinct points and whether vibration frequency affected spatial acuity. We defined the ability to perceive two distinct points as achieving at least a 75% accuracy in responses, and based on this criterion, we determined that the minimum distance required for two-point discrimination lies between 25 mm and 30 mm. Notably, our study revealed that spatial acuity was not altered when vibrating at either low (30 Hz) or high (150 Hz) frequencies, provided the vibrations were at the perceptual threshold. Lastly, our findings consistently favoured stimuli that were spaced out vertically over horizontal ones. These findings contribute to the improvement of tactile displays intended for sensory substitution in transfemoral prostheses.
{"title":"Optimizing Vibrotactile Feedback for Sensory Substitution in the Thigh: Spatial Acuity and Frequency Characteristics","authors":"Daniel E. Genaro;Laura C. Marrelli;Erika E. Howe;Emma B. Plater;Michael Apollinaro;John Zettel;Leah R. Bent","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3583962","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3583962","url":null,"abstract":"Amputation of a lower limb not only affects mobility but also interferes with sensory feedback, leading to an elevated risk of falls among individuals living with amputation. Sensory substitution, achieved through tactile displays embedded in transfemoral prosthetic sockets, presents a promising non-invasive solution to provide artificial sensation to users. However, for this approach to be effective, users must accurately perceive distinct combinations of vibrations, a capacity limited by their two-point discrimination ability. This study examined whether spacing two vibrotactile stimuli within the 20-30 mm range, on the thigh, enabled the perception of distinct points and whether vibration frequency affected spatial acuity. We defined the ability to perceive two distinct points as achieving at least a 75% accuracy in responses, and based on this criterion, we determined that the minimum distance required for two-point discrimination lies between 25 mm and 30 mm. Notably, our study revealed that spatial acuity was not altered when vibrating at either low (30 Hz) or high (150 Hz) frequencies, provided the vibrations were at the perceptual threshold. Lastly, our findings consistently favoured stimuli that were spaced out vertically over horizontal ones. These findings contribute to the improvement of tactile displays intended for sensory substitution in transfemoral prostheses.","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"18 3","pages":"652-662"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-23DOI: 10.1109/TOH.2025.3582077
Didem Katircilar;Roland Bennewitz;Knut Drewing
Individuals with more elastic, more hydrated or smaller fingers usually show better performance in several passive touch tasks. In active touch, people use different exploratory procedures when evaluating object properties, and tune their exploratory parameters. For example, they indent stimuli to assess softness and optimize their peak forces to get relevant information. In this study, we aim to understand whether finger pad size, elasticity and hydration affect individuals’ force-tuning and discrimination performance in active softness perception. Participants performed two softness tasks in two different sessions. In one session, hyaluronic acid was applied to their finger pads to soften it, in the other they received no treatment. We assessed individual elasticity and hydration values with cutometer and corneometer in each session, and measured finger pad size in three dimension by caliper. In each task, two pairs of stimuli were presented to the participants (Young’s Modulus: 41.5 vs. 45.0; 28.7 vs. 31.3 kPa) who chose the softer stimulus. In the restricted task, they could apply force only up to 2 Newton, whereas there was no force limit in the unconstrained task. We found that participants with smaller finger pad size exerted less force in the restricted task and participants with more hydrated and elastic fingers exerted less force in the unconstrained task. The force-tuning disappeared in the unconstrained task when treatment was applied. These results indicate that people employ strategies according to their finger parameters and to the availability of cues whereas adaptation to treatment is likely to need longer practice.
手指更有弹性、水分更充足或手指更小的人通常在一些被动触摸任务中表现得更好。在主动触摸中，人们在评估物体属性时使用不同的探索程序，并调整他们的探索参数。例如，他们缩进刺激来评估柔软度，并优化他们的峰值力以获得相关信息。在本研究中，我们旨在了解指垫大小、弹性和水合作用是否影响个体在主动柔软感知中的力调谐和辨别表现。参与者在两个不同的环节中执行两个柔软任务。在一组中，研究人员将透明质酸涂在他们的指垫上以软化它，而在另一组中，他们没有接受任何治疗。在每个疗程中，我们用量尺和角质尺评估个体的弹性和水合值，用卡尺测量手指垫的三维尺寸。在每个任务中，向参与者呈现两对刺激(杨氏模量：41.5 vs. 45.0；28.7对31.3 kPa)。在受限任务中，他们只能施加2牛顿的力，而在无约束任务中则没有力的限制。我们发现手指垫尺寸较小的参与者在受限任务中施加的力较小，而手指含水量和弹性较大的参与者在无约束任务中施加的力较小。在无约束任务中，施加处理后力调谐消失。这些结果表明，人们根据自己的手指参数和线索的可用性使用策略，而适应治疗可能需要更长的练习。
{"title":"A Role for Finger Properties in Exploration and Perception of Softness","authors":"Didem Katircilar;Roland Bennewitz;Knut Drewing","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3582077","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3582077","url":null,"abstract":"Individuals with more elastic, more hydrated or smaller fingers usually show better performance in several passive touch tasks. In active touch, people use different exploratory procedures when evaluating object properties, and tune their exploratory parameters. For example, they indent stimuli to assess softness and optimize their peak forces to get relevant information. In this study, we aim to understand whether finger pad size, elasticity and hydration affect individuals’ force-tuning and discrimination performance in active softness perception. Participants performed two softness tasks in two different sessions. In one session, hyaluronic acid was applied to their finger pads to soften it, in the other they received no treatment. We assessed individual elasticity and hydration values with cutometer and corneometer in each session, and measured finger pad size in three dimension by caliper. In each task, two pairs of stimuli were presented to the participants (Young’s Modulus: 41.5 vs. 45.0; 28.7 vs. 31.3 kPa) who chose the softer stimulus. In the restricted task, they could apply force only up to 2 Newton, whereas there was no force limit in the unconstrained task. We found that participants with smaller finger pad size exerted less force in the restricted task and participants with more hydrated and elastic fingers exerted less force in the unconstrained task. The force-tuning disappeared in the unconstrained task when treatment was applied. These results indicate that people employ strategies according to their finger parameters and to the availability of cues whereas adaptation to treatment is likely to need longer practice.","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"18 3","pages":"679-688"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11045995","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144474998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vibrotactile feedback is a common target for wearables, often making use of illusions like funneling, which produces a phantom sensation in-between actuators. However, prior work has assumed funneling produces a point sensation rather than a region across the body. To better understand how people experience spatial vibrotactile feedback, we approach this question with a qualitative study. We placed vibrotactile actuators at different locations on the back, asking participants to draw what they experienced on a map of an individual’s back, and conducted open- and closed-coding analysis. Results show a range of experiences more diverse than previously described. For example, sometimes a phantom sensation was perceived in-between the actuators (“funneling”), while other times participants also indicated a region including one or both actuators (we call this “fusing”). We also document masking effects and conduction across bone and soft tissue. These findings can serve as a taxonomy guiding new research for understanding vibrotactile perception as a total experience, and provide a visual vocabulary documenting felt vibrations on the skin.
{"title":"Beyond Funneling: Subjective Experiences of Spatial Vibrotactile Feedback on the Back","authors":"Diana Khater;Louis-Pierre Guidetti;Stuart Mansbridge;Oliver Schneider","doi":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3580297","DOIUrl":"10.1109/TOH.2025.3580297","url":null,"abstract":"Vibrotactile feedback is a common target for wearables, often making use of illusions like funneling, which produces a phantom sensation in-between actuators. However, prior work has assumed funneling produces a point sensation rather than a region across the body. To better understand how people experience spatial vibrotactile feedback, we approach this question with a qualitative study. We placed vibrotactile actuators at different locations on the back, asking participants to draw what they experienced on a map of an individual’s back, and conducted open- and closed-coding analysis. Results show a range of experiences more diverse than previously described. For example, sometimes a phantom sensation was perceived in-between the actuators (“funneling”), while other times participants also indicated a region including one or both actuators (we call this “fusing”). We also document masking effects and conduction across bone and soft tissue. These findings can serve as a taxonomy guiding new research for understanding vibrotactile perception as a total experience, and provide a visual vocabulary documenting felt vibrations on the skin.","PeriodicalId":13215,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Haptics","volume":"18 3","pages":"699-709"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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