Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2025.11297129
David Schneider
When you get an MRI scan, the machine exploits a phenomenon called nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Certain kinds of atomic nuclei—including those of the hydrogen atoms in a water molecule—can be made to oscillate in a magnetic field, and these oscillations can be detected with coils of wire. Medical MRI scanners employ intense magnetic fields that create resonance at tens to hundreds of megahertz. However, another NMR-based instrument involves oscillations at a much lower frequency: a proton-precession magnetometer, often used to measure Earth's magnetic field.
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Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2025.11297112
Margo Anderson
For years, Gwen Shaffer has been leading Long Beach, Calif., residents on “data walks,” pointing out public Wi-Fi routers, security cameras, smart water meters, and parking kiosks. The goal, according to the professor of journalism and public relations at California State University, Long Beach, was to learn how residents felt about the ways in which their city collected data on them.
多年来，格温·谢弗（Gwen Shaffer）一直带领加州长滩的居民进行“数据漫步”，指出公共Wi-Fi路由器、安全摄像头、智能水表和停车亭。据这位长滩加州州立大学（California State University, Long Beach）新闻与公共关系教授说，这样做的目的是了解居民对城市收集他们数据的方式的感受。
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Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2025.11297125
Matthew S. Smith
Today, most users interact with LLMs via an online, browser-based interface. The more technically inclined might use an application programming interface or command line interface. In either case, the queries are sent to a data center, where the model is hosted and run. It works well, until it doesn't; a data-center outage can take a model offline for hours. Plus, some users might be unwilling to send personal data to an anonymous entity.
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Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2025.11297114
This past July, in a chilly stone hut high in the Italian Alps, six young lepidopterists sat around a big wooden table at the crack of dawn scrutinizing dozens of moths captured the night before. They were taking part in Project Psyche, an intensive effort to sequence a genome for every one of the 11,000 species of moths and butterflies in Europe. The project is developing best practices for capturing, identifying, transporting, and sequencing creatures, and it's part of a larger, wildly ambitious effort to sequence a representative of every named species on Earth.
{"title":"Inside the Ambitious Project to Sequence All of Europe's Lepidoptera","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2025.11297114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2025.11297114","url":null,"abstract":"This past July, in a chilly stone hut high in the Italian Alps, six young lepidopterists sat around a big wooden table at the crack of dawn scrutinizing dozens of moths captured the night before. They were taking part in Project Psyche, an intensive effort to sequence a genome for every one of the 11,000 species of moths and butterflies in Europe. The project is developing best practices for capturing, identifying, transporting, and sequencing creatures, and it's part of a larger, wildly ambitious effort to sequence a representative of every named species on Earth.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":"62 12","pages":"2-2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11297114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145712575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2025.11297116
Stephen Cass
According to U.S. Food and Drug Administration records, in an average year over 2,500 medical-device recalls are issued in the United States. Some of these recalls simply require checking the device for problems, but others require the return or destruction of the device. Once identified, the FDA categorizes the root cause of these recalls into 40 categories, plus a catchall of “other”: situations that include labeling mix-ups, problems with expiration dates, and counterfeiting.
{"title":"The Data: Medical Device Recalls: Software Problems Cause 20 Recalls a Month","authors":"Stephen Cass","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2025.11297116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2025.11297116","url":null,"abstract":"According to U.S. Food and Drug Administration records, in an average year over 2,500 medical-device recalls are issued in the United States. Some of these recalls simply require checking the device for problems, but others require the return or destruction of the device. Once identified, the FDA categorizes the root cause of these recalls into 40 categories, plus a catchall of “other”: situations that include labeling mix-ups, problems with expiration dates, and counterfeiting.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":"62 12","pages":"14-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11297116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145712571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2025.11297124
Robert N. Charette
KGB Chairman Charkov's question to inorganic chemist Valery Legasov in HBO's “Chernobyl” miniseries makes a good epitaph for the hundreds of software development, modernization, and operational failures I have covered for IEEE Spectrum since my first contribution, to its September 2005 special issue on learning—or rather, not learning—from software failures. I noted then, and it's still true two decades later: Software failures are universally unbiased. They happen in every country, to large companies and small. They happen in commercial, nonprofit, and governmental organizations, regardless of status or reputation.
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