Pub Date : 2025-01-06DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2025.10829736
Samuel K. Moore;Emily Waltz;Matthew S. Smith;Emily Waltz;Yu-Tzu Chiu
This issue will take you around the world, into the sea, and deep underground—not necessarily in that order. Let's start underground, where lie the precious rare earth minerals that make the world of technology go round. New tech is in the offing that could break China's lock on the global supply. China has the same concerns about its supply of uranium, which is why it's pioneering thorium-fueled nuclear energy.
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Pub Date : 2025-01-06DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2025.10829737
Dina Genkina;Ned Potter;Lawrence Ulrich;Katherine Bourzac
Michael Frank has spent his career as an academic researcher working over three decades in a very peculiar niche of computer engineering. According to Frank, that peculiar niche's time has finally come. “I decided earlier this year that it was the right time to try to commercialize this stuff,” Frank says. In July 2024, he left his position as a senior engineering scientist at Sandia National Laboratories to join a startup, U.S.- and U.K.-based Vaire Computing.
Michael Frank作为一名学术研究人员，在计算机工程的一个非常特殊的领域工作了30多年。根据弗兰克的说法，这个特殊的利基时代终于到来了。弗兰克说：“今年早些时候，我决定是时候尝试将这些东西商业化了。”2024年7月，他离开桑迪亚国家实验室（Sandia National Laboratories）高级工程科学家的职位，加入了一家位于美国和英国的初创公司Vaire Computing。
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Pub Date : 2025-01-06DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2025.10829735
Liam Critchley;Glenn Zorpette;Edd Gent
The future of human habitation in the sea is taking shape in an abandoned quarry on the border of Wales and England. There, the ocean-exploration organization Deep has embarked on a multiyear quest to enable scientists to live on the seafloor at depths up to 200 meters for weeks, months, and possibly even years.
{"title":"Making Humans Aquatic Again: In 2025, People will Try Living in Deep's Underwater Habitat","authors":"Liam Critchley;Glenn Zorpette;Edd Gent","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2025.10829735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2025.10829735","url":null,"abstract":"The future of human habitation in the sea is taking shape in an abandoned quarry on the border of Wales and England. There, the ocean-exploration organization Deep has embarked on a multiyear quest to enable scientists to live on the seafloor at depths up to 200 meters for weeks, months, and possibly even years.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":"62 1","pages":"42-53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2025.10824232
David Schneider
In September of 2023, I wrote in these pages about using a Raspberry Pi-based seismometer—a Raspberry Shake—to record earthquakes. But as time went by, I found the results disappointing. In retrospect, I realize that my creation was struggling to overcome a fundamental hurdle.
{"title":"A Better DIY Seismometer: This Design is Compact But Still Detects Faraway Earthquakes","authors":"David Schneider","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2025.10824232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2025.10824232","url":null,"abstract":"In September of 2023, I wrote in these pages about using a Raspberry Pi-based seismometer—a Raspberry Shake—to record earthquakes. But as time went by, I found the results disappointing. In retrospect, I realize that my creation was struggling to overcome a fundamental hurdle.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":"62 1","pages":"16-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142918234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2025.10824229
Margo Anderson
In 2023, at least 20 civilian aircraft flying through the Middle East were misled by their onboard GPS units into flying near Iranian airspace without clearance—situations that could have provoked an international incident. These planes were victims of GPS spoofing, in which deceptive signals from the ground, disguised as signals from GPS satellites in orbit, trick an aircraft's instruments into reporting the aircraft's location as some-where that it isn't. Spoofing is a more sophisticated tactic than GPS jamming, in which malicious signals overwhelm a targeted GPS receiver until it can no longer function.
{"title":"5 Questions: Todd Humphreys: GPS Spoofing Threatens Airliners","authors":"Margo Anderson","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2025.10824229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2025.10824229","url":null,"abstract":"In 2023, at least 20 civilian aircraft flying through the Middle East were misled by their onboard GPS units into flying near Iranian airspace without clearance—situations that could have provoked an international incident. These planes were victims of GPS spoofing, in which deceptive signals from the ground, disguised as signals from GPS satellites in orbit, trick an aircraft's instruments into reporting the aircraft's location as some-where that it isn't. Spoofing is a more sophisticated tactic than GPS jamming, in which malicious signals overwhelm a targeted GPS receiver until it can no longer function.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":"62 1","pages":"15-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10824229","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142918231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2025.10824228
Edd Gent
Users of Google's Chrome browser can rest easy knowing that their surfing is secure, thanks in part to cryptographer Joppe Bos. He's coauthor of a quantum-secure encryption algorithm that was adopted as a standard by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in August and is already being implemented in a wide range of technology products, including Chrome.
{"title":"Careers: Joppe Bos: The Cryptographer Designs Encryption that Even Quantum Hardware Can't Crack","authors":"Edd Gent","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2025.10824228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2025.10824228","url":null,"abstract":"Users of Google's Chrome browser can rest easy knowing that their surfing is secure, thanks in part to cryptographer Joppe Bos. He's coauthor of a quantum-secure encryption algorithm that was adopted as a standard by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in August and is already being implemented in a wide range of technology products, including Chrome.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":"62 1","pages":"19-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10824228","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142918233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2025.10824231
Joanna Goodrich
The invention of an effective land-mine detector came about after a tragedy on the beaches of Dundee, Scotland. In 1940, the British Army, fearing a German invasion, buried thousands of land mines along the coast. But it didn't notify its allies. Soldiers from the Polish 10th Armored Cavalry Brigade on a routine patrol of the beach were killed or injured when the land mines exploded. After the tragedy, a Polish electrical engineer named Józef Stanislaw Kosacki developed a portable mine detector that performed flawlessly in tests. It weighed less than 14 kilograms and operated much like the metal detectors used by beachcombers today. The devices quickly went into production and were shipped first to Egypt, where the Germans had created a vast minefield, called the Devil's Gardens, covering over 2,900 square kilometers. Kosacki's detector was able to clear mines twice as fast as previous methods. It's estimated to have saved thousands of lives by the end of the war. Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States continued to use versions of it until 1991.
{"title":"Past Forward: The First Land-Mine Detector that Actually Worked","authors":"Joanna Goodrich","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2025.10824231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2025.10824231","url":null,"abstract":"The invention of an effective land-mine detector came about after a tragedy on the beaches of Dundee, Scotland. In 1940, the British Army, fearing a German invasion, buried thousands of land mines along the coast. But it didn't notify its allies. Soldiers from the Polish 10th Armored Cavalry Brigade on a routine patrol of the beach were killed or injured when the land mines exploded. After the tragedy, a Polish electrical engineer named Józef Stanislaw Kosacki developed a portable mine detector that performed flawlessly in tests. It weighed less than 14 kilograms and operated much like the metal detectors used by beachcombers today. The devices quickly went into production and were shipped first to Egypt, where the Germans had created a vast minefield, called the Devil's Gardens, covering over 2,900 square kilometers. Kosacki's detector was able to clear mines twice as fast as previous methods. It's estimated to have saved thousands of lives by the end of the war. Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States continued to use versions of it until 1991.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":"62 1","pages":"56-56"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10824231","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142918229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-03DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2025.10824230
Harry Goldstein
Over the last year, Spectrum's editors have noticed an emerging through line connecting several major stories: the centrality of technology to geopolitics. Last month, our cover story, done in partnership with Foreign Policy magazine, was on the future of submarine warfare. And last October, we focused on how sea drones could bolster Taiwan's “silicon shield” strategy, which rests on Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co.'s domination of high-end chip manufacturing.
{"title":"How Tech Could Shape Geopolitics: This Year's Technological Milestones Could Determine Long-Term Outcomes","authors":"Harry Goldstein","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2025.10824230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2025.10824230","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last year, Spectrum's editors have noticed an emerging through line connecting several major stories: the centrality of technology to geopolitics. Last month, our cover story, done in partnership with Foreign Policy magazine, was on the future of submarine warfare. And last October, we focused on how sea drones could bolster Taiwan's “silicon shield” strategy, which rests on Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co.'s domination of high-end chip manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":"62 1","pages":"4-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10824230","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142918115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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