Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2025.11297116
Stephen Cass
According to U.S. Food and Drug Administration records, in an average year over 2,500 medical-device recalls are issued in the United States. Some of these recalls simply require checking the device for problems, but others require the return or destruction of the device. Once identified, the FDA categorizes the root cause of these recalls into 40 categories, plus a catchall of “other”: situations that include labeling mix-ups, problems with expiration dates, and counterfeiting.
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Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2025.11297124
Robert N. Charette
KGB Chairman Charkov's question to inorganic chemist Valery Legasov in HBO's “Chernobyl” miniseries makes a good epitaph for the hundreds of software development, modernization, and operational failures I have covered for IEEE Spectrum since my first contribution, to its September 2005 special issue on learning—or rather, not learning—from software failures. I noted then, and it's still true two decades later: Software failures are universally unbiased. They happen in every country, to large companies and small. They happen in commercial, nonprofit, and governmental organizations, regardless of status or reputation.
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Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2025.11297131
Allison Marsh
For a brief time in the early 1930s, Lionel Corp.–better known for its electric model trains–tried to interest young girls in electric toy stoves. The fully functional appliance shown here stood 86 centimeters tall and had two electric burners and an oven that heated to 260°C. Housewives-in-training could mimic their mothers frying eggs, baking muffins, or boiling water for tea. With no safety features in place (the burners could only be turned off or on), some children also learned the painful lesson of getting burned.
{"title":"Past Forward: Too Hot to Handle","authors":"Allison Marsh","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2025.11297131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2025.11297131","url":null,"abstract":"For a brief time in the early 1930s, Lionel Corp.–better known for its electric model trains–tried to interest young girls in electric toy stoves. The fully functional appliance shown here stood 86 centimeters tall and had two electric burners and an oven that heated to 260°C. Housewives-in-training could mimic their mothers frying eggs, baking muffins, or boiling water for tea. With no safety features in place (the burners could only be turned off or on), some children also learned the painful lesson of getting burned.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":"62 12","pages":"64-64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11297131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145712549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2025.11297119
Edd Gent
Early in Levi Unema's career as an electrical engineer, he was presented with an unusual opportunity. While working on assembly lines at an automotive parts supplier in 2015, he got a surprise call from his high-school science teacher that set him off on an entirely new path: piloting underwater robots to explore the ocean's deepest abysses.
{"title":"Careers: Levi Unema: In his Life at Sea, the Engineer Maintains and Pilots Underwater Robots","authors":"Edd Gent","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2025.11297119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2025.11297119","url":null,"abstract":"Early in Levi Unema's career as an electrical engineer, he was presented with an unusual opportunity. While working on assembly lines at an automotive parts supplier in 2015, he got a surprise call from his high-school science teacher that set him off on an entirely new path: piloting underwater robots to explore the ocean's deepest abysses.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":"62 12","pages":"19-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11297119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145712562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2025.11297134
Harry Goldstein
Talking to Robert N. Charette can be pretty depressing. Charette, who has been writing about software failures for this magazine for the past 20 years, is a renowned risk analyst and systems expert who over the course of a 50-year career has seen more than his share of delusional thinking among IT professionals, government officials, and corporate executives, before, during, and after massive software failures.
与罗伯特·n·沙雷特（Robert N. Charette）交谈可能相当令人沮丧。Charette在过去的20年里一直在为本杂志撰写关于软件故障的文章，他是一位著名的风险分析师和系统专家，在他50年的职业生涯中，他在大规模软件故障之前、期间和之后，在IT专业人员、政府官员和公司高管中看到了比他所分享的更多的妄想思维。
{"title":"Why Software Keeps Failing: Lessons are Learned but not Applied","authors":"Harry Goldstein","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2025.11297134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2025.11297134","url":null,"abstract":"Talking to Robert N. Charette can be pretty depressing. Charette, who has been writing about software failures for this magazine for the past 20 years, is a renowned risk analyst and systems expert who over the course of a 50-year career has seen more than his share of delusional thinking among IT professionals, government officials, and corporate executives, before, during, and after massive software failures.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":"62 12","pages":"3-3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11297134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145712573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2025.11297133
Lawrence Ulrich
When I Traveled to Ellabell, Ga., in May to report on Hyundai Motor Group's hyperefficient Metaplant—a ${$}$12.6 billion boost to U.S.-based manufacturing of EVs and batteries—the company's timing appeared solid. At this temple of leading-edge factory tech, Ioniq 5 and Ioniq 9 SUVs marched along surgically spotless assembly lines, giving the South Korean automaker a defensible bulwark against the Trump administration's tariffs and onshoring fervor.
当我去佐治亚州的埃拉贝尔旅行时。今年5月，该公司报告了现代汽车集团（Hyundai Motor Group）超高效的metaplant项目，该项目将为美国的电动汽车和电池制造业带来126亿美元的提振。在这个尖端工厂技术的圣殿里，Ioniq 5和Ioniq 9 suv沿着一尘不染的装配线行进，为这家韩国汽车制造商提供了一道抵御特朗普政府关税和国内狂热的防御堡垒。
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Pub Date : 2025-11-10DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2025.11237219
Dina Genkina
Walk into a typical data center and one of the first things that jumps out at you is the noise—the low, buzzing sound of thousands of fans: fans next to individual computer chips, fans on the back panels of server racks, fans on the network switches. All of those fans are pushing hot air away from the temperature-sensitive computer chips and toward air-conditioning units.
{"title":"Next-Gen AI Needs Liquid Cooling: Here are Four new Ways to Get it Done","authors":"Dina Genkina","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2025.11237219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2025.11237219","url":null,"abstract":"Walk into a typical data center and one of the first things that jumps out at you is the noise—the low, buzzing sound of thousands of fans: fans next to individual computer chips, fans on the back panels of server racks, fans on the network switches. All of those fans are pushing hot air away from the temperature-sensitive computer chips and toward air-conditioning units.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":"62 11","pages":"28-33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145479363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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