Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10705376
Matthew S. Smith
IT'S HARD TO OVERSTATE NVIDIA'S AI DOMINANCE. Founded in 1993, Nvidia first made its mark in the then-new field of graphics processing units (GPUs) for personal computers. But it's the company's AI chips, not PC graphics hardware, that vaulted Nvidia into the ranks of the world's most valuable companies. It turns out that Nvidia's GPUs are also excellent for AI. As a result, its stock is more than 15 times as valuable as it was at the start of 2020; revenues have ballooned from roughly US $12 billion in its 2019 fiscal year to $60 billion in 2024; and the AI powerhouse's leading-edge chips are as scarce, and desired, as water in a desert.
{"title":"Challengers are Coming for Nvidia's Crown: In AI's Game of Thrones, Don't Count Out the Upstarts","authors":"Matthew S. Smith","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10705376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10705376","url":null,"abstract":"IT'S HARD TO OVERSTATE NVIDIA'S AI DOMINANCE. Founded in 1993, Nvidia first made its mark in the then-new field of graphics processing units (GPUs) for personal computers. But it's the company's AI chips, not PC graphics hardware, that vaulted Nvidia into the ranks of the world's most valuable companies. It turns out that Nvidia's GPUs are also excellent for AI. As a result, its stock is more than 15 times as valuable as it was at the start of 2020; revenues have ballooned from roughly US $12 billion in its 2019 fiscal year to $60 billion in 2024; and the AI powerhouse's leading-edge chips are as scarce, and desired, as water in a desert.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":"61 10","pages":"40-44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10705382
Evan Ackerman
The Boston-based startup Perceptive is pioneering the use of robots to perform common dental procedures like fitting crowns faster and more precisely than a human can. The technology relies on a new kind of high-precision dental imaging system akin to ultrasound but using light instead (called optical coherence tomography) to map the surface and interior structure of patients' teeth. The robot is physically attached to the patient's jaw to mirror their head movements, while the dentist stays in control of each procedure for safety. According to the company, procedures that would take hours over multiple visits can now be completed in a single, shorter visit.
{"title":"Open Wide for This Robot Arm","authors":"Evan Ackerman","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10705382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10705382","url":null,"abstract":"The Boston-based startup Perceptive is pioneering the use of robots to perform common dental procedures like fitting crowns faster and more precisely than a human can. The technology relies on a new kind of high-precision dental imaging system akin to ultrasound but using light instead (called optical coherence tomography) to map the surface and interior structure of patients' teeth. The robot is physically attached to the patient's jaw to mirror their head movements, while the dentist stays in control of each procedure for safety. According to the company, procedures that would take hours over multiple visits can now be completed in a single, shorter visit.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":"61 10","pages":"14-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10705382","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2023-09-07DOI: 10.1177/17585732231200497
Alexander N Berk, Alexander A Hysong, Joseph B Kahan, Anna M Ifarraguerri, David P Trofa, Nady Hamid, Allison J Rao, Bryan M Saltzman
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to systematically review the available level I evidence regarding the impact of tranexamic acid (TXA) on early postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA).
Methods: A systematic review of the literature through April 2023 was performed to identify level I RCTs examining the use of TXA at the time of primary TSA or RTSA.
Results: Among 5 included studies, a total of 435 patients (219 TXA, 216 control) were identified. Superior hematologic outcomes were observed among the TXA cohort, including lower 24-hour drain output (MD -112.70 mL: p < 0.001), lower pre- to postoperative change in hemoglobin (MD: -0.68 g/dL, p < 0.001), and less total perioperative blood loss (MD: -249.56 mL, p < 0.001). Postoperative Visual Analog Scale for pain (VAS-pain) scores were lower in the TXA group, but not significantly (MD: -0.46, p = 0.17). Postoperative blood transfusion was required in 3/219 TXA patients (1.4%) and 7/216 control patients (3.2%) (RR: 0.40, p = 0.16).
Conclusion: Perioperative TXA reduces drain output and total blood loss without increasing the risk of adverse events. TXA was not shown to decrease postoperative transfusion rates when compared to placebo controls.
{"title":"The efficacy of tranexamic acid in primary anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis of level I randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Alexander N Berk, Alexander A Hysong, Joseph B Kahan, Anna M Ifarraguerri, David P Trofa, Nady Hamid, Allison J Rao, Bryan M Saltzman","doi":"10.1177/17585732231200497","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17585732231200497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to systematically review the available level I evidence regarding the impact of tranexamic acid (TXA) on early postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review of the literature through April 2023 was performed to identify level I RCTs examining the use of TXA at the time of primary TSA or RTSA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 5 included studies, a total of 435 patients (219 TXA, 216 control) were identified. Superior hematologic outcomes were observed among the TXA cohort, including lower 24-hour drain output (MD -112.70 mL: <i>p </i>< 0.001), lower pre- to postoperative change in hemoglobin (MD: -0.68 g/dL, <i>p </i>< 0.001), and less total perioperative blood loss (MD: -249.56 mL, <i>p </i>< 0.001). Postoperative Visual Analog Scale for pain (VAS-pain) scores were lower in the TXA group, but not significantly (MD: -0.46, <i>p </i>= 0.17). Postoperative blood transfusion was required in 3/219 TXA patients (1.4%) and 7/216 control patients (3.2%) (RR: 0.40, <i>p </i>= 0.16).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Perioperative TXA reduces drain output and total blood loss without increasing the risk of adverse events. TXA was not shown to decrease postoperative transfusion rates when compared to placebo controls.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level I, meta-analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":"16 1","pages":"481-492"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11528776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84423952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10669247
Edd Gent
Few devices are as crucial to people's everyday lives as their household appliances. Electrical engineer Erika Cruz says it's her mission to make sure they operate smoothly. Cruz helps design washing machines and dryers for Whirlpool, the multinational appliance manufacturer.
{"title":"Careers: Erika Cruz: She Keeps Whirlpool's Machines Spinning Smoothly","authors":"Edd Gent","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10669247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10669247","url":null,"abstract":"Few devices are as crucial to people's everyday lives as their household appliances. Electrical engineer Erika Cruz says it's her mission to make sure they operate smoothly. Cruz helps design washing machines and dryers for Whirlpool, the multinational appliance manufacturer.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":"61 9","pages":"19-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10669247","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10669242
Alan Boris
Over the last few years, I've added a fair amount of smart-home technology to my house. Among other things, I can control lights and outlets, monitor the status of various appliances, measure how much electricity and water I'm using, and even cut off the water supply in the event of a leak. All this technology is coordinated through a hub, which I originally accessed through a conventional browser-based interface. But scrolling and clicking through screens to find the reading or setting I want is a) slow and b) boring. I wanted an interface that was fast and fun—a physical control panel with displays and buttons.
{"title":"Take Control of Your Home > Escape Proprietary Smart-Home Tech with This DIY Panel","authors":"Alan Boris","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10669242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10669242","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last few years, I've added a fair amount of smart-home technology to my house. Among other things, I can control lights and outlets, monitor the status of various appliances, measure how much electricity and water I'm using, and even cut off the water supply in the event of a leak. All this technology is coordinated through a hub, which I originally accessed through a conventional browser-based interface. But scrolling and clicking through screens to find the reading or setting I want is a) slow and b) boring. I wanted an interface that was fast and fun—a physical control panel with displays and buttons.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":"61 9","pages":"16-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10669251
Glenn Zorpette
By any measure, Richard Garwin is one of the most decorated and successful engineers of the 20th century. The IEEE Life Fellow has won the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the National Medal of Science, France's La Grande Médaille de l'Académie des Sciences, and is one of just a handful of people elected to all three U.S. National Academies: Engineering, Science, and Medicine. At IBM, where he worked from 1952 to 1993, Garwin was a key contributor or a facilitator on some of the most important products and breakthroughs of his era, including magnetic resonance imaging, touchscreen monitors, laser printers, displays, and the Cooley-Tukey fast Fourier transform algorithm.
{"title":"5 Questions Richard Garwin: The Designer of the First Hydrogen Bomb on Creating “the Sausage”","authors":"Glenn Zorpette","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10669251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10669251","url":null,"abstract":"By any measure, Richard Garwin is one of the most decorated and successful engineers of the 20th century. The IEEE Life Fellow has won the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the National Medal of Science, France's La Grande Médaille de l'Académie des Sciences, and is one of just a handful of people elected to all three U.S. National Academies: Engineering, Science, and Medicine. At IBM, where he worked from 1952 to 1993, Garwin was a key contributor or a facilitator on some of the most important products and breakthroughs of his era, including magnetic resonance imaging, touchscreen monitors, laser printers, displays, and the Cooley-Tukey fast Fourier transform algorithm.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":"61 9","pages":"22-23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10669251","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：