Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10589682
Mark Liu;H.-S. Philip Wong
In 1997 the IBM Deep Blue supercomputer defeated world chess champion Garry Kasparov. It was a ground-breaking demonstration of supercomputer technology and a first glimpse into how high-performance computing might one day overtake human-level intelligence. In the 10 years that followed, we began to use artificial intelligence for many practical tasks, such as facial recognition, language translation, and recommending movies and merchandise.
{"title":"The Path to a 1-Trillion-Transistor GPU: AI's Boom Demands New Chip Technology","authors":"Mark Liu;H.-S. Philip Wong","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10589682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10589682","url":null,"abstract":"In 1997 the IBM Deep Blue supercomputer defeated world chess champion Garry Kasparov. It was a ground-breaking demonstration of supercomputer technology and a first glimpse into how high-performance computing might one day overtake human-level intelligence. In the 10 years that followed, we began to use artificial intelligence for many practical tasks, such as facial recognition, language translation, and recommending movies and merchandise.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":"61 7","pages":"22-27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141583530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10589685
Gwendolyn Rak
NEARLY EVERY DAY since she was a child, Alex Leow, a psychiatrist and computer scientist at the University Chicago, has played the piano. Some days she of Illinois plays well and other days her tempo lags and her fingers hit the wrong keys. Over the years, she noticed a pattern: How well she plays depends on her mood. A bad mood or lack of sleep almost always leads to sluggish, mistake-prone music.
{"title":"The Shrink in Your Pocket","authors":"Gwendolyn Rak","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10589685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10589685","url":null,"abstract":"NEARLY EVERY DAY since she was a child, Alex Leow, a psychiatrist and computer scientist at the University Chicago, has played the piano. Some days she of Illinois plays well and other days her tempo lags and her fingers hit the wrong keys. Over the years, she noticed a pattern: How well she plays depends on her mood. A bad mood or lack of sleep almost always leads to sluggish, mistake-prone music.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":"61 7","pages":"42-47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141583592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10589686
Rahul Rao
Today's cryptographic protocols rely on mathematical techniques like finding the prime factors of very large numbers. But large enough quantum computers would have a powerful tool called Shor's algorithm, which can quickly factor colossal integers.
{"title":"5 Questions: Scott Best: Prepping Today's Systems for Tomorrow's Post-Quantum Cryptography","authors":"Rahul Rao","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10589686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10589686","url":null,"abstract":"Today's cryptographic protocols rely on mathematical techniques like finding the prime factors of very large numbers. But large enough quantum computers would have a powerful tool called Shor's algorithm, which can quickly factor colossal integers.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":"61 7","pages":"21-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10589686","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141583597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10589681
Emily Waltz;Luigi Avantaggiato
INSIDE a shipping container in an industrial area of Venice, the Italian startup 9-Tech is taking a crack at a looming global problem: how to responsibly recycle the 54 million to 160 million tonnes of solar modules that are expected to reach the end of their productive lives by 2050. Recovering the materials won't be easy. Solar panels are built to withstand any environment on Earth for 20 to 30 years, and even after sitting in the sun for three decades, the hardware is difficult to dismantle. In fact, most recycling facilities trash the silicon, silver, and copper—the most valuable but least accessible materials in old solar panels—and recover only the aluminum frames and glass panes.
{"title":"Spent But Not Trashed: An Italian Startup Recovers Valuable Materials from Old Solar Panels","authors":"Emily Waltz;Luigi Avantaggiato","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10589681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10589681","url":null,"abstract":"INSIDE a shipping container in an industrial area of Venice, the Italian startup 9-Tech is taking a crack at a looming global problem: how to responsibly recycle the 54 million to 160 million tonnes of solar modules that are expected to reach the end of their productive lives by 2050. Recovering the materials won't be easy. Solar panels are built to withstand any environment on Earth for 20 to 30 years, and even after sitting in the sun for three decades, the hardware is difficult to dismantle. In fact, most recycling facilities trash the silicon, silver, and copper—the most valuable but least accessible materials in old solar panels—and recover only the aluminum frames and glass panes.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":"61 7","pages":"34-41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141583591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10589680
Harry Goldstein
Fifty years ago, DRAM inventor and IEEE Medal of Honor recipient Robert Dennard created what essentially became the semiconductor industry's path to perpetually increasing transistor density and chip performance. That path became known as Dennard scaling, and it helped codify Gordon Moore's postulate about device dimensions shrinking by half every 18 to 24 months. For decades it compelled engineers to push the physical limits of semiconductor devices.
{"title":"Moore on Chip Scaling: Scaling Compute to Satiate AI's Appetite Will Take Extreme Measures","authors":"Harry Goldstein","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10589680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10589680","url":null,"abstract":"Fifty years ago, DRAM inventor and IEEE Medal of Honor recipient Robert Dennard created what essentially became the semiconductor industry's path to perpetually increasing transistor density and chip performance. That path became known as Dennard scaling, and it helped codify Gordon Moore's postulate about device dimensions shrinking by half every 18 to 24 months. For decades it compelled engineers to push the physical limits of semiconductor devices.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":"61 7","pages":"2-2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10589680","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141583596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10551787
Emily Waltz
This year, the sun will reach solar maximum, a period of peak magnetic activity that occurs approximately once every 11 years. That means more sunspots and more frequent intense solar storms. Here on Earth, these result in beautiful auroral activity, but also geomagnetic storms and the threat of electromagnetic pulses (EMPs), which can bring widespread damage to electronic equipment and communications systems.
{"title":"5 Questions for Yilu Liu: How to EMP-Proof a Building","authors":"Emily Waltz","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10551787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10551787","url":null,"abstract":"This year, the sun will reach solar maximum, a period of peak magnetic activity that occurs approximately once every 11 years. That means more sunspots and more frequent intense solar storms. Here on Earth, these result in beautiful auroral activity, but also geomagnetic storms and the threat of electromagnetic pulses (EMPs), which can bring widespread damage to electronic equipment and communications systems.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":"61 6","pages":"21-21"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10551787","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141286620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10551785
Edd Gent
Arthur Erickson discovered drones during his first year at college studying aerospace engineering. He immediately thought the sky was the limit for how the machines could be used, but it took years of hard work and some nimble decisions to turn that enthusiasm into a successful startup.
{"title":"Careers: Arthur Erickson: This Aerospace Engineer Builds Crop-Spraying Drones for Farmers","authors":"Edd Gent","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10551785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10551785","url":null,"abstract":"Arthur Erickson discovered drones during his first year at college studying aerospace engineering. He immediately thought the sky was the limit for how the machines could be used, but it took years of hard work and some nimble decisions to turn that enthusiasm into a successful startup.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":"61 6","pages":"19-20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10551785","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141286671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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