Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10551791
Allison Marsh
In 1870, William Thomson, mourning the death of his wife and flush with cash from various patents related to the laying of the first transatlantic telegraph cable, decided to buy a yacht. His schooner, the Lalla Rookh, became Thomson's summer home and his base for hosting scientific parties. It also gave him firsthand experience with the challenge of accurately predicting tides.
{"title":"Past Forward: Brass for Brains","authors":"Allison Marsh","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10551791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10551791","url":null,"abstract":"In 1870, William Thomson, mourning the death of his wife and flush with cash from various patents related to the laying of the first transatlantic telegraph cable, decided to buy a yacht. His schooner, the Lalla Rookh, became Thomson's summer home and his base for hosting scientific parties. It also gave him firsthand experience with the challenge of accurately predicting tides.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10551791","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141286577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10551793
Stephen Cass
Oh me, oh mesh! Many journalists in this business have at least one pet technology that's never taken off in the way they think it should. Hypersonic passenger planes, deep-sea thermal-energy power plants, chording keyboards—all have their adherents, eager to jump at the chance of covering their infatuation. For me, it's mesh radio systems, which first captivated me while I was zipping around downtown Las Vegas back in 2004. In that pre-smartphone, practically pre-3G era, I was testing a mesh network deployed by a local startup, downloading files at what was then a mind-boggling rate of 1.5 megabits per second in a moving car. Clearly, mesh and its ad hoc decentralized digital architecture were the future of wireless comms!
{"title":"It's Meshtastic! > LoRa-based Tech Brings Mesh Radio to Makers","authors":"Stephen Cass","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10551793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10551793","url":null,"abstract":"Oh me, oh mesh! Many journalists in this business have at least one pet technology that's never taken off in the way they think it should. Hypersonic passenger planes, deep-sea thermal-energy power plants, chording keyboards—all have their adherents, eager to jump at the chance of covering their infatuation. For me, it's mesh radio systems, which first captivated me while I was zipping around downtown Las Vegas back in 2004. In that pre-smartphone, practically pre-3G era, I was testing a mesh network deployed by a local startup, downloading files at what was then a mind-boggling rate of 1.5 megabits per second in a moving car. Clearly, mesh and its ad hoc decentralized digital architecture were the future of wireless comms!","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141286719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10551795
Willie D. Jones
Researchers at the University of the Bundeswehr in Munich have developed a deep-learning system to generate 3D relief maps of cities using 2D images generated by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) signals beamed from a satellite. The researchers' SAR2Height algorithm, also trained on airborne lidar or stereo-camera images of the same cities, can render a 3D cityscape–such as this 3D relief map of Munich–with building heights accurate to 3 meters. This way, says University of Houston geosensing systems engineering professor Pietro Milillo, SAR images of a disaster area can rapidly generate data on changes in building height and therefore can yield, he says, “a map of probability of collapse of buildings.”
{"title":"Municipal Model Maker","authors":"Willie D. Jones","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10551795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10551795","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers at the University of the Bundeswehr in Munich have developed a deep-learning system to generate 3D relief maps of cities using 2D images generated by synthetic aperture radar (SAR) signals beamed from a satellite. The researchers' SAR2Height algorithm, also trained on airborne lidar or stereo-camera images of the same cities, can render a 3D cityscape–such as this 3D relief map of Munich–with building heights accurate to 3 meters. This way, says University of Houston geosensing systems engineering professor Pietro Milillo, SAR images of a disaster area can rapidly generate data on changes in building height and therefore can yield, he says, “a map of probability of collapse of buildings.”","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10551795","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141286672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10551788
Harry Goldstein
The scene: A space-based solar power station called the Converter being commissioned some time in the Future. The characters: Two astronauts, Powell and Donovan, and a robot named QT-1 (“Cutie” to its human friends). The plot: The astronauts are training Cutie to take over the station's operations, which involve collecting solar energy in space and then directing it as intense beams of microwaves down to Earth.
{"title":"The Chasm Between Imagination and Feasibility: Space-based Solar Power Started as sci-fi. And it Still is","authors":"Harry Goldstein","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10551788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10551788","url":null,"abstract":"The scene: A space-based solar power station called the Converter being commissioned some time in the Future. The characters: Two astronauts, Powell and Donovan, and a robot named QT-1 (“Cutie” to its human friends). The plot: The astronauts are training Cutie to take over the station's operations, which involve collecting solar energy in space and then directing it as intense beams of microwaves down to Earth.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10551788","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141286733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10551789
Thomas S. Mullaney
Today, typing in Chinese works by converting QWERTY keystrokes into Chinese characters via a software interface, known as an input method editor. But this was not always the case. Thomas S. Mullaney's new book, The Chinese Computer: A Global History of the Information Age, published by the MIT Press, unearths the forgotten history of Chinese input in the 20th century. In this article, which was adapted from an excerpt of the book, he details the varied Chinese input systems of the 1960s and 1970s that renounced QWERTY altogether. “This will destroy China forever,” a young Taiwanese cadet thought as he sat in rapt attention. The renowned historian Arnold J. Toynbee was on stage, delivering a lecture at Washington and Lee University on “A Changing World in Light of History.” The talk plowed the professor's favorite field of inquiry: the genesis, growth, death, and disintegration of human civilizations, immortalized in his magnum opus A Study of History. Tonight's talk threw the spotlight on China.
{"title":"Before QWERTY, the Options were Ingenious and Strange: The Forgotten History of Chinese Keyboards","authors":"Thomas S. Mullaney","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10551789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10551789","url":null,"abstract":"Today, typing in Chinese works by converting QWERTY keystrokes into Chinese characters via a software interface, known as an input method editor. But this was not always the case. Thomas S. Mullaney's new book, The Chinese Computer: A Global History of the Information Age, published by the MIT Press, unearths the forgotten history of Chinese input in the 20th century. In this article, which was adapted from an excerpt of the book, he details the varied Chinese input systems of the 1960s and 1970s that renounced QWERTY altogether. “This will destroy China forever,” a young Taiwanese cadet thought as he sat in rapt attention. The renowned historian Arnold J. Toynbee was on stage, delivering a lecture at Washington and Lee University on “A Changing World in Light of History.” The talk plowed the professor's favorite field of inquiry: the genesis, growth, death, and disintegration of human civilizations, immortalized in his magnum opus A Study of History. Tonight's talk threw the spotlight on China.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141286578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10551792
Anna Herr;Quentin Herr
What's more, this projection was made before the sudden explosion of generative AI. The amount of computing resources used to train the largest AI models has been doubling roughly every 6 months for more than the past decade. At this rate, by 2030 training a single artificial-intelligence model would take one hundred times as much computing resources as the combined annual resources of the current top 10 super-computers. Simply put, computing will require colossal amounts of power, soon exceeding what our planet can provide.
{"title":"A Data Center in a Shoebox: IMEC's Plan to use Superconductors to Shrink Computers","authors":"Anna Herr;Quentin Herr","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10551792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10551792","url":null,"abstract":"What's more, this projection was made before the sudden explosion of generative AI. The amount of computing resources used to train the largest AI models has been doubling roughly every 6 months for more than the past decade. At this rate, by 2030 training a single artificial-intelligence model would take one hundred times as much computing resources as the combined annual resources of the current top 10 super-computers. Simply put, computing will require colossal amounts of power, soon exceeding what our planet can provide.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141286674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-04DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10491387
F. Levent Degertekin
A STARTLING CHANGE in medical ultrasound is working its way through hospitals and physicians' offices. The long-standing, state-of-the-art ultrasound machine that's pushed around on a cart, with cables and multiple probes dangling, is being wheeled aside perma-nently in favor of handheld probes that send images to a phone.
{"title":"How Ultrasound Became Ultra Small","authors":"F. Levent Degertekin","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10491387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10491387","url":null,"abstract":"A STARTLING CHANGE in medical ultrasound is working its way through hospitals and physicians' offices. The long-standing, state-of-the-art ultrasound machine that's pushed around on a cart, with cables and multiple probes dangling, is being wheeled aside perma-nently in favor of handheld probes that send images to a phone.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140346742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-04DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10491279
Michael Koziol
Starting a new engineering program at a university is no simple task. But that's just what Brandeis University in Waltham, Mass., is doing. By 2026, the university will offer an undergraduate engineering degree-but without creating an engineering department. Instead, Brandeis aims to lean on its strong liberal arts tradition, in hope of offering something dif-ferent from the more than 3,500 other engineering programs in the United States accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technol-ogy (ABET). IEEE Spectrum spoke with Seth Fraden, one of the new program's interim cochairs, about getting a new engineering program up and running.
{"title":"5 Questions for Seth Fraden: How to boot up a new engineering program","authors":"Michael Koziol","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10491279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10491279","url":null,"abstract":"Starting a new engineering program at a university is no simple task. But that's just what Brandeis University in Waltham, Mass., is doing. By 2026, the university will offer an undergraduate engineering degree-but without creating an engineering department. Instead, Brandeis aims to lean on its strong liberal arts tradition, in hope of offering something dif-ferent from the more than 3,500 other engineering programs in the United States accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technol-ogy (ABET). IEEE Spectrum spoke with Seth Fraden, one of the new program's interim cochairs, about getting a new engineering program up and running.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10491279","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140346734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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