Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10669241
Samuel K. Moore
Chipmakers continue to claw for every spare nano-meter to continue scaling down circuits, but a technology involving things that are much bigger—hundreds or thousands of nanometers across—could be just as significant over the next five years.
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Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10669141
Harry Goldstein
It pays to have friends in fascinating places. You need look no further than the cover of this issue and the article “IBM's Big Bet on the Quantum-Centric Supercomputer” [p. 24] for evidence. The article by Ryan Mandelbaum, Antonio D. Córcoles, and Jay Gambetta came to us courtesy of the article's illustrator, the inimitable graphic artist Carl De Torres, a longtime IEEE Spectrum contributor as well as a design and communications consultant for IBM Research.
在迷人的地方交朋友是有好处的。本期封面和文章《IBM 在以量子为中心的超级计算机上的巨大赌注》（IBM's Big Bet on the Quantum-Centric Supercomputer）[第 24 页]就是最好的证明。Ryan Mandelbaum、Antonio D. Córcoles 和 Jay Gambetta 撰写的这篇文章是由文章的插图作者、无与伦比的图形艺术家 Carl De Torres 提供的。
{"title":"A Match Made in Yorktown Heights: How One Artist Fostered a Visually Stunning Collaboration","authors":"Harry Goldstein","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10669141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10669141","url":null,"abstract":"It pays to have friends in fascinating places. You need look no further than the cover of this issue and the article “IBM's Big Bet on the Quantum-Centric Supercomputer” [p. 24] for evidence. The article by Ryan Mandelbaum, Antonio D. Córcoles, and Jay Gambetta came to us courtesy of the article's illustrator, the inimitable graphic artist Carl De Torres, a longtime IEEE Spectrum contributor as well as a design and communications consultant for IBM Research.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10669141","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10669256
Edd Gent
A team of engineers at Bilkent University, in Ankara, Türkiye, has built a nanoscale optical element not on top of a silicon wafer, but rather in a layer below the surface. To achieve this, they used a special type of laser known as a Bessel beam, whose light can pass through the surface of a wafer and interact with the silicon below. Because the Bessel beam's light doesn't diffract, it's now possible to create two-dimensional structures inside the silicon as small as 100 nanometers.
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Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10669253
Ryan Mandelbaum;Antonio D. Córcoles;Jay Gambetta
Back in June 2022, Oak Ridge National Laboratory debuted Frontier—the world's most powerful super-computer. Frontier can perform a billion billion calculations per second. And yet there are computational problems that Frontier may never be able to solve in a reasonable amount of time.
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Pub Date : 2024-08-05DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10623187
Corey S. Powell
ON 29 OCTOBER 2020, astronomer Przemek Mróz from the University of Warsaw and an international group of collaborators reported a peculiar flicker of light originating from halfway across our galaxy. The signal, designated OGLE-2016-BLG-1928, was extremely subtle. It caused a single star to brighten and dim by about 20 percent over a 6-hour period, just once, never repeated. But the implication of that little flicker was huge: It was the first credible sighting of an Earth-size “rogue planet,” a world untethered to any star, floating freely between the stars.
{"title":"The Hunt for Rogue Planets: The Galaxy May Hold a Trillion Wandering, Sunless Worlds. So How Do We Find Them?","authors":"Corey S. Powell","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10623187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10623187","url":null,"abstract":"ON 29 OCTOBER 2020, astronomer Przemek Mróz from the University of Warsaw and an international group of collaborators reported a peculiar flicker of light originating from halfway across our galaxy. The signal, designated OGLE-2016-BLG-1928, was extremely subtle. It caused a single star to brighten and dim by about 20 percent over a 6-hour period, just once, never repeated. But the implication of that little flicker was huge: It was the first credible sighting of an Earth-size “rogue planet,” a world untethered to any star, floating freely between the stars.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141965538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10622077
Alfred Poor
Today's typical high-voltage power line, considering its essential role in the electrified world, is surprisingly dull. It's typically just a length of conductor (like aluminum) through which electrons flow from power source to end users. However, researchers have been testing clamp-on sensors to the lines, called power Neurons, that can report fundamentals like operating temperature and current back to grid operators. According to one study by Great River Energy in Minnesota, a pilot deployment of Neurons enabled the utility company to increase its electricity throughput by more than 40 percent. The Neuron's Norwegian creator, Oslo's Heimdall Power, says its sensors are an inexpensive and simple byway to tomorrow's smart grid-coming in at just 2 to 5 percent of the cost of replacing an aging line.
{"title":"Grid “Neurons” Boost Power-Line Performance","authors":"Alfred Poor","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10622077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10622077","url":null,"abstract":"Today's typical high-voltage power line, considering its essential role in the electrified world, is surprisingly dull. It's typically just a length of conductor (like aluminum) through which electrons flow from power source to end users. However, researchers have been testing clamp-on sensors to the lines, called power Neurons, that can report fundamentals like operating temperature and current back to grid operators. According to one study by Great River Energy in Minnesota, a pilot deployment of Neurons enabled the utility company to increase its electricity throughput by more than 40 percent. The Neuron's Norwegian creator, Oslo's Heimdall Power, says its sensors are an inexpensive and simple byway to tomorrow's smart grid-coming in at just 2 to 5 percent of the cost of replacing an aging line.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10622077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141965747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10622061
Vandana Rallabandi;Burak Ozpineci;Praveen Kumar
THE DILEMMA IS EASY TO DESCRIBE. Global efforts to combat climate change hinge on pivoting sharply away from fossil fuels. To do that will require electrifying transportation, primarily by shifting from vehicles with combustion engines to ones with electric drive trains. Such a massive shift will inevitably mean far greater use of electric traction motors, nearly all of which rely on magnets that contain rare earth elements, which cause substantial environmental degradation when their ores are extracted and then processed into industrially useful forms. And for automakers outside of China, there is an additional deterrent: Roughly 90 percent of processed rare earth elements now come from China, so for these companies, increasing dependence on rare earths means growing vulnerability in critical supply chains.
{"title":"How EVs Can Escape the Rare Earth Trap: Promising Experimental Motors are Using Exotic Materials and Ingenious Configurations","authors":"Vandana Rallabandi;Burak Ozpineci;Praveen Kumar","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10622061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10622061","url":null,"abstract":"THE DILEMMA IS EASY TO DESCRIBE. Global efforts to combat climate change hinge on pivoting sharply away from fossil fuels. To do that will require electrifying transportation, primarily by shifting from vehicles with combustion engines to ones with electric drive trains. Such a massive shift will inevitably mean far greater use of electric traction motors, nearly all of which rely on magnets that contain rare earth elements, which cause substantial environmental degradation when their ores are extracted and then processed into industrially useful forms. And for automakers outside of China, there is an additional deterrent: Roughly 90 percent of processed rare earth elements now come from China, so for these companies, increasing dependence on rare earths means growing vulnerability in critical supply chains.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141965750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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