Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10622077
Alfred Poor
Today's typical high-voltage power line, considering its essential role in the electrified world, is surprisingly dull. It's typically just a length of conductor (like aluminum) through which electrons flow from power source to end users. However, researchers have been testing clamp-on sensors to the lines, called power Neurons, that can report fundamentals like operating temperature and current back to grid operators. According to one study by Great River Energy in Minnesota, a pilot deployment of Neurons enabled the utility company to increase its electricity throughput by more than 40 percent. The Neuron's Norwegian creator, Oslo's Heimdall Power, says its sensors are an inexpensive and simple byway to tomorrow's smart grid-coming in at just 2 to 5 percent of the cost of replacing an aging line.
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Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10622064
Stephen Cass
You have a closed box. There may be a live cat inside, but you won't know until you open the box. For most people, this situation is a theoretical conundrum that probes the foundations of quantum mechanics. For me, however, it's a pressing practical problem, not least because physics completely skates over the vital issue of how annoyed the cat will be when the box is opened. But fortunately, engineering comes to the rescue, in the form of a new US $50 maker-friendly pulsed coherent radar sensor from SparkFun.
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Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10622061
Vandana Rallabandi;Burak Ozpineci;Praveen Kumar
THE DILEMMA IS EASY TO DESCRIBE. Global efforts to combat climate change hinge on pivoting sharply away from fossil fuels. To do that will require electrifying transportation, primarily by shifting from vehicles with combustion engines to ones with electric drive trains. Such a massive shift will inevitably mean far greater use of electric traction motors, nearly all of which rely on magnets that contain rare earth elements, which cause substantial environmental degradation when their ores are extracted and then processed into industrially useful forms. And for automakers outside of China, there is an additional deterrent: Roughly 90 percent of processed rare earth elements now come from China, so for these companies, increasing dependence on rare earths means growing vulnerability in critical supply chains.
{"title":"How EVs Can Escape the Rare Earth Trap: Promising Experimental Motors are Using Exotic Materials and Ingenious Configurations","authors":"Vandana Rallabandi;Burak Ozpineci;Praveen Kumar","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10622061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10622061","url":null,"abstract":"THE DILEMMA IS EASY TO DESCRIBE. Global efforts to combat climate change hinge on pivoting sharply away from fossil fuels. To do that will require electrifying transportation, primarily by shifting from vehicles with combustion engines to ones with electric drive trains. Such a massive shift will inevitably mean far greater use of electric traction motors, nearly all of which rely on magnets that contain rare earth elements, which cause substantial environmental degradation when their ores are extracted and then processed into industrially useful forms. And for automakers outside of China, there is an additional deterrent: Roughly 90 percent of processed rare earth elements now come from China, so for these companies, increasing dependence on rare earths means growing vulnerability in critical supply chains.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":"61 8","pages":"36-41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141965750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10622063
Edd Gent
The Large Hadron Collider has transformed our understanding of physics since it began operating in 2008, enabling researchers to investigate the fundamental building blocks of the universe. Some 100 meters below the border between France and Switzerland, particles accelerate along the LHC's 27-kilometer circumference, nearly reaching the speed of light before smashing together.
{"title":"Irene Degl'Innocenti: This Engineer Keeps CERN's Particle Accelerators on Track","authors":"Edd Gent","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10622063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10622063","url":null,"abstract":"The Large Hadron Collider has transformed our understanding of physics since it began operating in 2008, enabling researchers to investigate the fundamental building blocks of the universe. Some 100 meters below the border between France and Switzerland, particles accelerate along the LHC's 27-kilometer circumference, nearly reaching the speed of light before smashing together.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":"61 8","pages":"21-22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10622063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141965748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10622066
Dana Calacci
IN EARLY 2020, gig workers for the app-based delivery company Shipt noticed something strange about their paychecks. The company, which had been acquired by Target in 2017 for US $550 million, offered same-day delivery from local stores. Those deliveries were made by Shipt workers, who shopped for the items and drove them to customers' doorsteps. Business was booming at the start of the pandemic, as the COVID-19 lockdowns kept people in their homes, and yet workers found that their paychecks had become... unpredictable. They were doing the same work they'd always done, yet their paychecks were often less than they expected. And they didn't know why.
{"title":"The GIG Workers Who Fought an Algorithm: When Their Pay Suddenly Dropped, Shipt's Delivery Drivers Dug into the Data","authors":"Dana Calacci","doi":"10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10622066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10622066","url":null,"abstract":"IN EARLY 2020, gig workers for the app-based delivery company Shipt noticed something strange about their paychecks. The company, which had been acquired by Target in 2017 for US $550 million, offered same-day delivery from local stores. Those deliveries were made by Shipt workers, who shopped for the items and drove them to customers' doorsteps. Business was booming at the start of the pandemic, as the COVID-19 lockdowns kept people in their homes, and yet workers found that their paychecks had become... unpredictable. They were doing the same work they'd always done, yet their paychecks were often less than they expected. And they didn't know why.","PeriodicalId":13249,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Spectrum","volume":"61 8","pages":"42-47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141965751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1109/MSPEC.2024.10622060
Harry Goldstein
When Senior Editor Tekla S. Perry started in this magazine's New York office in 1979, she was issued the standard tools of the trade: notebooks, purple colored pencils for making edits and corrections on page proofs, a push-button telephone wired into a WATS line for unlimited long distance calling, and an IBM Selectric typewriter, “the latest and greatest technology, from my perspective,” she recalled recently.
1979 年，资深编辑泰克拉-佩里（Tekla S. Perry）刚到本杂志纽约办公室工作时，她领到的是标准的工作工具：笔记本、用于在页面校样上进行编辑和修改的紫色彩色铅笔、接在 WATS 线路上可无限拨打长途电话的按键式电话，以及一台 IBM Selectric 打字机，"在我看来，这是最新、最先进的技术"，她最近回忆说。
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